专题05 阅读理解III 推理判断题 考点1 引申推断题 2022年英语二轮复习讲 练 测 -测案

专题05 阅读理解III  推理判断题 

考点1 引申推断题--讲•练•测---测案

时间：45分钟  满分：50

I.阅读理解（引申推断题）

A

【辽宁省铁岭市六校2021-2022学年高三3月联考】

Many people think daydreaming is bad for their emotions and has negative effects on their life and those around them. It makes adapting to life very hard and brains work less effectively.

Contrary to common ideas, the brains of people who are daydreaming might not stop working, but may be working harder, new research has shown. Scientists scanned the brains of people lying inside magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, as they pushed buttons or rested in turn. The scans showed that the “default (默认的) network” deep inside a human brain becomes more active during daydreaming.

In a surprise finding, the scans also showed strong activity in the executive network, the outlying region of the brain associated with complex problem-solving, says Professor Kalina Christoff, who is a co-author of the study. “People assume that when the mind wanders away, it just gets turned off—but we show the opposite. When it wanders, it is turned on.” says Christoff.

The findings, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, suggest, “People who let themselves daydream might not think in the same focused way as when performing a goal-oriented task, but they bring in more mental and brain resources,” says Christoff.

F. Diane Barth said at Psychology Today that the more we daydream, the more our brain is able to hold onto the task when we are being bombarded (轰炸) from all sides by all kinds of noises, information input, and conflicting demands. You're not trying to escape the task at hand; rather, you're trying to get rid of all of the information and stimuli (刺激物) that could pose as bothers.

According to Christoff, people typically spend one third of their waking time daydreaming. “It is a big part of our lives, but it has been largely ignored by science,” she says. “The study is the first to use MRIs to study brain activity during spontaneous thoughts and subjective experiences. Until now the only way is to use self-reports that are not always reliable.”

1．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Scientists. B．Scans. C．MRI machines. D．Study subjects.

2．The findings by Christoff show daydreaming ________.

A．may help us get relaxed B．may be beneficial to our health

C．may use less energy than focusing D．may help us arrive at solutions faster

3．Which of the following may Barth agree with?

A．Daydreaming provides us with many stimuli.

B．Daydreaming is actually an act of concentration.

C．Daydreaming can make us forget unhappy things.

D．Daydreaming reminds us of more useful information.

4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．MRIs are reliable to study brain activity.

B．People should spend more time daydreaming.

C．More studies about daydreaming need to be done.

D．People should make full use of daydreaming time.

B

【湖南省长沙县、望城区、浏阳市、宁乡2021-2022学年高三下学期3月调研】

A new study focuses on K2-18b, an exoplanet(系外行星) discovered in 2018, which orbits a red dwarf star close enough to receive about the same amount of radiation from its star as Earth does from our sun.

Recently, scientists have discovered gas giants that have water in their atmospheres, but this is the least giant planet ever to have water detected in its atmosphere. “The water detection was quite clear to us relatively early on,” lead author Bjorn Benneke, a professor at the Institute for Research on Exoplanets at the Universite de Montreal, told Space.com in an interview.

“Studies have suggested that planets with hydrogen-rich atmospheres could host certain forms of life.” Benneke said. However, “K2-18b’s large atmosphere is extremely thick and creates high-pressure conditions, which likely prevents life as we know it from existing on the planet’s surface.” a news release reads. While these researchers found evidence for liquid water clouds on K2-18b, because of its lack of surface, rain wouldn’t pool on the planet. Without a real surface, so to speak, landing on the planet would also be nearly impossible to land on, especially because the gas is so thick and has such an incredibly high pressure that any Earth-created spacecraft sent there would be destroyed.

Benneke suggests that, possibly, this planet formed by rock absorbing large amounts of gas, “like a vacuum cleaner,” he said. The gas absorbed would have more than doubled the planet and increased its volume Warren eightfood.

To come to these conclusions, the research team analyzed data from Hubble Space Telescope observations that they made between 2019 and 2020 of the K2-18b planet passing in front of its star eight times. This type of research, Benneke said, is leading toward a final goal of “being able to study real, true earth-like planets.” We are not quite there yet, he said, but this is really exciting.”

5．Why is it impossible to land on the K2-18b?

A．It has thin gas. B．It doesn’t have a real surface.

C．It has too much water. D．It is too far from the earth.

6．How does K2-18b expand according to Benneke?

A．By releasing gas itself. B．By receiving radiation from the sun.

C．By taking in much gas by rocks. D．By getting away from the red dwarf star.

7．What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Scientists are making progress in studying real earth-like planets.

B．It is impossible for humans to land on other earth-like planets.

C．Scientists have succeeded in exploring K2-18b completely.

D．The K2-18b planet has passed before its star eight times between 2019 and 2020.

8．What is the text mainly about?

A．The exploration of the outer space.

B．The study of solar systems’ environment.

C．The discovery of the K2-18b planet.

D．The research on the K2-18b planet.

C

【河南省百所名校2021-2022学年高三下学期2月第二次学业质量联合检测】

Are you the type to linger over a meal, or to eat quickly without giving it much thought? New research confirms that you're better off going the slow route, because fast eaters are more vulnerable（易受伤害的）to gaining weight and becoming obese.

Speedy eating makes you tend to eat more because it takes a bit of time for your body to recognize that you're starting to feel full. Your body is programmed to sense, “I need to eat, I ate enough, stop eating." If you don't allow that to happen because you're eating too quickly, you tend to end up overeating.

Fast eaters may learn the habit when they were children. The findings did show children with siblings（兄弟姐妹）were more likely to have a faster eating rate. However, studies have also found that people without siblings seem more vulnerable to obesity than people with siblings. Perhaps the "sibling effect" doesn't directly result in bigger meals, just meals eaten more quickly.

To come to the findings, the researchers conducted two studies. The first study involved over 100 children between the ages of 5 and 11, and compared the children's eating rate （as reported by their parents） to their body mass index （BMI）. The second study looked at over 800 adults and collected similar information, but the eating rate in this study was selfreported.

Interestingly, even adults who grew up with siblings seemed to continue the habit of fasteating into adulthood, suggesting that it is a behavior that lasts.

There's a lot of conversation that says society does this to adults—drive-through food, eating quickly at work because you've got to get back to your desk, all of these things. This study might make people reflect more on the 15-minute lunches that some kids get at school because it might be setting them up for a habit of eating quickly.

So at the table the key is to pay attention to the food you're eating. That will help you eat more slowly and therefore consume less.

9．What's the second paragraph mainly about?

A．The wonders of our body. B．The cause of eating more.

C．The process of eating food. D．The benefit of speedy eating.

10．What are children with siblings more likely to do according to the findings?

A．Wolf down food. B．Have bigger meals.

C．Chew food carefully. D．Take care of siblings.

11．What leads to adults eating quickly?

A．Taking care of kids. B．Drive-through food.

C．Studying reports at desks. D．Fast-paced lifestyles.

12．What does the author intend to tell us in the text?

A．Adults usually eat faster than children.

B．People are becoming fatter and fatter.

C．We should eat healthier food than before.

D．Speedy eaters may pack on more pounds.

II．语法填空

【2022届江苏省七市（南通、泰州、扬州、徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）高考二模】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The American space agency NASA has launched a new instrument designed to collect data on volcanic activity and air quality.

NASA said in a statement it hopes the small orbiting instrument could help predict a volcanic eruption ___1___ an explosion happens.

The device recently launched aboard a Northrop Grumman Cygnus spacecraft. Cygnus arrived at the International Space Station on February 21, ___2___(carry) a large load of supplies and ___3___(science) experiments.

NASA calls the instrument NACHOS, which ___4___(stand) for Nanosat Atmospheric Chemistry Hyperspectral Observation System. It contains imaging sensors designed to identify gases like sulfur dioxide(二氧化硫) and nitrogen dioxide(二氧化氮). The ___5___(present) of those gases can signal possible volcanic activity. A dormant volcano just waking may give off sulfur dioxide before there is any observable volcanic activity, which gives us a chance to identify a ___6___(potential) erupting volcano before it actually blows.

NASA considers the instrument a "prototype," meaning its operations and observations will be studied during its orbit, which ___7___(expect) to last one year. The agency says NACHOS will be “the smallest, highest resolution(清晰度) space-based instrument” ever ___8___(send) to observe atmospheric gases.

Such a device could help emergency officials take early measures to protect citizens and property ___9___ volcanic eruptions. ____10____ instrument can also be used to observe gas levels from natural and human-made sources that can be harmful to humans.

III．书面表达

1.【2022届江苏省七市（南通、泰州、扬州、徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）高考二模】你校英语广播台校园评论栏目，以 “New Era, New Student”为题征文，号召大家发现校园里的不文明现象，你打算投稿，内容包括：

1. 你的发现；

2. 你的建议。

注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

New Era, New Student

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2.读后续写

【2022届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调查（一）】阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

For weeks, the troop had been busy preparing for its Parents’ Night program. Everything was in order. The walls were filled with displays, the scouts (童子军) were all enthusiastic. The tables were covered with good things to eat.

Now it was time for Jimmie Davis to give his speech. This was the moment he had been looking forward to for several weeks. As he arose, he caught a glimpse of his mother’s bright face and his father's calm, confident expression. Jimmie held his head high as he started his speech, his words bursting with pride and enthusiasm. He made sure the speech was lively and moving, conscious that his listeners were showing high praise to him by their careful attention.

Then something happened. The world seemed to move slowly from side to side before him. He felt his mind went blank and forgot what to say next. He slowed down, faltered (结巴), and finally stopped. His face turned red, and his hands sought each other wildly. In desperation, he looked toward his scout leader, begging for his help.

Having heard that boyish but great speech practiced again and again, the boy’s scout leader supplied the missing words that allowed Jimmie to continue. But somehow it was different now. The wonderful speech had been messed up.

Jimmie paused again, and once again the scout leader helped him. For the remaining two minutes, the speech seemed more like the scout leader’s than Jimmie’s.

After what seemed like ages, the speech was finally over. In the heart of Jimmie, who sat down knowing that he had failed, there was a great weight pressing down on him. Disappointment was clearly written on the face of his mother. A twitch (抽搐) of the father's face showed how painful he felt.

The audience applauded in a perfunctory (敷衍的) way, feeling sorry for the boy who they thought had failed.

But the scout leader was on his feet. His eyes twinkled. All the audience listened carefully.

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡上的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1:

The calm, sure voice of the scout leader echoed (回响) around the hall.

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Paragraph 2:

Jimmie began to speak in a trembling but firm voice.

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