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高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration获奖ppt课件
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration获奖ppt课件，文件包含43Unit4Discoveringusefulstructuresgrammar课件pptx、43Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructuresGrammar练习docx等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共34页， 欢迎下载使用。
Unit 4 Space Exploration
Period 3Discovering useful structures
（动词不定式作定语、状语）
The Infinitive as the Attributive and adverbial
1. You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.2. Scientists work hard to find answer.3. We were surprised to find that he had left.4. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 5. Some scientists were determined to help human realize their dream to explore space.
结果状语
目的状语
原因状语
定语
定语
观察下面句子并分析红色部分在句中所作的成分
Part One The Infinitive as the Attributive(动词不定式用作定语)
1) He told me he had a composition to write. 他告诉我他有一篇作文要写。2) I want to get something to drink. 我想喝点东西。注意：由上述例句得知，此时的不定式必须是及物动词。如果是不及物动词，其后就带一个结构或含义上所需要的介词。Will you please bring me a chair to sit in? 请给我拿把椅子来坐好吗？
1.不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
2.不定式与被修饰的名词或不定代词有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1) He was the last one to arrive. 他是最后一个到达的人。2) Is there anyone to take care of the child? 有人照顾这个孩子吗？注意：例句中的不定式动作的逻辑主语分别是one和anyone此时的不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。Among the men to take part in the work(＝Among the men who are to take part in the work), he is probably the most active. 在参加这项工作的人当中，他可能是最活跃的。
3. 不定式所修饰的词在意义上通常是用于不定式所做某种事情的。
1) We have got a new way to kill field mice. 我们找到了一种杀死田鼠的新方法。2) I think he will have a chance to go to his hometown. 我认为他有机会去他的家乡。
4.不定式作定语，修饰the first，the last，the third等，中心词为不定式的执行者时用to do(主动式)，中心词为不定式承受者时用to be done(被动式)。
The newspaper reporter was the last to walk out of the cave. 那位报社记者是最后一个走出山洞的。This is the third question to be discussed. 这是要讨论的第三个问题。
5.中心词是由动词派生的名词，原动词常用不定式作宾语，此类名词有wish，decision，refusal，arrangement，intention，agreement，hope，need，plan，promise，failure，attempt等。
He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall. He made a promise to be a good boy. There is no need to build a dam on the small river.
6.中心词是由形容词派生的名词，原形容词常用不定式作状语，此类名词有ability，eagerness，anxiety，patience，willingness等。
A good teacher must have the ability to make himself understood. 一个好老师必须有让别人理解自己的能力。
7.名词本身是抽象名词，常用不定式解释其中的内容，此类名词有chance，plan，means，courage，effort，measure，movement，opportunity，power，reason，right，skill，strength，struggle，idea，way，approach等。
In our country，everyone has the right to go to school. 在我们国家，每个人都有上学的权利。He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting. 他有一种奇特的方法使他的课生动有趣。
8.中心词是不定式的执行者，动词不定式应后于谓语或在未来发生。
He had no photographs to remind him of the past. 他没有照片来回忆过去。We are in need of nurses to look after the patients. 我们需要护士照顾病人。Is there anybody to carry on the work?
9.中心词是不定式的承受者，不定式应该是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语，不定式通常不能带宾语。不定式的执行者是句子的主语、间接宾语或泛指的人，用主动式to do；强调不定式另有一个执行者，用被动式to be done。
I have a letter to post, so I can’t go to swim with you. 我有一封信要寄，所以我不能和你一起去游泳。I have a letter to be posted. Can you help me? 我有一封信要寄出去，你能帮我吗？
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，应有必要的介词。She has a lot of things to attend to. 她有许多事情要处理。Is there something to be ashamed of? 这有什么值得羞愧的吗？He is looking for a room to live in. 他正在找房间住。I have nothing really to complain about. 我真的没什么好抱怨的。
注意：①中心词如果是time，place，way，不定式可省略后面的介词。如：He is looking for a place to live (in)．②在There be句型中，to do和 to be done在多数情况下语义相同。如：There is a lot to be said / to say about the subject.
Part Two The Infinitive as the adverbial(动词不定式用作状语)
1. 动词不定式作目的状语。
To make himself heard， he raised his voice. 为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。（作目的状语）He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。（作目的状语）She had no option but to quit her job in order to take care of her child. 为了照顾孩子，她别无选择，只好辞职。
1. 动词不定式作目的状语。
【注意】 为了强调，我们可以在不定式前加上in order或so as。如：She got up earlier the next day so as to catch the first bus. 第二天她起得更早了，为的是赶上第一班车。In order to catch the train， she hurried through her work. 为了赶火车，她匆匆做完了她的工作。
2. 动词不定式作结果状语。
(1)动词不定式作结果状语的一般用法。如：He woke to find himself famous. 他一觉醒来，发现自己成了名人。As we all know, few live to be a hundred. 我们都知道，活到百岁的人不多。
2. 动词不定式作结果状语。
(2)在不定式前加only，表示一种“意外”的不好的结果。如：He searched the room only to find nothing. 他翻遍了整个房间，没发现什么。I hurried to the airport only to find the plane I was to take had just taken off. 我急急忙忙赶到机场，却发现我要乘坐的飞机已经起飞了。
2. 动词不定式作结果状语。
(3)英语中too+adj. / adv. +to do sth.来表示否定结果，意思为“太……以至不能……”，这时too后面的形容词或副词往往是表示性质或特征的词。如：The girl is too young to go abroad， I think. 我认为这个女孩太年轻了，不能出国。He is too young to go to school. 他太小了，不能上学。
【注意】 too+adj.+to do sth. 结构除表示否定意义外，还可以表示结果有肯定意思。这时too后面常常跟表示心情、态度或倾向性方面的形容词，主要有anxious， eager， easy， glad， happy， pleased， ready， willing等，此时too的意思是“十分;非常;很”等。如：They were too anxious to leave. （=very anxious to leave） 他们急于要离开。He is too glad to go there. （=very glad to go there） 他非常高兴去那儿。
3. 动词不定式作原因状语。
(1)常用语“主语(人)+系动词+形容词(过去分词)+to do”结构中。形容词或过去分词作表语时，后接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍然保持着最初的样子。
3. 动词不定式作原因状语。
(2)常用于“主语(物)+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous等，表示主语特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，常用主动形式表示被动含义。The morning air is so good to breath that he gets up early every day. 早上的空气呼吸器来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。
4. 动词不定式作条件状语。
How can you catch the train to start so late？ 要是这么晚动身，你怎么能赶得上火车呢？（表示条件）He must be a fool to say so. 他那么说可能是个傻瓜。You will do well to speak more carefully. 要是说得详细的话，你会做得很好的。
动词不定式的时态和语态
Summary
1. The airport ______________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 2. We are having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company. 3. Volunteering gives you a chance _________ (change) lives, including your own. 4. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _________ (explore) society of real-life experience. 5. I have a lot of books __________ (read).
to be completed
to be made
to change
to explore
to read
Exercise
6. The play ______________ (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. 7. The ability _________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. 8. It’s important for the figures ____________ (update) regularly. 9. Birds’ singing is a warning to other birds ______ (stay) away. 10. It’s standard practice for a company like this one _________ (employ) a security officer.
to be produced
to express
to stay
to be updated
to employ
11. ________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. 12. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _______ (find) it didn’t fit. 13. Group activities will be organised after class _________ (help) children develop team spirit. 14. George returned after the war, only __________ (tell) that his wife had left him. 15. This machine is very easy _________ (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 16. We were astonished _______ (find) the temple still in its original condition.
To make
to find
to help
to be told
to operate
to find
1. ________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. (2019·江苏卷·单项填空) A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy
2. Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________(perform) consistently over a large area. (2019·新课标Ⅰ卷·语法填空)3. But some students didn't want ________(wear) the uniform. (2019·浙江卷·语法填空)
to perform
to wear
1.要正确地画地图，你需要一支特制的笔。______________________, you need a speicial pen.2.他来晚了，发现其他人都回家了。He arrived late _______________________________.3.他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。He is always _________________ and the last one to leave the office. 4.有足够的食物供客人享用。There is enough food for the guests _________.
To draw maps correctly
to enjoy
the first one to come
to find the others had gone home
Hello, my dear friends! I am greatly honoured ________ (share) the event with you. The theme of the activity is ___________ (introduce) Chinese traditional culture. During this month, there will be various activities for you ____________ (experience) the rich and colourful Chinese culture. You will have a chance ___________ (make) paper-cutting or ____________ (appreciate) Chinese arts. There will be some lectures for you _________ (attend), _______ is beneficial to your understanding about China. ________ (learn) more about China, don’t hesitate _________ (contact) us and be the first ________ (sign) up for the activity.
to introduce
to make
to appreciate
to attend
To learn
which
to contact
to sign
to share
to experience
Thank you
Unit 4 Space Exploration
Period 3Discovering useful structures
（动词不定式作定语、状语）
The Infinitive as the Attributive and adverbial
1. You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.2. Scientists work hard to find answer.3. We were surprised to find that he had left.4. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 5. Some scientists were determined to help human realize their dream to explore space.
结果状语
目的状语
原因状语
定语
定语
观察下面句子并分析红色部分在句中所作的成分
Part One The Infinitive as the Attributive(动词不定式用作定语)
1) He told me he had a composition to write. 他告诉我他有一篇作文要写。2) I want to get something to drink. 我想喝点东西。注意：由上述例句得知，此时的不定式必须是及物动词。如果是不及物动词，其后就带一个结构或含义上所需要的介词。Will you please bring me a chair to sit in? 请给我拿把椅子来坐好吗？
1.不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
2.不定式与被修饰的名词或不定代词有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1) He was the last one to arrive. 他是最后一个到达的人。2) Is there anyone to take care of the child? 有人照顾这个孩子吗？注意：例句中的不定式动作的逻辑主语分别是one和anyone此时的不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。Among the men to take part in the work(＝Among the men who are to take part in the work), he is probably the most active. 在参加这项工作的人当中，他可能是最活跃的。
3. 不定式所修饰的词在意义上通常是用于不定式所做某种事情的。
1) We have got a new way to kill field mice. 我们找到了一种杀死田鼠的新方法。2) I think he will have a chance to go to his hometown. 我认为他有机会去他的家乡。
4.不定式作定语，修饰the first，the last，the third等，中心词为不定式的执行者时用to do(主动式)，中心词为不定式承受者时用to be done(被动式)。
The newspaper reporter was the last to walk out of the cave. 那位报社记者是最后一个走出山洞的。This is the third question to be discussed. 这是要讨论的第三个问题。
5.中心词是由动词派生的名词，原动词常用不定式作宾语，此类名词有wish，decision，refusal，arrangement，intention，agreement，hope，need，plan，promise，failure，attempt等。
He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall. He made a promise to be a good boy. There is no need to build a dam on the small river.
6.中心词是由形容词派生的名词，原形容词常用不定式作状语，此类名词有ability，eagerness，anxiety，patience，willingness等。
A good teacher must have the ability to make himself understood. 一个好老师必须有让别人理解自己的能力。
7.名词本身是抽象名词，常用不定式解释其中的内容，此类名词有chance，plan，means，courage，effort，measure，movement，opportunity，power，reason，right，skill，strength，struggle，idea，way，approach等。
In our country，everyone has the right to go to school. 在我们国家，每个人都有上学的权利。He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting. 他有一种奇特的方法使他的课生动有趣。
8.中心词是不定式的执行者，动词不定式应后于谓语或在未来发生。
He had no photographs to remind him of the past. 他没有照片来回忆过去。We are in need of nurses to look after the patients. 我们需要护士照顾病人。Is there anybody to carry on the work?
9.中心词是不定式的承受者，不定式应该是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语，不定式通常不能带宾语。不定式的执行者是句子的主语、间接宾语或泛指的人，用主动式to do；强调不定式另有一个执行者，用被动式to be done。
I have a letter to post, so I can’t go to swim with you. 我有一封信要寄，所以我不能和你一起去游泳。I have a letter to be posted. Can you help me? 我有一封信要寄出去，你能帮我吗？
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，应有必要的介词。She has a lot of things to attend to. 她有许多事情要处理。Is there something to be ashamed of? 这有什么值得羞愧的吗？He is looking for a room to live in. 他正在找房间住。I have nothing really to complain about. 我真的没什么好抱怨的。
注意：①中心词如果是time，place，way，不定式可省略后面的介词。如：He is looking for a place to live (in)．②在There be句型中，to do和 to be done在多数情况下语义相同。如：There is a lot to be said / to say about the subject.
Part Two The Infinitive as the adverbial(动词不定式用作状语)
1. 动词不定式作目的状语。
To make himself heard， he raised his voice. 为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。（作目的状语）He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。（作目的状语）She had no option but to quit her job in order to take care of her child. 为了照顾孩子，她别无选择，只好辞职。
1. 动词不定式作目的状语。
【注意】 为了强调，我们可以在不定式前加上in order或so as。如：She got up earlier the next day so as to catch the first bus. 第二天她起得更早了，为的是赶上第一班车。In order to catch the train， she hurried through her work. 为了赶火车，她匆匆做完了她的工作。
2. 动词不定式作结果状语。
(1)动词不定式作结果状语的一般用法。如：He woke to find himself famous. 他一觉醒来，发现自己成了名人。As we all know, few live to be a hundred. 我们都知道，活到百岁的人不多。
2. 动词不定式作结果状语。
(2)在不定式前加only，表示一种“意外”的不好的结果。如：He searched the room only to find nothing. 他翻遍了整个房间，没发现什么。I hurried to the airport only to find the plane I was to take had just taken off. 我急急忙忙赶到机场，却发现我要乘坐的飞机已经起飞了。
2. 动词不定式作结果状语。
(3)英语中too+adj. / adv. +to do sth.来表示否定结果，意思为“太……以至不能……”，这时too后面的形容词或副词往往是表示性质或特征的词。如：The girl is too young to go abroad， I think. 我认为这个女孩太年轻了，不能出国。He is too young to go to school. 他太小了，不能上学。
【注意】 too+adj.+to do sth. 结构除表示否定意义外，还可以表示结果有肯定意思。这时too后面常常跟表示心情、态度或倾向性方面的形容词，主要有anxious， eager， easy， glad， happy， pleased， ready， willing等，此时too的意思是“十分;非常;很”等。如：They were too anxious to leave. （=very anxious to leave） 他们急于要离开。He is too glad to go there. （=very glad to go there） 他非常高兴去那儿。
3. 动词不定式作原因状语。
(1)常用语“主语(人)+系动词+形容词(过去分词)+to do”结构中。形容词或过去分词作表语时，后接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍然保持着最初的样子。
3. 动词不定式作原因状语。
(2)常用于“主语(物)+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous等，表示主语特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，常用主动形式表示被动含义。The morning air is so good to breath that he gets up early every day. 早上的空气呼吸器来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。
4. 动词不定式作条件状语。
How can you catch the train to start so late？ 要是这么晚动身，你怎么能赶得上火车呢？（表示条件）He must be a fool to say so. 他那么说可能是个傻瓜。You will do well to speak more carefully. 要是说得详细的话，你会做得很好的。
动词不定式的时态和语态
Summary
1. The airport ______________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 2. We are having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company. 3. Volunteering gives you a chance _________ (change) lives, including your own. 4. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _________ (explore) society of real-life experience. 5. I have a lot of books __________ (read).
to be completed
to be made
to change
to explore
to read
Exercise
6. The play ______________ (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. 7. The ability _________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. 8. It’s important for the figures ____________ (update) regularly. 9. Birds’ singing is a warning to other birds ______ (stay) away. 10. It’s standard practice for a company like this one _________ (employ) a security officer.
to be produced
to express
to stay
to be updated
to employ
11. ________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. 12. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _______ (find) it didn’t fit. 13. Group activities will be organised after class _________ (help) children develop team spirit. 14. George returned after the war, only __________ (tell) that his wife had left him. 15. This machine is very easy _________ (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 16. We were astonished _______ (find) the temple still in its original condition.
To make
to find
to help
to be told
to operate
to find
1. ________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. (2019·江苏卷·单项填空) A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy
2. Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________(perform) consistently over a large area. (2019·新课标Ⅰ卷·语法填空)3. But some students didn't want ________(wear) the uniform. (2019·浙江卷·语法填空)
to perform
to wear
1.要正确地画地图，你需要一支特制的笔。______________________, you need a speicial pen.2.他来晚了，发现其他人都回家了。He arrived late _______________________________.3.他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。He is always _________________ and the last one to leave the office. 4.有足够的食物供客人享用。There is enough food for the guests _________.
To draw maps correctly
to enjoy
the first one to come
to find the others had gone home
Hello, my dear friends! I am greatly honoured ________ (share) the event with you. The theme of the activity is ___________ (introduce) Chinese traditional culture. During this month, there will be various activities for you ____________ (experience) the rich and colourful Chinese culture. You will have a chance ___________ (make) paper-cutting or ____________ (appreciate) Chinese arts. There will be some lectures for you _________ (attend), _______ is beneficial to your understanding about China. ________ (learn) more about China, don’t hesitate _________ (contact) us and be the first ________ (sign) up for the activity.
to introduce
to make
to appreciate
to attend
To learn
which
to contact
to sign
to share
to experience
Thank you
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