高中英语新人教版必修一Unit 3 语法知识附加疑问句精讲
展开高中英语必修一Unit 3
附加疑问句精讲
一、附加疑问句的定义
附加疑问句，又称反义疑问句，主要用于口语，其作用是说话人向对方验证自己的陈述或者判断，也可以用于祈使句表示请求或者建议。
二、附加疑问句的构成
附加疑问句包括陈述部分和附加疑问部分。附加疑问部分一般由助动词、be动词或情态动词和表示主语的代词构成。
组成 | 例句 |
肯定式陈述部分＋否定附加疑问部分 | You often play badminton, don't you?You're going to the gym with me, aren't you？ |
否定式陈述部分＋肯定附加疑问部分 | It's not a real sport, is it?They can't finish it by Friday, can they？ |
含有否定词的陈述部分＋肯定附加疑问部分 | Nobody saw him walk into the room, did they?You've never been to Paris, have you？ |
祈使句＋附加疑问部分 | Come along with me, will you？/can you？/won't you？/can't you?Don't make any noise, will you？ |
三、附加疑问句的回答
附加疑问句的答语与一般疑问句类似，注意其与汉语表达习惯的差异。如：
(1)A：The29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing,weren't they?
B：Yes,they were.(Yes, that's right.)
(2)A：MichaelJordan started to play basketball in college, didn't he?
B：No,he didn't. He first played in a team in senior high school.
(3)A：Davidhas been to a boxing match, hasn't he?
B：No,he hasn't. He always watches boxing on TV.
(4)A：Youcan't cook, can you？你不会做饭，是吗？
B：Yes,I can. I'm good at cooking.不，我会。我做饭很好。
四、变附加疑问句时应注意的问题
1．当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few,little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时，简短问句应用肯定句式。
①Sheseldom goes to the cinema, does she?
她很少去看电影，是吗？
②Hehas never been to London,has he?
他从没去过伦敦，是吗？
2．当陈述部分中表示否定意义的词为含有im， in， dis， un等否定前缀或less等否定后缀的词时，应把陈述部分视为肯定句，简短问句要用否定式。
①Hewas unsuccessful, wasn't he?
他没成功，是吗？
②Yourmother dislikes seeing you with me, doesn't she?
你母亲不喜欢看到你和我在一起，是吗？
3．当陈述部分是“therebe＋主语＋其他”结构时，反意疑问部分要用“be＋there”结构。
Thereare some apples in the box, aren'tthere?
盒子里有些苹果，是吗？
4．陈述部分为祈使句时
(1)祈使句为肯定形式时，若表示“请求”，简短问句通常用willyou；若表示“邀请，劝说”，简短问句用won'tyou。
①Giveme a hand, will you?
帮我一把，好吗？(表示“请求”)
②Cometo have supper with us this evening, won't you?
今晚跟我们一起吃饭，好吗？(表示“邀请”)
(2)祈使句为否定形式时，简短问句通常用will you。
③Don'tmake so much noise, will you?
别弄出这么多噪音，好吗？
(3)如果祈使句以let's开头，简短问句用shallwe；如果祈使句以let us或let me开头，简短问句用will you。
④Let'stry another way, shall we?
我们试试别的方法，好吗？
⑤Letus know your address, will you?
请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗？
5．陈述部分为含有宾语从句的主从复合句时
(1)一般情况：当陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，简短问句的谓语动词和主语通常和主句中的谓语动词和主语分别保持一致。
①Theyknow that he is fromEngland,don't they?
他们知道他来自英国，是吗？
(2)特殊情况：
若陈述部分为：“I/We think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋宾语从句”，简短问句的谓语和主语与宾语从句的谓语和主语分别保持一致，且简短问句用否定形式。
②Webelieve she can do it better, can't she?
我们相信她能做得更好，是吗？
(3)若陈述部分为“I/We don't think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋宾语从句”，简短问句的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致，且简短问句用肯定形式。
③Idon't think that you can do it, can you?
我认为这件事你做不了，是吗？
④Wedon't believe that the news is true, is it?
我们认为消息不实，是吗？
(4)若陈述部分为“主语(非第一人称)＋think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋宾语从句”，简短问句的主语和谓语由主句决定。
⑤Theyall think that English is very useful, don't they?
他们都认为英语很重要，是吗？
⑥Hedoesn't think that I can make it, does he?
他认为我办不到，是吗？
五、附加疑问句的读法
陈述部分一般用降调，而附加疑问部分既可用升调也可用降调，但含义有所不同。通常情况下，用升调时，多表示疑问或请求；用降调时，多表示求证或希望对方同意。如：
Theschool team have won the gold medal, haven't they?
Theschool team have won the gold medal, haven't they?
