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高考英语一轮复习小题强化练习专题09名词性从句（含解析）
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这是一份高考英语一轮复习小题强化练习专题09名词性从句（含解析），共19页。试卷主要包含了 what 2等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题09 名词性从句
限时：（ 35分钟）
（基础题）
1. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started ________ was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
2. It is calculated ________ European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
3. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show ________ they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater..
4. This ability to recognize ________ a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference.
5. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is ________ the honey guide takes its share.
6. It’s jaw-dropping________ much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
7. A computer system will analyze the video to determine ________ a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes.
8. The ability to accurately understand ________ others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.
9. The realization ________ this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
10. I could have made six salads with ________ I threw out.
11. It is our hope ________ in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
12. The next step according to the researchers, is to try and work out ________ the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
13. I had no idea about ________ I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it.
14. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me ________ in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.
15. Write a poem about________ courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
16. ________ people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still.
17. This research overturns the popular view ________all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.
18. I count twelve shades of green from ________ I stand.
19. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed ________ the cubs weren't there.
20. Soon, however, they realized ________ they had undertaken.
21. There’s a welcome familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion ________ time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s ________ makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
22. The deadlines and ________ you need to apply depend on the program.
23. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see ________ news the night might bring.
24. The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “Drive LAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover ________ the key stress points are.
25. What I’m hoping to accomplish is ________ my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore.
26. I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I’ve done 89 trips — of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s ________ long they last.
27. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about ________ to do next.
28. He and I both knew ________ the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it.
29. If I had to make just one recommendation for ________to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel.
30. But ________ began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.
31. You probably know ________ Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.
32. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, ________ do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
33. What do you do for a living?", you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of ________ it is you're talking to.
34. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on ________ to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day.
35. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is ________ dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
36. Also, ask ________ kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.
37. When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning ________ to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go.
38. Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. ________finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
39. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰)in his open office, he said, “That’s _______ I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "
Key: 1. what 2. that 3. whether/if 4. that 5. when 6. how 7. whether/if 8. how 9. that 10. what 11. that 12. whether 13. what 14. that 15. how 16. What 17. that 18. where 19. that 20. what 21. that; what 22. what 23. what 24. where 25. that 26. how 27. what 28. what 29. where 30. what 31. who 32. what 33. whomever 34. how 35. where 36. what 37. how 38. Whoever 39. why
（能力题）
1. (2021新高考一卷)_______is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
2. (2019全国一卷)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
3. (2018·11月浙江高考)It is possible ________ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
4. (2017·天津高考改编)She asked me________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
5. (2016·北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is________ one can be entirely free from dust.
6. (2016·天津高考改编)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
7. (2016·江苏高考改编)It is often the case________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
8. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
9. (2018·北京高考改编)This is ________ my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
10. (2018·北京高考改编)Without his support, we wouldn't be________ we are now.
11. (2018·天津高考改编)The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
12. (2018·江苏高考改编)By boat is the only way to get here, which is________we arrived.
13. (2017·北京高考改编)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
14. (2017·北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing________she was heading.
15. (2017·江苏高考改编)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of________it used to charge.
16. (2016·北京高考改编)Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.
17. (2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
18. (2014·广东高考)I didn't understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.
答案：
1. 解析：what 分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句， 从句为主语从句，缺少主语，指代事物内容，故答案为what。
2. 解析：that 分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，空格处引导词引导同位语从句，且在从句中不做任何成分，只起到连接作用，无意义，故答案为that。
3. 解析：that 分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
4. 解析：whether/if 句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认说我还没有还。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用；又根据句意可知此处表示“是否”，故用whether或if引导宾语从句。
5. 解析：that 句意：雨季最令人高兴的事情就是人们可以完全远离灰尘。分析句子结构可知，本句包含一个表语从句，且表语从句中句子结构完整，故使用that引导表语从句，that在表语从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。
6. 解析：that 句意：经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，故填that。
7. 解析：that 句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分且意思完整，故使用that引导。
8. 解析：who 分析句子成分，空格处作从句的主语，根据后面的“me or the female gorilla”可知，作者把自己和大猩猩作对比，表示“我不知道我和大猩猩谁更害怕”，故填who。
9. 解析：what 句意：这就是父亲教给我的——永远面对困难并且寄予最大的希望。表语从句中动词taught缺少直接宾语， 且表示“……的东西”，故填what。
10. 解析：where 句意：要是没有他的帮助，我们就不会是现在的情形了。空处引导表语从句，表示的是具有抽象意义的地点，故用where引导。
11. 解析：whoever 句意：这块金牌将颁发给在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。从句中缺主语且表示“人”，因此填whoever引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。
12. 解析：how 句意：坐船是到达这里唯一的方式，我们就是这样来的。how 引导表语从句，表示方式。
13. 解析：whoever 句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮风筝的人将会获奖。根据句子结构和句意可知，主语从句中缺少表示人的主语，故填whoever。
14. 解析：where 句意：简在绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，不知道她要去哪里。本句考查名词性从句中的宾语从句，根据句意和句子结构可知，宾语从句中缺少表示地点的连词， 故填where。
15. 解析：what 句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一半。此处考查宾语从句的引导词，在of后面what既引导宾语从句，又在从句中作charge的宾语。
16. 解析：Whatever 句意：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，你们做的任何事情都有帮助。根据句意和结构可知，whatever引导的是主语从句，主语从句中缺少谓语动词do的宾语，表示事物， 故用Whatever引导。
17. 解析： how 分析句子结构可知，空格处是一个宾语从句。空格后的thick为形容词，因此空格处应用副词，故填how。
18. 解析：why 根据语境可知，“我”不知道/不明白为什么会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用why引导宾语从句。
（真题/新题）
模块综合练09（2022年1月（浙江卷））
一、阅读理解
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn't take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, "When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals. *'
1．Why did Merebeth changed her job?
A．She wanted to work near her home.
B．She was tired of working in the office.
C．Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D．Her former employer was out of business.
2．The word "wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to _________?
A．make money. B．try various jobs.
C．be close to nature. D．travel to different places.
3．What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A．She has chances to see rare animals.
B．She works hard throughout the year.
C．She relies on herself the whole time.
D．She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they put it to more uses than anyone else. "
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.
4．What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity?
A．It is closely linked to the steam age.
B．It began earlier than proper thought.
C．It is a little-studied period of history.
D．It will come to an end sooner or later.
5．What can be inferred about Ned?
A．He was born in New York City. B．He wrote many increasing stories,
C．He created an electricity company. D．He lived mainly in the 19th century.
6．What is the text?
A．A biography. B．A book review. C．A short story. D．A science report.
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. "
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
7．What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?
A．Positive effects of doing exercises.
B．Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C．Experimental studies on diseases.
D．Advantages of sporty woman over man
8．Why did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise?
A．To predict their maximum heart rate.
B．To assess their cardiovascular capacity
C．To change their habits of working out
D．To detect their potential health problems
9．What do we know about Dr Horder's study?
A．It aimed to find a cure for dementia.
B．Data collection was a lengthy process.
C．Some participants withdrew from it.
D．The results were far from satisfactory.
10．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B．Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D．Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
二、七选五
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. ____11____
Pick the most important.
____12____ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. ____13____ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.
____14____
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. ____15____ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A．Speed up.
B．Be an active learner.
C．Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D．Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E．The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F．Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G．This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
三、完形填空
When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year, she started having problems with her ___16___ , notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply ___17___ a terrible experience, " Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my ___18___ was affected. "
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had ___19___ problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in ___20___. " Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so ___21___ she said. " But more and more are suffering and lives are being ___22___.
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research, ___23___ at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The research team ___24___ Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done_____25_____ work on eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope, Ms. Burdeyney began raising _____26_____ for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. _____27_____ she has raised $ 110, 000 with another $40, 000 _____28_____ .
"I'm trying to get more and more people to _____29_____ that there are solutions（解决办法）said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after _____30_____ . "I say there is no old _____31_____ , there's only neglect （忽视）. Don't stand _____32_____ , do something about it. "
Ms. Burdeyney _____33_____ that she is hoping to do more for the research project. "I just want to bring _____34_____ into people eyes and this is just the _____35_____. There is still a long way to go"
16．A．throat B．skin C．lungs D．eyes
17．A．getting over B．going through C．holding on D．passing down
18．A．story B．treatment C．life D．relationship
19．A．similar B．various C．personal D．special
20．A．turn B．peace C．vain D．silence
21．A．unbearable B．abnormal C．insignificant D．disturbing
22．A．compromised B．forgotten C．substituted D．separated
23．A．course B．program C．paper D．conference
24．A．informed B．doubted C．included D．dismissed
25．A．part-time B．controversial C．voluntary D．ground-breaking
26．A．money B．standards C．awareness D．questions
27．A．As ever B．So far C．In return D．Once again
28．A．wasted B．donated C．expected D．earned
29．A．imagine B．confirm C．remember D．understand
30．A．retirement B．childbirth C．graduation D．marriage
31．A．time B．rule C．age D．tale
32．A．straight B．still C．firm D．alone
33．A．commented B．learned C．reminded D．added
34．A．light B．joy C．color D．beauty
35．A．future B．beginning C．truth D．meaning
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___36___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ____37____（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others ____38____ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ____39____（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _____40_____（rough） 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ____41____ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ___42___ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___43___ time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the ____44____ （invite）. That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans _______45_______（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Merebeth从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专家。
1．D推理判断题。根据第一段中“The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.（她曾在一家房地产公司做了10年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。 公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作）”，可知，Merebeth之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。
2．D词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers.（她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。 她风雨无阻地旅行）”，可知，划线词的意思是“渴望去不同的地方旅行”。故选D。
3．C推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.（当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己的世界里。 我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）”，可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选C。
【解析】本文是说明文。文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系。
4．A推理判断题。根据第二段“It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions.”（我很好奇，竟然没有人把蒸汽和电力革命的历史放在一起。）可知，在Klein看来，电力时代和蒸汽时代是有很紧密的联系的。故选A。
5．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime.”（为了编织他的故事，Klein创造了一个人物Ned，它是对美国蒸汽和电力革命在一个人的整个人生中的进程的神奇的见证。）和第四段“Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity.”（同时，在19世纪，电力从好奇变成了根需。）可知，Ned见证了蒸汽时代和电力革命，所以他应该是生活在19世纪。故选D。
6．B推理判断题。根据最后一段“To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.”（为了构建他的故事，克莱因创造了奈德这个角色，一个虚构的人物，在一个人的一生中见证了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步。这是一种有助于将长篇故事变得有趣的技巧。）可知，这篇文章是一篇书评。故选B。
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了经常锻炼的中年女性在老年时罹患失智症的几率会大大降低。
7．A细节理解题。根据文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）可知，第一段提到了健身锻炼的好处。故选A项。
8．B细节理解题。根据上文“These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”（这些发现令人兴奋，因为在中年时改善人们的心血管健康可能会延缓甚至防止他们患上痴呆症。）以及本段“For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak cardiovascular capacity.”（在这项研究中，191名平均年龄为50岁的女性进行了自行车运动测试，直到她们精疲力竭，以测量她们的心血管峰值能力。）可知，做这项实验的目的是为了测试女性的心血管峰值能力。故选B项。
9．B细节理解题。根据文章第五段“These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades.”（这些女性在随后的四十年里测试了六次失智症状况。）可知，此次实验的数据收集是一个长期的过程。故选B项。
10．C推理判断题。根据文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）以及文章后面几段通过列举实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大大降低。故选C项。
【解析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。
11．F上文“I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.( 我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，让我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松)”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松，根据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help you make the most of your time”与上文“to make the most of every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建议，因此F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。
12．D根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.( 把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上)”说明要挑选一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的“the most important”一致，下文是对“Make choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选D。
13．C上文“Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.( 许多人疯狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间)”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好时间，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.( 找到一种结合的方式来享受它们)”说明可以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C项“不要试图在它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。
14．B空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. (你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法)”可推断，本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。
15．G下文“Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.( 每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起来就是一个大的胜利)”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence.( 在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在)”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个遭受眼睛问题之苦的Burdeyney女士积极为研究项目提供帮助以寻求解决方法的故事。
16．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始有眼睛问题，明显的干涩和不适。A. throat喉咙；B. skin皮肤；C. lungs肺；D. eyes眼睛。根据第八空前面的句子“Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research”（最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划）可知，她有眼睛问题，故选D项。
17．B考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我只是在经历一段糟糕的体验。A. get over克服；B. go through经历；C. hold on坚持；D. pass down传递下去。根据语境可知，她遭受眼睛问题，这是一段糟糕的经历，故选B项。
18．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到如此无助和不安，因为我的生活质量受到了影响。A. story故事；B. treatment治疗，对待；C. life生命，生活；D. relationship关系。主人公遭受眼部之苦，生活质量自然会被影响，故选C项。
19．A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地受苦。A. similar相似的；B. various多种多样的；C. personal私人的；D. special特别的。跟与自己有相同问题的人交谈并发现问题，符合语境逻辑，故选A项。
20．D 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地受苦。A. in turn轮流；B. in peace和平地；C. in vain徒劳地；D. in silence默默地。根据后句“Nobody chooses to talk about it”（没有人想谈论它）可知，他们很多人保持了沉默，故选D项。
21．C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说没有人选择谈论它因为这看起来没有意义。A. unbearable无法忍受的；B. abnormal不正常的；C. insignificant无意义的；D. disturbing扰人的。他们闭口不提的原因很可能是因为无意义，其他三个选项不符合一般逻辑，故选C项。
22．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是越来越多的人在受苦，生命陷入危险。A. compromise使陷入危险、妥协；B. forget遗忘；C. substitute替代、代替；D. separate分隔。越来越多的人在遭受眼睛问题带来的痛苦，这属于健康问题，威胁生命，故选A项。
23．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划，这是在以色列特拉维夫大学的一个项目。A. course课程；B. program项目；C. paper纸、论文；D. conference会议。一项研究通常也被称为一个项目，故选B项。
24．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic，其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理问题做了开创性的工作。A. inform通知；B. doubt怀疑；C. include包括；D. dismiss解散。根据语境可知，这位专家在这个团队中，故选C项。
25．D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic，其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理问题做了开创性的工作。A. part-time兼职的；B. controversial有争议的；C. voluntary自愿的；D. ground-breaking开创性的。根据后句“Seeing a ray od hope”（看到了一丝希望）可知，他是带来希望的人，是最先做的，他的工作具有开创性，故选D项。
26．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到了一丝希望，Burdeyney女士开始和朋友多伦多商人Meryer一起为这个项目筹集资金。A. money钱；B. standards标准；C. awareness意识；D. questions问题。根据后文他们筹集了111000美金可知此处指“筹集资金”，故选A项。
27．B考查短语词义辨析。句意：截至目前，他们已经筹集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A. as ever依旧、和往常一样；B. so far目前；C. in return作为回报；D. once again再一次。根据本句的现在完成时态，应选择so far，他们已经筹集了111000美金，故选B项。
28．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：截至目前，他们已经筹集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A. waste浪费；B. donate捐赠；C. expect期待、预期；D. earn赢得。根据语境目前已经筹集了一笔钱，预期未来还有部分金额，故选C项。
29．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney说，“我正在努力让越来越多的人明白有解决办法”。A. imagine想象；B. confirm确认；C. remember记得；D. understand理解。结合前文很多人默默地受苦是因为看不到希望，所以要让他们理解办法是有的，故选D项。
30．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位受过专业培训的护士在退休之后仍然作为私人培训师在工作。A. retirement退休；B. childbirth出生；C. graduation毕业；D. marriage婚姻。根据still work可知，她本可以不工作了可知，她已经退休了，故选A项。
31．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为没有老的年纪，只有忽视。A. time时间；B. rule规则；C. age年龄；D. tale传说。本文主要谈论的是上了年龄的人的眼睛问题，故选C项。
32．B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要呆着保持不动，做点什么事情。A. straight直的；B. still静止的；C. firm坚定的；D. alone单独。此处的stand意为“处于某种状态”后跟形容词作表语，呼吁人们采取行动，不要什么都不做，故选B项。
33．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney补充说她希望为这个项目做得更多。A. comment评论；B. learn学习；C. remind提醒；D. add补充说。前句为她说的话，后面又继续说，即为补充说，故选D项。
34．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明，这只是一个开始。A. light光明；B. joy乐趣；C. color颜色；D. beauty美。根据常识，眼睛是人们识别光的器官，此处一语双关，只看到的光，也指希望，故选A项。
35．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明，这只是一个开始。A. future未来；B. beginning开始；C. truth事实；D. meaning意义。根据后句“There is still a long way to go”（根据后句话有很长的路要走。）可知，只是开始，故选B项。
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践，目的是为了减少学术飞行以应对气候变化危机。
36．Who/that 考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
37．is viewed/ has been viewed 考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
38．are考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。
39．changing考查时态。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。
40．roughly考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。
41．have promised考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。
42．whether/if考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
43．the考查冠词。句意：大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内，故填the。
44．invitation考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。
45．to continue考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。
专题09 名词性从句
限时：（ 35分钟）
（基础题）
1. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started ________ was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
2. It is calculated ________ European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
3. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show ________ they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater..
4. This ability to recognize ________ a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference.
5. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is ________ the honey guide takes its share.
6. It’s jaw-dropping________ much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
7. A computer system will analyze the video to determine ________ a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes.
8. The ability to accurately understand ________ others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.
9. The realization ________ this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
10. I could have made six salads with ________ I threw out.
11. It is our hope ________ in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
12. The next step according to the researchers, is to try and work out ________ the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
13. I had no idea about ________ I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it.
14. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me ________ in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.
15. Write a poem about________ courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
16. ________ people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still.
17. This research overturns the popular view ________all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.
18. I count twelve shades of green from ________ I stand.
19. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed ________ the cubs weren't there.
20. Soon, however, they realized ________ they had undertaken.
21. There’s a welcome familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion ________ time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s ________ makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
22. The deadlines and ________ you need to apply depend on the program.
23. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see ________ news the night might bring.
24. The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “Drive LAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover ________ the key stress points are.
25. What I’m hoping to accomplish is ________ my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore.
26. I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I’ve done 89 trips — of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s ________ long they last.
27. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about ________ to do next.
28. He and I both knew ________ the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it.
29. If I had to make just one recommendation for ________to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel.
30. But ________ began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.
31. You probably know ________ Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.
32. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, ________ do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
33. What do you do for a living?", you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of ________ it is you're talking to.
34. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on ________ to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day.
35. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is ________ dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
36. Also, ask ________ kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.
37. When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning ________ to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go.
38. Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. ________finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
39. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰)in his open office, he said, “That’s _______ I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "
Key: 1. what 2. that 3. whether/if 4. that 5. when 6. how 7. whether/if 8. how 9. that 10. what 11. that 12. whether 13. what 14. that 15. how 16. What 17. that 18. where 19. that 20. what 21. that; what 22. what 23. what 24. where 25. that 26. how 27. what 28. what 29. where 30. what 31. who 32. what 33. whomever 34. how 35. where 36. what 37. how 38. Whoever 39. why
（能力题）
1. (2021新高考一卷)_______is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
2. (2019全国一卷)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
3. (2018·11月浙江高考)It is possible ________ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
4. (2017·天津高考改编)She asked me________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
5. (2016·北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is________ one can be entirely free from dust.
6. (2016·天津高考改编)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
7. (2016·江苏高考改编)It is often the case________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
8. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
9. (2018·北京高考改编)This is ________ my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
10. (2018·北京高考改编)Without his support, we wouldn't be________ we are now.
11. (2018·天津高考改编)The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
12. (2018·江苏高考改编)By boat is the only way to get here, which is________we arrived.
13. (2017·北京高考改编)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
14. (2017·北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing________she was heading.
15. (2017·江苏高考改编)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of________it used to charge.
16. (2016·北京高考改编)Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.
17. (2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
18. (2014·广东高考)I didn't understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.
答案：
1. 解析：what 分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句， 从句为主语从句，缺少主语，指代事物内容，故答案为what。
2. 解析：that 分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，空格处引导词引导同位语从句，且在从句中不做任何成分，只起到连接作用，无意义，故答案为that。
3. 解析：that 分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
4. 解析：whether/if 句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认说我还没有还。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用；又根据句意可知此处表示“是否”，故用whether或if引导宾语从句。
5. 解析：that 句意：雨季最令人高兴的事情就是人们可以完全远离灰尘。分析句子结构可知，本句包含一个表语从句，且表语从句中句子结构完整，故使用that引导表语从句，that在表语从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。
6. 解析：that 句意：经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，故填that。
7. 解析：that 句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分且意思完整，故使用that引导。
8. 解析：who 分析句子成分，空格处作从句的主语，根据后面的“me or the female gorilla”可知，作者把自己和大猩猩作对比，表示“我不知道我和大猩猩谁更害怕”，故填who。
9. 解析：what 句意：这就是父亲教给我的——永远面对困难并且寄予最大的希望。表语从句中动词taught缺少直接宾语， 且表示“……的东西”，故填what。
10. 解析：where 句意：要是没有他的帮助，我们就不会是现在的情形了。空处引导表语从句，表示的是具有抽象意义的地点，故用where引导。
11. 解析：whoever 句意：这块金牌将颁发给在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。从句中缺主语且表示“人”，因此填whoever引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。
12. 解析：how 句意：坐船是到达这里唯一的方式，我们就是这样来的。how 引导表语从句，表示方式。
13. 解析：whoever 句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮风筝的人将会获奖。根据句子结构和句意可知，主语从句中缺少表示人的主语，故填whoever。
14. 解析：where 句意：简在绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，不知道她要去哪里。本句考查名词性从句中的宾语从句，根据句意和句子结构可知，宾语从句中缺少表示地点的连词， 故填where。
15. 解析：what 句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一半。此处考查宾语从句的引导词，在of后面what既引导宾语从句，又在从句中作charge的宾语。
16. 解析：Whatever 句意：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，你们做的任何事情都有帮助。根据句意和结构可知，whatever引导的是主语从句，主语从句中缺少谓语动词do的宾语，表示事物， 故用Whatever引导。
17. 解析： how 分析句子结构可知，空格处是一个宾语从句。空格后的thick为形容词，因此空格处应用副词，故填how。
18. 解析：why 根据语境可知，“我”不知道/不明白为什么会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用why引导宾语从句。
（真题/新题）
模块综合练09（2022年1月（浙江卷））
一、阅读理解
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn't take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, "When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals. *'
1．Why did Merebeth changed her job?
A．She wanted to work near her home.
B．She was tired of working in the office.
C．Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D．Her former employer was out of business.
2．The word "wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to _________?
A．make money. B．try various jobs.
C．be close to nature. D．travel to different places.
3．What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A．She has chances to see rare animals.
B．She works hard throughout the year.
C．She relies on herself the whole time.
D．She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they put it to more uses than anyone else. "
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.
4．What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity?
A．It is closely linked to the steam age.
B．It began earlier than proper thought.
C．It is a little-studied period of history.
D．It will come to an end sooner or later.
5．What can be inferred about Ned?
A．He was born in New York City. B．He wrote many increasing stories,
C．He created an electricity company. D．He lived mainly in the 19th century.
6．What is the text?
A．A biography. B．A book review. C．A short story. D．A science report.
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. "
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
7．What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?
A．Positive effects of doing exercises.
B．Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C．Experimental studies on diseases.
D．Advantages of sporty woman over man
8．Why did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise?
A．To predict their maximum heart rate.
B．To assess their cardiovascular capacity
C．To change their habits of working out
D．To detect their potential health problems
9．What do we know about Dr Horder's study?
A．It aimed to find a cure for dementia.
B．Data collection was a lengthy process.
C．Some participants withdrew from it.
D．The results were far from satisfactory.
10．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B．Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D．Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
二、七选五
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. ____11____
Pick the most important.
____12____ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. ____13____ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.
____14____
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. ____15____ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A．Speed up.
B．Be an active learner.
C．Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D．Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E．The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F．Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G．This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
三、完形填空
When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year, she started having problems with her ___16___ , notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply ___17___ a terrible experience, " Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my ___18___ was affected. "
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had ___19___ problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in ___20___. " Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so ___21___ she said. " But more and more are suffering and lives are being ___22___.
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research, ___23___ at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The research team ___24___ Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done_____25_____ work on eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope, Ms. Burdeyney began raising _____26_____ for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. _____27_____ she has raised $ 110, 000 with another $40, 000 _____28_____ .
"I'm trying to get more and more people to _____29_____ that there are solutions（解决办法）said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after _____30_____ . "I say there is no old _____31_____ , there's only neglect （忽视）. Don't stand _____32_____ , do something about it. "
Ms. Burdeyney _____33_____ that she is hoping to do more for the research project. "I just want to bring _____34_____ into people eyes and this is just the _____35_____. There is still a long way to go"
16．A．throat B．skin C．lungs D．eyes
17．A．getting over B．going through C．holding on D．passing down
18．A．story B．treatment C．life D．relationship
19．A．similar B．various C．personal D．special
20．A．turn B．peace C．vain D．silence
21．A．unbearable B．abnormal C．insignificant D．disturbing
22．A．compromised B．forgotten C．substituted D．separated
23．A．course B．program C．paper D．conference
24．A．informed B．doubted C．included D．dismissed
25．A．part-time B．controversial C．voluntary D．ground-breaking
26．A．money B．standards C．awareness D．questions
27．A．As ever B．So far C．In return D．Once again
28．A．wasted B．donated C．expected D．earned
29．A．imagine B．confirm C．remember D．understand
30．A．retirement B．childbirth C．graduation D．marriage
31．A．time B．rule C．age D．tale
32．A．straight B．still C．firm D．alone
33．A．commented B．learned C．reminded D．added
34．A．light B．joy C．color D．beauty
35．A．future B．beginning C．truth D．meaning
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___36___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ____37____（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others ____38____ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ____39____（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _____40_____（rough） 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ____41____ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ___42___ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___43___ time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the ____44____ （invite）. That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans _______45_______（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Merebeth从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专家。
1．D推理判断题。根据第一段中“The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.（她曾在一家房地产公司做了10年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。 公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作）”，可知，Merebeth之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。
2．D词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers.（她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。 她风雨无阻地旅行）”，可知，划线词的意思是“渴望去不同的地方旅行”。故选D。
3．C推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.（当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己的世界里。 我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）”，可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选C。
【解析】本文是说明文。文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系。
4．A推理判断题。根据第二段“It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions.”（我很好奇，竟然没有人把蒸汽和电力革命的历史放在一起。）可知，在Klein看来，电力时代和蒸汽时代是有很紧密的联系的。故选A。
5．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime.”（为了编织他的故事，Klein创造了一个人物Ned，它是对美国蒸汽和电力革命在一个人的整个人生中的进程的神奇的见证。）和第四段“Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity.”（同时，在19世纪，电力从好奇变成了根需。）可知，Ned见证了蒸汽时代和电力革命，所以他应该是生活在19世纪。故选D。
6．B推理判断题。根据最后一段“To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.”（为了构建他的故事，克莱因创造了奈德这个角色，一个虚构的人物，在一个人的一生中见证了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步。这是一种有助于将长篇故事变得有趣的技巧。）可知，这篇文章是一篇书评。故选B。
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了经常锻炼的中年女性在老年时罹患失智症的几率会大大降低。
7．A细节理解题。根据文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）可知，第一段提到了健身锻炼的好处。故选A项。
8．B细节理解题。根据上文“These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”（这些发现令人兴奋，因为在中年时改善人们的心血管健康可能会延缓甚至防止他们患上痴呆症。）以及本段“For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak cardiovascular capacity.”（在这项研究中，191名平均年龄为50岁的女性进行了自行车运动测试，直到她们精疲力竭，以测量她们的心血管峰值能力。）可知，做这项实验的目的是为了测试女性的心血管峰值能力。故选B项。
9．B细节理解题。根据文章第五段“These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades.”（这些女性在随后的四十年里测试了六次失智症状况。）可知，此次实验的数据收集是一个长期的过程。故选B项。
10．C推理判断题。根据文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）以及文章后面几段通过列举实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大大降低。故选C项。
【解析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。
11．F上文“I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.( 我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，让我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松)”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松，根据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help you make the most of your time”与上文“to make the most of every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建议，因此F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。
12．D根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.( 把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上)”说明要挑选一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的“the most important”一致，下文是对“Make choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选D。
13．C上文“Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.( 许多人疯狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间)”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好时间，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.( 找到一种结合的方式来享受它们)”说明可以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C项“不要试图在它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。
14．B空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. (你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法)”可推断，本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。
15．G下文“Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.( 每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起来就是一个大的胜利)”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence.( 在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在)”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个遭受眼睛问题之苦的Burdeyney女士积极为研究项目提供帮助以寻求解决方法的故事。
16．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始有眼睛问题，明显的干涩和不适。A. throat喉咙；B. skin皮肤；C. lungs肺；D. eyes眼睛。根据第八空前面的句子“Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research”（最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划）可知，她有眼睛问题，故选D项。
17．B考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我只是在经历一段糟糕的体验。A. get over克服；B. go through经历；C. hold on坚持；D. pass down传递下去。根据语境可知，她遭受眼睛问题，这是一段糟糕的经历，故选B项。
18．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到如此无助和不安，因为我的生活质量受到了影响。A. story故事；B. treatment治疗，对待；C. life生命，生活；D. relationship关系。主人公遭受眼部之苦，生活质量自然会被影响，故选C项。
19．A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地受苦。A. similar相似的；B. various多种多样的；C. personal私人的；D. special特别的。跟与自己有相同问题的人交谈并发现问题，符合语境逻辑，故选A项。
20．D 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地受苦。A. in turn轮流；B. in peace和平地；C. in vain徒劳地；D. in silence默默地。根据后句“Nobody chooses to talk about it”（没有人想谈论它）可知，他们很多人保持了沉默，故选D项。
21．C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说没有人选择谈论它因为这看起来没有意义。A. unbearable无法忍受的；B. abnormal不正常的；C. insignificant无意义的；D. disturbing扰人的。他们闭口不提的原因很可能是因为无意义，其他三个选项不符合一般逻辑，故选C项。
22．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是越来越多的人在受苦，生命陷入危险。A. compromise使陷入危险、妥协；B. forget遗忘；C. substitute替代、代替；D. separate分隔。越来越多的人在遭受眼睛问题带来的痛苦，这属于健康问题，威胁生命，故选A项。
23．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划，这是在以色列特拉维夫大学的一个项目。A. course课程；B. program项目；C. paper纸、论文；D. conference会议。一项研究通常也被称为一个项目，故选B项。
24．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic，其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理问题做了开创性的工作。A. inform通知；B. doubt怀疑；C. include包括；D. dismiss解散。根据语境可知，这位专家在这个团队中，故选C项。
25．D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic，其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理问题做了开创性的工作。A. part-time兼职的；B. controversial有争议的；C. voluntary自愿的；D. ground-breaking开创性的。根据后句“Seeing a ray od hope”（看到了一丝希望）可知，他是带来希望的人，是最先做的，他的工作具有开创性，故选D项。
26．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到了一丝希望，Burdeyney女士开始和朋友多伦多商人Meryer一起为这个项目筹集资金。A. money钱；B. standards标准；C. awareness意识；D. questions问题。根据后文他们筹集了111000美金可知此处指“筹集资金”，故选A项。
27．B考查短语词义辨析。句意：截至目前，他们已经筹集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A. as ever依旧、和往常一样；B. so far目前；C. in return作为回报；D. once again再一次。根据本句的现在完成时态，应选择so far，他们已经筹集了111000美金，故选B项。
28．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：截至目前，他们已经筹集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A. waste浪费；B. donate捐赠；C. expect期待、预期；D. earn赢得。根据语境目前已经筹集了一笔钱，预期未来还有部分金额，故选C项。
29．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney说，“我正在努力让越来越多的人明白有解决办法”。A. imagine想象；B. confirm确认；C. remember记得；D. understand理解。结合前文很多人默默地受苦是因为看不到希望，所以要让他们理解办法是有的，故选D项。
30．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位受过专业培训的护士在退休之后仍然作为私人培训师在工作。A. retirement退休；B. childbirth出生；C. graduation毕业；D. marriage婚姻。根据still work可知，她本可以不工作了可知，她已经退休了，故选A项。
31．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为没有老的年纪，只有忽视。A. time时间；B. rule规则；C. age年龄；D. tale传说。本文主要谈论的是上了年龄的人的眼睛问题，故选C项。
32．B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要呆着保持不动，做点什么事情。A. straight直的；B. still静止的；C. firm坚定的；D. alone单独。此处的stand意为“处于某种状态”后跟形容词作表语，呼吁人们采取行动，不要什么都不做，故选B项。
33．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney补充说她希望为这个项目做得更多。A. comment评论；B. learn学习；C. remind提醒；D. add补充说。前句为她说的话，后面又继续说，即为补充说，故选D项。
34．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明，这只是一个开始。A. light光明；B. joy乐趣；C. color颜色；D. beauty美。根据常识，眼睛是人们识别光的器官，此处一语双关，只看到的光，也指希望，故选A项。
35．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明，这只是一个开始。A. future未来；B. beginning开始；C. truth事实；D. meaning意义。根据后句“There is still a long way to go”（根据后句话有很长的路要走。）可知，只是开始，故选B项。
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践，目的是为了减少学术飞行以应对气候变化危机。
36．Who/that 考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
37．is viewed/ has been viewed 考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
38．are考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。
39．changing考查时态。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。
40．roughly考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。
41．have promised考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。
42．whether/if考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
43．the考查冠词。句意：大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内，故填the。
44．invitation考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。
45．to continue考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。
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