专题小升初英语复习词法第四讲 形容词和副词（带答案）

这是一份专题小升初英语复习词法第四讲 形容词和副词（带答案），共13页。试卷主要包含了 题型， 分值， 考点范围， 考查重点， 我和爸爸起得一样早等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第四讲 形容词和副词

Husband’s Description
A wife asks his husband “How would you describe me?” “ABCDEFGHIJK.” “What does that mean?” “Adorable, beautiful, cute, delightful, elegant, fashionable, gorgeous, and hot.” “Aw, thank you, but what about IJK?”asks the wife doubtfully. “I’m just kidding!”
丈夫的描述
一天，一个妻子问他的丈夫“你会怎么形容我呢？”“ABCDEFGHIJK。”“那是什么意思？”“迷人的、魅力的、可爱的、令人愉悦的、优雅的、时髦的、漂亮的和火辣的。”“哇，谢谢，但是“IJK”是什么意思呢？”妻子疑惑地问。“开个玩笑！”











1. 题型：单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、正确形式填空。
2. 分值：4-6分。
3. 考点范围：形容词，副词的基本概念，形容词、副词比较级和最高级变化规则，比较级、最高级的用法。
4. 考查重点：比较级、最高级变换规则，比较级、最高级基本用法。


一、形容词
(一)、定义：
用来描述、修饰名词或代词的词，表示人或事物的属性、特征和状态的词，在句子中作定语、表语等。形容词有原级、比较级和最高级的三种形式。

(二)、用法：
①位于所修饰的名词前，作定语。
【例如】：We had a big dinner. 我们晚饭吃大餐。
②位于be动词/系动词之后，作表语。
【例如】：It is cold outside. 外面很冷。
③以-ing结尾的形容词一般修饰物，译为“令人……的”；以-ed结尾形容词一般修饰人，译为“（人）感到……的”。
【例如】：They are excited about the exciting news. 他们对那个令人激动的消息感到激动。

【典例】：( ) (2018. 一中系) That storybook is very_______. The children are_______in it.
A. interesting; interest B. interested; interesting C. interesting; interested
解析：本题考查以-ing和-ed结尾形容词的区别。句意为“这本故事书很有趣。孩子们都对它感兴趣。”，根据句意第一空修饰物，填“interesting”，第二空修饰人，填“interested”，故答案为C。
答案：C
【演练】：
( ) 1. (2017. 河北毕业考改编) We are in ______ schools, but we often meet each other(互相).
A. same B. different C. new
( ) 2. What an ______story which makes me so______.
A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting

(三)、词类转换——名词转换为形容词
①在名词词尾加-y变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)。
1) 以重读闭音节结尾的名词，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写词尾的辅音字母再加-y。
2) 少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e再加-y。
【例如】：health—healthy, luck—lucky, rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy, sun—sunny, fun—funny, noise—noisy, ice—icy
【拓展】：大雨/大雪：heavy rain/snow；rain/snow heavily；rain/snow hard
强风：strong wind
②一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful变为形容词，表示肯定意义。
【例如】：care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful, use—useful, beauty—beautiful
③在名词词尾加-less变为形容词，表示否定意义。
【例如】：care—careless(粗心的)，use—useless(无用的)，hope—hopeless(没希望的)，home—homeless(无家可归的)
④在名词词尾加-ly变为形容词。
【例如】：friend—friendly, love—lovely
⑤一些表示国家的名词，在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍、语言的形容词。
【例如】：China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American,
India—Indian, Australia —Australian(注意Canada—Canadian)。
⑥在名词词尾加-ous变为形容词。
【例如】：danger—dangerous
⑦一些以-ence结尾的名词，把ence改为ent变成形容词。
【例如】：difference—different, silence—silent

【典例】：It’s often ____________(rain) in spring.
解析：本题考查名词变形容词。句意为“春天经常下雨。”，rain：作不可数名词，时意为“雨”，作动词时，意为“下雨”，名词变形容词时，在词尾加“y”，故填rainy。
答案：rainy
【演练】：将下列名词变成形容词。
sun—____________ help—____________(肯定意义) cloud—____________
friend—__________ care—____________(否定意义) love—_____________
difference—__________ China—__________ America—_________

(四)、形容词比较等级的构成
①形容词比较级和最高级的规则变化
情况
改法

例词
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节和少数双音节形容词
在词尾加er或est
tall
clever
taller
cleverer
tallest
cleverest


单音节和少数双音节形容词
以不发音e结尾，加r或者st
large
nice
larger
nicer
largest
nicest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，再加er或est
busy
happy
busier
happier
busiest
happiest
以重读闭音节结尾，且词末只有一个辅音字母，双写词尾的辅音字母，再加er或est

big
thin

bigger
thinner

biggest
thinnest
部分双音节和多音节形容词
在词前加more或most
careful
beautiful
more careful
more beautiful
most careful
most beautiful

②形容词/副词比较级不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/ill/badly
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
good：形容词；well：副词

【演练】：写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。
happy________ ________ fat________ _________ hot________ _________
heavy________ ________ tall________ _________ big________ _________
nice__________ ________ bad________ _________ ill_________ _________
good________ _________ clear________ ________ busy________ ________
useful_____________ ______________ interesting____________ ____________

(五)、形容词原级、比较级、最高级的用法
①形容词原词的用法
形容词原级一般用于同级比较，意思是“与……一样……”、
“与……不一样……”、“……不如……”。
1) as+形容词原级+as，意思是“与……一样……”。
【例如】：I am as tall as my brother.
我跟我哥哥一样高。
2) 否定句：not as/so+形容词原级+as，意思是“与……不一样……”、“……不如……”。
【例如】：I am not as/so tall as my brother. 我不如我哥哥高。
【典例】：( ) (2017. 山东毕业考改编) This building is _______ that tree.
A. tall as B. as tall as C. so taller as
解析：本题考查形容词原级的用法。句意为“这个建筑跟那棵树一样高”，“和……一样”：as +形容词原级+as，故答案为B。
答案：B
【演练】：完成下列句子。
1. This film is __________ __________ __________ that one.
这场电影跟那场电影一样有趣。
2. This flower __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ that one.
这朵花不如那朵花漂亮。

②形容词比较级的用法
形容词的比较级一般用于两者之间的比较，表达的意思是“……比……更……”。
1) A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B，意思是“A比B更……”。
【例如】：This pen is more expensive than that one. 这支钢笔比那只钢笔更贵。
2) 在形容词比较级前加even, much, a little等可以进一步修饰，表程度。
【例如】：This car is much better than that one. 这辆车比那辆好得多。
3) 形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级，或“more and more +原级（多音节或部分双音节）”，意思是“越来越……”。
【例如】：It is getting colder and colder.
天气越来越冷了。
4) the+比较级，the+比较级，意思是“越……，越……”。
【例如】：The busier he is, the happier he feels.
他越忙他就感到越开心。

【典例】：( ) (2017. 江西毕业考改编) The book is ______ than that one.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. interestinger
解析：本题考查形容词比较级的用法。句意为“这本书比那本书更有趣。”，“interesting”是多音节词，其比较级在词前加“more”，故答案为B。
答案：B
【演练】：
( ) 1. —Your brother is much _______than you. He can carry the box for you. —I think so.
A. strong B. thinner C. stronger
( ) 2. ______ he is, _________ he will be.
A. The busier; the happier B. The busy; the happy C. The busier; the happy

③形容词最高级的用法
形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上人或物之间的比较。形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the。
1) the+形容词最高级+名词+ of/in/among，意思是“……当中最……”
【例如】：She is the tallest girl in the class. 她是班里个子最高的女孩。
2) one of +the+形容词最高级+复数名词，意思是“最……之一”。
【例如】：New York is one of the biggest cities in the world.
纽约是世界上最大的城市之一。
3) the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词，意思是“第几……”。
【例如】：This lake is the second largest lake in China.
这片湖是中国第二大湖。

【典例】：( ) (2017. 河北毕业考改编) Li Ming is _________ students in our class.
A. tallest of all B. tallest one of C. one of the tallest
解析：本题考查形容词最高级的用法。形容词最高级前要加the，A、B排除，原句句意为“李明是我们班上最高的学生之一”，故答案为C。
答案：C
【演练】：
( ) 1. (2017. 福建毕业考改编) Russia is ________country in the world.
A. the large B. the larger C. the largest
( ) 2. Of all the students in Jim’s class, he is ________.
A. the youngest B. younger C. young

二、副词
(一)、定义：
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
可分为地点副词、时间副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词以及频率副词等。
(二)、用法：
①副词修饰动词时，通常放在被修饰的动词之后。
【例如】：She is talking loudly. 她在大声说话。
②副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在被修饰词的前面。
【例如】：When I heard the news, I felt very excited.
我听到这个消息后，感到非常兴奋。
【注意】：副词enough(足够地)修饰形容词/副词时，要放在形容词/副词的后面。
enough(足够的)还可作形容词，修饰名词时，要放在名词前面。
【例如】：She is old enough to go to school. 她到了上学的年龄。
I have enough money to buy that car. 我有足够的钱来买那辆车。
③频率副词通常放在实义动词的前面，be动词、助动词、情态动词后面。
【例如】：My father usually takes a walk after dinner. 我爸爸通常在晚饭后散步。
④时间副词和地点副词出现在同一个句子时，地点副词在前，时间副词在后。
【例如】：We met our teacher in the park yesterday. 我们昨天在公园里遇见了我们的老师。
【典例】：( ) (2018. 一中系) She swims very_______.
A. good B. well C. better
解析：本题考查副词用法。句意为“她游泳游得很好。”well：副词；good：形容词；better：well、good的比较级，“更好”；swim：实义动词，用副词修饰，故答案为B。
答案：B
【演练】：
( ) 1. (2017. 河北毕业考改编) The maths problem is ________. I can work it out________.
A. easy; easy B. easy; easily C. easily; easy
( ) 2. (2017. 福建毕业考改编) “I have a new good friend.” Ann said_________.
A. sadly B. happily C. happy

(三)、副词的种类
种类
例词
时间副词
today, tomorrow, yesterday, now, then, soon, ago, early
地点副词
here, there, everywhere, above, down, up, below, inside, out
方式副词
slowly, fast, quickly, loudly, badly, hard, together
程度副词
very, rather, much, little, still, almost, too, quite
疑问副词
why, where,when, how
频率副词
always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly, never
(四)、词类转换——形容词转换为副词
①一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词，少数以e结尾的形容词，去掉e再加-ly。
【例如】：quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly, usual—usually,
careful—carefully, useful—usefully, nice—nicely, wise—wisely, polite—politely, true—truly
②以y结尾的，读音为/ i /，先将y改成i，再加ly；读音为/ ai /，直接加ly。
【例如】：happy—happily, heavy—heavily, angry—angrily, lucky—luckily, busy—busily,
dry—dryly, sly(狡猾的)—slyly; shy—shyly
③以le结尾的形容词，去e加y。
【例如】：gentle—gently, possible—possibly, comfortable—comfortably
④以-ll结尾的，在词尾加-y。
【例如】：full—fully, dull(呆滞的)—dully, shrill(尖厉的)—shrilly
⑤本身既是形容词也是副词，无需改变。
【例如】：fast—fast, early—early, hard—hard, late—late, far—far, high—high

【演练】：
1. 将下列形容词变成副词。
easy—____________ hard—_____________ true—_____________
heavy—___________ careful—___________ happy—____________
fast—_____________ lucky—____________ sad—______________
good—____________ bad—______________ high—_____________
2. She is a____________ girl. She rides bike ______________(care).
( ) 3. You should eat your breakfast_________or you will be late.
A. slowly B. quickly C. quick

(五)、副词比较等级的构成
与形容词一样，大多数副词也有比较等级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。
①规则变化
单音节词，比较级和最高级分别在词尾加-er和-est(以不发音e结尾，词尾加-r和-st)；多音节词以及-ly词缀结尾的副词(early除外)，分别在词前加more或most构成比较级和最高级。(early：改y为i，再加er和est分别构成比较级--earlier和最高级--earliest)
【例如】：fast → faster → fastest hard → harder → hardest
carefully → more carefully → most carefully slowly → more slowly → most slowly
②不规则变化(见形容词/副词比较等级不规则变化表格)
【演练】：写出下列副词的比较级和最高级。
well____________ ____________ badly____________ ____________
early____________ ____________ late____________ ______________
clearly____________ ____________ happily____________ ____________
usefully____________ ____________ high____________ _______________

(六)、副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法
①副词原级的用法
1) as+副词原级+as，表示“与……一样……”。
【例如】：I always get up as early as my father(does). 我和爸爸起得一样早。
2) 否定句：not as/so+副词原级+as，表示“……不如……”。
【例如】：I can’t get up as/so early as my father. 我不如爸爸起得早。/ 我没有爸爸起得早。
②副词比较级的用法
1) A+动词+副词比较级+than +B，表示“A比B更……”，用于两者之间的比较。
【例如】：He runs faster than his father. 他比他爸爸跑得快。
2) 比较级可以用much, still, even, a little, a bit等加以修饰，强调程度。
【例如】：You swim much faster than him.
你游得比他快得多。
③副词最高级的用法
副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，表示“最……”，基本结构为：主语+动词+副词最高级+of/in/among...。
【例如】：He runs fastest of all his classmates. 同学之中他跑得最快。
【典例】：( ) (2017. 浙江毕业考改编) I don’t speak English ________David.
A. more better than B. as well as C. as good as
解析：本题考查副词原级的用法。“speak English”：动词短语，用副词修饰，排除C；“more better than”：“more”不能修饰形容词/副词比较级；“as well as”：修饰动词，原句句意为“我英语说得不如戴维好”，故答案为B。
答案：B
【演练】：
( ) 1. (2017. 江苏毕业考改编) He gets up _______than her.
A. earlier B. early C. more earlier
( ) 2. (2017. 浙江毕业考改编) The kangaroo jumps_______ of the three.
A. the higher B. high C. highest
( ) 3. She writes________ than the other students in her class.
A. more careful B. more carefully C. most carefully
( ) 4. He is running _________.
A. farther and farther B. father and further C. farther or farther
( ) 5. I think English is ________ important than math.
A. many B. much C. much more


I. 单项选择
( ) 1. (2018. 一中系) Jack is _______because he eats well and he plays sports every day.
A. short B. healthy C. fat
( ) 2. (2018. 一中系) In Nanjing, it often rains _______ in summer.
A. hard B. big C. heavy
( ) 3. (2018. 一中系) —Which is______ season in Beijing? —I think it’s spring.
A. good B. the best C. best
( ) 4. (2017. 一中系) Would you please _______it down? It sounds _______
A. not turn; well B. not to turn; nice C. not turn; nice
( ) 5. (2017. 一中系) Our team got an important score in the _______minutes of the game and we won.
A. lucky B. quick C. final
( ) 6. (2017. 浙江毕业考改编) Mary sings________, but her brother sings much_______.
A. well; well B. better; better C. well; better
( ) 7. (2017. 山东毕业考改编) —Which animal do you like________, a cat or a dog?
A. much B. better C. best
( ) 8. (2016. 一中系) It is an _______day, we are all very _______.
A. excited; exciting B. exciting; exciting C. exciting; excited
( ) 9. (2016. 附中系) —I don’t like this hat. It’s too big.
—Well, here is a _______one for you.
A. small B. short C. long
( ) 10. (2016. 湖北毕业考改编) Look ________at the photo. Do you know the man?
A. careful B. carefully C. carelessly

II. 用所给单词的正确形式填空
11. (2018. 一中系) Tom is two years_____________ (old) than Tim.
12. (2018. 一中系) She speaks _____________(quick) but clearly.
13. (2018. 一中系) Can your little brother play basketball very _____________(good)?
14. (2018. 一中系) She speaks English_____________(good) than me.
15. (2018. 一中系) The book is very_____________(interest) and I like it very much.
16. (2018. 一中系) The desk is the_____________(big) among these desks.
17. (2018. 一中系) She writes_____________(careful) in the class.
18. (2016. 一中系) I think it’s_____________(real) a good present. Thank you, Mom.
19. (2016. 一中系) Lucy is very_____________(excite) to see her parents again.
20. (2016. 一中系) The book is very_____________(use), you should read it.


I. 单项选择
( ) 1. (2018. 长郡系) Which season do you like_______?
A. better B. best C. good D. well
( ) 2. (2018. 一中系) Stay away from these food. They are bad for us_______ for children.
A. especially B. especial C. recently
( ) 3. (2018. 山西毕业考改编) Which subject do you like__________, maths or English?
A. good B. better C. best
( ) 4. (2017. 北京毕业考改编) Of all my family members, my brother is________.
A. tall B. the tallest C. the taller
( ) 5. (2017. 北京毕业考改编) I don’t think she has_______ more CDs ________ Mike.
A. so; as B. as; as C. much; than
( ) 6. (2017. 北京毕业考改编) Ants are very _________, but they can carry ________things.
A. small; big B. brave; nice C. big; small
( ) 7. (2017. 一中系) My aunt is more than 35 years old but she is_________.
A. more beautiful and more beautiful B. beautifuler and beautifuler
C. more and more beautiful
( ) 8. (2017. 湖北毕业考改编) Either of them can take this job. but what I’m interested in who is___________.
A. the most careful B. more careful C. careful
( ) 9. Monday is my _________ day in a week.
A. busy B. the busiest C. busiest
( ) 10. Your hands are_________. You must wash them now.
A. fresh B. clean C. dirty

II. 用所给单词的正确形式填空
11. (2018. 一中系) This book is the lightest and_________(thin) of all the books.
12. (2018. 一中系) She is________(good) than Alice at swimming.
13. (2018. 一中系) The weather gets________(cold) and the nights get_______(long) in winter.
14. (2018. 一中系) It’s getting much________(hot) than before.
15. (2018. 一中系) He is a very careful student, but his sister is kind of________(care).
16. (2017. 一中系)She is only 3 years old, but she can look after herself very________(good).
17. (2017. 一中系) This room is as________(big) as that one.
18. (2017. 一中系) The students should listen to the teacher________(careful) in class.
19. (2016. 一中系) I’m sorry. I can’t give you a________(quickly) reply.
20. (2016. 一中系) The boy is _________(interest) in the book, Harry Potter II.





参考答案
第四讲 形容词和副词
【演练】：
一、
（二） BA
（三）sunny; helpful; cloudy friendly; careless; lovely different; Chinese; American;
（四）happier; happiest fatter; fattest hotter; hottest heavier; heaviest taller; tallest
bigger; biggest nicer; nicest worse; worst worse; worst better; best clearer; clearest
busier; busiest more useful; most useful more interesting; most interesting
（五）① as; interesting; as is not as beautiful as ②CA ③CA
二、
（二）BB
（四）1. easily hard truly heavily carefully happily fast luckily sadly well
badly high 2. careful; carefully 3. B
（五）better, best worse, worst earlier, earliest later, latest more clearly, most clearly
more happily, most happily more usefully, most usefully higher, highest
（六）ACBAC
【真题演练】：
I.1-5 BABCC 6-10 CBCAB
II. 11. older 12. quickly 13. well 14. better 15. interesting
16. biggest 17. carefully 18. really 19. excited 20. useful
【巩固提升】：
1-10 BABBC ACBCC
11 thinnest 12. better 13. colder, longer 14. hotter 15. careless
16. well 17. big 18. carefully 19. quick 20. interested