人教版八年级下册英语Unit5知识点语法归纳总结
展开Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
- 短语归纳
① wait for 等待 ② look for 寻找 ③ go off (闹铃）发出声音 ④ take a shower 洗澡 ⑤ pick up 接电话；捡起 ⑥ make sure 确信；务必 ⑦ have fun 玩的开心 ⑧ fall asleep入睡；睡觉 ⑨ die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 ⑩ wake up 醒来；叫醒 ⑪ in a mess 乱七八糟 | ⑫ in time of difficulty 在困难时期 ⑬ take photos 照相 ⑭ turn on 打开 ⑮ make one’s way 行走；前行 ⑯ in silence 沉默地；无声地 ⑰ take down摧毁；拆卸；记下 ⑱ tell the truth 说实话 ⑲ point out 指出 ⑳ go away 消失 21 as well 也 22 call out 喊出 |
- 典句必背
① What was the girl doing at the time of the rainstorm? 暴风雨来的时候，那个女孩正在做什么? ② My alarm didn’t go off... 我的闹钟没有响..... ③ I called at seven and you didn’t pick up. 我七点打的电话，你没有接。 ④ Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the window. 当雨开始猛烈地敲打着窗户的时候，本正在带妈妈做晚饭。 ⑤ My parents did not talk after that, and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence. 那之后，我的父母没有说话，我们默不作声地吃完了剩下的晚饭。 |
- 用法集萃
(1) What was the girl doing at the time of the rainstorm? 暴风雨来的时候，那个女孩正在做什么?
本句是特殊疑问句，时态是过去进行时，
结构是“What+was/were+主语+doing+其他?”，用于询问某人在过去的某个时间正在做的事情。
例：—What were you doing at nine o’clock yesterday evening? 昨天晚上九点你正在做什么?
—I was watching TV at home. 我正在家里看电视。
拓展：过去进行时描述过去某个时刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态，
结构是“was/ were+动词的现在分词”。
例：When I got home my mother was cooking. 我到家的时候我妈妈正在做饭
(2) My alarm didn’t go off... 我的闹钟没有响.....
go off意为“（闹钟）发出响声”
例：My alarm goes off at six every morning. 我的闹钟每天早晨6点响。
归纳：go off还有“离开”和“变质”之意。
例：Bob went off to get a drink. 鲍勃拿饮料去了。
Meat goes off quickly in hot weather. 热天肉变质得快。
拓展：go的短语
go away离开 | go over复习 | go back回去 |
go on继续 | go through 穿过；通过 | go by（时间）过去；流逝 |
(3) I called at seven and you didn’t pick up. 我七点打的电话，你没有接。
pick up意为“接电话”。pick up有如下含义：
接电话 | The phone rang. I didn’t pick up because I was busy. 电话响了，我没有接电话,因为我很忙。 |
捡起；拾起 | Please pick up the ruler on the ground. 请把地上的尺 子捡起来。 |
搭载；接载 | My mother agreed to drive her new carr to pick me up. 我妈妈同意开着她的新车来接我。 |
(4) I called again at eight and you didn’t answer then either. 我八点再打来，你也没接。
either作副词，意为“也不”，用在否定句中。
例：He can’t play the violin. I can’t, either. 他不会拉小提琴，我也不会。
either 作代词，意为“（两者中）任意一个”。
例：There are many trees on either side of the street. 在街道的每一边都有很多树。
either…or…为连词短语，连接两个相同的句子成分，
意为“要么…要么…；或者…或者…；不是…就是…”。
例：He either stays at home or visits friends on the weekend. 在周末，他要么待在家里，要么拜访朋友。
They will come either tomorrow or the day after tomorrow. 他们不是明天来，就是后天来。
(5) Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the window.
当雨开始猛烈地敲打着窗户的时候，本正在带妈妈做晚饭。
beat heavily意为“猛烈地敲打”，heat为实义动词，用副词heavily 来修饰。
beat还可意为“打败”。当“打败”讲时，其与win的用法区别如下：
win | 意为“赢；获胜”，在作及物动词时， 充当win的宾语的是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词， 即race、match、game、competition、war、prize等 | Mary won first prize in the competition. 玛丽在竞赛中获得第一名 。 |
beat | 意为“打败；战胜”，但跟win的用法不同， 它后面跟的是比赛、竞争中的对手、战争中的敌人 或指人或球队的名词或代词。 | He beat me at chess. 他下棋赢了我。 |
注意：二者的反义词为lose (lost,lost)，“输给某人”用lose to sb. | ||
(6) When he woke up, the sun was rising. 当他醒来时，太阳正在升起。
辨析：rise, raise
rise | 不及物动词，意为“升起；提高”， 表示太阳升起或价格上涨等 | The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，从西方落下 The cost of living continues to rise. 生活费用继续上涨 |
raise | 及物动词，除了可以表示“提高”之外， 还有“举起；提起；饲养；募集”等含义。 | She raised the gun and fired. 她举枪射击。 |
(7) On this day, Dr. Martin Luther King was killed. 这一天，马丁.路德.金博士被杀害了。
was killed是一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是“was/were+动词的过去分词”
例：He was sent to prison for stealing. 他由于偷窃被关进监狱。
The parcel was sent to the wrong destination. 包裹被送错了目的地。
(8) My parents did not talk after that, and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence.
那之后，我的父母没有说话，我们默不作声地吃完了剩下的晚饭。
in silence是固定短语，意为“沉默；无声”，其中silence是名词，意为“沉默；缄默；无声”
例：They hugged each other in silence for a long time. 他们默默地拥抱了彼此很长时间。
同根词
silence n.沉默；无声 | in silence沉默；无声 |
silent adj. 沉默的 | keep silent保持沉默 |
silently adv.沉默地 | -ly是副词后缀 |
- 语法聚焦
(1) 过去进行时的用法和句式变化
① 过去进行时的用法
过去进行时用于描述过去某个时刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态，
它的基本结构是“was/were+动词的现在分词”。
例：They were doing their homework at eight o’clock yesterday evening.
昨天晚上八点他们正在做家庭作业。
② 过去进行时的句式变化
肯定句 | 主语+was/ were+现在分词+其他. | My sister was playing with her cat. 我妹妹正在和她的猫一起玩耍 |
否定句 | 主语+ was/were +not+现在分词+其他. | My sister wasn’t playing with her cat. 我妹妹没和她的猫一起玩耍 。 |
一般疑问句 | Was/ Were+主语+现在分词+其他? | —Was your sister playing with her cat? 你妹妹在和她的猫一起玩耍吗? |
肯定答语：Yes, 主语+was/ were. | —Yes, she was. 是的，她在和她的猫一起玩耍 | |
否定答语：No, 主语+wasn’t/ weren’t. | —No, she wasn’t. 不，她没和她的猫一起玩耍 |
(2) when和while引导的状语从句
when和while都可以用来引导时间状语从句，它们可以和过去进行时搭配，
主句和从句的时态搭配是这样的：
主句的时态 | 连词 | 从句的时态 | 例句 |
过去进行时 | when | 一般过去时 | When the rainstorm came, he was reading in the library. 暴风雨来的时候，他正在图书馆看书。 |
一般过去时 | while | 过去进行时 | Someone came in while my mother was cooking. 我妈妈正在做饭的时候，有人进来了。 |
过去进行时 | while | 过去进行时 | They were cleaning the classroom while you were playing games. 你们正在玩游戏的时候，他们正在打扫教室。 |
拓展：时间状语从句的引导词很多，常见的有：
when ...的时候 | The army was disbanded when the war came to an end. 战争结束时，这个陆军部队被解散了。 |
while在.....期间 | I lived in a hostel while I was a student. 我求学期间住在宿舍里。 |
before在....之前 | I wiped my shoes on the mat before I came in. 我在进门前把鞋在垫子上擦了擦。 |
after在...之后 | I found your coat after you had left the house. 你离开房子之后，我找到了你的外套。 |
as 当....的时候 | He smiled as he passed.他路过时笑了笑。 |
since自从 | Since his wife died, he’s let himself go. 自从他妻子死后，他就不修边幅了。 |
since引导的从句多用一般过去时，其所在句子的主句多用现在完成时。 | |
until直到 | Let’s wait until he comes back. 咱们等到他回来吧。 |
