主题07 文娱与体育-2022年高考英语一轮复习热门主题词汇记忆+题型突破专练

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2022年高考英语一轮复习热门主题词汇记忆+题型突破专练
主题07 文娱与体育
【主题词汇记忆】
【高频单词】
·识记 1·
1. amusement　　　　 n. 娱乐
2. applaud v. 鼓掌欢迎
3. appreciate vt. 欣赏
4. athlete n. 运动员
athletic adj. 健壮的, 体育运动的
5. audience n. 听众, 观众
6. award n. 奖品, 奖金
v. 授予; 给予
7. behalf n. 利益; 代表
8. cancel v. 取消
9. champion n. 冠军
championship n. 锦标赛; 冠军称号
10. cheer v. &n. 欢呼, 喝彩
·识记 2·
1. coach n. 教练员
2. companion n. 同伴
3. compete　　 vi. 比赛, 竞赛
competition n. 比赛, 竞赛
competitor n. 竞赛者, 比赛者
4. concert n. 音乐会; 演奏会
5. criterion n. 标准, 准则
6. courage n. 勇气; 胆略
7. defeat v. 击败; 战胜
8. delay　　 v. &n. 延误, 延迟, 耽搁
9. director　　 n. 导演
10. enthusiastic adj. 热情的, 热心的
·识记 3·
1. event n. 事件; 大事
2. fitness n. 健康
3. hit n. (演出等)成功; 打击; 打
4. instruct vt. 通知; 指示; 教
instruction n. 说明; 教导
instrument n. 乐器; 工具, 器械
5. judge　　 n. 裁判; 审判员; 法官
v. 判断, 断定
6. literature n. 文学(作品)
7. match v. 使相配, 使成对
n. 比赛, 竞赛; 火柴
8. medal n. 奖牌
9. organise vt. 组织
organiser n. 组织者
organisation n. 组织, 机构
10. participate vi. 参加, 参与
participant n. 参与者; 参加者
·识记 4·
1. perfect adj. 完美的, 极好的
2. perform v. 表演, 履行; 行动
performance n. 演出, 表演
performer n. 表演者, 执行者
3. plot n. 剧情
4. prepare vt. 准备, 预备
preparation n. 准备
5. present adj. 出现的, 出席的
n. 礼物, 赠品
v. 呈现, 奉送
presentation n. 演示, 演出
6. programme n. 节目; 项目
7. recreation n. 娱乐, 消遣
8. refresh v. 使恢复精力, 重新振作
9. regular adj. 规则的, 惯常的
regulation n. 规则, 规章
10. relax v. (使)放松, 轻松
·识记 5·
1. reputation n. 名誉; 名声
2. select v. 选择, 挑选, 选拔
3. shot n. 投篮; 射门
4. stadium n. (露天)体育场
5. studio n. 工作室, 演播室
6. symphony n. 交响乐; 交响曲
7. tournament n. 锦标赛, 联赛
8. track n. 轨道; 田径
9. winner n. 获胜者
10. worth adj. 有……的价值, 值得……的
worthless adj. 没有价值的, 没有用的
worthwhile adj. 值得做的
worthy adj. 值得的
【高频短语】
·识记 1·
1. a close game　　　　　 　 一场势均力敌的比赛
2. be beneficial to 对……有益
3. break the record 打破纪录
4. become the pride of the nation
成为国家的骄傲
5. classic/popular/folk music 经典/流行/民间音乐
6. contribute to 有助于
7. compose a song 创作歌曲
8. cooperate with 与……合作
9. compete in 在……方面竞争
10. go all out 全力以赴
·识记 2·
1. in good form 状态好
2. make a hit 流行
3. physical exercise 体育锻炼
4. physical development 身体发育
5. participate in the bidding campaign 参加申办活动
6. record holder 纪录保持者
7. strengthen friendship 增进友谊
8. set a new world record 创造新的世界纪录
9. stand for 代表
10. sign up 报名; 与……签订合同
【佳句品读】
1. Sports are perhaps the most popular form of relaxation that almost all can enjoy.
体育运动可能是几乎所有人都可享受的最大众化的放松形式。
2. Frankly speaking, I prefer football to basketball.
坦率地说, 我喜欢足球胜过喜欢篮球。
3. China won a lot of gold medals, many of which were won by women. 中国赢得了好多的金牌, 其中许多是女子赢得的。
4. It’s said that there will be a concert conducted by a world-famous conductor on Sunday evening.
据说周日晚上将有一场音乐会, 它由一位世界著名的指挥家指挥。
5. As far as I’m concerned, running not only is a good way to build up our strength but also helps us relax and relieve the pressure of learning.
就我个人而言, 跑步不仅是强身健体的好方法, 而且有助于我们放松心情, 缓解学习压力。
6. In response to the Sunshine Sports Activities launched by our school, we have organized long-distance running in the morning. 为了响应学校发起的阳光体育活动, 我们早上组织了长跑活动。
7. Second, going outdoors and playing team games with your friends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.
第二, 和你的朋友去户外参加团队游戏的体育锻炼是一种有效的排解愤怒的方式。
8. I propose that our school should organize this kind of activity more frequently.
我建议我们学校应该经常组织这样的活动。
9. Only those athletes who have reached the required standard are allowed to take part.
只有那些达到标准的运动员才能够参加。
10. It was not until the late 1800s that shooting developed into a sports item.
射击直到19世纪末才发展成为一项体育项目。
11. Some people seem to think that sports and games are unimportant things that people do at times when they are not working.
有些人似乎认为体育运动不是什么重要的事情, 只是人们在不工作的时候才偶尔去做的。
12. Generally speaking, there are two kinds of recreations: physical activities and intellectual activities. 一般来说, 有两种娱乐活动: 体力活动和脑力活动。
13. I think of reading as the most rewarding entertainment activity in my spare time. 我认为阅读是我业余时间最有价值的娱乐活动。
14. Not only does basketball give me a lot of happiness, but also it brings me changes.
篮球不仅给了我很多快乐, 也给我带来变化。
15. It was the violin that brought me into the music world and I was totally fascinated by it. 是小提琴把我带到了音乐世界, 我完全被它迷住了。
16. There’s no doubt that we can both relax ourselves and know the true meaning of life by watching movies. 毫无疑问, 我们通过看电影既可以放松自己又能知道生活的真正意义。
17. Nowadays, a lot of recreational activities are available for people to release their stress of work or study. 如今, 很多娱乐活动能帮助人们缓解工作或学习上的压力。
18. Last but not least, such activities like climbing a mountain provide a good chance to do exercise. 最后但同样重要的一点, 像爬山这样的活动提供了一个锻炼的好机会。
19. After-school activities can give us amusement and help us to relax ourselves, among which playing basketball is my favorite.
课外活动可以给我们娱乐, 帮助我们放松自己, 其中打篮球是我最喜欢的。
20. It’s time to take action to stay away from the TV and computer and to take part in sports activities.
是时候采取行动远离电视、电脑去参加体育活动了。
【题型突破专练】
一、阅读理解
1
Last weekend was terrible for awards ceremonies. The BAFTAS,defined by a painful monologue（独角戏）from Joanna Lumley, was watched by 500,000 fewer people than last year. Meanwhile,the number of 18﹣to 49-year-olds watching the Grammys has reached an all-time low.
Don't expect the Oscars to fare any better；they have lost millions of viewers since 2014. Add to the fact that comparatively few people have watched most of the nominated films and you have got a ratings time bomb.
Viewers are deserting awards shows in groups and something needs to be done. But what？Reorganize them to celebrate really popular work？That's what the Oscars put forward last year when it suggested a best popular film category﹣and it was swiftly booed（喝倒彩）out of town.
Another option would be to shorten the length of the ceremonies, but this won't work either. The Oscars recently announced plans to hide several categories in ad breaks,and the anger in some quarters（the cinematographers, makeup artists and editors who this year won't get their moment on the small screen）has been obvious.
What else can they do？ Fewer songs？ Shorter speeches？ An In Memoriam section that consists of the words： "People die： get over it"？
Fortunately, I have the perfect solution： don't televise awards shows. Just don't do it. Awards shows are the opposite of good television. They're too long and too boring because of regular and repeated patterns and too self﹣important. And by God, we should have learned by now not to give celebrities any more attention than they already have. It just makes them think that we want to hear them giving out half﹣baked opinions about Donald Trump and Brexit.
I'm not suggesting that the awards shows shouldn't happen. I'm just saying that the awards should be announced in the form of a press release at the end of the ceremony, followed by a handful of You Tube clips showing some nice outfits and a couple of speeches. That's how most of us consume them now anyway.
1. Why does the writer mention the BAFTAS and the Grammys？
A. To introduce the topic of the article.
B. To support the topic of the paragraph.
C. To attract the readers' attention.
D. To make comparison with the Oscars.
2. What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 3 refer to？
A. The best popular film category.
B. The best actress.
C. The reorganized Oscars.
D. The deserted awards show.
3. What's the writer's opinion on awards shows？
A. Awards shows are better if shortened.
B. Awards shows are excellent television.
C. Awards shows are important to us.
D. Awards shows should be shown in another form.
4. What is the passage mainly about？
A. The bright future of awards shows.
B. What terrible awards shows.
C. Stopping the television of awards shows.
D. Boycott attention to celebrities.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了颁奖典礼收视率下降， 作者建议不要在电视上播出， 可以换成其他的形式播放。
1. 目的意图题。第一段“Last weekend was terrible for awards ceremonies. ”（上周末的颁奖典礼真糟糕）提出本段主题，紧接着后面两句提到BAFTA和Gramys这两个颁奖典礼收视惨淡的情况来证明本段主题。故选B。
2. 代词指代题。根据第三段中“That's what the Oscars put forward last year when it suggested a best popular film category﹣ and it was swiftly booed out of town.”可知，这就是奥斯卡去年讨论的话题，当时它提出了一个最受欢迎的电影类别，但是很快就被嘘声出局了。由此可知it 指代破折号前面的a best popular film category，故选A。
3. 观点态度题。根据最后一段“ I'm not suggesting that the awards shows shouldn't happen. I'm just saying that the awards should be announced in the form of a press release at the end of the ceremony， followed by a handful of You Tube clips showing some nice outfits and a couple of speeches. ”（我不是说颁奖典礼不应该发生。我只是说颁奖典礼应该在颁奖典礼结束时以新闻稿的形式宣布，然后是一些展示一些漂亮服装的YouTube片段和几场演讲）可知，作者并不是认为这些颁奖典礼不能举行，而是认为可以换种形式播放。故选D。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了颁奖典礼收视率下降， 作者建议不要在电视上播出， 可以换成其他的形式播放，故选C。
2
In June, 11-year-old Nigerian ballet dancer Anthony Mmesoma Madu was filmed barefoot, spinning and leaping gracefully in the air and landing in concrete, rain puddles (水坑). Just a few short months later, he has become an Internet star and gained a famous scholarship in America.
Madu thought he was being recorded for a study session by his ballet instructor, instead, the short video of him practicing his moves was posted on social media and has been shared widely across the world, with some of his fans including Hollywood actors Cynthia Erivo and Viola Davis.
His dancing also caught the attention of Cynthia Harvey, the artistic director of the ABT Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School of Dance in New York. Harvey was so impressed by his talent that she tracked him down and offered him a scholarship with the American Ballet Theatre where he will attend a summer school in 2021.
Madu says his interest in ballet developed after watching Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses, a 2006 cartoon about 12 princesses who share a passion for the dance. "When I was watching the cartoon, I told my mum that I want to do ballet." he said.
He eventually got the chance to learn the dance after relocating to Ojo, a suburb (郊区) of Lagos with his mother, where they met Daniel Owoseni Ajala, founder of the Leap of Dance Academy. Ajala founded the dance academy in 2017 and has been teaching ballet for free to children who are unable to pay for a dance education since then.
When the self-taught instructor learned of Madu's desire to dance, he said he encouraged Madu's mother to let him sign up. It was during one of their sessions that he recorded Madu's dance video, but he never imagined that it would circulate rapidly.
"The video wasn't something we imagined to come out the way it did. It was just something that was supposed to show corrections of movements. It was bigger than I imagined, and I started getting calls. Celebrities were posting us," he said.
5. What can we know about Anthony Mmesoma Madu?
A. He decided to apply for a scholarship.
B. He became one of Viola Davis' big fans.
C. He posted his short video on social media.
D. He impressed many people by his dancing.
6. When did Madu show interest in ballet?
A. After attending a dance academy. B. After moving to a suburb of Lagos.
C. After watching a lively cartoon. D. After meeting Daniel Owoseni Ajala.
7. How can we describe Daniel Owoseni Ajala?
A. Demanding but sympathetic. B. Warm-hearted and respectable.
C. Stubborn but generous. D. Creative and outstanding.
8. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. A Non-profit Dance Academy B. A Wonderful Dance Performance
C. A Self-taught Ballet Instructor D. An 11-year-old Nigerian Ballet Boy
【答案】5. D 6. C 7. B 8. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了11岁的尼日利亚芭蕾舞演员Anthony Mmesoma Madu被拍到光着脚，在空中优雅地旋转跳跃，最后落在混凝土和雨坑中。短短几个月后，他就成为了网络明星，并在美国获得了一份著名的奖学金。
5. 推理判断题。根据第一段“In June, 11-year-old Nigerian ballet dancer Anthony Mmesoma Madu was filmed barefoot, spinning and leaping gracefully in the air and landing in concrete, rain puddles (水坑). (今年6月，11岁的尼日利亚芭蕾舞演员Anthony Mmesoma Madu被拍到光着脚，在空中优雅地旋转跳跃，最后落在混凝土和雨坑中)”及第二段“the short video of him practicing his moves was posted on social media and has been shared widely across the world, with some of his fans including Hollywood actors Cynthia Erivo and Viola Davis. (他练习动作的短视频被发布在社交媒体上，在世界各地被广泛分享，包括好莱坞演员Cynthia Erivo和Viola Davis在内的一些粉丝)”可知，他的跳芭蕾的视频很打动人心，给好多人留下深刻印象，被广为分享。故选D项。
6. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Madu says his interest in ballet developed after watching Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses, a 2006 cartoon about 12 princesses who share a passion for the dance.(Madu说，他对芭蕾的兴趣是在2006年看了《12位跳舞的公主》中的芭比之后发展起来的，这是一部关于12位公主都热爱舞蹈的卡通片)”可知，他是看完一部生动的关于芭蕾舞的卡通片之后，对芭蕾舞产生兴趣。故选C项。
7. 推理判断题。根据第五段“where they met Daniel Owoseni Ajala, founder of the Leap of Dance Academy. Ajala founded the dance academy in 2017 and has been teaching ballet for free to children who are unable to pay for a dance education since then. (在那里他们遇到了舞蹈学院的创始人Daniel Owoseni Ajala。Ajala于2017年创办了这所舞蹈学院，从那时起就一直在为无力支付舞蹈教育费用的孩子们免费教授芭蕾舞)”及第六段“When the self-taught instructor learned of Madu's desire to dance, he said he encouraged Madu's mother to let him sign up.(这位自学成才的教练说，当他得知玛杜想要跳舞时，他鼓励Madu的母亲让他报名)”可知，这位教练免费为付不起学费的孩子教授舞蹈，建议Madu报名，还分享Madu的练习视频。由此可知，Daniel Owoseni Ajala是一个热心的、值得人们敬重的人。故选B项。
8. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In June, 11-year-old Nigerian ballet dancer Anthony Mmesoma Madu was filmed barefoot, spinning and leaping gracefully in the air and landing in concrete, rain puddles (水坑). Just a few short months later, he has become an Internet star and gained a famous scholarship in America.(今年6月，11岁的尼日利亚芭蕾舞演员安东尼·姆梅索玛·短短几个月后，他就成为了网络明星，并在美国获得了一份著名的奖学金)”可知，这是一篇新闻类文章，主要报道这个11岁小男孩生活条件恶劣，为舞蹈而着迷，他的一段练习视频感动了很多人，小男孩是本文主角。由此可知，An 11-year-old Nigerian Ballet Boy(11岁的尼日利亚芭蕾舞男孩)适合作本文标题。故选D项。
3
Not so long ago, most people didn’t know who Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce was going to become. She was just an average high school athlete. There was every indication that she was just another Jamaican teenager without much of a future. However, one person wants to change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness. Her times were not exactly impressive, but even so, he sensed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking. He decided to offer Shelly-Ann a place in his very strict training sessions. Their cooperation quickly produced results, and a few years later at Jamaica’s Olympic trails in early 2008, Shelly Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, beat Jamaica’s unchallenged queen of the sprint (短跑).
“Where did she come from?” asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs. But Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder. At the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold. She did it again one year on at the World Championship in Berlin, becoming world champion with a time of 10.73 — the fourth fastest ever.
Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless. She grew up in one of Jamaica’s toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent and overpopulated place. Several of Shelly-Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings; one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived. Sometimes her family didn’t have enough to eat. She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn’t afford shoes. Her mother Maxime, one of a family of fourteen, had been an athlete herself as a young girl but, like so many other girls in Waterhouse, had to stop after she had her first baby. Maxime’s early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout(循环) of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.
It didn't take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.
But Shelly-Ann’s victory was far greater than that. The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped. The dark cloud above one of the world’s toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days. “I have so much fire burning for my country,” Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world.
As Muhammad Ali puts it, “Champions aren't made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a vision.” One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.
9. What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games?
A. She would become a promising star.
B. She badly needed to set higher goals.
C. Her sprinting career would not last long.
D. Her talent for sprinting was known to all.
10. What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track?
A. Her success and lessons in her career.
B. Her interest in Shelly-Ann’s quick profit.
C. Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty.
D. Her early entrance into the sprinting world.
11. What can we infer from Shelly-Ann's statement underlined in Paragraph 5?
A. She was highly rewarded for her efforts.
B. She was eager to do more for her country.
C. She became an athletic star in her country.
D. She was the envy of the whole community.
12. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Making of a Great Athlete
B. The Dream for Championship
C. The Key to High Performance
D. The Power of Full Responsibility
【答案】9. C 10. C 11. B 12. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Shelly-Ann从一个贫困的小地方出来，最后成为世界短跑冠军的事迹，告诉我们这样伟大的一位运动员是如何成功的。
9. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs(然后得出结论，她一定是那些时不时涌现、却又消失得无影无踪的热门奇迹之一)”可知，短距离疾跑世界认为Ann一次奇迹的爆发，不会长久持续下去。故选C项。
10. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Maxime’s early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty.(马克西姆带着责任早早地进入了成人世界，这让她下定决心确保自己的孩子不会最终陷入沃特豪斯的贫困困境)”可知，马克西姆决定在赛道上训练她的女儿是为了让她的女儿摆脱贫困。故选C项。
11. 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.(她计划为无家可归的孩子建立一个基金会，并希望在沃特豪斯建立一个社区中心)”可知，此处表示她渴望为她的国家做更多的事情。故选B项。
12. 标题判断题。根据文章第一段“and a few years later at Jamaica’s Olympic trails in early 2008, Shelly Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, beat Jamaica’s unchallenged queen of the sprint(几年后，在2008年初牙买加的奥运会赛道上，当时世界排名第70位的雪莉·安击败了牙买加无可匹敌的短跑皇后)”以及文章内容可知，短文主要讲述了Ann从一个贫困的小地方出来，最终成为短跑冠军的事迹，告诉我们这样伟大的一位运动员是如何成功的。故选A项。
4
Sports fandom is about more than just entertainment. It can boost your self-esteem (自尊) and make you happier — and you don’t have to root for the winning team to gain the benefits.
Being a sports fan is a “very psychologically healthy activity,” says Daniel Wann, professor at Murray State University whose research program centers on the psychology of sport fandom. Fandom connects us to other like-minded people, which satisfies our human need for belonging, he says.
These relationships are significant: People who identify as sports fans have higher levels of self-esteem, lower levels of loneliness and tend to be more satisfied with their lives compared to those who aren’t interested in sports, Wann says. Fans tend to have more access to social support, help and resources as well. Research suggests that when people have support from their communities, they have better health.
Beyond bonding, fans get to enjoy the psychological benefits of winning, even if they have nothing to do with the players or games, says Stephen Reysen, associate professor at Texas A&M University-Commerce who studies identity and fandom.
“Individuals feel that the fan interest (in this case a sport team) is a part of them,” Reysen says. “So when the team is winning, you feel like you are winning even though you are not a player.”
Of course, teams sometimes lose.
So, why do people continue to put their faith behind teams that tend to lose? People who feel a strong psychological connection to a team are more likely to root for a team when they’re having a losing season, Reysen says.
“Sports fandom has nothing to do with the outcome of a game,” Wann says. For example, if a pizza restaurant continually got your order wrong, you’d likely switch to a more reliable one. But because being a fan is so central to people’s identities, people are willing to accept defeat and continue to be loyal to a team.
Being part of a fan community can also help people cope with losses. A 2019 study found that watching a football game with other fans helps to ease the negative psychological effects of losing.
“For fans of the losing team, sharing the pain may have protected them from losing self-esteem,” Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick, co-author of the study and professor of communication at The Ohio State University said in a release.
13. According to the passage, why do sports fans feel happier?
A. Because they could gain the benefits from the winning team.
B. Because they can share pains and happiness with people who have the common interests.
C. Because they could have a low level of self-esteem.
D. Because most of them are optimistic.
14. What is the significance of the relationships between sports fans?
A. Sports fans have support from their favorite teams.
B. Sports fans have higher levels of loneliness.
C. Sports fans are likely more content with their lives.
D. Sports fans tend to compare themselves to those who aren’t interested in sports.
15. According to the passage, if the team has a losing season, the sports fans may .
A. display their identities
B. have a boost of self-esteem
C. not support the team any more
D. have a negative psychology period
16. According to the passage, what can help sports fans deal with losses of their team?
A. Being part of the team.
B. Ordering a pizza in a different restaurant.
C. Sharing the pain with family members.
D. The loyalty to the team.
17. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Sports fans have a closer relationship with other like-mined people.
B. Sports fans have higher self-esteem and are more satisfied with their lives.
C. Sports fans always put their faith behind their favorite teams.
D. Sports fandom has nothing to do with the outcome of a game.
【答案】13. B 14. C 15. D 16. D 17. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要是讲体育爱好者自尊心较强，对生活的满意度较高。
13. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Fandom connects us to other like-minded people, which satisfies our human need for belonging”（粉丝圈将我们与其他志同道合的人联系在一起，这满足了我们人类归属感的需求）可知，因为他们可以和有共同兴趣的人分享痛苦和快乐，所以才觉得更快乐。故选B。
14. 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“These relationships are significant: People who identify as sports fans have higher levels of self-esteem, lower levels of loneliness and tend to be more satisfied with their lives compared to those who aren’t interested in sports”（这些关系很重要:与那些对运动不感兴趣的人相比，那些被认为是体育迷的人有更高的自尊水平，更少的孤独感，而且往往对自己的生活更满意）可知，体育迷之间关系的意义在于体育迷可能对他们的生活更满意。故选C。
15. 推理判断题。根据第九段最后一句“A 2019 study found that watching a football game with other fans helps to ease the negative psychological effects of losing.”（2019年的一项研究发现，与其他球迷一起观看足球比赛有助于缓解输球带来的负面心理影响。）可知，如果球队的赛季输了，体育迷们可能会有一个消极的心理时期。故选D。
16. 推理判断题。根据第八段最后一句“But because being a fan is so central to people’s identities, people are willing to accept defeat and continue to be loyal to a team.”（但因为球迷对认同感的执着，人们愿意接受失败，并继续忠诚于一个球队。）可知，对球队的忠诚能帮助球迷应对球队的失败。故选D。
17. 主旨大意题。结合文章的主要内容，尤其根据第一段前两句“Sports fandom is about more than just entertainment. It can boost your self-esteem (自尊) and make you happier”（体育迷不仅仅是为了娱乐。它可以增强你的自尊，让你更快乐）可知，文章主要是讲体育爱好者自尊心较强，对生活的满意度较高。故选B。
二、完形填空
For many of us, it takes a long time to build good exercise habits. However, with gyms 18 across the country, many people have seen their exercise routines disappear. A 19 gym owner in Illinois anticipated that, and did his part to make sure that 20 stay active and meet their 21 goals.
Drew Whitted, 22 of the Be Strong Gym in Bloomington, Illinois, allowed his members to 23 more than $ 40,000 worth of workout equipment to 24 at home, free of charge, during the state’s stay-at-home order. He said that he didn’t want people to 25 their workouts — and he’s glad to see how it’s bringing families together. “Now I see a whole 26 , getting through this shelter in place, getting through this 27 time doing these workouts together, bonding together, becoming 28 , and happier together as a family,” he told CNN.
About 80 members took him up on the offer, signing out 29 ,but Drew held some back, so he could hold online training sessions every day. The small business owner has 30 to retain and pay all eight of his employees, and has offered members a free month when the quarantine (检疫隔离) is 31 . Gym member Paulette Cocco was blown away by the 32 : “He had recently put a lot of 33 into getting new equipment,” she told CNN. “I mean, his equipment is really beautiful, so it was a 34 sacrifice.”
She added that she would personally be paying him for the 35 month, anyway. The rest of Paulette’s family has recently started working out at home with her, and they are 36 to join the gym when it reopens. Whitted has 37 no worries about the equipment making its way back to the gym when it reopens, saying that members will be excited to work out together again.
18. A. started B. closed C. covered D. finished
19. A. selfish B. strong C. generous D. smart
20. A. customers B. trainers C. newcomers D. workers
21. A. life B. career C. amusement D. fitness
22. A. owner B. teacher C. partner D. helper
23. A. look out B. sign out C. set out D. hand out
24. A. buy B. bear C. use D. fix
25. A. keep B. hold C. carry D. miss
26. A. gym B. family C. unit D. company
27. A. tough B. simple C. smooth D. only
28. A. higher B. busier C. healthier D. larger
29. A. furniture B. luggage C. information D. equipment
30. A. argued B. required C. instructed D. promised
31. A. still B. over C. ever D. on
32. A. kindness B. warmth C. madness D. rudeness
33. A. progress B. money C. advice D. imagination
34. A. big B. low C. long D. total
35. A. left B. lost C. forgotten D. chosen
36. A. trying B. refusing C. planning D. demanding
37. A. witnessed B. experienced C. represented D. expressed
【答案】18. B 19. C 20. A 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. D
31. B 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. C 37. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了在居家令期间，全国各地很多健身房关闭导致很多人失去了锻炼习惯，但是伊利诺伊州一位慷慨的健身房老板Drew Whitted让顾客登记后把健身器材免费带回家锻炼，这使顾客保持活跃，达到了健身目标。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着全国各地健身房的关闭，许多人发现自己的锻炼习惯消失了。A. started开始；B. closed关闭，靠近；C. covered覆盖；D. finished完成。根据“many people have seen their exercise routines disappear”提到很多人无法坚持原来的健身习惯，可知这种情况的发生只能是全国范围内的健身房都关门了。故选B。
19. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：伊利诺伊州一位慷慨的健身房老板预见到了这一点，并尽自己的一份力量确保顾客保持活跃，达到他们的健身目标。A. selfish无私的；B. strong强壮的，坚强的；C. generous大方的，慷慨的；D. smart聪明的。根据希望“allowed his members to 　　more than $ 40,000 worth of workout equipment to 　　at home, free of charge”提到这位老板把健身房里的设备让顾客带回家，可知这是一种很慷慨的行为。故选C。
20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：伊利诺伊州一位慷慨的健身房老板预见到了这一点，并尽自己的一份力量确保顾客保持活跃，达到他们的健身目标。A. customers客人，顾客；B. trainers训练员；C. newcomers新来的人，后来者；D. workers工人。根据上文“gym owner in Illinois ”和“stay active and meet their 　　goals”可知，在健身房中健身的应该是健身房的顾客。故选A。
21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：伊利诺伊州一位慷慨的健身房老板预见到了这一点，并尽自己的一份力量确保顾客保持活跃，达到他们的健身目标。A. life生活，生命；B. career生涯，职业；C. amusement消遣，娱乐；D. fitness健康。根据上文“ exercise routines ”可知，这位老板这样做是为了满足顾客的健康目标。故选D。
22. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Drew Whitted是伊利诺伊州布卢明顿的Be Strong健身房的老板，他允许他的会员签下了价值4万多美元的健身器材，在家中免费使用。A. owner所有者；B. teacher教师；C. partner伙伴，合伙；D. helper帮助者。根据“allowed his members”可知，Drew Whitted是伊利诺伊州布卢明顿的Be Strong健身房的老板。故选A。
23. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Drew Whitted是伊利诺伊州布卢明顿的Be Strong健身房的老板，他允许他的会员签下了价值4万多美元的健身器材，在家中免费使用。A. look out注意，照料，当心；B. sign out登记离开，退出；C. set out出发，开始；D. hand out施舍，分发。根据“more than $ 40,000 worth of workout equipment ”可知，Illinois 允许他的顾客签下了40,000美元的健身设备。故选B。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Drew Whitted是伊利诺伊州布卢明顿的Be Strong健身房的老板，他允许他的会员签下了价值4万多美元的健身器材，在家中免费使用。A. buy买；B. bear忍受，承担；C. use使用；D. fix固定。根据下文“doing these workouts together”可知，这家健身馆的顾客把健身设备带回家去使用。故选C。
25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，他不想让人们错过他们的锻炼——他很高兴看到它是如何把家庭团结在一起。A. keep经营，遵守，保持；B. hold持有，拥有，保存，举行；C. carry拿，携带，搬运；D. miss错过，想念。根据上文“and did his part to make sure that　 stay active and meet their 　　 goals”可知，Whitted 想要人们保持锻炼的习惯，也就是说他不想让人们错过他们的锻炼。故选D。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在接受CNN采访时表示：“现在我看到整个家庭，一起度过这个避难所，一起度过这个艰难时期，一起做这些锻炼，团结在一起，像一个家庭一样变得更健康、更快乐。”A. gym健身房；B. family家庭；C. unit单元，单位；D. company公司。根据上文“ and he’s glad to see how it’s bringing families together.”可知，这样做可以让一家人聚在一起。故选B。
27. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他在接受CNN采访时表示：“现在我看到整个家庭，一起度过这个避难所，一起度过这个艰难时期，一起做这些锻炼，团结在一起，像一个家庭一样变得更健康、更快乐。”A. tough艰苦的，困难的，坚强的；B. simple简单的；C. smooth顺利的，光滑的；D. only唯一的，仅有的。根据上文“during the state’s stay-at-home order”可知，这个时期内只能待在家里健身，这对于人们而言是一个困难的阶段。故选A。
28. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他在接受CNN采访时表示：“现在我看到整个家庭，一起度过这个避难所，一起度过这个艰难时期，一起做这些锻炼，团结在一起，像一个家庭一样变得更健康、更快乐。”A. higher较高的，更高的；B. busier比较忙碌的；C. healthier更健康的；D. larger更大的。根据“ and happier together as a family”可知，此处表示像一个家庭一样变得更健康、更快乐。故选C。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：约有80名会员接受了他的邀请，签下了设备，但Drew保留了一些，这样他就可以每天进行在线培训。A. furniture家具；B. luggage行李；C. information信息，知识；D. equipment设备。根据上文“more than $ 40,000 worth of workout equipment”可知，此处表示顾客带走了健身房里的设备。故选D。
30. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位小生意老板承诺保留所有8名员工，向他们支付工资，并在隔离结束后为会员提供一个月的免费期。A. argued争论；B. required需要，需求；C. instructed指示，教育；D. promised承诺。根据“retain and pay all eight of his employees”可知，Whitted对健身房里的工作人员做出了承诺。故选D。
31. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位小生意老板承诺保留所有8名员工，向他们支付工资，并在隔离结束后为会员提供一个月的免费期。A. still仍然；B. over倒下，翻转，借宿，完毕，大于；C. ever永远，曾经；D. on在上面，向前地。根据“and has offered members a free month”可知，这应该发生在疫情结束之后。故选B。
32. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：健身会员Paulette Cocco被他的好意打动了：“他最近花了很多钱买新设备。”她告诉CNN。“我的意思是，他的设备真的很精良，所以这是一个很大的牺牲。”A. kindness善良；B. warmth温暖；C. madness疯狂；D. rudeness粗鲁。根据“and has offered members a free month”可知，给顾客免费一个月是一种善行。故选A。
33. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：健身会员Paulette Cocco被他的好意打动了：“他最近花了很多钱买新设备。”她告诉CNN。“我的意思是，他的设备真的很精良，所以这是一个很大的牺牲。”A. progress进步；B. money钱；C. advice劝告，建议；D. imagination想象力。根据“getting new equipment”可知，买新设备要花很多钱。故选B。
34. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：健身会员Paulette Cocco被他的好意打动了：“他最近花了很多钱买新设备。”她告诉CNN。“我的意思是，他的设备真的很精良，所以这是一个很大的牺牲。”A. big大的；B. low低的，浅的；C. long长的；D. total全部的。根据“He had recently put a lot of 　　 into getting new equipment”可知，大量的投资是一种很大的牺牲。故选A。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她补充说，无论如何，她将以个人名义赔偿他失去的一个月。A. left留下，离开；B. lost失去，丢失；C. forgotten忘记；D. chosen选择。根据上文“ during the state’s stay-at-home order”可知，由于不能像平常一样健身，对于顾客而言这是一种看似失去的时间。故选B。
36. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Paulette的其他家人最近开始在家和她一起锻炼，他们计划在健身房重新开张后加入。A. trying尝试；B. refusing拒绝；C. planning计划；D. demanding需要，强烈要求。根据“to join the gym when it reopens”可知，Paulette的其他家人计划在健身房重新开张后加入。故选C。
37. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Whitted表示，当健身房重新开放时，他并不担心这些设备会被重新带回健身房，他说会员们会很高兴能再次一起锻炼。A. witnessed目击，证明；B. experienced经历；C. represented代表，表现；D. expressed表达。根据上文“and they are 　19　 to join the gym when it reopens”可知，顾客们还是愿意重新一起锻炼的，因此Whited对于设备回到健身房并没有表示担心。故选D。
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Taiji enjoys a long history in China and it is 38. unusual form of the Chinese traditional martial arts. Long long ago, it 39. (design) as a unique and profound self-defense technique. There are various forms in Taiji, of which push-hand is well known for its technique. As a 40. (type) Chinese Kongfu, hand-push has been highly popular 41. the small and weak people. The powerful and aggressive opponent can be easily defeated by a small clever attack or an abrupt explosive power.
With their attention 42. (focus) on correct posture and breathing control, Taiji players promote the complete harmony of body and mind. Taiji provides the mental 43. (relax) and physical fitness, which is essential in our modern stress-filled life.
In this sport, softness is stronger than hardness; moving in a curve is better than a straight line. It is especially different from western types of sports, 44. the harder and quicker means the better. 45. you’re young or old, male or female, you all can choose Taiji as your idea physical exercise. When 46. (practise) it quietly and slowly, you can sense the existing of air and 47. (gradual) in the near future this sport will become your new lifestyle.
【答案】
38. an
39. was designed
40. typical
41. with/among
42. focused
43. relaxation
44. where
45. Whether
46. practising
47. gradually
【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了太极拳特征和功能。
38. 考查冠词。句意：太极拳在中国有着悠久的历史，是中国传统武术的一种特殊形式。句中form (形式)是可数名词单数，泛指，前面应使用不定冠词，又因空格后单词unusual的音标中第一个音节是元音音素/ ʌ /,所以应使用不定冠词an。故填an。
39. 考查动词时态与语态。句意：很久以前，它被设计成一种独特而深刻的自卫技术。分析句子可知，design (设计)是句中谓语动词，与主语it(太极拳)之间是被动关系，句中有时态状语Long long ago，所以谓语动词应使用一般过去时被动语态，又因主语it是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词也要使用单数形式。故填was designed。
40. 考查形容词。句意：作为一种典型的中国功夫，推手在弱小的人群中非常受欢迎。空格在冠词a与名词Chinese Kongfu之间，应使用形容词形式作定语，修饰名词Chinese Kongfu。故填typical。
41. 考查介词。句意：作为一种典型的中国功夫，推手在弱小的人群中非常受欢迎。be popular with/among为固定短语，表示“为…所喜欢；受…欢迎”。故填with/among。
42. 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过把注意力集中在正确的姿势和呼吸控制上，太极运动员促进了身心的完全和谐。分析句子可知空格处为非谓语动词，作with复合结构中的宾语补足语，动词focus与其逻辑主语attention之间有被动关系，应使用过去分词，表示“被动”。故填focused。
43. 考查名词。句意：通过把注意力集中在正确的姿势和呼吸控制上，太极运动员促进了身心的完全和谐。空格前有定冠词the和形容词mental(精神的)修饰限定，应填入名词。故填relaxation。
44. 考查定语从句。句意：它特别不同于西方的运动类型，在西方的运动中，越难越快意味着越好。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词western types of sports，关系词代替先行词western types of sports(模糊地点)在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在西方的运动中”，应使用在关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
45. 考查状语从句。句意：无论您是年轻还是年老，男性还是女性，都可以选择太极作为您理想的体育锻炼。whether...or...引导让步状语从句，表示“无论…还是…”。故填Whether。
46. 考查状语从句的省略。句意：当静静地慢慢练习时，你可以感觉到空气的存在，在不久的将来，这项运动将逐渐成为你的新生活方式。状语从句的省略：当状语从句主语与主句主语一致且状语从句中包含助动词be时，可以省略状语从句中主语和助动词be。分析句子可知，本句中When引导的时间状语从句中省略了主语和助动词be，原句应为“When you are practising it quietly and slowly,...”，所以省略后只保留practising。故填practising。
47. 考查副词。句意：当静静地慢慢练习时，你可以感觉到空气的存在，在不久的将来，这项运动将逐渐成为你的新生活方式。gradual修饰动词will become，应使用副词形式。故填gradually。
四、应用文写作
2022年冬奥会将如期在北京和张家口举行, 组委会发起了志愿者招募活动。假定你是李华, 希望能成为其中一员。请给组委会写一封申请信, 内容包括:
1. 基本情况; 2. 个人条件; 3. 个人承诺。
注意: 1. 词数80个左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
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【参考范文】
Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is Li Hua. I’d like to apply to be a volunteer for the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Winter Olympic Games to be held in 2022.
As far as I am concerned, I am quite qualified for the post. First of all, having learned English for more than 10 years, I have a good command of spoken English, which enables me to communicate with foreigners fluently. Besides, I’m also a huge fan of sports. Not only do I take an active part in the sports meeting but also I work out regularly to build up my body. It is the sportsmanship that makes me what I am today. If chosen, I will serve the athletes with all my heart.
　　I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
Yours,
Li Hua