专题02 重难点词汇复习与默写(选择性必修三Units 1-6）

这是一份专题02 重难点词汇复习与默写(选择性必修三Units 1-6），共33页。试卷主要包含了 pretend v， identical adj， bther v等内容，欢迎下载使用。

专题02 重难点词汇复习(选择性必修三Units 1-6)
内容提要
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重难知识点复习
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重难知识点强化
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选择性必修三Unit 1
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选择性必修三Unit 1
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选择性必修三Unit 2
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选择性必修三Unit 2
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选择性必修三Unit 3
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选择性必修三Unit 3
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选择性必修三Unit 4
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选择性必修三Unit 4
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选择性必修三Unit 5
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选择性必修三Unit 5
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选择性必修三Unit 6
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选择性必修三Unit 6

Part I 选择性必修三Unit 1单元词汇知识点复习
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. pretend v. 假装, 装作
People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves. (P2)
那些假装自己的人往往会误判自己。
【拓展记忆】

2. identical adj. 完全相同的, 非常相似的
I only used to have five identical pairs of trousers and five identical shirts. (P3)
我以前只有五条一样的裤子和五件一样的衬衫。
【拓展记忆】

3. bother v. (使)苦恼　n. 麻烦, 烦扰
For a long time, this really bothered me. (P3)
很长一段时间, 这使我非常苦恼。
【拓展记忆】

Ⅱ. 核心短语
4. care about 关心, 在乎
I never really cared about my appearance. (P3)
我从来都不在乎自己的外表。
【拓展记忆】 care短语
(1)care for　　　　　照顾; 喜欢
(2)take care 注意; 小心
(3)take care of 照顾; 注意
(4)with care 小心地
5. from head to toe 从头到脚
I didn’t like being reviewed from head to toe. (P3)
我不喜欢从头到脚都被评论。
【拓展记忆】“从……到……”短语
“from. . . to. . . ”是英语中极其常用的介词短语, 表示“从……到……”, 其用法很多, 搭配能力也很强。
from+ n. to+ n. 可以连接两个反义的名词。
(1)from dawn to dark/ from morning to night从早到晚
from beginning to end从头到尾
from top to bottom从上到下
from small to large从小到大
(2)同义短语: from head to foot/ from top to toe
Ⅲ. 经典句式
6. Dad thinks I am a narcissist, but what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone, so who cares?  
爸爸认为我是个自恋狂, 但我要说的是, 我的照片不会伤害任何人, 所以谁在乎呢?
The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
截止日期和你需要申请什么取决于程序。
【句型公式】 名词性从句
　　名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等, 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能, 名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句通常由下列词引导:
①从属连词that, whether等;
②连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever, whom, whichever等;
③连接副词how, when, where, why 等。
7. It’s true that inner beauty is very important, but external beauty shouldn’t be completely overlooked.  
内在美确实很重要, 但是外在美不能被完全忽视。
It is clear that the chosen pattern is not the correct one. 显然, 所选择的样式是错误的。
【句型公式】 it作主语从句的形式主语
(1)It + be +形容词 + 从句
(2)It + be + 名词 + 从句
(3)It +介词短语 + 从句
(4)It +动词的被动语态 + 从句
(5)It +动词 (+宾语或状语) + 从句
▲it作形式主语的其他情况
(1)不定式作逻辑主语
①It + be + adj. + (for/ of sb. ) to do sth.
②It + be + n. + to do sth.
(2)动名词短语作逻辑主语
It + be + no good/ no use/ waste + doing sth.
8. boost one’s confidence 增加某人的信心
Each “like” boosts my confidence. (P2)
每个“赞”都增强了我的信心。
【拓展记忆】
“confidence”短语
(1)establish confidence　　树立信心
(2)lack confidence 缺乏信心
(3)confidence in 对……的信任
▲be confident in/ about 对……有信心
be confident of 确信, 相信
confidently adv. 自信地
Part II 选择性必修三Unit 2单元词汇知识点复习
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. polish v. 擦亮, 擦光
The only sound to break the silence in Wang Jin’s workshop is the chiming melody of the repaired and polished clocks. (P21)打破王津工作间寂静的唯一声音, 就是修理和擦亮的钟表发出的钟鸣声。
【拓展记忆】
(1)polish off 　　　　击倒; 除掉; 吃/干完
(2)polish up 擦亮; 改善; 提高
2. associate v. 与……有关
Yet they did not seek fame, and even today, their great works are associated more with the imperial court than with them. (P23)然而他们并不追求名利, 即使到了今天, 他们的伟大作品更多地与朝廷有关, 而不是与他们有关。
【拓展记忆】

3. comprise v. 包括, 由……构成
The main body comprises paragraphs with supporting evidence and facts. (P23)
正文包括支持证据和事实的段落。
【拓展记忆】

▲“由……构成”结构
(1)be made up of
(2)be composed of
(3)consist of(无被动形式)
Ⅱ. 核心短语
4. belong to 属于
Through his fascination with what people were wearing, and not who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone—fashion as he saw it belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands. (P15)
通过他对人们的穿着, 而不是他们的身份的迷恋, 他为每个人打开了时尚的大门——他认为时尚属于人民, 而不仅仅属于上流社会和名牌。
(1)belong + adv. /prep 　应在某处
(2)belong to sb. 属于某人
belong to sth. 俱乐部、组织等的成员; 是某族类或纲目的一部分; 属于
5. date back 追回到; 追溯到
Mr Wang and his students spend their time restoring clocks dating back hundreds of years. (P20)
王先生和他的学生们花时间修理几百年前的钟表。
【拓展记忆】
date from=date back (to)　　　　追溯到
▲ date的用法
(1)out of date　　　　过时的; 陈旧的
(2)to date 至今; 到目前为止
(3)up to date 最新的; 时髦的
Ⅲ. 经典句式
6. This devotion and hard work is what we see reflected within his photos.  
我们从他的照片中看到了他的奉献和努力。
That is what makes them so special.
那就是他们如此特别的原因。
【句型公式】 表语从句
系动词后由that, what, when等引导词引导的从句为表语从句。
▲that引导的表语从句和what等引导的表语从句的特点
that引导表语从句时, that无词义, 在从句中不作句子成分, 一般不可以省略。而what, when, where等引导表语从句时, 引导词在从句中作相应的句子成分, 有具体含义, 不能省略。
7. think outside the box不拘一格地思考, 跳出框框思考
Together, they thought outside the box and broke new ground, leading to the breakthrough of the hydrogen bomb. (P19)他们一起打破常规, 开辟了新天地, 使氢弹有了突破。
▲think短语
(1) think about　　　　　考虑; 关心
(2) think back 回想; 回忆起
(3) think over 仔细考虑
(4)think twice 重新考虑; 三思
(5) think up 想出; 设计出
(6) think highly of 对……有很高的评价
8. If it hadn’t been for a three-episode documentary, outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed people working here are masters of their craft, who have spent their lives restoring precious antiques.  
如果不是一部三集的纪录片, 外人永远不会知道, 在这里工作的穿着朴素的人, 是他们手艺的大师, 他们一生都在修复珍贵的古董。
I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.
要不是交通堵塞, 我本会来得早一些。
【句型公式】 “if 引导的条件状语从句的虚拟语气”句型
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式, 用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实, 而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气, 通过句子意思, 看假设的条件是否能够实现。
(1) 表示与现在事实相反的情况: 从句: If+主语+动词的过去式(be用were)+. . . ; 主句: 主语+would(could, should, might) + 动词原形。
(2)表示与过去事实相反的情况: 从句: If + 主语+had done. . . ; 主句: 主语+would(could, should, might) + have done. . . 。
(3)表示与将来事实相反的情况: 从句: If + 主语 + should(were to )+动词原形. . ; 主句: 主语+would (could, should, might) + 动词原形。
9. But for quite some time, he and his student Qi Haonan used to be the only two people repairing timepieces in the Palace Museum.  
但在相当长的一段时间里, 他和他的学生亓昊楠曾经是故宫里仅有的两个修钟表的人。
She used to be an English teacher.
她以前是个英语老师。
【句型公式】 “used to do sth. ”句型
used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”。
(1)其一般疑问句有两种构成方法:
①将used提前至句首, 结构为: Used + 主语 + to do sth. . . . ?
②将did提前至句首, 结构为: Did + 主语 + use to do sth. . . . ?
(2)其否定句也有两种构成方式:
①直接在used后面加上not, 也可一起缩写成usedn’t.
结构为: 主语 + used not to do sth. . . . 或 主语 + usedn’t to do sth. . . .
②借助于助动词didn’t, 其结构为: 主语 + didn’t use to do sth. . . .
(1)be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
(2)be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
Part III 选择性必修三Unit 3单元词汇知识点复习
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. memorial adj. 纪念的, 追悼的　n. 纪念碑, 纪念馆, 纪念仪式, 纪念物
Several international celebrities were present at the statesman’s memorial service.
好几位国际知名人士出席了这位政治家的追悼仪式。
【拓展记忆】
raise a memorial　　　竖立纪念碑
establish a memorial 设立纪念物
lasting memorial 永久性纪念物
parting memorial 临别的纪念品
proper/suitable/fitting memorial 适当的纪念物
as a memorial 作为纪念
memorial to 为……设的纪念碑
2. emerge v. 出现
A wonderful idea emerged in my mind.
我的脑海里浮现出一个极妙的想法。
【拓展记忆】
emerge from　　　　　　　　来自……, 产生于……, 脱离……
emerge into the street 出现在马路上
emerge out of 从……走出来
emerge as a leader 出头当领袖
emerge in the east 出现在东方
Ⅱ. 核心短语
3. make up of构成
The committee is made up of seven members.
这个委员会由七个成员组成。
【拓展记忆】
make up with　　　　　　与……和解
make up for 弥补
make up one’s mind 下决心
make up a story/ a team 编造一个故事/组成一个队
4. free. . . from 使摆脱, 解放
Will you free the birds from the cage?
你把这些鸟从笼子里放飞好吗?
【拓展记忆】
set free　　　　　　　释放, 使获自由
free and easy 无拘无束的
be free to do 自由地做某事
free of charge 免费
free from duty 免税
for free 免费地
make free with 随意使用
5. meet up with意外碰到; 不期而遇
She met up with her former boy-friend in the street yesterday. 昨天在马路上她意外地碰到了她的前男友。
【拓展记忆】
meet with　　　　　遇见, 碰见, 不期而遇; 遭到, 遭遇
meet one’s match 棋逢对手
meet /satisfy one’s need　满足某人的需要
Nice to meet you. (=It’s nice to meet you. )(见面时说)很高兴认识你。
Nice meeting you. (分手时说)很高兴认识你。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
6. We will accept nothing less than full Victory! 我们将得到完全胜利!  
Nothing is more difficult than that. 没有什么比那更难了。
【句型公式】nothing less than 意思是“完全是, 简直是”, 是一种否定词与比较级连用表示最高级的用法。该结构中的否定词有: not, never, no, nothing, nobody等, 该结构还可以用“couldn’t/ can’t+比较级”的形式。
▲注意下面几个含有否定词的比较句式的不同含义:
(1)no better than　　　　　和……一样; 实际等于……
(2)not. . . any more than或no more. . . than
同……一样不
(3)no less. . . than 和……一样(都不少)
Part IV 选择性必修三Unit 4单元词汇知识点复习
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. capacity n. 能力, 才能
He has a great capacity for learning languages.
他学语言的能力很强。
【拓展记忆】
at full capacity　　　　　　　　全力以赴
beyond the capacity of 为……能力所不及
in the capacity of 作为, 以……的资格
within one’s capacity 在某人的能力之内
develop/improve capacity 培养/提高能力
breathing capacity 肺活量
competitive capacity 竞争能力
professional capacity 专业能力
2. assess v. 评价, 评定, 对……征税
He can quickly assess a person’s character.
他能很快地评定出某人的品质。
【拓展记忆】
assess at　　　　　　　　估计……价值为
assess the importance of 估计……的重要性
assess a situation 估计形势
unjustly assess 不公正地评价
assess a tax of 100 dollars upon sb. 向某人征收100美元的税款
assess a tax on sb. ’s property对某人的财产征税
assess damages after an accident　事故后确定损失赔偿金额
3. demand n. &v. 需要, 需求; 询问, 查问, 查询, 逼问
She demanded that he(should) finish the work within an hour. 她要求他在一小时内完成这项工作。
【拓展记忆】
demand sth. of/ from sb. 　　　　　 　对某人要求某事
demand an apology 要求一个道歉
make a demand that sb. /sth. (should) 要求
in demand 需要
on demand 一经要求
4. faulty adj. 有故障的, 有缺陷的
Consumers are encouraged to complain about faulty goods. 消费者被鼓励对劣质商品投诉。
【拓展记忆】
faulty connection　　　　错误的连接
faulty reasoning 错误的推论
find fault with 挑毛病
Ⅱ. 核心短语
5. go through经历; 检查; 浏览; 通过, 穿过
The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died. 那个可怜的女孩自从父母去世后经历了许多痛苦。
【拓展记忆】
go round　　　　　　　　四处走动
go up 涨价; 上涨; 炸毁
go down 下降, 下跌
go on with sth. 继续做某事
go along with sth. /sb. 赞同某人/事; 陪某人一起去
go against 违反
go all out to do 全力以赴
go without 没有……也行
6. hang out挂出, 闲逛
It is very dangerous to hang out of the car window.
把身子探出车窗外是非常危险的。
【拓展记忆】
hang it out　　怠工
hang out false colors 打着骗人的旗号
hang out the white flag 挂白旗, 投降
hang on 不挂断(电话)
hang up 挂断(电话)
hang around (=hang about)　　　　闲荡, 徘徊
Ⅲ. 经典句式
7. If not, it might wipe us all out! 如果不是这样, 它可能会把我们都消灭了!  
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. 如果可能的话, 他会帮你摆脱困境。
【句型公式】
if not 是状语从句的省略形式。
状语从句的省略要同时具备下列两个条件:
①主句和从句的主语一致, 或从句主语为it; ②从句谓语动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词通常可省略。
下列状语从句经常用省略形式: ①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句; ②由although, though, even if/though等引导的让步状语从句; ③由when, while, as, before, after, until/till等引导的时间状语从句; ④由as, as if/though等引导的方式状语从句。
8. lie in在于
Success lies in hard work. 成功在于勤奋。
【拓展记忆】
lie to sb. 　　　　　对某人撒谎
lie in bed 躺在床上
lie on one’s side 侧卧
lie on one’s face/ stomach　　俯卧
lie in the south of 位于……的南部(在范围之内)
lie on the south of 位于……的南部(毗邻)
lie to the south of 位于……南方(在范围以外, 不相邻)
Part V 选择性必修三Unit 5单元词汇知识点复习
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. employ v. 使用, 运用
The police had to employ force to break up the crowd. 警察不得不使用武力驱散人群。
【拓展记忆】
employ sb. to do sth. 　　　　　　　 雇用某人做某事
employ sb. for sth. 因为某事雇用某人
employ/hire sb. as. . . (=take on sb. as. . . ) 聘某人做
fire/dismiss sb. 解雇某人
employ oneself in doing sth. (= be employed/ busy/engaged in doing sth. ) 忙于做某事
2. attain v. 得到; 获得; 实现; 达到
I’m determined to attain my purpose at any cost.
我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。
【拓展记忆】
attain to　　　　　　　　　达到; 获得
attain to power 得到权力
attain long-term prosperity 实现长期的繁荣
attain one’s aim 达到某人的目的
attain the opposite shore 到达对岸
3. withdraw v. 退出; 撤回; 撤退; 提款
In view of members reservation and request for further information, the Administration agreed to withdraw the item. 鉴于委员有所保留, 并要求提供进一步资料, 政府当局同意撤回该项目。
【拓展记忆】
withdraw from　　　　　　　 离开/退出
withdraw sb. /sth. from sth. (使)撤回, 撤离; 退出
withdraw sth. (from sth. ) 停止提供; 不再给予
4. resign v. 使自己顺从于(做)某事; 安于
He has resigned himself to the fact that he will lose the job. 他已经接受他将要失去这份工作的现实。
【拓展记忆】
resign oneself to　　　　　　　　 使听从于
resign one’s office/position/post 辞职
resign as sth. 辞去某职务
resign from the job 辞职
resign oneself to one’s fate 听天由命
Ⅱ. 核心短语
5. take. . . for granted 认为……理所当然
Sorry! I just took it for granted that you’d want to come. 抱歉, 我以为你会想来。
【拓展记忆】
take sth. for granted“认为……理所当然/是必然的”或“(因为视作当然而)对……不予重视”。此结构, 常用it作形式宾语, 而真正的宾语由that引导放在句尾。
6. in return for作为……的报酬; 替换
I gave him some books in return for his assistance.
我给了他一些书, 作为对他所提供帮助的回报。
【拓展记忆】
return to. . . from. . . 　　　　　　　从……返回到……
return sb. sth. (return sth. to sb. ) 归还某人东西
a return ticket 一张往返车票
Ⅲ. 经典句式
7. Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.  
创造这样的建筑能够使我们与环境更进一步和谐相处。
【句型公式】 非谓语动词作主语: 动名词和动词不定式均可用作主语。
(1)动名词作主语表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念。不定式作主语常表示具体的某一动作。
(2)动名词和不定式短语作主语时, 为了保持句子的平衡, 避免头重脚轻, 经常用it来作形式主语, 把真正的主语后置。
(3)在“There/It +be+ no use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词作主语, 但是如果该句型中用了for/of引出不定式的逻辑主语, 就只能用不定式。
8. respond to响应; 对……起反应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
他对我的提议报之一笑。
【拓展记忆】
respond to a question　　　 回答问题
respond to the call 响应号召
respond to a letter 回复一封信
respond to drugs 对药物的反应
in response to 回答; 回应
make/give no response to　 没作答复
9. In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. 实际上, 我们对它们太习惯了, 以至于我们会把它们当成理所当然, 没有意识到它们给我们带来了多少灵感。 
【句型公式】 非谓语动词作宾语: 不定式和动名词都可以作宾语(动词(短语)或介词的宾语)。我们不妨利用下面的口诀记住哪些动词(短语)后只能接动名词或动词不定式作宾语:
(1)只能接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)口诀:
建议抵抗享受(suggest, advise, resist, enjoy),
考虑承认冒险(consider, admit, risk),
避免推迟实践(avoid, delay, practise),
期待成功完成(look forward to, succeed in, finish);
(2)只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀:
同意提出做计划(agree, offer, plan),
要求答应来帮忙(demand, ask, promise, help),
准备决定遭拒绝(prepare, decide, refuse),
敢于选择有希望(dare, choose, wish, hope, want, expect),
不能做到莫假装(fail, pretend),
设法做成决心强(manage, determine)。
Part VI 选择性必修三Unit 6单元词汇知识点复习
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. ban v. 禁止, 取缔
Smoking is banned in school. 在学校禁止吸烟。
【拓展记忆】
(1)ban sb. from doing sth. 　　　 禁止某人做某事
(2)the ban against 对……的禁止
a ban on the sale of guns 武器销售禁令
alcohol/parking ban 禁酒令/禁止停车令
under a ban 被禁止
lay/place a ban on export 禁止出口
lift a ban from 解除对……的禁令
put the ban to sth. 对某事禁止
announce a ban on 宣布对……的禁令
2. insist v. 坚称, 坚决认为, 坚持
Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. 屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物, 以确保它是安全的。
【拓展记忆】
insist on doing 　　　　　　 坚持做
persist in (doing)sth. 坚持(做)某事
keep up sth. 坚持
stand on sth. 坚持
stick to(doing)sth. 坚持(做)某事
3. launch v. 推出, 发起
The company researched the market demand and decided to launch their new product.
这家公司调查了市场需求, 决定推出他们的新产品。
【拓展记忆】
launch sb. in/into sth. 　　　　 使某人开始做某事
launch sth. against/at sb. /sth. 对某人/事发起进攻
launch sb. /sth. on/upon 向……推出某人/事
launch on/upon sth. 推行某事
launch into sth. 开始(进入); 投入
4. enhance v. 改进; 增强
The programme aims to enhance the employment of young people with disabilities or early signs of mental illness.
该计划旨在增强残疾或出现精神疾病早期症状的青少年的就业能力。
【拓展记忆】
enhance the appearance of a house　 使房屋更美丽
enhance the beauty of the scene 使景致更美
enhance friendship and unity 增进了友谊和团结
enhance the operation effectiveness 提高工作效率
Ⅱ. 核心短语
5. come round前来; 来访; 绕道而来; 苏醒; 改主意
Will you come round and have a chess with me?
你过来和我下盘棋好吗?
【拓展记忆】
come round to　　　　 改变主意
come around 顺便来访, 苏醒
comes down to 归结于; 结果是
come true 实现
come across 偶然遇到, 被理解
come along 随同; 过来; 沿着走
come about 产生; 发生
Ⅲ. 经典句式
6. I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted. 我看到了那样梦幻般地铺满了地毯的地面。 
【句型公式】 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法
在感官动词后
一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, have, make)、四看(see, look at, watch, notice)
用于“动词+ sb. /sth. + to do sth. ”
advise, allow, bear, beg, cause, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, leave, mean, need, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, remind, teach, trouble, want, warn, wish, would prefer 等
其他句式
(1) have/make sb. do /doing sth. (2)have/get sth. done (3)catch/feel/ find/ keep/ start/ set/ send/ leave sb. doing sth.
7. cause harm to 导致伤害
Your smoking can cause harm to the health of your children. 你吸烟对你的小孩的健康有害。
【拓展记忆】
do sb. /sth. harm　　　　　　 对……有害
do harm to sb. / sth. 对……有害
be harmful to 对……是有害的
do good to 对……有好处
8. She made a crucial but potentially difficult-to-understand subject interesting and accessible to millions of people. 她做了一个极重要但是很难懂的课题, 这个课题对数以百万计的人来说是有趣的和可接受的。 
interesting and accessible在句中作后置定语。
形容词作后置定语的有以下几种情况:
(1)英语中有些以a为词首的形容词作定语时, 均放在被修饰语后面。
(2)以后缀-able 和-ible 结尾的形容词, 在意义上有强烈的谓语色彩和被动意义时, 也往往后置。
(3)形容词修饰不定代词时, 一般放在其后; 形容词短语作修饰语时, 往往后置。
9. stand by旁观; 支持; 准备行动
How can you stand by when those boys are kicking the cat?
当那些孩子们在踢那只猫时, 你怎么能站在一旁不管呢?
【拓展记忆】
stand for　　　　　　　 代表; 象征; 支持
stand out 显眼; 出色
stand against sth. 反对; 经受住; 倚着……站着, 以……为背景
stand aside 避开; 站开
stand on one’s own feet 自主; 依靠自己
stand on one’s own legs　　　　自立
10. It is the first fall we have had here this winter, and last year I was out of the country, sweating in a hot climate. 这是今年冬天我们在这里的第一次下雪, 去年我出国了, 在炎热的气候里出汗。 
【句型公式】 非谓语动词作状语的基本用法
表示时间、条件、方式、让步或伴随情况
非谓语动词与句子主语是主动关系, 用现在分词; 与句子主语是被动关系, 用过去分词或现在分词的被动式
表示目的
用不定式, 其动作通常发生在谓语动词之后, 且常用in order to, so as to 结构。为了强调, 可将不定式短语放到句首
表示原因
用分词短语, 且多放在句首, 有时也放在句末, 多用逗号隔开。表示情绪或情感反应的形容词(如frightened, delighted, disappointed)后, 可接不定式短语表示原因
表示结果
不定式表结果, 其动作发生在谓语动词之后, 有时表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的, to前常加 only, 还用于 too. . . to, enough to, never to, so/such. . . as to 等结构中; 现在分词表结果, 是与谓语动词动作同时发生


Part I 选择性必修三Unit 1重难点词汇强化
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)As a businesswoman, I care deeply _________________________ my customers.
2. (2020·浙江高考) My older brother couldn’t be bothered _________________________ (play) with me.  
3. While life is not always fair, it is always manageable. It is a matter of attitude and _________________________ (confident).
4. (2019·江苏高考)It would not matter if these _________________________ (misjudge) were just a matter of people’s opinions.
5. (2018·江苏高考)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _________________________ (assume) you’ve made.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. How can we _________________________ if we feel a bit shaky?  
如果我们觉得有点不稳定, 我们怎么能增强信心呢?
2. I don’t _________________________ his opinion.  
我不在乎他的看法。
3. _________________________ is quite right.  
张先生说的很对。
4. _________________________ that he told a lie.  
很明显, 他撒谎了。
5. Helen is always _________________________ to the office.  
海伦总是第一个来办公室。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
(2021·漳州模拟)
　　I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled A Real Test in My Life before the whole class at the age of 9! You can imagine how 1. _______ (terrible) shy I was with so many eyes 2. _______ (fix) upon me. I had no 3. _______ (choose) but to prepare for it, though.  
First of all, I was to draft the speech, which was just a piece of cake for me, a good writer. But the hardest part 4. _______ (lie) in my oral presentation from my memory— for to read from the paper was not allowed. The real moment began 5. _______ I stood on the platform with my legs trembling and my mind blank. But my listeners were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me. Gradually I found myself back, 6. _______ (deliver) my speech with difficulty. After what seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding—I made 7. _______! From then on, my fear of talking before an audience disappeared.  
Actually with my 8. _______ (confident) building up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way 9. _______ success is our fear. Overcome it 10. _______ we will be able to achieve our goals.  
Part II 选择性必修三Unit 2重难点词汇强化
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)As a result, she says, some of the injuries _________________________ (associate) with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.
2. (2020·天津高考)Trial _________________________ error leads to the finding of truth.
3. (2020·天津高考)I think _________________________ one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself.
4. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)China has fueled the _________________________ (fashion) imagination for centuries.
5. (2019·江苏高考)The _________________________ (fascinate) with the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. The children _________________________ the toys in the shop window.  
孩子们被商店橱窗里的玩具吸引住了。
2. He learned technical skills _________________________.  
他通过不断摸索掌握技能。
3. The fountain _________________________ three stone basins.  
那个喷泉由三个石砌水池组成。
4. His suggestion is _________________________ we meet every day after school in the library.
他的建议是我们每天放学后在图书馆见面。
5. _________________________, he would not leave tomorrow.  
如果他昨天到的话, 明天就不会走了。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Nikhil Kumar is one of the best young table tennis 1. _______ (player) in the United States. Less than a month after Kumar won the right 2. _______ (compete) in them, the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games 3. _______ (put) off until 2021. Like so many other Olympic athletes, he is now trying to stay sharp and in shape.  
4. _______ is different are all the details of his training. All things considered, he says, everything seems to be working. “For my sport, a little lucky that we’re able to have everything indoors, and it’s not taking 5. _______ too much space and everything, ” Kumar said. “Not many sports are as lucky as ours, which have the opportunity to continue playing on a daily basis. ” 
The 2019-nCoV (新冠病毒) has forced many athletes to be 6. _______ (create) as they try to continue their training. But in some Olympic sports, working from home is fairly common. Kumar has been able to play table tennis with a robot that 7. _______ (shoot) balls at him.  
Everyone is facing issues during the pandemic, 8. _______ some competitors have been lucky. Weightlifter Kate Nye trains at home in her garage. She said, “When everything kind of started shutting down, it 9. _______ (obvious) affected our lives in other ways—but weightlifting wasn’t one of them. I’ve just been going as 10. _______ (plan). ” 
Part III 选择性必修三Unit 3重难点词汇强化
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Through it all, she remained in good _________________________(academy) standing and graduated with honors.
2. (2020·江苏高考)Most provinces and equivalent administrative units started to lower their public health _________________________ (emerge)response level.
3. With this in mind, not only is the prolongation of their missile notification deal a sign of how closely they trust one another, but it’s also _________________________ (represent) of the profound respect that they hold for each other.
4. (2019·浙江高考)By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s _________________________(confident), when, in fact, it may be just the opposite.
5. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Explore the monuments and _________________________ (memory)on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. The emergency services were _________________________ after a bomb warning.  
接到炸弹警报后, 各紧急救助部门进入待命状态。
2. She _________________________ her students’ abilities.  
她完全相信她学生的能力。
3. This could reverse years of progress, and is _________________________ for development.  
这可能会颠覆多年取得的进步, 对于发展来说不亚于一场紧急事件。
4. Not only _________________________ but also taking care of the environment.  
不仅粮食生产重要, 而且环境保护也重要。
5. What I don’t understand is _________________________.  
我不明白的是他怎么会做出那么傻的事。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
　　Generally, war is ill-flavored, but peace is welcome. While peace is the essential goal of all of our undertakings in this world, war has been 1. _________________________(avoid) in the course of human civilization because of frictions. Does man have an innate taste in the 2. _________________________(deep) of his heart for war? Or is it just an acquired scheme(阴谋)3. _________________________ (learn)from human society? We only know that there hasn’t been any period in the history during 4. _________________________ the world was really at peace. All armies are on standby, 5. _________________________(prepare)for wars. Human beings pursue peace and prosperity through the establishment of families, communities, and nations. Why should we let all these 6. _________________________ (destroy)by wars?  
To reduce the possibility of war 7. _________________________ the lowest extent, I have two suggestions. First of all, education should be consolidated to get rid of the brutality(暴行) and beastliness in human nature. Knowledge derives from education and is a surer road to wisdom. Wisdom 8. _________________________ (able)us to distinguish right from wrong. It also teaches us control and tolerance, two effective means of preventing wayward(任性的) killing and destruction. Another cure is religion. Most religions in the world advocate philanthropy and forgiveness, which dissolve hatred and revenge. 9. _________________________(consequent), I have confidence in the possibility 10. _________________________ education and religion working side by side can transform a barbarian into a civilized person. With wisdom and love, the human race as a whole will liberate from war and embrace peace.
Part IV 选择性必修三Unit 4重难点词汇强化
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·浙江高考)Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and _________________________ (assess)the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.
2. (2020·江苏高考 )When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had happened _________________________ their lives.
3. (2020·浙江高考)Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激), _________________________(demand) jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.
4. (2020·浙江高考) I ran _________________________ (desperate)but failed to catch up. It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)After a serious flu outbreak _________________________ (wipe)out 99. 4% of the world’s population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. Do not _________________________, because it is too old.  
不要指望出售你的住宅, 因为它太旧了。
2. He speaks English _________________________.  
他讲起英语来好像他是个美国人。
3. _________________________, the problem was a continuous worry to me.  
这个问题一直令我担忧, 直到完成了。(用状语从句的省略形式)
4. You _________________________ after a long walk.  
长时间走路你必然会感到疲劳。
5. The only cloud _________________________ is my mother-in-law coming to stay in December.  
眼下的麻烦是12月我的婆婆要来住。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
　　Now we continue our series about artificial intelligence, A. I. , where computers are able to make intelligent decisions without human input.
As computing power gets stronger and people continue to generate massive amounts of data, A. I. is making its way 1. _________________________ the marketplace and into your doctor’s 2. _________________________ (exam)room. Hari Sreenivasan has the latest in series on breakthroughs in invention and innovation.
Advances in artificial intelligence continue 3. _________________________ (push)the boundaries between science fiction and reality, like this brain-controlled device at the University of Minnesota. It enables users to fly a model helicopter with only their thoughts. The hope is it will soon help 4. _________________________ (able)people to operate 5. _________________________ (robot)arms that they bank on to pick up things. But you don’t need to be in a university lab to find A. I. It’s all around us.  
Our smartphones use A. I. to navigate us, 6. _________________________ (choose)the least congested traffic routes. Even the U. S. Postal Service uses it to sort mail. And on Wall Street, autonomous machines help make major financial decisions. At least 90 percent of the financial transactions 7. _________________________ (guide)in one way or another by artificial intelligence.  
Ray Kurzweil directs Google’s engineering lab, but spoke to us in his capacity as an independent inventor. He’s convinced that A. I. programs are already on track to solve many of the problems troubling mankind today. They’re helping us find 8. _________________________ cure for disease, 9. _________________________ is bound to help us diagnose disease, analyzing environmental data to help us clean up the environment. Virtually every industrial process is a combination already of human and machine intelligence. Large tech firms are betting big on the promise of A. I. Last year, Google paid $400 million to acquire DeepMind, a London startup specializing in deep learning. Facebook is raising eyebrows as it continues to pluck A. I. talent. And IBM is investing $1 billion to grow 10. _________________________ (it)Watson division, based out of new headquarters in New York’s Silicon Alley.
Part V 选择性必修三Unit 5重难点词汇强化
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)In another, _________________________ (employ)were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
2. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Discover William Wordsworth’s _________________________(inspiration) home.
3. (2019·江苏高考)Chris and Tim offered us the answer: human beings took it _________________________ granted that their brains held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better guide.
4. (2019·北京高考)By the time these _________________________(solution) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.
5. (2018·北京高考) Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing _________________________(evaluate)ourselves with a critical eye.  
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. He _________________________ his mother will help him every time he is in trouble.  
他认为在他每次陷入麻烦的时候, 他的妈妈会理所当然地帮助他。
2. It will rally the heads of states from around the continent to _________________________(寻求解决办法)challenges in the plans drawn by the African Union(AU), which many people do not see as inclusive enough.  
3. His manner was so bright and pleasant that Arthur _________________________.  
他的态度这样爽朗愉快, 亚瑟立刻觉得和他在一起没有什么拘束。
4. _________________________, he gave me the only fee I ever received for legal advice in the Elm Street Diner, a raffle ticket.  
为了回报我精明的建议, 他给了我一张兑奖券, 这是我在Elm街餐馆里得到过的唯一一笔律师咨询费。
5. Could I ask for _________________________ which is related to us all?  
我能问一下您对这个关系到我们每个人的政策有什么反应吗?
Ⅲ. 语法填空
　　As a city and regional planner by training, to compare with the rural area, I have been alarmed at the tendency to blame urban density(密度) as a primary wrongdoer for New York City’s 1. _________________________ (relative)severe initial COVID-19 outbreak. An epidemiologist 2. _________________________ Stanford, a professor of infectious diseases at the University of California identified density as the enemy in a pandemic in the US by making disputable comparisons between COVID-19 statistics in New York and Los Angeles. However, statistical analysis does not show a consistent 3. _________________________ (connect)between big-city density and COVID-19 impacts. One only needs to look at cities like Hong Kong, Seoul, and Singapore to see that New York’s predicament is the result of many 4. _________________________ (much)significant factors than urban density. Those other factors, such as inequality and lack of public health infrastructure, have been well documented elsewhere.
Density is not the problem, 5. _________________________ L. V. Anderson points out when 6. _________________________ (discuss)the resilience(适应力) of cities in a post-COVID-19 world. Crowding is the problem, and“reallocating outdoor space is the city planner’s secret weapon” Bruce Schaller, a New York City transportation consultant, distills this same superb argument very well in his essay 7. _________________________ (entitle)Density Isn’t Easy. But It’s a Necessity: “The question is not whether we need cities and density. The question is whether we have the vision, commitment, and courage to make our cities just, 8. _________________________(afford), and sustainable as well as dense, creative, and diverse. ” I take it for granted that what he said is right.
Urban density, of course, has advantages. It’s the key to being able to offer access to shared comforts, including parks, trails, and other recreational open spaces.
In facing a pandemic like COVID-19, the lesson here should not be becoming anti-density. The parks of this era were specifically designed to avoid crowding and were intended to foster “a temperate, good-natured, and healthy state of mind. ” Parks are a fundamental part of the city’s social infrastructure, 9. _________________________ also includes community centers, libraries, and hospitals. We can seek solutions to making cities better in a post-COVID-19 world, here are four salient action items we can take 10. _________________________ (promote)nature in cities, reduce crowding, and improve urban density’s natural advantages to foster economic resilience and efficiency.  
Part VI 选择性必修三Unit 6重难点词汇强化
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷) But our _________________________ (insist)it’s merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of requests to open the door.
2. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Some nights my heart was _________________________ (break)to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers.
3. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect _________________________ (harm)chemicals in groundwater.
4. (2020· 天津高考) Together, these deep human _________________________(urge)count for much more than ambition.
5. (2020· 天津高考) Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions _________________________ (target)to various age groups.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. The young man insisted that _________________________ and insisted that _________________________ as soon as possible.  
这个年轻人坚持说他没有杀死这位夫人, 并坚持认为他应该尽快被释放。
2. She was _________________________ when suddenly she broke off.  
她正喋喋不休地谈论她的计划, 突然中断了。
3. I saw many boys _________________________ in the street when I went to school.  
我上学的时候看到很多男孩子在大街上踢足球。
4. The embassy is _________________________.  
大使馆是恐怖分子袭击的明显目标。
5. All night long he lay awake, _________________________.  
整个晚上他清醒地躺着, 在想怎样把美国侵略者赶回家。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
　　Nature has provided us 1. _________________________ many kinds of resources. Almost everything we use in our everyday life comes from Nature. The food we eat, the water we drink, the clothes we wear, the concrete and bricks to build our houses, the materials to make bikes we ride, etc, all come 2. _________________________ (origin)from Nature.
　　People have been making use of these natural supplies for 3. _________________________ (thousand)of years. For example, many trees are being cut and fresh water is being wasted, 4. _________________________ has caused harm to environment. We are using up our natural resources and at the same time polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, life on earth cannot survive.
With the 5. _________________________ (develop)of technology and the increase of the population, the amount and range of materials taken by people will have increased. It 6. _________________________ (estimate)that this trend will continue in the years 7. _________________________ (come) .  
　　However, natural resources are not inexhaustible. Some resources are already nearly used up. For example, we can see the end of the 8. _________________________ (world)fuel being already within sight. Such an essential daily item as water is in short supply in many parts of the world. We can no 9. _________________________ (long)thoughtlessly use the resources provided by Nature. We must learn to conserve 10. _________________________ remains. Laws should also be made to ban people from destroying too many natural resources.

参考答案
Part I 选择性必修三Unit 1重难点词汇强化
Ⅰ. 1. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers.
2. (2020·浙江高考) My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play (play) with me.  
3. While life is not always fair, it is always manageable. It is a matter of attitude and confidence (confident).
4. (2019·江苏高考)It would not matter if these misjudgments (misjudge) were just a matter of people’s opinions.
5. (2018·江苏高考)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the assumption (assume) you’ve made.
Ⅱ. 1. How can we boost our confidence if we feel a bit shaky?  
2. I don’t care about his opinion.  
3. What Mr Zhang said is quite right.  
4. It was clear that he told a lie.  
5. Helen is always the first to come to the office.  
Ⅲ.【文章大意】本文是记叙文。主要讲述作者九岁的时候在全班面前的演讲, 描述了当时的心情、动作以及对以后的成长所起的作用。
1. 【解析】terribly。考查副词。句意: 你可以想象那么多双眼睛盯着我, 我当时多害羞。修饰形容词shy, 应该使用副词形式作状语, 故填 terribly 。
2. 【解析】fixed。考查with复合结构。句意: 你可以想象那么多双眼睛盯着我, 我当时多害羞。“with so many eyes _______upon me”是with复合结构作状语, fix与前面的名词是逻辑上的被动关系, 过去分词表示被动关系。故填fixed。 
3. 【解析】choice。考查固定句型。句意: 然而我别无选择只能准备演讲。have no choice but. . . 意为“别无选择, 只得……”, no是形容词修饰名词, 故填choice。
4. 【解析】lay。考查动词的时态。句意: 最难的部分在于演讲时不允许参考稿子, 只靠记忆背诵。根据句意和上文“I was once asked to deliver a speech. . . ”可知这里使用一般过去时, 且主语the hardest part与谓语动词lie是主动关系。故填lay。
5. 【解析】when。考查状语从句。句意: 当我站在讲台上双腿打颤, 大脑一片空白时, 真正的时刻到来了。根据语法分析, “_______ I stood on the platform with my legs trembling and my mind blank. ”部分是一个状语从句, 用when引导从句。故填when。 
6. 【解析】delivering。考查非谓语动词。句意: 渐渐地我能找回感觉, 发表我的演讲。句子的谓语动词是found, 故deliver用非谓语动词形式, “ _______my speech with difficulty”作状语, deliver与逻辑主语I是主动关系, 用现在分词表示主动关系。故 填delivering。 
7. 【解析】it。考查固定短语。句意: 我成功了。make it意为“成功”, 是固定短语。根据上文I found my audience applauding可推断, 我成功了。故填it。
8. 【解析】confidence。考查名词。句意: 随着信心的增强, 我现在成了一个很好的演讲者。形容词性物主代词修饰名词, 故填confidence。
9. 【解析】to。考查介词。句意: 我知道通往成功之路的最大困难是恐惧。on one’s way to. . . 意为“在……的路上”, 是固定搭配。故填to。
10. 【解析】and。考查固定句型。句意: 克服困难, 我们就会达到目标。这里考查的是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构。根据句意, 故填and。
Part II 选择性必修三Unit 2重难点词汇强化
Ⅰ. 1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated (associate) with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.
2. (2020·天津高考)Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
3. (2020·天津高考)I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself.
4. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)China has fueled the fashionable (fashion) imagination for centuries.
5. (2019·江苏高考)The fascination (fascinate) with the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. The children were fascinated by the toys in the shop window.  
2. He learned technical skills by trial and error.  
3. The fountain was comprised of three stone basins.  
4. His suggestion is that we meet every day after school in the library.
5. If he had arrived yesterday, he would not leave tomorrow.  
Ⅲ. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国最优秀的年轻乒乓球运动员之一Nikhil Kumar, 如今因为2020年东京奥运会被推迟, 正努力保持敏锐和良好的状态。文章主要说明了他训练细节的不同之处, 以及新冠病毒大流行病迫使许多运动员在继续训练的过程中发挥创造性。
1. 【解析】players。考查名词的数。player为可数名词, 根据上文one of后跟复数名词, 表示“最……之一”可知应填复数名词。故填players。
2. 【解析】to compete。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知compete在句中应用非谓语动词形式, 且本句中作名词right的定语应用不定式形式。the right to do sth. 做某事的权利。故填to compete。
3. 【解析】was put。考查动词的时态和语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系, 且事情发生在过去应用一般过去时, 主语为the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, 谓语动词应用单数。故填was put。
4. 【解析】What。考查连接词。句意: 不同的是他训练的所有细节。本句为主语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 且指物, 结合句意可知应用what, 句首单词首字母要大写。故填What。
5. 【解析】up。考查介词。句意: 对我的运动来说, 很幸运的是所有的东西我们都能在室内摆放, 而且不占太多空间。结合句意表示“占据”短语为take up。故填up。
6. 【解析】creative。考查形容词。根据上文be可知应填形容词creative作表语, 表示“创造性的”。故填creative。
7. 【解析】shoots。考查主谓一致。定语从句修饰先行词robot, 从句中谓语动词应与先行词保持一致, 且此处描述客观事实应用一般现在时, 故谓语应用第三人称单数。故填shoots。
8. 【解析】but。考查连词。句意: 在大流行病期间, 每个人都面临着问题, 但一些竞争对手很幸运。结合上下文语境可知为转折关系, 应用but。故填but。
9. 【解析】obviously。考查副词。修饰动词affected应用副词obviously, 表示“明显地”。故填obviously。
10. 【解析】planned。考查非谓语动词。句意: 我只是按计划行事。表示“按计划”短语为as planned = as it was planned, “as + 过去分词”这一特殊结构, 相当于as it is/was done。故填planned。
Part III 选择性必修三Unit 3重难点词汇强化
Ⅰ.1. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Through it all, she remained in good academic(academy) standing and graduated with honors.
2. (2020·江苏高考)Most provinces and equivalent administrative units started to lower their public health emergency (emerge)response level.
3. With this in mind, not only is the prolongation of their missile notification deal a sign of how closely they trust one another, but it’s also representative (represent) of the profound respect that they hold for each other.
4. (2019·浙江高考)By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence(confident), when, in fact, it may be just the opposite.
5. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Explore the monuments and memorials (memory)on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.
Ⅱ. 1. The emergency services were put on standby after a bomb warning.  
2. She has every confidence in her students’ abilities.  
3. This could reverse years of progress, and is nothing less than an emergency for development.  
4. Not only is food production important but also taking care of the environment.  
5. What I don’t understand is how he could do such a silly thing.  
Ⅲ.
　　Generally, war is ill-flavored, but peace is welcome. While peace is the essential goal of all of our undertakings in this world, war has been 1. unavoidable(avoid) in the course of human civilization because of frictions. Does man have an innate taste in the 2. depth(deep) of his heart for war? Or is it just an acquired scheme(阴谋)3. learned (learn)from human society? We only know that there hasn’t been any period in the history during 4. which the world was really at peace. All armies are on standby, 5. preparing(prepare)for wars. Human beings pursue peace and prosperity through the establishment of families, communities, and nations. Why should we let all these 6. be destroyed (destroy)by wars?  
To reduce the possibility of war 7. to the lowest extent, I have two suggestions. First of all, education should be consolidated to get rid of the brutality(暴行) and beastliness in human nature. Knowledge derives from education and is a surer road to wisdom. Wisdom 8. enables (able)us to distinguish right from wrong. It also teaches us control and tolerance, two effective means of preventing wayward(任性的) killing and destruction. Another cure is religion. Most religions in the world advocate philanthropy and forgiveness, which dissolve hatred and revenge. 9. Consequently(consequent), I have confidence in the possibility 10. that education and religion working side by side can transform a barbarian into a civilized person. With wisdom and love, the human race as a whole will liberate from war and embrace peace.
Part IV 选择性必修三Unit 4重难点词汇强化
Ⅰ. 1. (2020·浙江高考)Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed (assess)the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.
2. (2020·江苏高考 )When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had happened to their lives.
3. (2020·浙江高考)Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激), demanding(demand) jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.
4. (2020·浙江高考) I ran desperately (desperate)but failed to catch up. It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)After a serious flu outbreak wipes (wipe)out 99. 4% of the world’s population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.
Ⅱ. 1. Do not bank/depend/rely/count on the sale of your house, because it is too old.  
2. He speaks English as though/if he were an American.  
3. Until finished, the problem was a continuous worry to me.  
4. You are bound to feel tired after a long walk.  
5. The only cloud on the horizon is my mother-in-law coming to stay in December.  
Ⅲ. 　　
Now we continue our series about artificial intelligence, A. I. , where computers are able to make intelligent decisions without human input.
As computing power gets stronger and people continue to generate massive amounts of data, A. I. is making its way 1. into the marketplace and into your doctor’s 2. examination (exam)room. Hari Sreenivasan has the latest in series on breakthroughs in invention and innovation.
Advances in artificial intelligence continue 3. to push (push)the boundaries between science fiction and reality, like this brain-controlled device at the University of Minnesota. It enables users to fly a model helicopter with only their thoughts. The hope is it will soon help 4. disabled (able)people to operate 5. robotic (robot)arms that they bank on to pick up things. But you don’t need to be in a university lab to find A. I. It’s all around us.  
Our smartphones use A. I. to navigate us, 6. choosing (choose)the least congested traffic routes. Even the U. S. Postal Service uses it to sort mail. And on Wall Street, autonomous machines help make major financial decisions. At least 90 percent of the financial transactions 7. are guided (guide)in one way or another by artificial intelligence.  
Ray Kurzweil directs Google’s engineering lab, but spoke to us in his capacity as an independent inventor. He’s convinced that A. I. programs are already on track to solve many of the problems troubling mankind today. They’re helping us find 8. a cure for disease, 9. which is bound to help us diagnose disease, analyzing environmental data to help us clean up the environment. Virtually every industrial process is a combination already of human and machine intelligence. Large tech firms are betting big on the promise of A. I. Last year, Google paid $400 million to acquire DeepMind, a London startup specializing in deep learning. Facebook is raising eyebrows as it continues to pluck A. I. talent. And IBM is investing $1 billion to grow 10. its (it)Watson division, based out of new headquarters in New York’s Silicon Alley.
Part V 选择性必修三Unit 5重难点词汇强化
Ⅰ. 1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)In another, employees (employ)were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
2. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational(inspiration) home.
3. (2019·江苏高考)Chris and Tim offered us the answer: human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better guide.
4. (2019·北京高考)By the time these solutions(solution) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.
5. (2018·北京高考) Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate (evaluate)ourselves with a critical eye.  
Ⅱ. 1. He takes it for granted that his mother will help him every time he is in trouble.  
2. It will rally the heads of states from around the continent to seek solutions to(寻求解决办法)challenges in the plans drawn by the African Union(AU), which many people do not see as inclusive enough.  
3. His manner was so bright and pleasant that Arthur felt at ease with him at once.  
4. In return for my wise suggestion, he gave me the only fee I ever received for legal advice in the Elm Street Diner, a raffle ticket.  
5. Could I ask for your reaction to this policy which is related to us all?  
Ⅲ.
　　As a city and regional planner by training, to compare with the rural area, I have been alarmed at the tendency to blame urban density(密度) as a primary wrongdoer for New York City’s 1. relatively (relative)severe initial COVID-19 outbreak. An epidemiologist 2. from Stanford, a professor of infectious diseases at the University of California identified density as the enemy in a pandemic in the US by making disputable comparisons between COVID-19 statistics in New York and Los Angeles. However, statistical analysis does not show a consistent 3. connection (connect)between big-city density and COVID-19 impacts. One only needs to look at cities like Hong Kong, Seoul, and Singapore to see that New York’s predicament is the result of many 4. more (much)significant factors than urban density. Those other factors, such as inequality and lack of public health infrastructure, have been well documented elsewhere.
Density is not the problem, 5. as L. V. Anderson points out when 6. discussing (discuss)the resilience(适应力) of cities in a post-COVID-19 world. Crowding is the problem, and“reallocating outdoor space is the city planner’s secret weapon” Bruce Schaller, a New York City transportation consultant, distills this same superb argument very well in his essay 7. entitled (entitle)Density Isn’t Easy. But It’s a Necessity: “The question is not whether we need cities and density. The question is whether we have the vision, commitment, and courage to make our cities just, 8. affordable(afford), and sustainable as well as dense, creative, and diverse. ” I take it for granted that what he said is right.
Urban density, of course, has advantages. It’s the key to being able to offer access to shared comforts, including parks, trails, and other recreational open spaces.
In facing a pandemic like COVID-19, the lesson here should not be becoming anti-density. The parks of this era were specifically designed to avoid crowding and were intended to foster “a temperate, good-natured, and healthy state of mind. ” Parks are a fundamental part of the city’s social infrastructure, 9. which also includes community centers, libraries, and hospitals. We can seek solutions to making cities better in a post-COVID-19 world, here are four salient action items we can take 10. to promote (promote)nature in cities, reduce crowding, and improve urban density’s natural advantages to foster economic resilience and efficiency.  
Part VI 选择性必修三Unit 6重难点词汇强化
Ⅰ. 1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷) But our insisting (insist)it’s merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of requests to open the door.
2. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Some nights my heart was breaking (break)to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers.
3. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful (harm)chemicals in groundwater.
4. (2020· 天津高考) Together, these deep human urges(urge)count for much more than ambition.
5. (2020· 天津高考) Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted (target)to various age groups.
Ⅱ. 1. The young man insisted that he didn’t kill the lady and insisted that he (should)be set free as soon as possible.  
2. She was talking away about her plans when suddenly she broke off.  
3. I saw many boys playing football in the street when I went to school.  
4. The embassy is an obvious target for terrorist attacks.  
5. All night long he lay awake, thinking how to drive the American invaders back home.  
Ⅲ.
　　Nature has provided us 1. with many kinds of resources. Almost everything we use in our everyday life comes from Nature. The food we eat, the water we drink, the clothes we wear, the concrete and bricks to build our houses, the materials to make bikes we ride, etc, all come 2. originally (origin)from Nature.
　　People have been making use of these natural supplies for 3. thousands (thousand)of years. For example, many trees are being cut and fresh water is being wasted, 4. which has caused harm to environment. We are using up our natural resources and at the same time polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, life on earth cannot survive.
With the 5. development (develop)of technology and the increase of the population, the amount and range of materials taken by people will have increased. It 6. is estimated (estimate)that this trend will continue in the years 7. to come (come) .  
　　However, natural resources are not inexhaustible. Some resources are already nearly used up. For example, we can see the end of the 8. world’s (world)fuel being already within sight. Such an essential daily item as water is in short supply in many parts of the world. We can no 9. longer (long)thoughtlessly use the resources provided by Nature. We must learn to conserve 10. what remains. Laws should also be made to ban people from destroying too many natural resources.