中考二轮英语专项练 专题17 阅读理解之议论文类

中考英语总复习方法指导

中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。

中考总复习一般分为三轮：

1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。

通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。

2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。

第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。

3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。

复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。

专题17 阅读理解之议论文类

【要点提炼】

考点扫描

近几年随着中考改革的不断深入，阅读理解题更强调对阅读速度、知识面和理解能力的考查，试题变得越来越灵活，形式更加多样化，内容涉及政治、经济、文化、历史、人物、科普、新闻、 广告甚至图表。在各类体裁中，议论文是考生较容易失分的文体，因其信息量大，选材偏离生活常识，阅读量大。阅读本身要求速度快，议论文中词汇、句式又高级复杂，因此，学生在扩大视野、拓展知识面的同时，有必要掌握一些议论文的阅读解题技巧，这样才能在阅读理解这个重头戏中多拿分。

议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。

所以我们要培养根据.上下文猜词的能力，根据情境猜测作者意图的能力。议论文同其他体裁的文章-样，可以有主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题等几种出题方式。

做题技巧与策略

一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨

标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括归纳的作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议

论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解的是与主题相关的哪些内容。

二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解

细节题的破解一般用寻读法， 即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，再选出正确答案。

三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图

英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有词语连接，承上启下。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。

【专题真题训练】

（一）【湖南省长沙市】

Recently, a junior high school sent several students back home because they broke the school uniform（校服）rules. Should students wear school uniforms? The Young World magazine held a discussion on this topic（话题）.

Kennedy: The school uniform is very important, because it always reminds me that I am supposed to go out of my way to study hard. It also helps prevent school bullying（欺凌）. If everyone wears the same clothes, it is impossible to laugh at other people’s clothing.      

Manson: The uniform has to be earned（获得）through efforts. Students should start school with no uniforms. As they make progress at school, they start wearing it. I always think children need to be proud of their school. The uniform is important for that. So, make students earn it! If they don’t perform well, they should not be allowed to get one.

Moorhead: In my opinion, kids don’t have to wear uniforms. There should be more choices open to kids in education. They ought to develop their own independence and just be themselves. Their personalities would be expressed through their own clothes at school. And different dress could be one way of showing their understanding of beauty. Besides, they make the school lively and colorful.

Patrick: I can see the advantages of wearing school uniforms. They play a very important role in managing schools. However, a school should not depend heavily on uniforms to improve students’ behaviors. Teaching them how to express themselves with confidence（信心）is more important.

1. What does the writer mean to do in Paragraph 1?

A. Present an opinion on a subject.

B. Introduce a topic for discussion.

C. Provide a way to solve problems.

2. What is Kennedy in the second paragraph?

A. A student. B. A teacher. C. A parent.

3. In Manson’s opinion, ___________.

A. students have the right to get school uniforms for free

B. students should be encouraged to earn school uniforms

C. students performing well needn’t wear school uniforms

4. According to Patrick, what is more important?

A. Managing schools by uniforms.

B. Improving students’ behaviors.

C. Helping students express themselves confidently.

5. We can learn from the text that ___________.

A. Kennedy can’t stand school uniforms

B. Moorhead is against school uniform rules

C. the writer holds the same opinion as Patrick’s

（二）【辽宁省盘锦市】

It’s reported that more than 450 million Chinese have myopia(近视). Around 30 percent for primary school students, 60 percent for junior high students and 80 percent for senior high students are nearsighted. Maybe this is because students spend a lot of time reading books and using electronic products.

Parents might have tried to do something to fix it, such as having their children get eye massages(按摩), take medicine or even get surgery. People who offer these services or products often promise that they can reduce(缓解) or even cure(治愈) myopia.

However, you will no longer see advertisements like this before long. The government has made a notice to ban(禁止) this kind of advertisements. The notice bans businesses from using words like ＂recovery＂(恢复) and ＂myopia cure＂ in their advertisements. The notice says that myopia cannot be completely cured with medical technology now. As a result, these advertisements could mislead children and their parents.

To reduce myopia among young people, the government made a new plan last August. The plan limits(限制) not only the time children play video games but also the production of new video games.

Young people can prevent and control myopia by spending more time outside and less time in front of books or computers. People who have eyesight problems should go to a hospital and let a doctor decide what to do.

6. What’s the myopia rate of junior high students according to the passage?

A. 30%. B. 45%. C. 60%. D. 80%.

7. Parents might do the following EXCEPT         to fix myopia according to Paragraph 2.

A. have their children get eye massages B. buy them special glasses

C. make their children take medicine D. get their children to do surgery

8. You won’t see advertisements on myopia with the word ＂       ＂ in the near future.

A. recovery B. eyesight C. medical D. reduce

9. Which sentence is True according to Paragraph 4 and 5?

A. Students in lower grades are easy to get myopia.

B. Production of new video games has been limited.

C. Spending less time outdoors is good for children’s eyesight.

D. The notice gives advice on protecting the eyesight of elderly people.

10. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Don’t believe the advertisements.

B. Students shouldn’t be allowed to play video games.

C. The government and people are saving children’s eyesight.

D. Myopia can be cured with the medical technology at present.

（三）【江苏省镇江市】

Some researchers explain how most people form their social groups with people of their age. Especially, as children and teenagers, even adults, people make their friends based on proximity(邻近) more than anything else. Even in a college classroom, the students may not make friends with those who have similar personalities and interests. It’s the people they really sit next to. Clearly, who stands nearest to you has the greatest influence on you. As Jim Rohn has widely said. "You are average(平均) of five people you spend the most time with."

Over the past ten months, I’ve paid Ryan, a famous writer of several bestselling books, to help with the book I’m writing. Working with him has shown me just how low my standards for my work are. For example, every time I send him a drab(草稿), he shows me how it could be 10 times better, and he holds me to that standard.

___▲____ It’s because that I don’t know what I don’t know. Working with Ryan has made me realize what is possible and what it takes to create something powerful.

Like Ryan, my business partner Richard has wonderful ideas and far different experience than I have. He has written 36 New York Times Bestsellers. He’s been speaking and doing events for 20 years. Richard always performs at high levels, and he is also very strict with me because my performance is a reflection(反映) on him. It’s not a bad thing because it creates high pressure(压力) to help me make great progress in organizing author training.

In a word, you need to stay with those people who can help you realize your level and potential. Staying with people who have higher standards is the fastest way for you to change.  If you don’t change your environment, your progress will be very slow. Who you stay with has huge importance. You can’t ignore this.

11. Why did the writer quote(引用) Jim Rohn’s words in Paragraph 1?

A. To support the writer’s opinion. 

B. To introduce the writer’s best friend.

C. To show Jim Rohn’s working ability. 

D. To prove Jim Rohn is a great person.

12. Which of the following can be put at the beginning of Paragraph 3?

A. It’s not that my workmates’ abilities are low.

B. It’s not that my working ability was born low.

C. It’s not that’ e friends based on proximity.

D. It’s not that I’ve paid Ryan to help me with my book.

13. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to(指代)?

A. The writer’s performance. B. Jim Rohn’s famous saying.

C. Richard’s different experience. D. Richard’s strictness with the writer.

14. The writer mainly wants to tell us that ____________.

A. we can improve our working abilities by ourselves

B. we must pay attention to our talent and potential

C. we’d better make friends with those who can hold us to higher levels

D. we should stay with those who have similar personalities and interests

（四）【贵州省遵义市】

   English is becoming more and more popular in China. It can be used in every field, such as on some signs and restaurant menus. But there are some problems when people use it. Perhaps you’ve seen the English letters "WC" in your city. They show public toilets. But do you know it is far from native（地道的） English? In fact, foreigners from English-speaking countries seldom use the letters.

Workers in our city are changing "WC" signs all over the city. The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus. Many other places in China are following our steps.

"WC, or water closet, is old-fashioned English. It sounds dirty to me. "says Nancy, a young woman from the US. The old sign will become "Gents/Men" and "Ladies/Women". "I see much poor English in everyday life, and not only on signs," she says, "I know what they mean，but they are Chinglish，not real English. For example, when someone says to me "My hometown is Guizhou Province", I know he or she should say "My hometown is in Guizhou Province". Hometown is a smaller place in a province. The common mistakes that Nancy picked up include "Not Entry", which should be "No Entry", "Direction of Airport" should be changed to "To the Airport". And it is "Room Rate", not "Room Price". And remember to "Keep off the Grass" rather than "Care of the Green".

The next time you walk on the street or eat in the restaurant, you can go and see if the expressions are right.

15. Who seldom uses letters of "WC" according to the passage?

A. Chinese students.

B. Foreigners from other countries.

C. Teachers in China.

D. English-speaking foreigners.

16. What’s the attitude（态度）of the government towards the bad English on signs?

A. It’s native.       B. It should be changed.

C. It doesn’t matter.      D. It can be used on signs.

17. When Nancy sees much poor English in everyday life, ___________.

A. she thinks it should be corrected

B. she thinks it is dirty

C. she thinks it is proper

D. she likes to use it

18. Which of the following signs is Right?

A. Not Entry

B. Room Price

C. To the Airport

D. Care of the Green

19. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Chinglish on menus.

B. Money spent on Chinglish.

C. Usages of native English.

D. Letters of "WC".

（五）【福建省中考】

All over the world, thousands of animals are used for wildlife tourism. People travel to watch monkey shows, hug baby tigers and swim with dolphins. It might look like fun, but there are reports that animals are hurt now and again. The World Animal Protection (WAP) says that up to 550,000 wild animals are exposed(暴露) to ill treatment around the world; in Cambodia, for example, it’s been reported that elephants have died after carrying tourists for long in hot weather. This is getting attention — over 100 travel companies have promised that they will no longer open up such places. However, some people argue that animal tourism isn’t always as bad as it seems. So what do you think?

20. How many wild animals are facing bad treatment according to WAP?

A. More than 100. B. Hundreds. C. Thousands. D. About 550,000.

21. The underlined words ＂such places＂ refer to(指) the places for           .

A. foreign travelers B. sick elephants C. wildlife protection D. animal tourism

22. What opinion do the two groups have in common?

A. Animals can live wherever they like. B. Wildlife should be protected.

C. Animal tourism supports poor people. D. Wildlife is well looked after.

23. ＂Group Yes＂ suggests that people should not disturb animals          .

A. in Cambodia B. in travel companies

C. in real life D. in poor areas

24. What is the text mainly about?

A. Ways of protecting rare species. B. Different opinions on wildlife tourism.

C. How to bring tourists enjoyment. D. Whether to collect information on wildlife.