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    2022-2023学年四川省成都市高二(下)期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)

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    这是一份2022-2023学年四川省成都市高二(下)期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析),共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解,阅读七选五,完形填空,语法填空,短文改错,书面表达等内容,欢迎下载使用。

    一、阅读理解:本大题共15小题,共30分。
    A
    The fllwing jbs are expected t be in high demand in 2023.Clicking n the "Find jbs" link will take yu t the list f current jb pstings and help yu make career chices.
    Nurse Practitiner
    Average hurly wage: ﹩ 56.00
    Nurse practitiners can perfrm many f the tasks that dctrs d,such as creating treatment plans fr patients and managing medical recrds.The big difference is that nurse practitiners cannt prescribe medicatins in mst states.T becme a nurse practitiner,yu will need a graduate degree in nursing alng with the apprpriate licenses fr the states in which yu wrk.
    Data Scientist
    Average hurly wage: ﹩ 52.00
    Frm car rental cmpanies t telecmmunicatin businesses,data scientists analyze the infrmatin t figure ut the best ways fr their businesses t be mre successful.The jb duties include identifying what types f business and custmer data are wrth gathering,then checking whether the infrmatin is accurate.It's a big jb that generally requires eight wrking hurs a day and prfessinal skills in mathematics.
    Web Develper
    Average hurly wage: ﹩ 38.00
    Mst peple rely n the Internet t stay infrmed and cnnected with ur cmmunities.Web develpers make sure thse sites functin prperly while als updating them t include new functins that make them easier t use.Mst f the wrk can be dne remtely,which is favred by yung peple.
    Chregrapher(编舞师)
    Average hurly wage: ﹩ 20.00
    Maybe it's the ppularity f viral dance vides n TikTk that brings abut the increasing demand in recent years.In additin t instructing trainees and perfrming n the stage and in the film,they wrk n smaller events such as weddings and ther family gatherings.N degree is necessary t wrk in this field,but yu will need sme training and rhythm.
    1.Hw much will a data scientist get per day n average? ______
    A. ﹩ 52.B. ﹩ 56.C. ﹩ 416.D. ﹩ 448.
    2.Which ne is suitable fr thse wh prefer t wrk frm hme? ______
    A. Data scientist.B. Web develper.
    C. Chregrapher.D. Nurse practitiner.
    3.What d we knw abut chregraphers? ______
    A. They can earn at least ﹩ 20 per hur.
    B. They need t get a degree befre wrk.
    C. They make mney by making dance vides.
    D. They are gaining ppularity wing t scial media.
    B
    "Why?" It's a simple questin that peple ask Angela Madeline frequently.After all,she began a jurney that very few peple wuld ever attempt:walk arund the wrld alne.
    The thught f Madeline's jurney did nt start frm a place f lss r persnal crisis.She said, "I was searching fr a deeper interactin with nature and peple."Walking wuld minimize her carbn ftprint,plus the slw pace meant that she culd fully immerse herself in nature,and gain insights int ther cultures in a unique way.
    She left her hmetwn f Bend,Oregn,n 2 May 2016 and headed int an adventure.Alng the way,Madeline wuld suffer frm heatstrke(中暑) in the Australian desert and hear gunshts while camping in Turkey. "Still,"she said,"I didn't stp because I was mre afraid f nt fllwing my heart than I was f lsing everything I wned and lved."
    Apart frm that,her slw pace allwed her t be drawn deeply int ther cultures.She wandered the tiny sea side villages alng Italy Tyrthenian Sea,enjying the lively atmsphere.In Vietnam,she was invited and ffered fd by an elderly wman t rest in her wden shack at the peak fr the night.She chse an experience f uncertainty and curisity,in search f smething she culd never be certain t find:a sense f fulfillment and a deeper cnnectin.
    On 16 December 2022,Madeline's pilgrimage (朝圣之旅) ended right where it started.Fr nw,she's wrking n a bk,planning future jurneys and creating mre effective ways fr wmen t find and express curage in their lives.
    Whether a walk leads halfway arund the wrld r just dwn the rad,Madeline has shwn the true wrth f slwing dwn and giving mre than we receive alng the way.
    4.Why did Madeline decide t start her jurney? ______
    A. T get clser t the wrld.B. T reduce carbn ftprint.
    C. T get rid f persnal crisis.D. T slw dwn the pace f life.
    5.What can we knw abut Madeline during the jurney? ______
    A. She was abut t give up.
    B. She was helped by Italian lcals.
    C. She experienced varius cultures.
    D. She enjyed Australian castal scenery.
    6.Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Madeline? ______
    A. Cautius and gentle.B. Tugh and adventurus.
    C. Ambitius and generus.D. Open-minded and humrus.
    7.What's this text mainly abut? ______
    A. A new way t slw dwn life.
    B. A clser cnnectin with the wild.
    C. An unfrgettable memry f a trip.
    D. A wman walking arund the wrld.
    C
    Accents are a sign f belnging and smething that separates cmmunities.Yet we can prbably think f peple wh seem t have lst their accent and f thers whse accent stays firmly in place.Given the persnal and scial imprtance f hw smene speaks,why wuld anyne's accent change?
    A cnscius r subcnscius desire t fit in can influence the way yu speak.If smene mves frm Australia t America t wrk,fr example,they will prbably at least change their accent in rder t get a better sense f belnging. This may be ut f a need r desire t be mre clearly understd and t be accepted in a new cmmunity.They might als want t avid ridicule fr the way they speak.
    Fr peple whse accent s d shift,the way they speak may be less imprtant t their sense f identity,r their identity with a scial r prfessinal grup may be mre pressing.Even befre we are brn,we are expsed t the speech patterns f thse arund us.We prgress thrugh varius stages f speech develpment that result in us having speech patterns similar t thse arund us.
    Fr thers whse accent des nt seem t change,it culd be because they feel safe in their identity,and their accent is much part f that identity—— r that keeping the difference is valuable t them.
    Meanwhile,brain damage may result in freign accent syndrme (FAS),which results frm physical changes that are nt under the speaker's cntrl.Suffering frm FAS,speakers may lse the ability t speak at all r experience strange changes in the way they prnunce.In sme cases,listeners might lk dwn upn a persn with FAS as they believe them t be freigners.It's n wnder many peple uncnsciusly prtect themselves by adapting their speech t thse arund them.
    8.What des the underlined wrd"This"in Paragraph 2 refer t? ______
    A. The desire t fit in.B. The change f career.
    C. The adjustment f accents.D. The influence n language.
    9.What makes peple chse t change their accents? ______
    A. The result f brain damage.
    B. Their strng sense f identity.
    C. Their desire t learn abut lcals.
    D. The need t adapt t new envirnment.
    10.What can we knw abut the peple suffering frm FAS? ______
    A. They may be taken as freigners.
    B. They can nt help making a sund.
    C. They suffer frm emtinal changes.
    D. They may change accents t gain respect.
    11.What's the authr's purpse in writing this text? ______
    A. T explain the lss f accents.
    B. T intrduce the histry f accents.
    C. T analyze why accents are lst r kept.
    D. T shw the significance f accent changes.
    D
    Sme big scientific discveries aren't actually discvered but brrwed.That's what happened when scientists discvered prteins frm an unlikely lender:green algae(绿藻),whse cells are decrated with prteins that can sense light.
    The light-sensing prtein prmised the pwer t cntrl neurns(神经元) by prviding a way t turn them n and ff.Such ability,first nticed in 2002,quickly caught the attentin f brain scientists:Nerve cells which were genetically engineered t prduce such prteins becme light-cntrlled.A flash f light culd cause a quiet neurn t send signals r frce an active neurn t fall silent. "This is the light sensr that we needed," says Zhu-Hua Pan,a scientist searching fr a way t cntrl visin cells in mice's eyes.The methd is nw called ptgenetics(光遗传学).
    In Pan's lab,light-respnsive prtein s restred visin in mice with damaged eyesight,a finding that has nw led t a medical test n peple.Optgenetics' prmise wasn't clear in early days,as scientists were first learning hw t use these prtein s in neurns. "At that time,n ne expected that this ptgenetic wrk wuld have such a huge impact,"Pan says.
    The algae's light sensrs have been adpted fr use in cuntless brain research fields.Talia,anther scientist,uses ptgenetics t study cnnectins between cells in the muse brain.The methd allws her t cmb the relatinships between cells that prduce and respnd t dpamine(多巴胺),which might help uncver details abut mtivatin and learning.
    S far,ptgenetics research has taken place mstly in mice.But findings int mre cmplex brains like human brain may sn be cnfirmed. "We are definitely n the tip f uncvering sme fascinating principles f the human brain,such as hw the brain transfrms signals frm the eyes int perceptins, " says Yasmine f Clumbia University.
    N matter what happens next in this swiftly mving field,ne thing is certain:Brain scientists will be frever in the algae's debt.
    12.What des Paragraph 2 mainly talk abut? ______
    A. The rigin f neurns.B. The discvery f green algae.
    C. The varieties f neurns.D. The inspiratin frm green algae.
    13.What can we learn frm Pan's research? ______
    A. Damaged eyesight is likely t be restred.
    B. The findings are used t cure brain diseases.
    C. Relatinships between cells have been fund.
    D. The light-sensing prtein is the key t the brain.
    14.What's Yasmine's attitude twards the future f her research? ______
    A. Cautius.B. Cnfident.C. Critical.D. Unclear.
    15.Which sectin is this text mst prbably taken frm? ______
    A. Health.B. Btany.C. Figure.D. Inventin.
    二、阅读七选五:本大题共5小题,共10分。
    Hw d yu express gratitude in yur everyday life?Fr me,it smetimes feels wrrying:hand-writing hundreds f thank yu cards after an anniversary,r making sure t eat every last bite n my plate s my grandma wuldn't think I was ungrateful fr the meal.(1) ______ Here are sme tips abut hw t be better at shwing gratitude.
    Start a gratitude jurnal r write a letter.Make it a habit t put dwn the things that yu're thankful fr.(2) ______ There's als sme evidence that it culd lwer yur risk f heart disease and symptms f depressin fr sme peple.Think f smene in yur life wh yu have nt had the chance t thank.Think f a specific instance when they helped yu.Then,it's a gd idea t send them a letter.(3) ______
    ( 4) ______ Lk arund in yur immediate space,and take ntice f everything that makes up yur envirnment:the sky,the cl wind,the warmth f yur sweater.The act f simply nticing and naming things is a great way t stretch yur gratitude muscle as well as btain sme clarity n the strength f all the unique cnnectins in yur life.
    Bear in mind the difference between saying"thanks t"and"thanks fr".Being grateful "fr" smething can be a little unclear r general.(5) ______ It encurages specificity and reminds yu f yur cnnectin with and respnsibility t that persn r thing.
    A.Stretch yur gratitude muscle.
    B.Ntice the wrld surrunding yu.
    C.Better still,deliver it in persn and read it t them.
    D.A habitual gratitude jurnal will certainly benefit us.
    E.But experts say it desn't have t be that cmplicated.
    F.In fact,this habit reduces materialism and enhances genersity.
    G.Being grateful "t"smething r smene implies a direct relatinship.
    16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
    17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
    18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
    19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
    20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
    三、完形填空:本大题共20小题,共30分。
    When Kellie Barker welcmed her third child int the wrld,she nticed he behaved differently.Baby Oscar wuldn't wave r say"mama",and he'd(1) ______ hurt himself.
    Then at the age f tw,Oscar was diagnsed with autism (自闭症) and later extreme anxiety and ADHD(多动症).But that didn't(2) ______ the parents' lve fr him.(3) ______ ,they just regard being parents f an autistic child as"the mst challenging but(4) ______ jb".
    "Oscar is severely autistic and strngly(5) ______ by his nerve system.He can be in a very anxius state when he wakes up fr n reasn,and he prefers t see peple in(6) ______ mds," Kellie explained.T create a better(7) ______ fr Oscar,Kellie and Brendan always have t(8) ______ jyfully.They ften sing t each ther t prve they are happy and when there is(9) ______ ,they even quarrel in a high-pitched sing-sng vice.
    "Oscar(10) ______ us every day.He has a(11) ______ fr languages and he can nw speak Spanish,Russian and Krean, "Kellie said.
    But strangers haven't always been s(12) ______ — when Oscar was yung,ne man saw him and said, "I'd give him a(13) ______ if he were my child."
    ( 14) ______ by the negative feedback,Kellie(15) ______ her wn clthing cmpany,which prduces T-shirts printed with slgans like "be kind,I have autism" t(16) ______ peple that the kids need(17) ______ .The clthes are nw ppular amng thusands f families with autistic children.
    "Autism is a beautiful thing.Our little by wakes up mst days(18) ______ like it's Christmas mrning.I believe we are heading twards a(19) ______ in perspective(看法) and we still need t wrk tgether twards a cmmn gal f greater(20) ______ and understanding,"Kellie said.
    21.A. evenB. stillC. neverD. again
    22.A. strengthenB. changeC. shwD. return
    23.A. InsteadB. BesidesC. TherefreD. Hwever
    24.A. attractiveB. rewardingC. flexibleD. thrilling
    25.A. mtivatedB. discuragedC. affectedD. scared
    26.A. psitiveB. cnfidentC. seriusD. strange
    27.A. chanceB. methdC. atmsphereD. scene
    28.A. wrkB. perfrmC. behaveD. play
    29.A. dubtB. regretC. bredmD. disagreement
    30.A. amazesB. annysC. entertainsD. tricks
    31.A. tasteB. giftC. memryD. use
    32.A. surprisedB. curiusC. pickyD. kind
    33.A. hugB. handC. respnseD. lessn
    34.A. DefeatedB. GuidedC. InspiredD. Impressed
    35.A. tk verB. handed dwnC. set upD. gave away
    36.A. teachB. remindC. prmiseD. warn
    37.A. treatmentB. trustC. cmmunicatinD. care
    38.A. cnfusedB. cncernedC. relaxedD. excited
    39.A. cnclusinB. shiftC. differenceD. mistake
    40.A. acceptanceB. cmpanyC. cmpetitinD. cperatin
    四、语法填空:本大题共1小题,共15分。
    41.This year has seen many events in Chinese film industry.Hwever,the launch f the Yuku nn-barrier cinema is f special(1) ______ (significant).Accrding t reprts,anyne with a visual disability can register and enjy all the nn-barrier films in the nline cinema euvre(全部作品).
    It shuld be nted that there are ver 17 millin peple(2) ______ (suffer) frm visual disabilities in China alne.It's really hard fr us t imagine the disappintment(3) ______ the visually disabled peple wh knw there is a new film but can't watch it.
    That's why barrier-free films(4) ______ (appear),namely bradcasting the riginal film in a hall,(5) ______ a speaker explains its stryline t the visually disabled audience at the same time.Hwever,it's always(6) ______ (easy) said than dne.Funds are needed t rent a hall big enugh(7) ______ (supprt) audiences and wrk needs t be dne t infrm the targeted audiences.Therefre,mst dmestic barrier-free film studis are nn-prfitable.
    ( 8) ______ new media technlgies have made it pssible fr peple with visual disabilities t enjy the shw,a barrier-free cinema hall culd nly supprt abut 300 audiences at the mst.But a barrier-free film nline culd(9) ______ (hear) by maybe 3 millin.That enables mre f the visually disabled cmmunity t enjy films and enrich their(10) ______ (day) lives.
    (1)
    (2)
    (3)
    (4)
    (5)
    (6)
    (7)
    (8)
    (9)
    (10)
    五、短文改错:本大题共1小题,共10分。
    42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
    增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
    删除:把多余的词用斜线( \)划掉。
    修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
    注意:(1)每处错误及修改均仅限一词。
    (2)只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
    Like ther natural disaster,hurricanes can strike in many places.Thus,n matter where yu live in,yu may be at risk.As a matter f fact,whether it's first time yu've weathered a strm,r yu've grwn up in a hurricane area,knw hw t prepare fr a hurricane is quite imprtant.It usually mean the difference between majr destructin r minr wind damage.T stay safely during hurricanes,yu'd better planned ahead.Fr example,yu can sign up fr fld insurance,check the rf,putting away the utdr items and s n.The hurricane-prep tips will give them peace f mind when the disaster strikes.
    六、书面表达:本大题共1小题,共25分。
    43.假定你是李华,你的外国笔友 Frank想要提高中文写作水平,向你寻求建议。请给他回一封邮件,内容包括:
    (1)提出建议;
    (2)表达祝愿。
    注意:
    (1)词数 100左右;
    (2)可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
    (3)开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
    Dear Frank,
    ___________
    Yurs, Li Hua
    答案和解析
    1~3.【答案】C、B、D
    【解析】(1)数字计算题。根据原文Data Scientist部分中的关键句Average hurly wage: ﹩ 52.00(平均时薪:﹩ 52),和最后一句It's a big jb that generally requires eight wrking hurs a day and prfessinal skills in mathematics.(这是一项大工作,通常需要每天八个小时的工作时间和数学专业技能。)可知一个数据科学家平均每天能得到52*8=416美元。故选C。
    (2)细节理解题。根据原文Web Develper部分中的Mst f the wrk can be dne remtely,which is favred by yung peple.(大部分工作都可以远程完成,这受到了年轻人的青睐。)可知Web develper适合那些喜欢在家工作的人。故选B。
    (3)细节理解题。根据原文Chregrapher(编舞师)部分中的Maybe it's the ppularity f viral dance vides n TikTk that brings abut the increasing demand in recent years.(也许是TikTk上病毒式舞蹈视频的流行带来了近年来日益增长的需求。)可知由于社交媒体,编舞师越来越受欢迎。故选D。
    这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了2023年预计需求量较高的几个职业。
    阅读理解解题步骤:首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意,因为阅读理解题一般没有标题,所以,速读全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速读的过程中,应尽可能多地捕获信息材料;其次细读题材,各个击破,掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读每篇材料后的问题,弄清每题要求后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息,要善于抓住每段的主题句,阅读时,要有较强的针对性,对于捕获到的信息,要做认真分析,仔细推敲,理解透彻,只有这样,针对题目要求,才能做到稳、准。
    4~7.【答案】A、C、B、D
    【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据文章第二段She said, "I was searching fr a deeper interactin with nature and peple."Walking wuld minimize her carbn ftprint,plus the slw pace meant that she culd fully immerse herself in nature,and gain insights int ther cultures in a unique way.(她说,"我在寻找与自然和人类更深层次的互动。"步行可以最大限度地减少她的碳足迹,加上缓慢的节奏意味着她可以完全沉浸在大自然中,并以独特的方式了解其他文化。)可知玛德琳决定开始她的旅程,以更接近世界。故选A。
    (2)推理判断题。根据文章第四段Apart frm that,her slw pace allwed her t be drawn deeply int ther cultures(除此之外,她缓慢的步伐让她深深地被其他文化所吸引)可知梅德琳在旅途中体验了各种文化。故选C。
    (3)观点态度题。根据文章第三段she said,"I didn't stp because I was mre afraid f nt fllwing my heart than I was f lsing everything I wned and lved."(她说,"我没有停下来,因为我更害怕的是不跟随自己的内心,而不是失去我所拥有和热爱的一切。")可知玛德琳坚韧而富有冒险精神。A.Cautius and gentle.谨慎又温柔的;B.Tugh and adventurus.坚韧而富有冒险精神的;C.Ambitius and generus.雄心勃勃,慷慨大方的;D.Open-minded and humrus.豁达幽默的。故选B。
    (4)主旨大意题。根据文章第一段 "Why?" It's a simple questin that peple ask Angela Madeline frequently.After all,she began a jurney that very few peple wuld ever attempt:walk arund the wrld alne.("为什么?"这是人们经常问安吉拉•玛德琳的一个简单问题。毕竟,她开始了一段很少有人会尝试的旅程:独自环游世界。)可知短文主要讲述了一个女性独自环游世界的故事。因此本文的主旨大意是D.A wman walking arund the wrld.(一个环游世界的女人)。故选D。
    本文是一篇说明文。短文主要讲述了一个女性独自环游世界的故事。
    一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
    阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
    二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
    首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
    三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
    在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
    四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
    猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
    8~11.【答案】C、D、A、A
    【解析】(1)代词指代题。根据文章第二段If smene mves frm Australia t America t wrk,fr example,they will prbably at least change their accent in rder t get a better sense f belnging. This may be ut f a need r desire t be mre clearly understd and t be accepted in a new cmmunity.(例如,如果有人从澳大利亚搬到美国工作,为了获得更好的归属感,他们可能至少会改变自己的口音。这可能是出于在新的社区中被更清楚地理解和接受的需要或愿望。)可知this代指的是"口音的调整"。A.The desire t fit in.融入的欲望;B.The change f career.职业的转变;C.The adjustment f accents.口音的调整;D.The influence n language.对语言的影响。故选C。
    (2)细节理解题。根据文章第二段A cnscius r subcnscius desire t fit in can influence the way yu speak(有意或无意的合群愿望会影响你说话的方式)可知适应新环境的需要使得人们选择改变他们的口音。故选D。
    (3)推理判断题。根据文章最后一段In sme cases,listeners might lk dwn upn a persn with FAS as they believe them t be freigners(在某些情况下,听众可能会瞧不起患有FAS的人,因为他们认为他们是外国人。)可知患有FAS的人可以被视为外国人。故选A。
    (4)目的意图题。根据文章第一段Accents are a sign f belnging and smething that separates cmmunities.Yet we can prbably think f peple wh seem t have lst their accent and f thers whse accent stays firmly in place.Given the persnal and scial imprtance f hw smene speaks,why wuld anyne's accent change?(口音是归属感的标志,也是区分社区的东西。然而,我们可能会想到那些似乎失去了口音的人,以及那些口音还在的人。考虑到一个人说话方式对个人和社会的重要性,为什么会有人改变口音呢?)可知本文主要讲述了口音的变化原因。因此A.T explain the lss f accents.(解释口音的消失)是本文的写作目的。故选A。
    本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了口音的变化原因。
    一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
    阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
    二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
    首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
    三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
    在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
    四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
    猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
    12~15.【答案】D、A、B、D
    【解析】(1)段落大意题。根据文章第二段Nerve cells which were genetically engineered t prduce such prteins becme light-cntrlled.A flash f light culd cause a quiet neurn t send signals r frce an active neurn t fall silent. "This is the light sensr that we needed," says Zhu-Hua Pan(通过基因工程产生这种蛋白质的神经细胞变成了光控的。一道闪光可以让一个安静的神经元发出信号,或者迫使一个活跃的神经元陷入沉默。"这就是我们需要的光传感器,"潘卓华说)可知第二段主要讲绿藻的启发。故选D。
    (2)推理判断题。根据文章第三段 In Pan's lab,light-respnsive prtein s restred visin in mice with damaged eyesight,a finding that has nw led t a medical test n peple.(在潘的实验室中,光响应蛋白质恢复了视力受损小鼠的视力,这一发现现已导致在人身上进行医学试验。)可知根据潘的研究,受损的视力有可能得到恢复。故选A。
    (3)观点态度题。根据文章倒数第二段"We are definitely n the tip f uncvering sme fascinating principles f the human brain,such as hw the brain transfrms signals frm the eyes int perceptins, " says Yasmine f Clumbia University.(哥伦比亚大学的亚斯敏说:"我们无疑即将揭示人类大脑的一些令人着迷的原理,例如大脑如何将来自眼睛的信号转化为感知。")可知雅斯敏对她研究的未来充满信心。A.Cautius.谨慎的;B.Cnfident.自信的;C.Critical.批评的;D.Unclear.不清楚的。故选B。
    (4)文章出处题。根据文章最后一段N matter what happens next in this swiftly mving field,ne thing is certain:Brain scientists will be frever in the algae's debt.(无论这个快速发展的领域接下来会发生什么,有一件事是肯定的:大脑科学家将永远欠海藻的债。)可知短文主要讲述了科学家们如何从绿藻中发现了能感知光的蛋白质,并利用这些蛋白质进行神经元的控制。说明本文是关于发明创造的。A.Health.健康;B.Btany.植物学;C.Figure.人物;D.Inventin.发明。故选D。
    本文是一篇说明文。短文主要讲述了科学家们如何从绿藻中发现了能感知光的蛋白质,并利用这些蛋白质进行神经元的控制。
    一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
    阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
    二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
    首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
    三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
    在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
    四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
    猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
    16~20.【答案】E、D、C、B、G
    【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据前句Hw d yu express gratitude in yur everyday life?Fr me,it smetimes feels wrrying:hand-writing hundreds f thank yu cards after an anniversary,r making sure t eat every last bite n my p late s my grandma wuldn't think I was ungrateful fr the meal(你在日常生活中如何表达感激之情?对我来说,这有时会让我感到担忧:在一周年纪念日后亲手写上数百张感谢卡,或者确保晚餐时候吃完我盘子里的最后一口食物,这样我奶奶就不会认为我对这顿饭不感恩了);以及后句Here are sme tips abut hw t be better at shwing gratitude(以下是一些关于如何更好地表达感激之情的提示),可知表示"但专家表示,事情不必那么复杂"的选项E可以承接前文介绍自己表达感恩方式,引出后文介绍更为简单的感恩方式,故选E。
    (2)推理判断题。根据前句Start a gratitude jurnal r write a letter.Make it a habit t put dwn the things that yu're thankful fr(写一本感恩日记或写一封信。养成把你感激的事情写下来的习惯),可知表示"一本习惯性的感恩日记肯定会对我们有益"的选项D可以承接前文写一本感恩日记的话题,介绍写一本感恩日记的好处,故选D。
    (3)推理判断题。根据前句Think f smene in yur life wh yu have nt had the chance t thank.Think f a specific instance when they helped yu.Then,it's a gd idea t send them a letter(想想你生活中没有机会感谢的人。想想他们帮助你的具体例子。然后,给他们写信是个好主意),可知表示"更好的做法是,亲自交给他们,并读给他们听"的选项C可以承接前文给要感谢的人写信的建议,构成递进关系---亲自交给他们,并读给他们听,故选C。
    (4)主题判断题。根据后句Lk arund in yur immediate space,and take ntice f everything that makes up yur envirnment:the sky,the cl wind,the warmth f yur sweater(环顾你的周围空间,注意构成你周围环境的一切:天空、凉爽的风、毛衣的温暖),可知表示"注意你周围的世界"的选项B可以作为本段的主题---注意周围的世界,故选B。
    (5)推理判断题。根据前句Bear in mind the difference between saying"thanks t"and"thanks fr".Being grateful "fr" smething can be a little unclear r general(请记住说"对说谢谢"和"因为说谢谢"之间的区别。对某事表示感激可能有点不清楚或笼统),可知表示"对某事或某人心存感激意味着一种直接的关系"的选项G可以承接前文"thanks t"and"thanks fr"的介绍,和fr呼应,这里介绍t,故选G。
    这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了在日常生活中表达感激之情的几个简单方法。
    这个题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系,理解句子之间、段落之间的关系,对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。所以懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有帮助。
    21~40.【答案】A、B、A、B、C、A、C、C、D、A、B、D、D、C、C、B、D、D、B、A
    【解析】(1)考查副词及语境理解。A.even甚至;B.still仍然;C.never绝不;D.again再次。根据上句Baby Oscar wuldn't wave r say"mama"可知小奥斯卡不会挥手或说"妈妈",他甚至会伤到自己。故答案为A。
    (2)考查动词及语境理解。A.strengthen加强;B.change改变;C.shw展示;D.return回来。根据后文They ften sing t each ther t prve they are happy and when there is(9),they even quarrel in a high-pitched sing-sng vice.可知他们经常互相唱歌来证明他们是幸福的,当有分歧时,他们甚至会用高亢的歌声争吵。说明这并没有改变父母对他的爱。故答案为B。
    (3)考查副词及语境理解。A.Instead相反;B.Besides除了;C.Therefre因此;D.Hwever然而。根据上句Then at the age f tw,Oscar was diagnsed with autism (自闭症) and later extreme anxiety and ADHD(两岁时,奥斯卡被诊断患有自闭症,后来又患有极度焦虑和多动症)和下句they just regard being parents f an autistic child as"the mst challenging but(4)jb(他们只是认为作为自闭症儿童的父母是"最具挑战性但却有回报的工作"。)可知前后句是相反的。故答案为A。
    (4)考查形容词及语境理解。A.attractive有吸引力的;B.rewarding奖励的,有回报的;C.flexible灵活的;D.thrilling令人兴奋的。相反,他们只是认为作为自闭症儿童的父母是"最具挑战性但却有回报的工作"。故答案为B。
    (5)考查动词及语境理解。A.mtivated激励;B.discuraged使气馁;C.affected影响;D.scared吓唬。根据上句Oscar is severely autistic可知奥斯卡患有严重的自闭症,并受到他的神经系统的强烈影响。故答案为C。
    (6)考查形容词及语境理解。A.psitive积极的;B.cnfident自信的;C.serius严重的;D.strange奇怪的。根据下句T create a better(7)fr Oscar,Kellie and Brendan always have t(8)jyfully.可知为了给奥斯卡创造一个更好的氛围,凯利和布伦丹总是要表现得很开心。。说明他更喜欢看到人们情绪积极。故答案为A。
    (7)考查名词及语境理解。A.chance机会;B.methd方法;C.atmsphere气氛;D.scene场景。根据下句Kellie and Brendan always have t(8)jyfully.可知凯利和布伦丹总是要表现得很开心。说明是为了给奥斯卡创造一个更好的氛围,故答案为C。
    (8)考查动词及语境理解。A.wrk工作;B.perfrm表现;C.behave举止;D.play玩。根据下句They ften sing t each ther t prve they are happy可知他们经常互相唱歌来证明他们是幸福的。说明凯利和布伦丹总是要表现得很开心。故答案为C。
    (9)考查名词及语境理解。A.dubt怀疑;B.regret后悔;C.bredm乏味;D.disagreement不同意。根据下句they even quarrel in a high-pitched sing-sng vice.可知他们甚至会用高亢的歌声争吵。说明他们有分歧。故答案为D。
    (10)考查动词及语境理解。A.amazes使惊讶;B.annys使生气;C.entertains娱乐;D.tricks欺骗。根据下句He has a(11)fr languages and he can nw speak Spanish,Russian and Krean可知他有语言天赋,现在能说西班牙语、俄语和韩语。说明他使我们非常惊讶。故答案为A。
    (11)考查名词及语境理解。A.taste口味;B.gift天赋;C.memry记忆;D.use使用。根据空后fr languages and he can nw speak Spanish,Russian and Krean可知他有语言天赋,现在能说西班牙语、俄语和韩语。故答案为B。
    (12)考查形容词及语境理解。A.surprised惊讶的;B.curius好奇的;C.picky挑剔的;D.kind善良的。根据下句when Oscar was yung,ne man saw him and said, "I'd give him a(13)if he were my child."可知当奥斯卡年轻的时候,一个男人看到他,说:"如果他是我的孩子,我会给他一个教训。"说明陌生人并不总是这么友好。故答案为D。
    (13)考查动词及语境理解。A.hug拥抱;B.hand手;C.respnse回复;D.lessn课。根据前文Then at the age f tw,Oscar was diagnsed with autism (自闭症) and later extreme anxiety and ADHD可知两岁时,奥斯卡被诊断患有自闭症,后来又患有极度焦虑和多动症。说明如果他是我的孩子,我会给他一个教训。故答案为D。
    (14)考查动词及语境理解。A.Defeated打败;B.Guided指导;C.Inspired鼓励;D.Impressed留下印象。根据下句The clthes are nw ppular amng thusands f families with autistic children.可知这种衣服现在在成千上万有自闭症儿童的家庭中很受欢迎。说明受到负面反馈的启发,凯利建立了她自己的服装公司生产印有"善待他人故答案为C。
    (15)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.tk ver接管;B.handed dwn传下来;C.set up建立;D.gave away赠与。根据空后her wn clthing cmpany,which prduces T-shirts printed with slgans like "be kind可知凯利建立了她自己的服装公司生产印有"善待他人,故答案为C。
    (16)考查动词及语境理解。A.teach教;B.remind提醒;C.prmise许诺;D.warn警告。根据空后the kids need(17)可知凯利建立了她自己的服装公司生产印有"善待他人,我有自闭症"等标语的t恤,以提醒人们孩子们需要关爱。故答案为B。
    (17)考查名词及语境理解。A.treatment治疗;B.trust信任;C.cmmunicatin交流;D.care关心。根据下句The clthes are nw ppular amng thusands f families with autistic children.可知这种衣服现在在成千上万有自闭症儿童的家庭中很受欢迎。说明自闭症的孩子们需要关爱。故答案为D。
    (18)考查形容词及语境理解。A.cnfused困惑的;B.cncerned关心的;C.relaxed放松的;D.excited兴奋的。根据空后like it's Christmas mrning可知我们的小男孩大部分时间都兴奋地醒来,就像圣诞节的早晨一样。故答案为D。
    (19)考查名词及语境理解。A.cnclusin总结;B.shift切换,转变;C.difference不同;D.mistake错误。根据下句we still need t wrk tgether twards a cmmn gal f greater(20)and understanding可知我们仍然需要为更大的接受和理解这一共同目标而共同努力。说明我相信我们正朝着观念的转变前进,故答案为B。
    (20)考查名词及语境理解。A.acceptance接受;B.cmpany公司;C.cmpetitin比赛;D.cperatin合作。根据下句The clthes are nw ppular amng thusands f families with autistic children.可知这种衣服现在在成千上万有自闭症儿童的家庭中很受欢迎。说明我们仍然需要为更大的接受和理解这一共同目标而共同努力。故答案为A。
    本文是一篇记叙文。短文主要讲述了Kellie Barker的儿子Oscar被诊断出患有自闭症、极度焦虑和多动症,但父母对他的爱没有改变。
    完形填空题的解题步骤:
    1.通读全文,理解大意。重视首句信息,跳过空格,浏览全文,从整体上感知全文,理解文章大意,这是解题的基础。
    2.瞻前顾后,避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下,结合各选项的意义和用法,遵循先易后难的原则,先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题,暂时跳过,或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示,或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
    3.复读全文,解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格,对全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
    4.再次复读,弥补疏漏,全部做好后,务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容,确保全文文意连贯。
    41.【答案】【小题1】significance
    【小题2】suffering
    【小题3】f
    【小题4】appeared
    【小题5】where
    【小题6】easier
    【小题7】t supprt
    【小题8】Althugh
    【小题9】be heard
    【小题10】daily
    【解析】(1)考查不可数名词。句意:然而,优酷无障碍影院的推出具有特殊的意义。此处用名词作介词f的宾语,表示"意义",为不可数名词,故填significance。
    (2)考查现在分词。句意:应当指出的是,仅在中国就有1700多万人患有视觉残疾。句中已有谓语动词are,此处为非谓语动词作定语,peple与suffer之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作定语,故填suffering。
    (3)考查介词。句意:我们真的很难想象那些知道有新电影但却看不下去的视障人士的失望。结合句意可知,the disappintment与the visually disabled peple之间是所属关系,故此处用介词f,故填f。
    (4)考查动词时态。句意:这就是为什么出现了无障碍电影,即在大厅里播放原始电影,演讲者同时向视障观众解释故事情节。结合句意可知,此处在讲述过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时,故填appeared。
    (5)考查定语从句。句意:这就是为什么出现了无障碍电影,即在大厅里播放原始电影,演讲者同时向视障观众解释故事情节。此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为hall,在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
    (6)考查比较级。句意:然而,说起来总是容易做起来难。结合句意和than可知,此处用比较级,故填easier。
    (7)考查动词不定式。句意:需要资金来租用一个足够大的大厅来支持观众,还需要为目标观众提供信息。enugh t d表示"足够做某事",故填t supprt。
    (8)考查让步状语从句。句意:尽管新媒体技术使视障人士有可能欣赏这场演出,但一个无障碍电影院最多只能容纳约300名观众。结合句意可知,此处表示"尽管",引导让步状语从句,且首字母大写,故填Althugh。
    (9)考查语态。句意:但一部无障碍的在线电影可能会有300万人观看。结合句意可知,主语a barrier-free film nline与hear之间是被动关系,且空前有can,故填be heard。
    (10)考查形容词。句意:这使更多的视障群体能够欣赏电影,丰富他们的日常生活。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词life,故填daily。
    本文为说明文,主要讲述了无障碍影院的推出具有特殊的意义。
    在一篇200词左右的语篇(短文或对话)中留出10处空白,部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式,所填写词语不得多于3个单词。要做好语法填空题,理解短文是解题的前提,扎实的词汇、句型和语法知识是基础,英语国家的背景知识是必要的补充。考生须灵活运用语法知识,如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。答完后,还要通读全文,核对所填单词形式是否正确,是否符合语境。
    42.【答案】Like ther natural disaster,hurricanes can strike in many places.Thus,n matter where yu live in,yu may be at risk.As a matter f fact,whether it's ∧ first time yu've weathered a strm,r yu've grwn up in a hurricane area, knw hw t prepare fr a hurricane is quite imprtant.It usually mean the difference between majr destructin r minr wind damage.T stay safely during hurricanes,yu'd better planned ahead.Fr example,yu can sign up fr fld insurance,check the rf, putting away the utdr items and s n.The hurricane-prep tips will give them peace f mind when the disaster strikes.
    详解:
    (1)考查可数名词复数。句意:像其他自然灾害一样,飓风可以袭击许多地方。disaster是可数名词,表示不止一种,要用复数形式。故disaster改为disasters。
    (2)考查词语用法。句意:因此,无论你住在哪里,你都可能处于危险之中。live是不及物动词,其后没有接宾语,不需要介词in。故去掉live后in。
    (3)考查定冠词。句意:事实上,无论是你第一次经历风暴,还是你在飓风区长大,知道如何为飓风做准备是非常重要的。first是序数词,其前加the表示特指。故first前加the。
    (4)考查动名词。句意:事实上,无论是你第一次经历风暴,还是你在飓风区长大,知道如何为飓风做准备是非常重要的。句中缺少主语,要用动名词短语knwing hw t prepare fr a hurricane作主语。故knw改为knwing。
    (5)考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:它通常意味着严重破坏和轻微风害的区别。因表示的是一般事实,要用一般现在时,主语it是单数,谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式。故mean改为means。
    (6)考查固定搭配。句意:它通常意味着严重破坏和轻微风害的区别。between ..."在……与……之间",是固定搭配。故r改为and。
    (7)考查形容词。句意:为了在飓风期间保持安全,你最好提前计划。stay是连系动词,后接形容词safe作表语。故safely改为safe。
    (8)考查动词原形。句意:为了在飓风期间保持安全,你最好提前计划。had better"最好",后接动词原形。故planned改为plan。
    (9)考查谓语动词。句意:例如,你可以报名参加洪水保险,检查屋顶,收起户外物品等等。sign up fr fld insurance,check the rf,put away the utdr items是并列谓语,在情态动词can后都用动词原形。故putting改为put。
    (10)考查代词。句意:当灾难来袭时,这些防备飓风的小贴士会让你心安理得。本文用yu表示泛指,此处也应是yu表示泛指。故them改为yu。
    【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了经历飓风时的注意事项。为了在飓风期间保持安全,你最好提前计划,例如,你可以报名参加洪水保险,检查屋顶,收起户外物品等等。
    高考短文改错题的形式有说明文,短文故事,书信等,具有很强的实用性.短文的内容和语言都符合高中学生的实际,从表面上看类似一篇学生习作.首先,通读全文,了解短文大意,把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑,在通读全文时把一些容易的错误先改好,再进行逐句改错.其次,要进行逐个句子的改错.这是要对文中的词法、句法和语篇着重分析和特别注意.最后把改好的短文再阅读一遍,检查答案是否正确,感觉是否还有不妥之处,最终形成定稿。
    43.【答案】Dear Frank,
    I'm srry t hear that yu're having truble imprving yur Chinese writing.I'm mre than glad t ffer yu sme suggestins.(写信目的)
    T begin with,a gd way t imprve wiring is t read ther peple's articles.If yu read plenty f gd Chinese articles,yu will learn hw skillful writers use Chinese t express themselves and present infrmatin in an excellent way.【高分句型一】Thus,yu can imprve yur ability t use the language.Additinally,yu shuld imprve yur writing by practicing.Keeping a diary is a wise chice.It is natural that the beginners make mistakes while writing. 【高分句型二】But dn't wrry.Finding ut why yu made the mistakes will help yu avid the same mistakes and enable yu t write better.(提出建议)
    I hpe that/Hpefully,the advice wuld be helpful t yu.(表达祝愿)
    Yurs, Li Hua
    【解析】高分句型一:If yu read plenty f gd Chinese articles,yu will learn hw skillful writers use Chinese t express themselves and present infrmatin in an excellent way.
    译文:如果你读了很多好的中文文章,你会学到熟练的作家如何用中文来表达自己,并以一种出色的方式呈现信息。
    分析:这句话使用了If引导的条件状语从句。
    高分句型二:It is natural that the beginners make mistakes while writing.
    译文:初学者在写作时犯错误是很自然的。
    分析:这句话使用了it作为形式主语,that引导的主语从句,while引导的时间状语从句的省略句。
    这是一篇提纲类作文,需要写的内容已经给出,但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译,而是要添加些内容,使文章看起来更充实,要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文,一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题,给出的要点都需要包括,缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态,上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑关系,不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式,同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数,不要太多也不要太少。
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