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备战中考英语易错题精编 易错点19 短文填空 （原卷版）
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这是一份备战中考英语易错题精编 易错点19 短文填空 （原卷版），共15页。试卷主要包含了 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形， 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案等内容，欢迎下载使用。
首先，冲刺阶段的易错题能够帮助我们快速的查缺补漏，总结经验教训，知识梳理，提高知识的应用能力。
其次，通过对错题分析，其中涉及到的知识点以及考点的分析与总结，它能够减少我们复习过程当中同类型的题或者是同一知识点的犯错频率。
第三，对于错题集的复习，最简单的方法就是盖住答案，然后重新来做一遍，从分析的角度条件的分析以及技巧的使用三个方面进行逐一的排除。
第四，在这些错题当中，并非所有的错题都是每个同学易错的，那么在第一遍的错题复习当中，我们就要进行排除，筛选出符合自己特点错题及其针对性也才更强。
如果自己已经完全掌握的，那么就当是对于知识点的再一次复习。这样的错题对于提升自己的能力来说也才是起到了最大的作用。
易错点19 短文填空
（2021·浙江衢州市·中考真题）
They eat wild animals, plants, berries, nuts, and insects. They hunt with bws and arrws. There are lts f dangerus snakes and spiders. It’s ne f suthern Africa’s 11 (ht) places, and there is ften n water. Then they have t get water frm plants. 12 they are ill, there are n hspitals. The peple have t get medicine frm plants t.
They are the San, 13 last peple living in the Kalahari. The San peple have anther name—”bush peple”. 14 (they) lifestyle is very simple, but they knw mre abut animals and plants than mst peple d. The San peple live in small grups f 25- 50. They live in huts—little “huses”. These huses 15 (make) f wd and grass. There are n schls fr the children. Children learn frm the lder peple in the grup. There are lts f things they have t learn s that they can live 16 a dangerus place like the Kalahari. In the evenings, the grup f peple ften sit arund a fire and tell stries.
The Kalahari is a big area f bushland in the suthern Africa. It 17 (have) tw parts. There is less rain in the suthern part than in the nrthern part, 18 the suth is drier. There are fewer plants and animals there, and it’s mre difficult fr peple 19 (live). But when it rains at the end f the summer, the land becmes greener and mre beautiful. Fr a few weeks, there are 20 (millin) f little flwers and even butterflies!
一、短文填空解题步骤
1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。
快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
二、解题技巧
★ 已给出单词提示型的解题技巧
（1）名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。如：
There are many students living at schl, the ___________(child) huses are all far frm sch1.
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作huses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children’s。
（2）动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。如：
A talk ___________ (give) tmrrw is written by Prfessr Zhang.
句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tmrrw可以看出，报告是＂将来＂作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式：t be given。
（3）代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如n ne/nne、ther/anther等。如：
The king decided t see the painter by ___________ (he).
由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。
（4）形容词、副词比较等级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词前加mre/less和mst/least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。如：
I am ___________ (tall) than Liu Wen. He is the tallest students in my class.
此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那＂我＂肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的＂less tall＂。
（5）数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen、-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及ne/tw的特殊变化形式nce/twice。如：
T my three sns I leave my seventeen hrses. My eldest sn shall take a half, my secnd sn shall take a ___________ (three)...
从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是＂一半＂或＂二分之一＂，那么二儿子应该得＂三分之一＂，所以要填入作分母的序数词＂third＂才能命中目标。
（6）词的派生。词的派生现象在英语中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。如：
Lius lst his wallet yesterday, S he was very ___________ (happiness).
在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由提示词happiness可知，它的构成词根是happy；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。
★ 未给出单词提示型的解题技巧
在不给任何提示的情况下填空，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。
（7）固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词＂视而不见＂才能命中答案。如：
The children were playing n the grund, enjying ___________, dirty but happy.
从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjy neself短语，故其答案为themselves。
（8）从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。如：
①He did nt dne ___________ his father had asked him t d.
通过审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。
②Thse ___________ want t g t the village must sign here.
经过分析可以判断出横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步分析可知先行词为thse，且指人，所以只能填wh。
（9）短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。如：
Mrs. Baker was ill, s her daughter had t ask fr leave t take ___________ f her.
生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care f。
（10）介词短语结构。介词短语即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except fr，due t等。如：
Mr. Smith tk a plane t Lndn ___________ f taking a train.
此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句是＂坐……而不是坐……＂的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead f。
（11）连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and，r，but，s，fr，while等，常用的关联短语有，，，nt als等。如：
①Little Wang Jun culd nt g t schl, ___________ his family was t pr.
此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，故填fr。
②___________ Marrie and Jannie like ging t the theatre.
横线处的词与后面可以构成，故答案为Bth。
（12）冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，n，befre，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，常见的有hwever，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查-1y形式的方式副词。如：
①Jackie likes t drive at ___________ high speed.
这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，＂以高速＂开车。
②Old Tm’s granddaughter used t visit him ___________ Saturday afternn.
Saturday afternn是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用n才是正解。
③It was nly ne day left, ___________, his father had n idea t answer him.
观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是hwever。
（13）上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词或其反义词或其同类的某个词。
答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。如：
Tny ___________ travelling abrad, but dislikes staying hme watching TV.
由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断出，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。
上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，在备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高在此题型上的得分率。
三、做短文填空题应注意的问题
1. 语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免＂只见树木，不见森林＂的错误。
2. 要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。
3. 填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。
4. 有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。
5. 选词填空题和首字母填空题一般只有一个答案，自由填空题虽然可能允许有多个正确答案，但只能选择其中一个填入，因为每个空格只准填写一个单词，多填反而出错。
6. 到考场上以第一感觉为准，不要来回地看，既耽误时间，又容易动摇自己的选择。 要凭预感一气呵成地完成填空。
（一）（2021·河北中考真题）
Hi Alice,
My name’s Zha Ming and I’d like t be yur pen friend. I’m 16 years ld. I have tw little brthers. They’re very 21 (lve). I ften help my parents lk 22 them in my spare time. My mther 23 (wrk) in a ty shp. She lves 24 (she) jb. And my father is 25 engineer. He is busy every day, 26 he tries t spend mre time with us.
I’m in the schl basketball team. We usually play 27 (match) n Saturday mrnings. Last week, we played against anther schl. They ran 28 (fast) than us. Hwever, we had better teamwrk. Finally, we 29 (win)! Hw happy we were! This is the 30 (eight) time we beat them.
Culd yu tell me smething abut yu? Please write.
Best,
Zha Ming
（二）（2021·湖南长沙市·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry is 31 American businessman. One day, when he was sailing (航行) n a bat near San Francisc, he was carried ut int the sea by a strng wind. 32 (luck), he was discvered and picked up by a Lndn-bund (开往伦敦的) ship. S he 33 (land) in Lndn by accident. Alne and 34 (hunger), he walked n the streets f the city. Unexpectedly, he 35 (call) int a big huse. There tw rich 36 (brther), Oliver and Rderick, gave him a letter and tld 37 (he) nt t pen it until tw 'clck f the day. Henry didn’t knw it was a millin-pund (百万英镑) bank nte. He left the big huse and went int a cheap restaurant t get smething t eat. Everyne was implite and impatient t him. Why? 38 he was in rags (衣衫褴褛) and lked dirty. Then, 39 everyne’s surprise, he handed the wner a millin-pund bank nte t pay fr the meal. On seeing the nte, all the peple in the restaurant became friendly and tried their best 40 (please) Henry. Dn’t yu think it’s the mst unbelievable stry in the wrld?
（三）（2021·四川眉山市·中考真题）
A Chinese dance drama 41 (make) the first appearance n scial media platfrms abrad already, causing a wave f discussin n the beauty f Chinese culture amng art lvers wrldwide.
The dance drama Li Bai is 42 classic play made by the China Natinal Opera and Dance Drama Theater. It has tuched peple all ver the wrld 43 telling the stry f Tang Dynasty (618 AD—907 AD) pet Li Bai.
Li Bai was brn in 701 AD 44 died in 762 AD．Maybe because he traveled arund s much when he was little, he decided 45 (keep) traveling arund the land when he was 25 years ld. He wanted t learn mre abut nature and peple. He expressed his feelings thrugh the beautiful wrds in his pems. Peple 46 (real) liked his pems. Even tday peple still admire his pems, nt nly adults, but 47 (child) t. Kids start t learn his pems when they are in primary schls. Li Bai is ne f the 48 (imprtant) pets in China. He is just as imprtant as William Shakespeare t the wrld.
Last mnth, the dance drama Li Bai 49 (watch) ver 5.57 millin times. And China has nce again carried Chinese culture frward in 50 (it) wn way.
（四）（2021·浙江台州市·中考真题）
阅读下面的短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的词, 或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Ten-year-ld Orin Jean has always knwn that kindness is imprtant. He ften practiced it by vlunteering with his family. 51 , after entering the Natinal Kindness Speech Cntest, he became mre active in it. Nw he wrks t spread kindness everywhere thrugh prjects which help thers. He calls 52 (he) actin the Race t Kindness.
After 53 teacher tld him abut the cntest, Orin had nly 24 hurs t write, memrize 54 recrd his speech. In it, he talked 55 the imprtance f kindness. “Kindness is like spreading hugs arund the wrld t thse wh need it.” Orin said. He encurages 56 (listener) t jin him in “the race f kindness” by ding small, kind acts fr thers. Orin’s speech wn the cntest. He used his $500 prize 57 (cllect) 619 tys fr a lcal children’s hspital. After that, Orin wanted t make an even 58 (big) influence. In charity he packed meal bxes fr peple in need including a kind message fr each receiver.
Orin says, “If smene is treated 59 (kind), it can make their day brighter and encurage that persn t be kind t smebdy else. And then it just 60 (grw) and makes the wrld a better place.”
（五）（2021·浙江宁波市·中考真题）
Susan was tired f having her three children talk back t her. One day, she climbed int her kids’ tree huse. It was 61 gd place, she thught, fr a mther t g n strike（罢工）. She was tired f 62 (drive) them everywhere withut thanks and ding mre than her share f the wrk arund the huse. Until 63 (thing) changed, Susan decided t stay up in the tree.
Susan’s strike gt her kids’ attentin, 64 curse. But that was nt all that happened. Wrd f the fed-up mther spread. Befre lng, a camera crew frm televisin’s Tday Shw came int their yard. Nw peple all acrss America were ging t find 65 wh drve the kids’ mther up a tree.
As the cameras wrked, the three kids std with their father near the tree huse. Kate, the Tday Shw hst, had a questin fr 66 (they). “What d yu think abut yur mm n strike in that tree huse?” she asked.
“I am kind f embarrassed,” said Misty.
“I’m really shcked, “said Jseph. “I did nt think it wuld g this far. My mm is much 67 (crazy) than we thught.”
Rachel added, “I think mm is s strange 68 I can hardly believe it.”
But Susan had made her pint. If the kids 69 (want) her back, they shuld knw what t d. When the TV crew left, the kids went int their huse 70 (quick) and gt busy. Nt lng after that Susan climbed dwn frm the tree and went back t being a mm.
（六）（2021·江苏苏州市·中考真题）
Des my gldfish knw wh I am?
I think this is a great questin. I d spend my days 71 (study) hw fish g abut their lives. First f all, fish are much smarter than peple think. Peple ften talk f gldfish having three-secnd memries, but in fact they can learn all kinds f things, and remember them 72 quite a lng time.
This shuldn’t surprise us t much. Just like ther animals, they can find enugh t eat, and 73 (knw) when it is sale t be ut in the pen. Being able t learn and remember things helps 74 (they) d this.
Many kinds f fish can tell ne frm anther, accrding t their grup, their relatives, 75 even their wn eggs. But fish live in 76 very different wrld frm us. Fr many kinds f fish, althugh seeing is imprtant, 77 (sense) such as smell and tuch are even mre imprtant.
S, des yur fish knw wh yu are? I believe yur fish will 78 (sure) knw when it is feeding time. My wn fish becme very 79 (excite) when my hand appears near their tank, even befre I drp the fd in. I’m nt sure that yur fish will be able t remember what yur face 80 (lk) like, but I wuldn’t be t surprised if it culd remember yu in ther ways, perhaps by the sund f yur ftsteps as yu walk twards the tank.
（七）（2021·四川德阳市·中考真题）
Accrding t a recent survey, vilence(暴力) did happen in schls. Students shwed 81 (they) fear and parents and teachers als expressed their wrries abut it. Experts hpe that 82 whle sciety pay mre attentin t the mental health f teenagers.
Nwadays, schl vilence is a ht prblem. I think this is als a big prblem 83 needs ur great attentin. We shuld make every effrt t prevent vilence 84 (happen) at schl, fr mre and mre students wuld drp ut f schl if their persnal 85 (safe) culdn’t be guaranteed.
In fact, vilence can 86 (learn). Children learn vilent behavir frm adults r frm what they see n televisin r n the Internet.
If I meet with schl vilence, I will nt answer vilence with vilence, fr it will lead t 87 (much) fighting. If I meet with schl vilence, I 88 (tell) my teachers r parents abut it. I think they will help me deal with it well and they will prtect me frm bad 89 (guy).
All in all, every student shuld behave well and keep away 90 vilence.
（八）（2021·山东枣庄市·中考真题）
D yu like Chinese flk music? Maybe yur answer is n, but I like it very much. Last night, a friend f 91 (my) tk me t a cncert f Chinese flk music. The piece had a simple name, Erquan Yingyue (Mn Relected n Secnd Spring), which was played n the erhu, especially mved me. The erhu sunded sad 92 t make me almst cry alng with it as I listened. 93 the music was strangely beautiful, under the 94 (beautiful) I sensed a strng sadness and pain. Later I lked up the stry f Erquan Yingyue, and I began t understand the sadness in the music.
Abing, a flk musician 95 was brn in the city f Wuxi in 1893, 96 (write) the music. His mther died when he was very yung. He 97 (teach) t play many instruments by his father, and by age 17, Abing was famus 98 his musical ability. Hwever, after his father died, Abing’s life grew 99 (bad). He was very pr. Nt nly that, he develped a serius illness and became blind. Fr several years, he had n hme. He lived n the streets and played music 100 (make) a living.
（九）（2021·浙江金华市·中考真题）
The tp Chinese scientist Yuan Lngping, famus fr his “Super Rice”, died f illness at the age f 91 111 May 22th, 2021.
Yuan Lngping 112 (be) brn in Beijing in 1930. Fr almst 60 years, he had given mst f his time and energy t rice research. S far, the hybrid rice(杂交水稻)he develped 113 (pull) millins f peple ut f hunger all ver the wrld. His achievements were s great 114 he was called “The Father f Hybrid Rice” and wn Wrld Fd Prize.
During his lifetime, Yuan Lngping spent 115 (much)time in the farm field than in his ffice. He was ften seen watching plants 116 (clse)and thinking f ways t imprve them, just as many Chinese 117 (farmer)d.
Yuan nce said he had 118 dream—t “enjy the cl under the rice plants taller than men”. 119 a pity it is that he can’t cntinue his dream nw! But surely, peple believe, his dream 120 (cme) true in the near future.
（十）（2021·浙江嘉兴市·中考真题）
In the past, my ld grandmther didn’t enjy talking n the phne. Actually, she hated it s she was always refusing 121 (use) it. She tld us that she preferred speaking t peple in persn. It always 122 (make) her sad that she culdn’t see the persn she was talking t. The ther day, we chatted with my grandmther, 123 mentined vide calling ver the Internet. It 124 (invent) fr peple t see each ther while talking nline. Then we came up with 125 idea. We bught her a laptp (笔记本电脑). One f my 126 (cusin) went ver t her huse and taught her hw t use it. 127 (lucky), she was a quick learner.
Nw, she enjys 128 (her) when talking with us every day. She is happy and yu can tell frm the expressin 129 her face. She says it’s als very cnvenient. She can put it anywhere in the huse 130 it is small and desn’t take up much rm. Smetimes she even talks t us while she’s in the kitchen cking!
（十一）（2021·浙江丽水市·中考真题）
Ed, William and Dan are three yung men wh lve music. They’ve left their cmfrtable hmes withut taking any 131 (mney) r mbile phnes. They plan 132 (walk) arund the whle Britain, singing fr dinner and sleeping anywhere like fields.
Ed and Dan met William when they were at schl. They all liked walking. 133 they finished schl, Ed went t study art in Paris and became 134 artist. Dan became a gardener and William a bkseller. They were still friends, 135 they weren’t very happy with their lives.
One day they said, “Why dn’t we start walking?” And s they did.
They lve simple activities 136 the busy, stressful wrld.
“Peple ften ask 137 (we) why we’re ding this. But yu knw it’s a great life and we’re learning s much n ur jurney,” says William 138 (prud).
Last year they started a website t tell peple a lt f stries abut their walks. This year they’d like t make vides and tell 139 (many) stries. Next year, they 140 make CD f their sngs and star charity. The future lks gd.
（十二）（2021·浙江衢州市·中考真题）
Edgar Snw(1905—1972) was an American reprter. He is best knwn fr his bks and 1 （文章）n Cmmunism in China and the Chinese Cmmunist revlutin.
Snw came t China in 1928. He spent ver 10 years 2 （旅行）widely in China and trying t understand its peple. At the same time, he tried t shw what he learned t the rest f the wrld.
Fr 3 （例子）, Red Star Over China, which came ut in the 1930s, is knwn as the first bk that intrduced China’s revlutin t the west. In it, Snw 4 （收集）firsthand infrmatin n the Lng March, as well as n the wrk and lifestyle f members f the Cmmunist Party f China in Shaanxi Prvince.
Many Westerners were intrduced t the Party thrugh his bk. Nrman Bethune, a 5 （加拿大的）dctr, came t China after reading Snw’s bk. He wrked 6 （努力地）t save the lives f Chinese sldiers during Wrld War I.
“When the 7 （整个的）wrld had frgtten us, Snw came t see us and tld the wrld what had happened. We will remember Snw’s great help t China frever,” Chairman Ma said during an 8 （采访）with a German reprter in 1938.
Snw’s spirit is still needed nw, as well as in the 9 （将来）, accrding t Peple’s Daily. “N writer has spken mre 10 （强烈地）abut Sin-US relatins than Edgar Snw. And n matter the era, peple arund the wrld always need sme srt f link,” the paper said.
（十三）（2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出
Susan is the daughter f the famus envirnmental scientist Clark. But the wman has becme an envirnmentalist n her 11 .
In 1992, the first UN Earth Summit(峰会) was held in Ri de Janeir. Thusands f peple frm arund the wrld h 12 fr it t talk abut the Earth’s tmrrw. Twelve-year-ld Susan and three f her friends frmed a grup. They raised mney t travel t Ri t a 13 the summit.
At the summit, Susan said that the state f the envirnment w 14 her a lt. “Yu dn’t knw hw t fix the hles in ur zne layer (臭氧层). Yu dn’t knw hw t bring back frests that nce g 15 where there is nw desert. If yu dn’t knw hw t fix the Earth, please stp b 16 it!” The six-minute speech silenced all the peple and made them fall int deep thinking.
After that speech, Susan began t lead “tw lives.” On the t 17 days, she was a schlchild. But during her vacatins, she s 18 internatinally abut the envirnment.
Nw, nearly 30 years has passed since Susan made her Ri speech. Althugh many f the wrld’s envirnmental prblems have nly becme w 19 , Susan des agree that sme things are different nw. Mre and mre peple give vice like Susan because they have realized the imprtance f the envirnment.
“Thirty years ag, I was fighting fr my tmrrw. Nw, I am fighting fr the f 20 f my sns,” says Susan, nw a mther f tw, wh has kept calling peple's attentin t climate change.
首先，冲刺阶段的易错题能够帮助我们快速的查缺补漏，总结经验教训，知识梳理，提高知识的应用能力。
其次，通过对错题分析，其中涉及到的知识点以及考点的分析与总结，它能够减少我们复习过程当中同类型的题或者是同一知识点的犯错频率。
第三，对于错题集的复习，最简单的方法就是盖住答案，然后重新来做一遍，从分析的角度条件的分析以及技巧的使用三个方面进行逐一的排除。
第四，在这些错题当中，并非所有的错题都是每个同学易错的，那么在第一遍的错题复习当中，我们就要进行排除，筛选出符合自己特点错题及其针对性也才更强。
如果自己已经完全掌握的，那么就当是对于知识点的再一次复习。这样的错题对于提升自己的能力来说也才是起到了最大的作用。
易错点19 短文填空
（2021·浙江衢州市·中考真题）
They eat wild animals, plants, berries, nuts, and insects. They hunt with bws and arrws. There are lts f dangerus snakes and spiders. It’s ne f suthern Africa’s 11 (ht) places, and there is ften n water. Then they have t get water frm plants. 12 they are ill, there are n hspitals. The peple have t get medicine frm plants t.
They are the San, 13 last peple living in the Kalahari. The San peple have anther name—”bush peple”. 14 (they) lifestyle is very simple, but they knw mre abut animals and plants than mst peple d. The San peple live in small grups f 25- 50. They live in huts—little “huses”. These huses 15 (make) f wd and grass. There are n schls fr the children. Children learn frm the lder peple in the grup. There are lts f things they have t learn s that they can live 16 a dangerus place like the Kalahari. In the evenings, the grup f peple ften sit arund a fire and tell stries.
The Kalahari is a big area f bushland in the suthern Africa. It 17 (have) tw parts. There is less rain in the suthern part than in the nrthern part, 18 the suth is drier. There are fewer plants and animals there, and it’s mre difficult fr peple 19 (live). But when it rains at the end f the summer, the land becmes greener and mre beautiful. Fr a few weeks, there are 20 (millin) f little flwers and even butterflies!
一、短文填空解题步骤
1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。
快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
二、解题技巧
★ 已给出单词提示型的解题技巧
（1）名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。如：
There are many students living at schl, the ___________(child) huses are all far frm sch1.
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作huses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children’s。
（2）动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。如：
A talk ___________ (give) tmrrw is written by Prfessr Zhang.
句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tmrrw可以看出，报告是＂将来＂作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式：t be given。
（3）代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如n ne/nne、ther/anther等。如：
The king decided t see the painter by ___________ (he).
由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。
（4）形容词、副词比较等级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词前加mre/less和mst/least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。如：
I am ___________ (tall) than Liu Wen. He is the tallest students in my class.
此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那＂我＂肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的＂less tall＂。
（5）数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen、-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及ne/tw的特殊变化形式nce/twice。如：
T my three sns I leave my seventeen hrses. My eldest sn shall take a half, my secnd sn shall take a ___________ (three)...
从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是＂一半＂或＂二分之一＂，那么二儿子应该得＂三分之一＂，所以要填入作分母的序数词＂third＂才能命中目标。
（6）词的派生。词的派生现象在英语中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。如：
Lius lst his wallet yesterday, S he was very ___________ (happiness).
在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由提示词happiness可知，它的构成词根是happy；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。
★ 未给出单词提示型的解题技巧
在不给任何提示的情况下填空，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。
（7）固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词＂视而不见＂才能命中答案。如：
The children were playing n the grund, enjying ___________, dirty but happy.
从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjy neself短语，故其答案为themselves。
（8）从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。如：
①He did nt dne ___________ his father had asked him t d.
通过审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。
②Thse ___________ want t g t the village must sign here.
经过分析可以判断出横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步分析可知先行词为thse，且指人，所以只能填wh。
（9）短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。如：
Mrs. Baker was ill, s her daughter had t ask fr leave t take ___________ f her.
生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care f。
（10）介词短语结构。介词短语即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except fr，due t等。如：
Mr. Smith tk a plane t Lndn ___________ f taking a train.
此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句是＂坐……而不是坐……＂的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead f。
（11）连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and，r，but，s，fr，while等，常用的关联短语有，，，nt als等。如：
①Little Wang Jun culd nt g t schl, ___________ his family was t pr.
此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，故填fr。
②___________ Marrie and Jannie like ging t the theatre.
横线处的词与后面可以构成，故答案为Bth。
（12）冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，n，befre，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，常见的有hwever，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查-1y形式的方式副词。如：
①Jackie likes t drive at ___________ high speed.
这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，＂以高速＂开车。
②Old Tm’s granddaughter used t visit him ___________ Saturday afternn.
Saturday afternn是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用n才是正解。
③It was nly ne day left, ___________, his father had n idea t answer him.
观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是hwever。
（13）上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词或其反义词或其同类的某个词。
答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。如：
Tny ___________ travelling abrad, but dislikes staying hme watching TV.
由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断出，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。
上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，在备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高在此题型上的得分率。
三、做短文填空题应注意的问题
1. 语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免＂只见树木，不见森林＂的错误。
2. 要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。
3. 填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。
4. 有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。
5. 选词填空题和首字母填空题一般只有一个答案，自由填空题虽然可能允许有多个正确答案，但只能选择其中一个填入，因为每个空格只准填写一个单词，多填反而出错。
6. 到考场上以第一感觉为准，不要来回地看，既耽误时间，又容易动摇自己的选择。 要凭预感一气呵成地完成填空。
（一）（2021·河北中考真题）
Hi Alice,
My name’s Zha Ming and I’d like t be yur pen friend. I’m 16 years ld. I have tw little brthers. They’re very 21 (lve). I ften help my parents lk 22 them in my spare time. My mther 23 (wrk) in a ty shp. She lves 24 (she) jb. And my father is 25 engineer. He is busy every day, 26 he tries t spend mre time with us.
I’m in the schl basketball team. We usually play 27 (match) n Saturday mrnings. Last week, we played against anther schl. They ran 28 (fast) than us. Hwever, we had better teamwrk. Finally, we 29 (win)! Hw happy we were! This is the 30 (eight) time we beat them.
Culd yu tell me smething abut yu? Please write.
Best,
Zha Ming
（二）（2021·湖南长沙市·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry is 31 American businessman. One day, when he was sailing (航行) n a bat near San Francisc, he was carried ut int the sea by a strng wind. 32 (luck), he was discvered and picked up by a Lndn-bund (开往伦敦的) ship. S he 33 (land) in Lndn by accident. Alne and 34 (hunger), he walked n the streets f the city. Unexpectedly, he 35 (call) int a big huse. There tw rich 36 (brther), Oliver and Rderick, gave him a letter and tld 37 (he) nt t pen it until tw 'clck f the day. Henry didn’t knw it was a millin-pund (百万英镑) bank nte. He left the big huse and went int a cheap restaurant t get smething t eat. Everyne was implite and impatient t him. Why? 38 he was in rags (衣衫褴褛) and lked dirty. Then, 39 everyne’s surprise, he handed the wner a millin-pund bank nte t pay fr the meal. On seeing the nte, all the peple in the restaurant became friendly and tried their best 40 (please) Henry. Dn’t yu think it’s the mst unbelievable stry in the wrld?
（三）（2021·四川眉山市·中考真题）
A Chinese dance drama 41 (make) the first appearance n scial media platfrms abrad already, causing a wave f discussin n the beauty f Chinese culture amng art lvers wrldwide.
The dance drama Li Bai is 42 classic play made by the China Natinal Opera and Dance Drama Theater. It has tuched peple all ver the wrld 43 telling the stry f Tang Dynasty (618 AD—907 AD) pet Li Bai.
Li Bai was brn in 701 AD 44 died in 762 AD．Maybe because he traveled arund s much when he was little, he decided 45 (keep) traveling arund the land when he was 25 years ld. He wanted t learn mre abut nature and peple. He expressed his feelings thrugh the beautiful wrds in his pems. Peple 46 (real) liked his pems. Even tday peple still admire his pems, nt nly adults, but 47 (child) t. Kids start t learn his pems when they are in primary schls. Li Bai is ne f the 48 (imprtant) pets in China. He is just as imprtant as William Shakespeare t the wrld.
Last mnth, the dance drama Li Bai 49 (watch) ver 5.57 millin times. And China has nce again carried Chinese culture frward in 50 (it) wn way.
（四）（2021·浙江台州市·中考真题）
阅读下面的短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的词, 或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Ten-year-ld Orin Jean has always knwn that kindness is imprtant. He ften practiced it by vlunteering with his family. 51 , after entering the Natinal Kindness Speech Cntest, he became mre active in it. Nw he wrks t spread kindness everywhere thrugh prjects which help thers. He calls 52 (he) actin the Race t Kindness.
After 53 teacher tld him abut the cntest, Orin had nly 24 hurs t write, memrize 54 recrd his speech. In it, he talked 55 the imprtance f kindness. “Kindness is like spreading hugs arund the wrld t thse wh need it.” Orin said. He encurages 56 (listener) t jin him in “the race f kindness” by ding small, kind acts fr thers. Orin’s speech wn the cntest. He used his $500 prize 57 (cllect) 619 tys fr a lcal children’s hspital. After that, Orin wanted t make an even 58 (big) influence. In charity he packed meal bxes fr peple in need including a kind message fr each receiver.
Orin says, “If smene is treated 59 (kind), it can make their day brighter and encurage that persn t be kind t smebdy else. And then it just 60 (grw) and makes the wrld a better place.”
（五）（2021·浙江宁波市·中考真题）
Susan was tired f having her three children talk back t her. One day, she climbed int her kids’ tree huse. It was 61 gd place, she thught, fr a mther t g n strike（罢工）. She was tired f 62 (drive) them everywhere withut thanks and ding mre than her share f the wrk arund the huse. Until 63 (thing) changed, Susan decided t stay up in the tree.
Susan’s strike gt her kids’ attentin, 64 curse. But that was nt all that happened. Wrd f the fed-up mther spread. Befre lng, a camera crew frm televisin’s Tday Shw came int their yard. Nw peple all acrss America were ging t find 65 wh drve the kids’ mther up a tree.
As the cameras wrked, the three kids std with their father near the tree huse. Kate, the Tday Shw hst, had a questin fr 66 (they). “What d yu think abut yur mm n strike in that tree huse?” she asked.
“I am kind f embarrassed,” said Misty.
“I’m really shcked, “said Jseph. “I did nt think it wuld g this far. My mm is much 67 (crazy) than we thught.”
Rachel added, “I think mm is s strange 68 I can hardly believe it.”
But Susan had made her pint. If the kids 69 (want) her back, they shuld knw what t d. When the TV crew left, the kids went int their huse 70 (quick) and gt busy. Nt lng after that Susan climbed dwn frm the tree and went back t being a mm.
（六）（2021·江苏苏州市·中考真题）
Des my gldfish knw wh I am?
I think this is a great questin. I d spend my days 71 (study) hw fish g abut their lives. First f all, fish are much smarter than peple think. Peple ften talk f gldfish having three-secnd memries, but in fact they can learn all kinds f things, and remember them 72 quite a lng time.
This shuldn’t surprise us t much. Just like ther animals, they can find enugh t eat, and 73 (knw) when it is sale t be ut in the pen. Being able t learn and remember things helps 74 (they) d this.
Many kinds f fish can tell ne frm anther, accrding t their grup, their relatives, 75 even their wn eggs. But fish live in 76 very different wrld frm us. Fr many kinds f fish, althugh seeing is imprtant, 77 (sense) such as smell and tuch are even mre imprtant.
S, des yur fish knw wh yu are? I believe yur fish will 78 (sure) knw when it is feeding time. My wn fish becme very 79 (excite) when my hand appears near their tank, even befre I drp the fd in. I’m nt sure that yur fish will be able t remember what yur face 80 (lk) like, but I wuldn’t be t surprised if it culd remember yu in ther ways, perhaps by the sund f yur ftsteps as yu walk twards the tank.
（七）（2021·四川德阳市·中考真题）
Accrding t a recent survey, vilence(暴力) did happen in schls. Students shwed 81 (they) fear and parents and teachers als expressed their wrries abut it. Experts hpe that 82 whle sciety pay mre attentin t the mental health f teenagers.
Nwadays, schl vilence is a ht prblem. I think this is als a big prblem 83 needs ur great attentin. We shuld make every effrt t prevent vilence 84 (happen) at schl, fr mre and mre students wuld drp ut f schl if their persnal 85 (safe) culdn’t be guaranteed.
In fact, vilence can 86 (learn). Children learn vilent behavir frm adults r frm what they see n televisin r n the Internet.
If I meet with schl vilence, I will nt answer vilence with vilence, fr it will lead t 87 (much) fighting. If I meet with schl vilence, I 88 (tell) my teachers r parents abut it. I think they will help me deal with it well and they will prtect me frm bad 89 (guy).
All in all, every student shuld behave well and keep away 90 vilence.
（八）（2021·山东枣庄市·中考真题）
D yu like Chinese flk music? Maybe yur answer is n, but I like it very much. Last night, a friend f 91 (my) tk me t a cncert f Chinese flk music. The piece had a simple name, Erquan Yingyue (Mn Relected n Secnd Spring), which was played n the erhu, especially mved me. The erhu sunded sad 92 t make me almst cry alng with it as I listened. 93 the music was strangely beautiful, under the 94 (beautiful) I sensed a strng sadness and pain. Later I lked up the stry f Erquan Yingyue, and I began t understand the sadness in the music.
Abing, a flk musician 95 was brn in the city f Wuxi in 1893, 96 (write) the music. His mther died when he was very yung. He 97 (teach) t play many instruments by his father, and by age 17, Abing was famus 98 his musical ability. Hwever, after his father died, Abing’s life grew 99 (bad). He was very pr. Nt nly that, he develped a serius illness and became blind. Fr several years, he had n hme. He lived n the streets and played music 100 (make) a living.
（九）（2021·浙江金华市·中考真题）
The tp Chinese scientist Yuan Lngping, famus fr his “Super Rice”, died f illness at the age f 91 111 May 22th, 2021.
Yuan Lngping 112 (be) brn in Beijing in 1930. Fr almst 60 years, he had given mst f his time and energy t rice research. S far, the hybrid rice(杂交水稻)he develped 113 (pull) millins f peple ut f hunger all ver the wrld. His achievements were s great 114 he was called “The Father f Hybrid Rice” and wn Wrld Fd Prize.
During his lifetime, Yuan Lngping spent 115 (much)time in the farm field than in his ffice. He was ften seen watching plants 116 (clse)and thinking f ways t imprve them, just as many Chinese 117 (farmer)d.
Yuan nce said he had 118 dream—t “enjy the cl under the rice plants taller than men”. 119 a pity it is that he can’t cntinue his dream nw! But surely, peple believe, his dream 120 (cme) true in the near future.
（十）（2021·浙江嘉兴市·中考真题）
In the past, my ld grandmther didn’t enjy talking n the phne. Actually, she hated it s she was always refusing 121 (use) it. She tld us that she preferred speaking t peple in persn. It always 122 (make) her sad that she culdn’t see the persn she was talking t. The ther day, we chatted with my grandmther, 123 mentined vide calling ver the Internet. It 124 (invent) fr peple t see each ther while talking nline. Then we came up with 125 idea. We bught her a laptp (笔记本电脑). One f my 126 (cusin) went ver t her huse and taught her hw t use it. 127 (lucky), she was a quick learner.
Nw, she enjys 128 (her) when talking with us every day. She is happy and yu can tell frm the expressin 129 her face. She says it’s als very cnvenient. She can put it anywhere in the huse 130 it is small and desn’t take up much rm. Smetimes she even talks t us while she’s in the kitchen cking!
（十一）（2021·浙江丽水市·中考真题）
Ed, William and Dan are three yung men wh lve music. They’ve left their cmfrtable hmes withut taking any 131 (mney) r mbile phnes. They plan 132 (walk) arund the whle Britain, singing fr dinner and sleeping anywhere like fields.
Ed and Dan met William when they were at schl. They all liked walking. 133 they finished schl, Ed went t study art in Paris and became 134 artist. Dan became a gardener and William a bkseller. They were still friends, 135 they weren’t very happy with their lives.
One day they said, “Why dn’t we start walking?” And s they did.
They lve simple activities 136 the busy, stressful wrld.
“Peple ften ask 137 (we) why we’re ding this. But yu knw it’s a great life and we’re learning s much n ur jurney,” says William 138 (prud).
Last year they started a website t tell peple a lt f stries abut their walks. This year they’d like t make vides and tell 139 (many) stries. Next year, they 140 make CD f their sngs and star charity. The future lks gd.
（十二）（2021·浙江衢州市·中考真题）
Edgar Snw(1905—1972) was an American reprter. He is best knwn fr his bks and 1 （文章）n Cmmunism in China and the Chinese Cmmunist revlutin.
Snw came t China in 1928. He spent ver 10 years 2 （旅行）widely in China and trying t understand its peple. At the same time, he tried t shw what he learned t the rest f the wrld.
Fr 3 （例子）, Red Star Over China, which came ut in the 1930s, is knwn as the first bk that intrduced China’s revlutin t the west. In it, Snw 4 （收集）firsthand infrmatin n the Lng March, as well as n the wrk and lifestyle f members f the Cmmunist Party f China in Shaanxi Prvince.
Many Westerners were intrduced t the Party thrugh his bk. Nrman Bethune, a 5 （加拿大的）dctr, came t China after reading Snw’s bk. He wrked 6 （努力地）t save the lives f Chinese sldiers during Wrld War I.
“When the 7 （整个的）wrld had frgtten us, Snw came t see us and tld the wrld what had happened. We will remember Snw’s great help t China frever,” Chairman Ma said during an 8 （采访）with a German reprter in 1938.
Snw’s spirit is still needed nw, as well as in the 9 （将来）, accrding t Peple’s Daily. “N writer has spken mre 10 （强烈地）abut Sin-US relatins than Edgar Snw. And n matter the era, peple arund the wrld always need sme srt f link,” the paper said.
（十三）（2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出
Susan is the daughter f the famus envirnmental scientist Clark. But the wman has becme an envirnmentalist n her 11 .
In 1992, the first UN Earth Summit(峰会) was held in Ri de Janeir. Thusands f peple frm arund the wrld h 12 fr it t talk abut the Earth’s tmrrw. Twelve-year-ld Susan and three f her friends frmed a grup. They raised mney t travel t Ri t a 13 the summit.
At the summit, Susan said that the state f the envirnment w 14 her a lt. “Yu dn’t knw hw t fix the hles in ur zne layer (臭氧层). Yu dn’t knw hw t bring back frests that nce g 15 where there is nw desert. If yu dn’t knw hw t fix the Earth, please stp b 16 it!” The six-minute speech silenced all the peple and made them fall int deep thinking.
After that speech, Susan began t lead “tw lives.” On the t 17 days, she was a schlchild. But during her vacatins, she s 18 internatinally abut the envirnment.
Nw, nearly 30 years has passed since Susan made her Ri speech. Althugh many f the wrld’s envirnmental prblems have nly becme w 19 , Susan des agree that sme things are different nw. Mre and mre peple give vice like Susan because they have realized the imprtance f the envirnment.
“Thirty years ag, I was fighting fr my tmrrw. Nw, I am fighting fr the f 20 f my sns,” says Susan, nw a mther f tw, wh has kept calling peple's attentin t climate change.
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