2022年中考英语动词不定式双宾语

动词不定式的用法

重点

难点

1. 动词不定式的用法
2. 双宾语结构

教学过程（内容）

备注

动词不定式的用法（1）及双宾语结构

一、动词不定式作宾语

   生活当中我们常遇到“努力去解决”“决定留下来”等表达方式，这两个短语中连续出现了两个动词，在这种情况下用英语应该如何表达呢？首先请看下面的例句：

We decided to stay for a cup of tea.我们决定留下来喝杯茶。

I tried to understand the words.我努力理解这些话。

I want to go to the teahouse.  我想去茶馆。

  动词不定式置于谓语动词之后，作动词的宾语，表明意图、希望或决定的内容。

 在英语中，并不是所有的两个动词连用的情况都是采用“动词+不定式”的形式，一般来说，用不定式时所表示的多为将来的行为。但是在具体使用中还要注意记忆，因为动词不同，对其后动词形式的要求也就不同。

   常见的后面接“to +动词原形”作宾语的动词有：plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love等。

双宾语

   当我们表达“给某人某物”时就出现了一个动词的两个承受者，一是物，二是人，那么在英语中该如何排列呢？首先请看下面的例句：

（1）The play shows the audience life in China between 1898 and 1945.

该剧向观众展示了1898年至1945年期间中国的生活状况。

（2）Waiters bring tea to the customers .

服务员把茶端到顾客面前。

   以上两个例子，例（1）采用了“动词+人+物”的表达方式，例（2）采用了“动词+物+人”的方式。句中动词后面所接的是双宾语，其中人（第一句中的the auidience与第二句中的everyone）为间接宾语，物（第一句中的life和第二句中的tea）为直接宾语。

   可以接双宾语的动词很多，常见的有: give, bring, lend, pass, send, show, leave, buy, tell, teach, sell等。例如：

   My brother bougt me some storybooks.我哥哥给我买了一些故事书。

  My uncle gave me a pretty birthday present.我叔叔给了我一个漂亮的生日礼物。

   Can you pass me that pencil?你能把那支铅笔递给我吗？

   Who teaches you English? 谁教你（们）英语？

  请注意：双宾语结构为“动词+物+人”时，间接宾语（人）前要加入适当的介词。根据动词的不同，有时用to，有时用for. 例如：

   My brother bought some storybooks for me.我哥哥给我买了一些故事书。

   Waiters bring tea to the customers.服务员给顾客上茶。

其他常用的结构包括：give sb. sth.= give sth. to sb.    lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb.

make sb. sth.= make sth. to sb.   send sb. sth.= sende sth. to sb.

show sb. sth.= showe sth. to sb.   teach sb. sth.= teach sth. to sb.

get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb.    cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb.

buy sb. sth.= buy sth. for sb.

语法专练

一、用动词的适当形式填空

1.I hope         (see) her soon.   2.Sports help         (keep) people healthy.

3.I expect        (enter) graduate school in fall.

4.He can’t decide when         (start).

5.I found it difficult        (work) out the math problem.

6.I asked him           (show) me the new dictionary.

7.He promised         (not tell) anyone about it.

句型转换

1.I’ll lend you something to read.(同义句)I’ll lend something to read            .

2.I’ll returen the book to you tomorrow.(同义句)I’ll returen             tomorrow.

3.Get me a chair, will you?(同义句)Get a chair                  , will you?

4.Mom bought me a new bike.(同义句)Mom bought a new bike                .

5.I’ll send you an e-mail.(同义句)I’ll send an e-mail                         .

单项选择

1.I think people here are friendly. Do you agree    me?A.with  B.to  C.on D.from

2.We saw him         the building and go upstairs.

  A.to enter    B.enter    C.enters    D.entered

3.The Chinese ping-pong players will join in the match. Let’s         them success.

  A.wish    B.to wich    C.hope    D.to hope

4.--- Jack seems like a good student.--- He is always the first       his homework.

  A.finishes    B.finishing    C.finished    D.to finish

5.I’m going to a field trip but I haven’t decided         .

  A.what to do    B.to do what   C.where to go   D.to go where

6.He coughed(咳嗽) day and night. His wife asked him          smoking.

  A.giving up    B.going on    C.to give up    D.to go on

7.My mother makes me         at the stadium every Sunday afternoon.

  A.dance   B.danced    C.to dance    D.dancing

8.The teacher told the students         football on the street.

  A.played    B.to play   C.not play   D.not to play

用所给动词的适当形式填空

His greatest wish is           (see) an end to wars.

I asked him          (show) me the new dictionary.

He promised           (not tell) anyone about it.

Have you finished            (write) the letter?

You should remember            (bring) your homework to school.

David hopes            (pass) the English exam.

David had fun             (play) in the water.

Daming enjoys              (listen) to music.

Lisa plans             (watch) the magic show.

I’d like               (borrow) some books from the library.

动词不定式（二）

不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等成分。

一 .作主语 

1不定式可做主语 

To hesitate means failure犹豫不决就意味着失败

2把it放在句首做形式主语，而把真正主语（不定式）放在句末。

 It is very difficult to solve this problem.

 二.作表语（不定式可做表语，说明或解释主语的内容） 

Our purpose is to finish the job in the three weeks.

三.不定式作宾语  The children refused to listen to me

1有些动词常跟不定式做宾语： agree,offer,promise,choose,decide,ask,hope,want,wish,plan,learn,happen等

2如果动词后有不定式做宾语而后又跟宾补，这时要用it做形式宾语，而将不定式放到补语后 I find it difficult to solve this problem.

四.不定式作宾补 

1有些动词后常跟不定式做宾补 

My parents won’t allow me to stay out late 这些动词有： advise, allow,ask,invite,like, order,want,,wish等        

五.不定式做定语

 1不定式用在the first,the second,the last,the next,the only,等短语后面以及形容词最高级修饰的名词后做定语 He was the first to arrive. 

2 不定式做定语与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为动宾关系， He wants water to drink.  He is a pleasant person to work with.   

六.不定式做状语 

1不定式做目的状语。o be a good citizen, obeying the law is necessary

七.连接词+to do 的用法:连接词what, how, when,  where, who, which等+to do可做主语、表语、宾语等

What to do next remains undecided (主) 

The teacher showed us how to do the experiment（宾）

Our difficulty is where to get enough food  （表）

八.用of 还是用for 

1 for +名词（或代词宾格）+ to do ,既可放在句首也可放在句尾，做主语，宾语，表语，定语或状语。形容词往往用easy, heavy, necessary, possible, important, difficult等表示事物性质的形容词。

It is important for him to attend the meeting (主)

= For him to attend the meeting is important 

We consider it best for her to write the paper.(宾)

His idea is for us to go in two different cars.(表)

 2 在表示人物性格、特征等形容词之后，常用of 引出不定式的逻辑主语，of 引导的不定式短语只能放在后面做主语

It is very kind of you to help us=You are very kind to help us

常用brave,careful,careless,clever, honest, kind, nice, rude, wrong,等表示人的品质、性格的形容词。

九.不带to 的不定式

 1在表示感官的动词feel, hear, see, watch, observe, listen to ,look at. notice后加sb.+do或doing2、使役动词let, make, have,等后面做宾补的不定式要省略to .make/ let/ have sb. +do3、help 后面的不定式，可带to，也可不带to

help sb. do 或help sb. to do

一、 根据句意, 用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.It's very kind of you ________ it for me. (do)

2. They said they had nothing _______ (worry) about.

3. His wish was _________ (become) a doctor.

4. The policeman told the boys not _________ (play) in the street

5. We don’t allow children ________ in that lake alone. (swim)

6. The speaker spoke too quickly for us _______ (understand).

7. We couldn’t help _____ (laugh) after we heard the funny story.

8. Before you leave the room, please remember ___the light. (turn off)

9. No hurry! Let me __________（help）you __________（clean）the room.

10.I don’ t feel like ___(eat) anything. I really want ____(relax) myself.

11. I often hear people ____ (say) “____ (see) is ______(believe)”.

12. You'd better ____(stay) at home and __ (do) your homework.

13. _____you  _____( finish， read) the book in three days?

二、根据句意,从所给的选项中选出最佳选项。

14. I find ____________ him all about it.

A. necessary to tell   B. that necessary to C. necessary it to tell   D. it necessary to tell

15. When he was in the office, he preferred ________ something ________ nothing.

A. to do; than do    B. to do; rather than

C. doing; rather than doing      D. doing; to doing

16. .How dirty the tables are! They need________.

A. to clean     B. clean     C. cleaning      D. cleaned

17. I’m sorry ____ so long, I forgot to tell you in advance where I had put my key.

A. to keep you wait    B. to keep you waiting

C. to keep you waited   D. to keep you waitting

18.They haven’t decided when __________ for Shanghai.

A. to be leaving  B. to leave  C. leaving  

19. His father agreed __________ $ 4,000 for the car.

         A. with paying      B. to paying    C. to pay       D. on paying

20. How long did you spend _______ your new house yesterday?

         A. to decorate        B. decorate     C. decorating         D. decorated

21. It was great fun _________ a picnic on the hill.

         A. to have        B. of having       C. have         D. had

22. A policeman saw two thieves ____ a girl’s mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once.    A. to steal   B. stealing  C. stole  D. stolen

23. It’s bad for your eyes __________ computer games for a long time.  

 A. plays  B. to play C. play    D. played

24. —Do you often hear John ________ in his room?

           —Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him ________ in his room.

    A. sing; to sing   B. singing; singing   C. sing; singing   D. to sing; singing

25. She is _______ with her mother this afternoon.

A. going to shopping        B. going shopping  C. going to be shopping    D. go to shop

26. Why not ___________?   A. let him to go home      B. to let him go home

  C. let him go home          D. to let him to go home

27. Is it always easier _________ friends than to keep them?

   A. making        B. make    C. to make      D. made

28. It ____Jack twenty minutes _______the math problem yesterday.

A. took; to work out     B. takes; worked out

C. has taken; work out     D. is taking;  working out

29. When you leave, don’t forget ____ off the light

   A. to turn    B. turning     C. turn        D. turned

30. The book is ________for you to read.

   A. easy enough   B. enough easy    C. easily enough       D. enough easily 

31. —Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday?

    —This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework______this Sunday.    

  A. to do   B. done   C. do    D. to be done

32. John asked David how _________ Christmas. 

   A. celebrating   B. to celebrate   C. to be celebrated    D. celebrated

 33. Do you practice _____English every morning?

   A. speak        B. to speak       C. speaking       D. spoken

34. __________ English is much easier than speaking it.

   A. Read          B. To read      C. Reading       D. Reads

35. How about ________? A. to go out for a walk         B. go swimming in the river

      C. visiting the sick children in the hospital  D. to having lunch in the restaurant

36. It’s very kind ____ you to ____me ____ the heavy bag.

         A. for; tell; to take    B. of; thank; for   C. to; speak; to have    D. of; help; carry

37. The meeting room is big enough ______ one hundred people.

          A. holding     B. hold      C. to hold          D. holds

38. It is better to teach a man to fish than ________ him fish.

          A. giving      B. to give        C. gives         D. gave

39. Jenny is interested in __________ in her free time.

        A. listened to the radio  B. reading magazines   C. watch TV        D. plays tennis

40. What  is the best way __________ the wild animals?

          A. protecting     B. to protect       C. protected       D. Protect

三、翻译句子

1.---你能告诉我你的兴趣吗?

 ---我对电影感兴趣。---Can you show me your _____? ----I am ___ _____films.

2.我们老师允许我们课后踢球。

Our teacher ___us____ _____ football after class.

3.Dylan 刻苦训练为了提高他的篮球技能。

Dylan trained hard ____ _____ ______basketball skills.

4.他妈妈主动帮他学英语。

His mother ______ ________ ________him with his English.

5.看！校长正带领他们参观我们的学校。(show……around)

6.如果这儿发生地震的话，你将怎么办？ (take place)

7.他是20世纪中国最伟大的作家之一。（one of ）

8.laoshe is ______ _______his play Teahouse____ a writer.