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新教材2024届高考英语二轮专项分层特训卷第一部分专题强化练专题一阅读理解高考真题典例二推理判断题（附解析）
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这是一份新教材2024届高考英语二轮专项分层特训卷第一部分专题强化练专题一阅读理解高考真题典例二推理判断题（附解析），共6页。
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancercausing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ecmachine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ecmachine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuselike facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1，600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ecmachine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr，” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what's happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t selfrepair.”
1．What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．He was fnd f traveling. B．He enjyed being alne.
C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He lnged t be a dctr.
2．Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A．T feed the animals. B．T build an ecsystem.
C．T prtect the plants. D．T test the ecmachine.
3．What is the authr's purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A．T review Jhn's research plans. B．T shw an applicatin f Jhn's idea.
C．T cmpare Jhn's different jbs. D．T erase dubts abut Jhn's inventin.
4．What is the basis fr Jhn's wrk?
A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water t survive.
C．Life n Earth is diverse. D．Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
eq \x(Passage 2)
[2023·新课标Ⅱ，D]
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu're lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it's unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human wellbeing.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred parkgers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant's experience f “Wesatandlistenedtthewavesatthebeachfrawhile” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We're trying t generate a language that helps bring the humannature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it，” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
5．What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A．Pcket parks are nw ppular. B．Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C．Many cities are verppulated. D．Peple enjy living clse t nature.
6．Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?
A．T cmpare different types f parkgers. B．T explain why the park attracts turists.
C．T analyze the main features f the park. D．T find patterns in the visitrs' summaries.
7．What can we learn frm the example given in Paragraph 5?
A．Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B.Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different frms.
D.The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
8．What shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?
A．Language study. B．Envirnmental cnservatin.
C．Public educatin. D．Intercultural cmmunicatin.
[答题区]
高考真题典例（二） 推理判断题
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jhn Tdd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用大自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making. （当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始想知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的垃圾）”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria （细菌）？ Which kinds f fish can eat cancercausing chemicals? （在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？）”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge. （几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去）”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ecmachine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. （他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就完全被消化了，只剩下纯净水）”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
3．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuselike facility that treated sewage （污水） frm 1，600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ecmachine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China. （这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1 600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水）”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
4．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what's happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t selfrepair. （你把微生物放在新的关系中，并观察要发生的事情。然后让这些新系统形成它们自己的自我修复的方式）”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。
5．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu're lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it's unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.（随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的）”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
6．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。题干问的是研究人员将参与者提交的文件分类的原因。根据第四段第一句话“Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries... began t emerge.（在320份提交的材料中，一种被研究人员称为‘自然语言’的类别模式开始出现）”可知，研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故选D。
7．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break. （命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式）”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
8．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘We're trying t generate a language that helps bring the humannature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it，’ said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study. （‘我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，’该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。）”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
题号
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3
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7
8
答案
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancercausing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ecmachine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ecmachine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuselike facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1，600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ecmachine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr，” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what's happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t selfrepair.”
1．What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．He was fnd f traveling. B．He enjyed being alne.
C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He lnged t be a dctr.
2．Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A．T feed the animals. B．T build an ecsystem.
C．T prtect the plants. D．T test the ecmachine.
3．What is the authr's purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A．T review Jhn's research plans. B．T shw an applicatin f Jhn's idea.
C．T cmpare Jhn's different jbs. D．T erase dubts abut Jhn's inventin.
4．What is the basis fr Jhn's wrk?
A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water t survive.
C．Life n Earth is diverse. D．Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
eq \x(Passage 2)
[2023·新课标Ⅱ，D]
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu're lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it's unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human wellbeing.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred parkgers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant's experience f “Wesatandlistenedtthewavesatthebeachfrawhile” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We're trying t generate a language that helps bring the humannature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it，” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
5．What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A．Pcket parks are nw ppular. B．Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C．Many cities are verppulated. D．Peple enjy living clse t nature.
6．Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?
A．T cmpare different types f parkgers. B．T explain why the park attracts turists.
C．T analyze the main features f the park. D．T find patterns in the visitrs' summaries.
7．What can we learn frm the example given in Paragraph 5?
A．Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B.Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different frms.
D.The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
8．What shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?
A．Language study. B．Envirnmental cnservatin.
C．Public educatin. D．Intercultural cmmunicatin.
[答题区]
高考真题典例（二） 推理判断题
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jhn Tdd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用大自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making. （当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始想知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的垃圾）”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria （细菌）？ Which kinds f fish can eat cancercausing chemicals? （在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？）”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge. （几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去）”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ecmachine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. （他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就完全被消化了，只剩下纯净水）”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
3．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuselike facility that treated sewage （污水） frm 1，600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ecmachine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China. （这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1 600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水）”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
4．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what's happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t selfrepair. （你把微生物放在新的关系中，并观察要发生的事情。然后让这些新系统形成它们自己的自我修复的方式）”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。
5．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu're lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it's unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.（随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的）”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
6．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。题干问的是研究人员将参与者提交的文件分类的原因。根据第四段第一句话“Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries... began t emerge.（在320份提交的材料中，一种被研究人员称为‘自然语言’的类别模式开始出现）”可知，研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故选D。
7．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break. （命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式）”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
8．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘We're trying t generate a language that helps bring the humannature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it，’ said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study. （‘我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，’该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。）”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
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