主题10 世界与环境-2022年高考英语一轮复习热门主题词汇记忆+题型突破专练

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2022年高考英语一轮复习热门主题词汇记忆+题型突破专练
主题10 世界与环境
【主题词汇记忆】
【高频单词】
·识记 1·
1. atmosphere 　　　　 n. 大气, 气氛
2. challenge n. 挑战(性)
challenging adj. 具有挑战性的
3. circumstance n. 情况, 形势, 环境
4. consequence n. 结果, 后果
5. conservation n. 保存; (自然资源的)保护, 管理
6. create vt. 创造; 造成
creature n. 生物, 动物
7. damage n. &v. 毁坏, 损害
8. decline v. 减少, 下降, 衰退, 谢绝
9. decorate v. 装饰……, 修饰……
decoration n. 装饰, 修饰
10. decrease v. 减少, 减小, 降低
·识记 2·
1. deliberately adv. 故意地, 蓄意地, 存心地
2. disappearance n. 消失
3. destroy vt. 破坏, 毁坏
4. disappoint vt. 使失望
disappointment n. 失望; 沮丧
5. effort n. 努力, 艰难的尝试
6. environment n. 环境
7. expectation n. 预料; 期望
8. extinction n. 灭绝
9. forbid vt. 禁止, 不许
10. harmony n. 和谐
·识记 3·
1. influence n. 影响
2. material n. 原料, 材料
3. natural adj. 自然的
nature n. 自然, 性质, 种类
4. noisy adj. 喧闹的, 嘈杂的
5. overlook vt. 忽略; 眺望
6. permission n. 允许, 许可, 同意
permit v. 许可, 允许; n. 许可证
7. pollute vt. 污染
pollution n. 污染
8. preserve vt. 保护, 保留, 保存
9. prevent vt. 防止, 预防
10. proper adj. 恰当的, 合适的
properly adv. 适当地
·识记 4·
1. protect vt. 保护
protection n. 保护
2. punish v. 惩罚, 处罚
punishment n. 惩罚
3. purpose n. 目的, 意图
4. radiation n. 放射物; 辐射
5. recycle v. 回收; 再循环
6. responsibility n. 责任, 负责
7. rubbish n. 垃圾; 废物
8. severe adj. 严重的, 严厉的
9. situation n. 形势, 局面
10. smell v. 嗅, 闻到; 发出气味
n. 气味
smelly adj. 有臭味的, 发出臭味的
·识记 5·
1. species n. 物种
2. suffer v. 受苦, 遭受
3. surround vt. 围绕; 包围
surrounding adj. 周围的
4. survival n. 幸存; 存活
5. threaten v. 威胁
6. tolerate vt. 容许, 允许, 忍受
7. transparent adj. 透明的, 清澈的
8. unbearable adj. 难耐的, 无法接受的
9. unbelievable adj. 难以置信的
10. uncertain adj. 不确定的
【高频短语】
·识记 1·
1. attach great importance to　 十分重视……
2. arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection
激起人们的环保意识
3. bring. . . under control 控制
4. be aware of 意识到
5. be faced with 面临
6. die out 灭绝
7. go from bad to worse 每况愈下
8. in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处
9.lead to/contribute to 导致
10. make a difference 有影响

·识记 2·
1. on account of 因为, 由于
2. play an important part in 在……中起重要作用
3. protect. . . from. . . 保护……免受……
4. prevent. . . from. . . 阻止……发生……
5. realize the importance of the environment
意识到环境的重要性
6. reduce pollution 减少污染
7. throw away 丢弃
8. There is no denying that. . . 无可否认……
9. take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事
10. to make matters worse 使事情更糟糕的是
【佳句品读】
1. Only when we protect the animals from being harmed will they live in peace here.
只有当我们保护这些动物不受伤害时, 它们才能在这里安宁地生活。
2. It is high time for us to take measures to prevent the earth from getting warm.
该是我们采取措施来阻止全球变暖的时候了。
3. Water resources have become so badly polluted that some of the water is unfit to drink or to use.
水资源已经被污染得如此严重, 以至于一些水已经不适合饮用或使用了。
4. It’s high time that we paid much attention to protecting our environment.
到了我们应该高度重视环境保护的时候了。
5. Don’t let our tears become the last drop of water on the earth.
不要让我们的眼泪成为地球上的最后一滴水。
6. Many people worry that our energy resources will run out if we use them in an unchecked way.
许多人担心如果能源的使用不加以控制的话, 我们的能源将被耗尽。
7. Pollution is an issue that crosses national boundaries.
污染是一个不分国界的问题。
8. We have adopted effective measures to control water contamination in our area.
我们采取了有效的措施来治理我们这个地区的水污染。
9. New laws have been introduced to control air pollution in the city.
为了控制空气污染, 该市采用了新的法律措施。
10. Accordingly/Consequently/As a result, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that people are more and more aware of the importance of environmental protection.
因此, 不难得出结论, 人们越来越意识到环境保护的重要性了。
11. Forest destruction, water and air pollution result in decrease of planting land and increase of unpleasant weather.
森林破坏、水和空气污染导致种植业土地减少并使不适天气增加。
12. What’s more, every citizen should realize the seriousness of the problem and make concerted efforts to protect our environment.
此外, 每个公民都应该明白问题的严重性, 并为保护我们的环境共同努力。
13. Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious.
环境问题正变得越来越严重。
14. The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our later generations.
地球是我们的家园, 我们有责任为我们自己和我们的后代去照顾它。
15. With the development of industry and agriculture, cars make noises and give off poisonous gas.
随着工农业的发展, 汽车制造噪音、排放毒气。
16. As we all know, it’s the development of industry and heavy traffic jams that have caused air pollution.
众所周知, 是工业发展和严重的交通阻塞引起了空气污染。
17. On one hand, we’d better launch a campaign to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection.
一方面, 我们最好发起活动提高人们的环保意识。
18. On the other hand, do what we can to influence people around us to go to work or school on foot or by bike.
另一方面, 尽我们所能影响周围的人步行或骑自行车去上班或上学。
19. And even the simplest activities can make a real difference to the environment. 即使最简单的活动也能对环境产生真正的影响。
20. People have realized the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of protecting the environment.
人们已经意识到烟雾引起的巨大危害和保护环境的重要性。



【题型突破专练】
一、阅读理解
1
The news appeared on the poster in the streets in Shijingshan District, Beijing, on the night of Oct.27, 2020. It said on the poster that “China on Sunday will start its seventh national census (人口普查) on November 1st,2020, with about 7 million census takers going door to door to document demographic changes (登记信息). It will last till December10th, 2020. The census collects data including the name, ID number, gender, marital status, education, and profession of Chinese citizens.”
National census is kind of investigation and registration made within defined period (统一规定时间), by using the same method, categories and survey forms at set time. The targets for census (普查对象) are the natural persons living within the territory (领地) of the People’s Republic of China on the standard time point of census and the Chinese citizens who are outside the territory of the People’s Republic of China but have not become permanent residents of the other country. While foreigners who are making a short-term stay within the territory of the People’s Republic of China shall be excluded.
“When census takers knock on your door, you can answer the questions by registering the information directly on the smart devices (智能设备). Or, the census taker will offer you an account number and a QR code (二维码) so that you can register your information within a certain time.”
“All information collected is filled in through the internet and is directly uploaded to the national database in real-time, eliminating (消除) possible human interference. Both the mobile end and the server end have adopted highly strict technology of data encryption (数据加密) and desensitization so that personal information cannot be disclosed during the process of data transmission.”
1. According to the poster, how long “will the takers spend taking this national census”?
A. Less than one month. B. No more than one month.
C. More than one month. D. As long as one month.
2. In which paragraph does the poster tell us the general notes about census?
A. Paragraph 1. B. Paragraph 2. C. Paragraph 3. D. Paragraph 4.
3. How many ways to register your information are mentioned in the poster?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
4. What does the last part of the poster tell us?
A. The basic knowledge of census.
B. The special ways of registering the information.
C. The announcement of starting the national census.
D. The technologies of protecting one’s personal information being disclosed.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D
【解析】本文是说明文。我国第七次全国人口普查登记11月1日零时正式启动，持续至12月10日。本次普查，普查对象首次可选择自主填报，也可以由普查员上门登记，人口普查个人信息严格加密管理，不会泄露。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“China on Sunday will start its seventh national census on November 1st, 2020… It will last till December 10th , 2020.( 中国将于2020年11月1日开始第七届全国人口普查。它将持续到2020年12月10日。)”可知，这次人口普查持续一个多月。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，本段讲述了全国人口普查（national census）是指在国家统一规定的时间内（within a defined period），按照统一的方法、统一的项目、统一的调查表和统一的标准时点（using the same method, categories and survey forms at a set time），对全国人口普遍地、逐户逐人地进行的一次性调查登记。普查对象是普查标准时点在中华人民共和国境内的自然人（the natural persons living within the territory of the People's Republic of China on the standard time point of census）以及在中华人民共和国境外但未定居的中国公民（the Chinese citizens who are outside the territory of the People’s Republic of China but have not become permanent residents of the other country），不包括在中华人民共和国境内短期停留的境外人员（foreigners who are making a short-term stay within the territory of the People's Republic of China shall be excluded）”可知，第二段讲述了普查的基础知识点。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据文中第三段“When census takers knock on your door, you can answer the questions by registering the information directly on the smart devices. Or, the census taker will offer you an account number and a QR code so that you yourself can register your information within a certain time.(普查员上门时，住户可以直接在普查智能设备上填报信息，也可以请普查员提供自主填报的二维码及自主填报码与密码，在规定时间内完成自主填报。)”可知，有两种登录信息的方式。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。通读最后一段，文字关键词“All information collected is filled in through the internet and is directly uploaded to the national database in real-time, eliminating (消除) possible human interference. Both the mobile end and the server end have adopted highly strict technology of data encryption (数据加密) and desensitization so that personal information cannot be disclosed during the process of data transmission(采集的所有信息通过互联网填报，数据会被实时上传至处理中心，消除了人为干预的可能性。信息采集的移动端和服务器端采取了严密的数据加密和脱敏技术，个人信息不会在数据传输过程中泄露。)可知，本段讲述个人信息不会在信息传输过程中泄露。故选D。
2
What is the most shocking about heatwaves is not merely that they have hit a usually temperate area, nor that so many long-standing temperature records are being broken. It is that those records are being broken by such large margins (幅度). In Portland, Oregon, the temperature reached 46.6℃(116℃)— making it one of several cities in the region where previous records have been beaten by a full 5℃(9℃).
Heatwaves may generate headlines, but less attention is paid to them than they deserve. In 2018 roughly 300,000 people over the age of 65 died as a result of extreme heat, a 54% increase since 2000. Unlike storms and floods, heat does not lead to dramatic before-and-after pictures. Its victims are often apparent only when statisticians add up excess deaths and hospital admissions. The fact that as many as 70,000 people died as a result of a heatwave in Europe in 2003, for example, became apparent only in 2008. Heat also worsens conditions such as heart problems, so not all the deaths it causes may be directly attributed to it.
To protect people against extreme heat, governments can set up early-warning systems to alert health workers, shut down schools and suspend outdoor activities. They can provide the public with forecasts of coming heatwaves, explanations of the dangers and detailed advice on what to do. Whatever our strategy, we should get to it, because the prognosis is not good. According to a report by NRDC, the total number of excessive heat days in the United States will increase to more than eight times the baseline level by the end of the century.
The world is, understandably, focused on a different health crisis right now. But heatwaves pose an entirely foreseeable threat in the decades to come. The timing and severity of the coronavirus pandemic(新冠疫情)could not have been foreseen. These other far more predictable and preventable crises are different. There is no excuse for failing to take them more seriously.
5. What is the most surprising about heatwaves?
A. How large the affected regions are.
B. How greatly human health is impacted.
C. How much higher the temperature records go.
D. How many temperature records have been beaten.
6. What can we learn about the heat from Paragraph 2?
A. It is a mild headache. B. It is an underrated problem.
C. It causes apparent destruction. D. It causes widespread concern.
7. What does the underlined word "prognosis" mean in Paragraph 3?
A. Forecast. B. Intention. C. Harvest. D. Response.
8. Why is the coronavirus pandemic mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. To warn people of unforeseen health risks.
B. To illustrate how extreme heat threatens us.
C. To stress the necessity of addressing the heat.
D. To draw attention to the severity of health crises.
【答案】5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C
【解析】本篇是说明文。高温热浪危险甚多，政府等部门应该采取措施，但实际情况却是一直被忽视。因此作者呼吁大家重视起来。
5. 细节理解题。由第一段的“What is the most shocking about heatwaves is not merely that they have hit a usually temperate area, nor that so many long-standing temperature records are being broken. It is that those records are being broken by such large margins (幅度)（关于热浪，最令人震惊的不仅仅是热浪袭击了一个通常温和的地区，也不是这么多长期存在的温度记录正在被打破。正是这些记录以如此巨大的幅度被打破了）”可知，打破的高温纪录上升幅度之大才最令人吃惊。故选C。
6. 推理判断题。从第二段第一句“Heatwaves may generate headlines, but less attention is paid to them than they deserve.”可知热浪可能也有一些新闻报道，但没引来足够关注。倒数第二句“The fact that as many as 70,000 people died as a result of a heatwave in Europe in 2003, for example, became apparent only in 2008. ”举例提出2003年因为热浪欧洲死了7万多人，2008年才显而易见。这是因为一般要等到好几年后统计学数据出来才会发现受害者数量之大。由此推知，人们热浪造成的问题反应平淡，即人们总是低估这个问题。故选B。
7. 词句猜测题。根据后文下一句“According to a report by NRDC，the total number of excessive heat days in the United States will increase to more than eight times the baseline level by the end of the century.”NRDC对未来的预测是本世纪末美国极其炎热的总天数将会比基础天数增加8倍之多。情况不容乐观。同时前一句话“Whatever our strategy, we should get to it.”可知不管我们采取什么策略，我们都应该采取行动，因为预测不容乐观。由此可知，划线词意为“预测”，与forecast同义。故选A。
8. 判断推理题。根据最后一段倒数二三句“The timing and severity of the coronavirus pandemic（新冠疫情）could not have been foreseen. These other far more predictable and preventable crises are different. ”（新冠疫情的时间和严重程度是不可预估的，而其他的可预测并且可以阻止的灾难就不一样了）可知，作者认为目前全世界现在都在关注疫情，但是疫情是不可预见的，高温热浪则是可以预见且可以预防的，故没有理由不受到重视。由此推知，作者通过引用新冠的例子，呼吁人们应该更加重视解决高温问题。故选C。
3
Chemicals are a requirement to keep farmers competitive, kill pests, and produce at a scale that means they can have a good livelihood. However, the EU has banned 250 chemical pesticides, forcing farmers to come up with alternative solutions.
The answer to an environmentally friendly pest-free farm is ducks. This approach was viewed by thousands of people late last year but the images turned out to be false. However, after some digging, we have found that it is real in many other places. There are a number of farms in countries like China, Japan, and South Africa that release thousands of ducks on their crops in order to keep off smaller bugs.
A wine vineyard(葡萄园) called Vergenoegd in South Africa has a team of 1,200 ducks to defend its vineyards. The location of the place is beside a large lake which makes snails arrive in incredible numbers to the location. Left unattended, their vineyards would be devoured by the snails. To combat this, the farmers hire some ducks. Every morning, the ducks will slowly go through the vineyards and will finish up by about 4 pm. A full day's work may sound pretty tough but the ducks receive good payment, all they can eat in snails and other insects.
The farm has been using ducks since 1984 as pesticides are not the only benefit. Ducks also provide great fertilizer as their poo is very high in nutrients and helps the vines to grow quickly and strongly.
While using ducks instead of pesticides seems to be a win-win situation all around, it does have its drawbacks. Most notably, the cost. At Vergenoegd, the ducks cost about nineteen thousand dollars per year to care for. The vineyard social media manager David Badenhorst says that using traditional chemical-based methods of pest control would be far less expensive, but of course much less sustainable. Farmers are working to come up with a label to attach their products to show it is more environmental awareness.
9. What do we know about the images mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. They were very popular. B. They proved to be real.
C. They were taken in Japan. D. They polluted the environment.
10. Why do the farmers use ducks in Vergenoegd?
A. To make it home to more snails. B. To expand the size of the vineyard.
C. To try a new way of raising ducks. D. To keep it away from harmful insects.
11. What does the underlined word “devoured” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Tidied. B. Eaten up. C. Decorated. D. Taken care of.
12. What can we infer about traditional chemical-based method according to Badenhorst?
A. It has more advantages. B. It'll gain more popularity later.
C. It can be expensive soon. D. It fails to be environment-friendly.
【答案】9. A 10. D 11. B 12. D
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。介绍为了可持续发展，对环境有利，欧盟禁止多种农药的使用。改为在农业用地养鸭子。这带来了很多好处，同时也有不良影响。
9. 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“This approach was viewed by thousands of people late last year but the images turned out to be false.”可知这一方法去年被成千上万的人观看；第二段最后一句“There are a number of farms in countries like China, Japan, and South Africa that release thousands of ducks”则表明许多国家许多农场都养了鸭。故可推测出这一做法流行起来了。故选A项。
10. 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“has a team of 1,200 ducks to defend its vineyards.”可知养鸭子是为了保护葡萄园；最后一句“…but the ducks receive good payment, all they can eat in snails and other insects.”可知所有的鸭子都能吃蜗牛等昆虫。即养鸭子抓虫子以保护葡萄园。故选D项。
11. 词义猜测题。根据第三段第三句“Left unattended, their vineyards would be devoured by of the snails.”可知如果葡萄园不加看护管理，就会被蜗牛devoured，而后文提到的是用养鸭子吃蜗牛，故可推测出如果蜗牛太多，对葡萄园有害：即葡萄树被啃。A. Tidied 意为“整理”；B. Eaten up 意为“吃光”； C. Decorated 意为“装饰”； D. Taken care of 意为“照顾”。故选B项。
12. 推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数二句“The vineyard social media manager David Badenhorst says that using traditional chemical-based methods of pest control would be far less expensive, but of course much less sustainable.”可知Badenhorst 认为传统的化学法管控昆虫成本便宜点，但是不可持续，即对环境不友好。选项D指出传统方法未能做到对环境友好。故选D项。
4
The amount of plastic pollution in the oceans is rapidly increasing. This is problematic, as at least 700 species of sea animals may mistake it for a tasty snack. While we know that some species seem to eat plastic because it looks like jellyfish or some other food source, less research has been carried out into what plastic smells like to marine animals.
But now, a study from the University of North Carolina has found that the coating of algae that naturally builds up on ocean plastics causes the rubbish to give off the scent of food.
The researchers took 15 loggerhead turtles, each around five months old, and placed them in a laboratory tank. They then piped in clean water, clean plastic, turtle food, and plastic that had been immersed in the marine environment for five weeks.
The turtles showed no reaction to the smell of clean water or clean plastic. But when they were exposed to the smell of ocean-soaked plastic 'or turtle food, they exhibited food-seeking behaviors like reaching their noses out of the water or showing increasing activities.
“This finding is the first demonstration that the smell of ocean plastics causes animals to eat them,” said Dr. Kenneth J Lohmann, who took part in the study. "It's common to find loggerhead turtles with their digestive systems fully or partially blocked because they've eaten plastic materials. There are also increasing reports of sea turtles that have become ill and stranded on the beach due to their ingestion of plastic."
According to the researchers, areas of the ocean with dense concentrations of plastic may trick turtles and other animals into thinking that there is an abundant food source. "Once these plastics are in the ocean, we don't have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food," said Lohmann.
13. Why is plastic pollution posing a threat to marine animals?
A. It may eat up all jellyfish. B. It may mislead them as food.
C. It may kill them with its smell. D. It may trap 700 species of sea animals.
14. What may attract the loggerhead turtles in the laboratory tank to search for food?
A. Sea water B. Clear water C. Brand-new plastic D. Sea-soaked plastic
15. What can be inferred from Lohmann's words in the last paragraph?
A. Turtles should be trained to be more intelligent.
B. Plastics should be kept from getting into the ocean at all.
C. An abundant food source should be offered to sea animals.
D. Researchers should come up with a solution to the current problem.
16. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Ways Found to Remove Plastics
B. Loggerhead Turtles Faced with Food Shortage
C. Ocean Plastics- Trick or Treat?
D. Plastic Pollution- Compromise or Control?
【答案】13. B 14. D 15. B 16. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海水中的塑料垃圾对海洋动物的影响。
13. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The amount of plastic pollution in the oceans is rapidly increasing. This is problematic, as at least 700 species of sea animals may mistake it for a tasty snack. (海洋中塑料污染的数量正在迅速增加。这是有问题的，因为至少700种海洋动物可能会把它误认为美味的小吃。)”可知，塑料污染会对海洋动物造成威胁是因为它们可能会把塑料误当作食物。故选B。
14. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The turtles showed no reaction to the smell of clean water or clean plastic. But when they were exposed to the smell of ocean-soaked plastic 'or turtle food, they exhibited food-seeking behaviors like reaching their noses out of the water or showing increasing activities.(海龟对干净的水或塑料的气味没有反应。但当它们暴露在浸过海水的塑料或海龟食物的气味中时，它们会表现出寻找食物的行为，比如将鼻子探出水面或表现出越来越多的活动。)”可知，被海水浸泡过的塑料会吸引红海龟在实验室的水箱里寻找食物。故选D。
15. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“According to the researchers, areas of the ocean with dense concentrations of plastic may trick turtles and other animals into thinking that there is an abundant food source. "Once these plastics are in the ocean, we don't have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food," said Lohmann.(研究人员称，塑料密集的海域可能会让海龟和其他动物误以为这里有丰富的食物来源。“一旦这些塑料进入海洋，我们就没有很好的方法来清除它们或防止它们闻起来像食物，”罗曼说。)”可知，从罗曼最后一段的话可以推断出塑料应该完全防止进入海洋。故选B。
16. 主旨大意题。阅读全文以及根据文章第一段“The amount of plastic pollution in the oceans is rapidly increasing. This is problematic, as at least 700 species of sea animals may mistake it for a tasty snack. While we know that some species seem to eat plastic because it looks like jellyfish or some other food source, less research has been carried out into what plastic smells like to marine animals.(海洋中塑料污染的数量正在迅速增加。这是有问题的，因为至少700种海洋动物可能会把它误认为美味的小吃。虽然我们知道有些物种似乎会吃塑料，因为它看起来像水母或其他食物来源，但关于塑料对海洋动物来说是什么气味的研究却很少。)”可知，本文主要介绍了海水中的塑料垃圾对海洋动物的影响。所以“Plastic Pollution- Compromise or Control?(塑料污染：妥协还是控制?)”作为题目最合适。故选D。
二、完形填空
Laura Stone is the founder of Sydney by Kayak (皮艇), a company that offers guided kayak tours of Sydney Harbor in Australia.
A few years ago, Laura was paddling in the harbor when she 17 much garbage floating in the water. Then an 18 suddenly struck her. She decided to risk 19 a tour program “Tourists 20 rubbish on the water as they spend little money touring.” Her program was a big 21 , which was beyond her expectation. 22 , Sydney by Kayak has ever since led four to five garbage-collecting tours every week!
At the start of COVID-19, Laura assumed her 23 would drop off. Instead, more people came and 24 her “Clean Up Kayak” tour, making it more 25 than ever. They now 26 take about 441 pounds of garbage out of the harbor each week!
“We're surprised that we've 27 it,” Laura said. “Because people can't travel these days, people are 28 to look for something to entertain them. Actually, this tour is not just good for them, but also good for the 29 .”
Some people come back many times for the 30 of collecting rubbish from the harbor. Julie Greening has 31 ten times so far and says, “While 32 the sunshine, we can do some small things for the earth, which is so 33 . If everyone takes a little 34 it's going to be beneficial.”
Laura came up with the program 35 , and it helps the earth as much as it helps participants. We hope it 36 all over the world, making the world become a better place for us to live in.
17. A. imagined B. noticed C. kept D. stopped
18. A. experience B. idea C. expectation D. action
19. A. starting B. confirming C. learning D. delaying
20. A. throw away B. focus on C. clean up D. pay for
21. A. duty B. step C. dream D. hit
22. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Instead
23. A. plan B. job C. method D. business
24. A. distributed B. changed C. joined D. shared
25. A. popular B. unique C. expensive D. authentic
26. A. finally B. gradually C. routinely D. fortunately
27. A. improved B. saved C. made D. recognized
28. A. afraid B. proud C. brave D. eager
29. A. environment B. skillfulness C. behavior D. friendship
30. A. generosity B. satisfaction C. explanation D. appointment
31. A. booked B. announced C. wandered D. returned
32. A. finding B. spreading C. enjoying D. escaping
33. A. valuable B. natural C. tough D. complex
34. A. reward B. talent C. potential D. responsibility
35. A. by chance B. in return C. as usual D. on purpose
36. A. passes by B. catches on C. gives out D. goes off
【答案】17. B 18. B 19. A 20. C 21. D 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。Sydney by Kayak的创始人劳拉开办了一个旅游项目，游客清理水上垃圾，从而几乎不用付费。这个项目非常流行，给游客和地球都带来了好处。
17. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年前，劳拉在港口划船时，注意到水里漂浮着很多垃圾。A. imagined想象；B. noticed注意到；C. kept保持；D. stopped停止。根据“much garbage floating in the water”可知，此处是指劳拉注意到水里漂浮着很多垃圾。故选B。
18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她突然有了一个主意。A. experience经历；B. idea主意；C. expectation期待；D. action行动。根据“She decided to”可知，此处是指她有了一个主意。故选B。
19. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她决定冒险开办一个旅游项目，“游客清理水上垃圾，这样他们在旅游上就几乎不花钱。”A. starting开始；B. confirming证实；C. learning学习；D. delaying延迟。根据“Then an idea suddenly struck her.”和“a tour program”可知，此处是指开办一个旅游项目。故选A。
20. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她决定冒险开办一个旅游项目，“游客清理水上垃圾，这样他们在旅游上就几乎不花钱。”A. throw away扔掉；B. focus on专注于；C. clean up清理；D. pay for赔偿。根据“Sydney by Kayak has ever since led four to five garbage-collecting tours every week”可知，此处是指游客清理水上垃圾。故选C。
21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的项目大受欢迎，这出乎她的意料。A. duty责任；B. step步骤；C. dream梦想；D. hit热门。根据“Sydney by Kayak has ever since led four to five garbage-collecting tours every week”可知，她的项目大受欢迎。故选D。
22. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，从那时起，Sydney by Kayak每周都会组织四到五次垃圾收集之旅！A. However但是；B. Therefore因此；C. Moreover并且；D. Instead相反的是。因为项目大受欢迎，所以从那以后，Sydney by Kayak每周都会组织四到五次垃圾收集之旅。故选B。
23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在新冠疫情刚开始的时候，劳拉以为她的生意会下降。A. plan计划；B. job工作；C. method方法；D. business生意。根据“would drop off”可知，此处是指劳拉以为她的生意会下降。故选D。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，更多的人来参加她的“清理皮划艇”之旅，使它比以往任何时候都更受欢迎。A. distributed分配；B. changed改变；C. joined参加；D. shared分享。根据“Instead”可知，更多的人来参加她的“清理皮划艇”之旅。故选C。
25. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，更多的人来参加她的“清理皮划艇”之旅，使它比以往任何时候都更受欢迎。A. popular受欢迎的；B. unique独特的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. authentic真正的。根据“than ever”可知，以前就很受欢迎，现在比以前更受欢迎。故选A。
26. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们现在每周从港口运出约441磅垃圾！A. finally最后；B. gradually渐渐地；C. routinely常规地；D. fortunately幸运地。根据“each week”可知，此处是指他们常规会每周从港口运出约441磅垃圾。故选C。
27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们很惊讶我们做到了，”劳拉说。A. improved改善；B. saved拯救；C. made做；D. recognized承认。根据前文“which was beyond her expectation”可知，此处是指她很惊讶这个项目成功了。故选C。
28. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为现在人们不能旅行，人们渴望寻找一些娱乐他们的东西。A. afraid害怕的；B. proud骄傲的；C. brave勇敢的；D. eager渴望的。根据“Because people can't travel these days”可知，此处是指人们渴望寻找一些娱乐他们的东西。故选D。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这次旅行不仅对他们有好处，而且对环境也有好处。A. environment环境；B. skillfulness娴熟；C. behavior行为；D. friendship友谊。这个项目是收集海上的垃圾，所以对环境有好处。故选A。
30. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人多次回来，只为从港口收集垃圾的满足感。A. generosity慷慨，大方；B. satisfaction满足；C. explanation解释；D. appointment约会。根据“we can do some small things for the earth”（我们可以为地球做一些小事）可知，此处是指从港口收集垃圾的满足感。故选B。
31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：朱莉·格里宁已经回来十次了，她说，“在享受阳光的同时，我们可以为地球做一些小事情，这是很有价值的。如果每个人都承担一点责任，这将是有益的。”A. booked预定；B. announced宣布；C. wandered漫步；D. returned回来。根据“Some people come back many times”可知，此处是指朱莉·格里宁已经回来十次了。故选D。
32. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：朱莉·格里宁已经回来十次了，她说，“在享受阳光的同时，我们可以为地球做一些小事情，这是很有价值的。如果每个人都承担一点责任，这将是有益的。” A. finding发现；B. spreading传播；C. enjoying享受；D. escaping逃跑。根据“the sunshine”可知，此处是指在游艇旅行中享受阳光。故选C。
33. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：朱莉·格里宁已经回来十次了，她说，“在享受阳光的同时，我们可以为地球做一些小事情，这是很有价值的。如果每个人都承担一点责任，这将是有益的。”A. valuable有价值的；B. natural自然的；C. tough粗糙的；D. complex复杂的。根据“we can do some small things for the earth”可知，这样的事是有价值的。故选A。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：朱莉·格里宁已经回来十次了，她说，“在享受阳光的同时，我们可以为地球做一些小事情，这是很有价值的。如果每个人都承担一点责任，这将是有益的。”A. reward奖励；B. talent天赋；C. potential潜力；D. responsibility责任。根据“it's going to be beneficial”可知，此处是指每个人都承担一点保护地球的责任。故选D。
35. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：劳拉偶然想出了这个项目，它帮助了地球，也帮助了参与者。A. by chance偶然；B. in return作为回报；C. as usual像往常一样；D. on purpose故意地。根据“Then an idea suddenly struck her.”可知，劳拉偶然想出了这个项目。故选A。
36. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们希望它能在全世界流行起来，让世界成为一个更适合我们居住的地方。A. passes by路过；B. catches on变得流行；C. gives out分发；D. goes off离开。根据“all over the world”可知，此处是指在全世界流行起来。故选B。
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ocean sounds may help people sleep at night, but animals in the oceans depend on 37. (they) for survival. Animals like dolphins, which rely on echolocation(回声定位) to hunt and “clicks” to communicate with their companions, 38. (be) now in trouble because ocean noise caused by humans has increased 39. (significant) since the Industrial Revolution.
Ships alone have produced low-frequency sounds along shipping routes. That's along with noise from sonar, seismic surveys, pile driving and even motorboats, which traps whales in ice by 40. (delay) their travel, according to a review 41. (publish) last week in Science.
The paper notes that climate change also threatens the soundtrack of the sea. The Great Barrier Reef has quieted over the years as it has become smaller 42. size and less habitable. Animals 43. rely on the sounds of coral reefs(珊瑚礁) to locate food and settlements may struggle to adapt. It is not just a simple 44. (assume) but a problem which deserves great attention and concern.
The authors argue that reducing the human-made noise in the ocean should be a vital component of environmental policy and they say it can 45. (do). A study conducted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic found that a reduction in shipping traffic contributed to an average decrease of noise in waters along shipping routes near the Port of Vancouver. That was 46. piece of inspiring news.
【答案】
37. them
38. are
39. significantly
40. delaying
41. published
42. in
43. that/which
44. assumption
45. be done
46. a/one
【解析】这是一篇说明文。人为的噪音和气候变化使得海洋生物的生存受到威胁，这一问题应该引起重视并得到解决。
37. 考查人称代词宾格。句意：海洋的声音可能有助于人们在夜间睡觉，但海洋中的动物依靠海洋的声音生存。在介词on后作宾语应用人称代词宾格。故填them。
38. 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：像海豚这样依靠回声定位来捕猎和“咔嗒”声与同伴交流的动物现在陷入困境，因为自工业革命以来，人类造成的海洋噪音显著增加。根据now可知，此处表述现在的客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。主语animals为复数。故填are。
39. 考查副词。句意：像海豚这样依靠回声定位来捕猎和“咔嗒”声与同伴交流的动物现在陷入困境，因为自工业革命以来，人类造成的海洋噪音显著增加。修饰动词increased应用副词significantly表示“显著地”作状语。故填significantly。
40. 考查动名词。句意：上周发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇评论称，声纳、地震调查、打桩甚至摩托艇发出的噪音都会导致鲸鱼推迟游动，从而将鲸鱼困在冰中。在介词by后应用动名词作宾语。故填delaying。
41. 考查过去分词。句意：上周发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇评论称，声纳、地震调查、打桩甚至摩托艇发出的噪音都会导致鲸鱼推迟游动，从而将鲸鱼困在冰中。动词publish意为“发表”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语review构成被动关系，且根据last week可知，动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填published。
42. 考查固定搭配。句意：随着大堡礁变得越来越小，越来越不适合居住，它已经沉寂了多年。in size意为“在大小方面”，为固定搭配。故填in。
43. 考查定语从句。句意：依靠珊瑚礁的声音寻找食物和定居点的动物可能难以适应。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为animals，所以应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。
44. 考查名词。句意：这不仅仅是一个简单的假设，而是一个值得高度关注和关心的问题。根据“but a problem”和空前的a可知，此处应用可数名词单数assumption“假设”作表语。故填assumption。
45. 考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：作者认为，减少海洋中人为噪声应该是环境政策的重要组成部分，他们说这是可以做到的。动词do意为“做”，it代指“reducing the human-made noise in the ocean”，和do构成被动关系。在情态动词can后应用动词原形。故填be done。
46. 考查固定搭配。句意：这是一条鼓舞人心的消息。a/one piece of意为“一条”，为固定搭配。故填a/one。
四、应用文写作
　　上周末, 你班开展了以“美化城市环境, 倡导低碳生活”为宗旨的志愿者活动。请你就这个活动为校报写一篇题为“A Voluntary Activity”的短文。内容包括:
1. 活动内容、宗旨;
2. 对同学的影响以及你的评价。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
参考词汇: 传单leaflet
A Voluntary Activity
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【参考范文】
A Voluntary Activity
Last weekend, our class launched a voluntary activity, the theme of which was to make the city more beautiful and advocate a low-carbon lifestyle.
In the morning, we went to plant trees in the suburbs. Some planted trees, and others watered them. In the afternoon, we went to the People’s Square to hand out leaflets, raising people’s awareness of environmental protection. We all thought highly of the activity.
As far as I’m concerned, it’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment. Low-carbon living is surely a way of great significance so do take action now before it is too late.