04 高考英语阅读理解（2）：同义替换词-2022年高考英语单词按题型分类速记

高考英语阅读理解：同义替换词TOC \o "1-3" \h \u   HYPERLINK \l "_Toc17886" 同义替换Unit1  PAGEREF _Toc17886 \h 1  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc22296" 同义替换Unit2  PAGEREF _Toc22296 \h 2  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc14435" 同义替换Unit3  PAGEREF _Toc14435 \h 3  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc23756" 同义替换Unit4  PAGEREF _Toc23756 \h 4  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc16681" 同义替换Unit5  PAGEREF _Toc16681 \h 5  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc24566" 同义替换Unit6  PAGEREF _Toc24566 \h 6  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc24566" 同义替换Unit7 7 在阅读理解的某些细节题中，正确选项与原文的大意相同但表达方式不同，即进行了同义转换。如2020年全国Ⅰ卷第33题，正确选项中用lack of替代了原文中的be short of (缺乏)；2019年全国Ⅰ卷第29题，正确选项中用vary from person to person替代了原文中的unique (独一无二的)。对此，我们归纳了常见的150组同义表达，供考生复习参考。事实上，同义结构放在一块记，有助于扩大词汇量；掌握这些同义表达，对阅读和写作，以及解答其他题，都是非常有益的。 同义替换Unit1 充满 be full of, be filled with, be flooded with, be crowded with 区分 distinguish/tell A from B 亲自 personally, in person 只有 only, nobody/nothing but 出版 come out, be published 尤其 particularly, in particular 锻炼 exercise, work out 谋生 make/earn a living 代表 represent, stand for, (be) on behalf of 结合 combine, mix sth up 前进 advance, move forward 舒适 comfortable, at ease 十年 decade, ten years 两周 fortnight, two weeks 二十 score, twenty 十二 dozen, twelve 成人 adult, grown-up 删除 delete, cut out 下降，减少 decline, come/go down, drop, fall, decrease, reduce 移走 remove, take away 吸收 absorb, take in 与...一致 agree/be consistent/correspond with 把...分开 break sth apart, split/divide/separate sth 用...替换 replace. . .with, use. . .as an alternative to. . . 同义替换Unit2 回答 answer, reply to 收割 harvest, gather,get in 抵制 boycott, refuse to accept, resist,reject 与...相反/对立 contradict, be opposite to 代替 replace, take the place of 背诵 recite, learn. . .by heart 害怕 fear, be afraid/scared of 退（学） quit, drop out of (school) 推迟 delay, postpone, put off 去拿来 fetch, go and bring back 相匹配 match, go with 精力充沛 energetic, full of energy 少数 a minority of, a small number of 打扰 cause trouble to, bother,disturb 描述 describe, give a description of 后来 afterwards, after that, later on 缺席 be absent from, be not present at 目前 nowadays, at present,at the present time 宣布 announce/declare sth, make sth known to the public 重要 count, matter, be important, be of importance. significant,vital,crucial 担心 worry about, be concerned/anxious about 提到 mention,refer to,talk about/of 偶然地 incidentally, accidentally, by chance/accident/coincidence, casually, occasionally 同义替换Unit3 展览 on show/display/exhibition 勇敢（去做） be brave to, have courage to 违法的 illegal, not legal, against the law 满足需要 cater to/meet/satisfy the need 放弃 abandon, go away from, leave,give up 信任，信赖 trust, believe, have confidence/faith in 在农村／城市 in the countryside/city, rural/urban areas 劝某人做 advise sb to do, try to persuade sb to do 取消 cancel, call off 劝某人不要做 discourage sb from doing, persuade sb not to do取消 除·······之外besides, as well as, in addition to, apart from 制订计划make a plan, work out a plan, draw up a plan 逃跑escape,run away 开始存在appear, come into being, come into existence 进入enter, come/go into 防...止疾病protect. . .from sickness, avoid/prevent sickness 用完某物run out of sth, lack sth, sth run out, sth be used up 方式，方法way, solution, approach, method, means 情况良好in (a) good condition, in a good state/situation 置若罔闻turn a deaf ear to, refuse to listen to 高兴起来cheer up, become happy 全世界all over/around the world, worldwide, globally, internationally 重力gravity, the pull of the earth 算出calculate, figure out 与·······不同differ from, be different from, vary from. . .to. . . 乱七八糟in a mess,in disorder 气喘吁吁breathless,out of breath 做出决定determine, decide, make a decision 对······有害do harm to, be harmful to 相似，相像resemble, be like, be similar to 低语，耳语whisper, speak in a low voice 同义替换Unit4 寻找，追求seek, look/search/hunt for 茫然，困惑at a loss, puzzled/confused 取笑，逗弄tease, make fun of, laugh at, amuse 提高，改善improve, make/become better 庆祝celebrate, hold a celebration 长胖put on/gain weight, grow fat 熟悉know. . .well, be familiar with 处理handle, settle, deal with, cope with 到处everywhere, here and there 加速accelerate, speed up, quicken 值得，应得deserve sth, be worthy of sth, be worth doing sth 保证，确保ensure, guarantee, make sure/certain 把某物分配给某人allocate sth to sb, divide sth among sb 一年一次的annual, yearly, every year 可进入／接近的be accessible,be easy to enter/reach/use 使能做某事enable sb to do, make sb able to do 宁做A不做B do A rather than (doing) B, do A instead of (doing) B 出国go abroad, go to a foreign country 控告accuse sb of sth, charge sb with sth 成功做某事manage to do sth, succeed in doing sth 突然笑/哭起来burst into laughter/tears, burst out laughing/crying 不理，忽视ignore, overlook, pay no attention to 挨饿，饿死starve, go hungry, die from hunger 充当；起······的作用act as, serve as 榜样model, example 怒视glare at, look at sth angrily 平静的calm, not excited 抽象的abstract, not specific 积极的active, not passive 残酷地cruelly, without mercy, mercilessly 复杂的complicated, not simple, complex 人造的artificial, man-made 故意地deliberately, on purpose, purposely 再一次again, once more, once again, over and over again 独自地alone, by oneself 有危险in danger, at risk 占...比例account for, make up 青少年adolescent, teenager 同义替换Unit5 看医生go to see/consult a doctor 更喜欢prefer sth, like sth better 使生气annoy sb, make sb angry 报道此事cover/report the event 很多a lot (of), a great deal (of) 影响交通hold up/block traffic 澄清，阐明clarify, make sth clear 可得到的be available, be easily got 吸引某人interest/attract/draw sb, appeal to sb, catch sb’s eye/attention 无论如何anyhow, in any way 在·······后面behind, at the back of 无论什么whatever, no matter what 使某人高兴cheer sb up, make sb happy 雇用某人employ/hire sb,take sb on 受欢迎的be popular with,be well received (by...) 得出结论conclude, draw a conclusion 弄明白figure out, find out 试验try out, test 反对be against, oppose, object to, disagree with, disapprove of 认为think/believe that, hold the view that, argue/claim that 做报告give a presentation/talk/speech 辍学，退学drop out of/leave school 优于，胜过have the advantage over, have the edge over, be better than 对某人生气get angry with sb, get cross with sb, be annoyed with sb 有机会使用／做have access to sth, have the chance of doing sth 对·····全然不知be in the dark about, know nothing about 告诉某人某事tell sb sth, inform sb of sth, keep sb informed of sth 致力于apply/bend/commit/devote oneself to, be bent/committed/devoted to 旨在做aim/be aimed at doing, be designed/intended to do, be meant to do sth 一...就... on doing; immediately, directly, instantly; the moment, the minute, the second, the instant; as soon as,no sooner. . .than, hardly/scarcely. . .when 老年人old people, the old, senior citizens, the aged, the elderly 聪明的clever,bright,wise,smart 同义替换Unit6 1. particular = special = specific = unique 特别的，独有的 2. absorb = take in 吸收 3. settle on = make choice of = decide on 选定 4. advantage = edge = upper hand 优势 5. accompany = keep sb company = go with 陪伴，伴随 6. view = belief = opinion = insight 观点 7. charge = fee = fare 费用 8. involve ... with = associate ... with = link ... to = relate ... to 与…有关联 9. release = issue = launch = convey = deliver 发行，发表 10. difficult = demanding = hard = tough 困难的 11. task = job = work = labour 任务，工作 12. instantly = rapidly = immediately 立即地 13. react = respond 反应 14. subjective views = personal/individual views (opinions) 主观观点 15. understand = see = follow = grasp = comprehend = take in = figure out 理解，想出 16. assessment = evaluation = estimate = judgment评估，估计17. appear = surface = come to light 出现 18. remain = keep = stay = maintain 保持 19. development = evolution = growth = progress 发展 20. foster = raise = bring up 培养，养育 21. overtake = catch up = sweep over 赶上，压倒 22. initial = original = premier 最初的，开始的 23. whereas = however = while = nevertheless = but = yet 然而，但是24. reduce = decrease = lessen = cut 减少，减小 25. postpone = put off = delay 延期，推迟 26. crucial = important = critical = vital = necessary = essential 至关重要的 27. attempt = effort 尝试，努力  28. encourage = promote = fuel = further 激发，促进 同义替换Unit7 1.“看”：look; see; watch; observe; notice; catch sight of; stare; glare; glance; glimpse; see a film; watch TV 2.“说”：telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth; talk with sb about sth; say sth; speak in English; whisper sth to sb; inform sb of sth; reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth; bargain; chat; repeat; explain; warn; remind; discuss; debate; figure; declare; claim; mention; admit; deny; describe; announce; introduce; complain 3.“叫”：cry; call; shout; scream; moan; sigh; quarrel 4.“问”：ask; interview; express; question 5.“答”：answer; respond; reply 6.“听”：listen to; hear; pick up; overhear 7. “笑”：smile; laugh; burst into laughter; burst out laughing 8.“哭”：cry; shed tears; weep; sob; burst into tears /burst out crying 9.“吃/喝”：eat/drink; sip; have a meal; have supper; toast; taste; treat sb to; help oneself to 10. “穿”：put on; wear; have on; be dressed in; make up; get changed; be in red; take off ; remove 11.“行”：walk ; run ; climb; jump; skip; slip; come/go; enter; move; drive; ride; fly; crawl 12.“坐”：sit down; be seated; seat oneself; take a seat，stand; lean 13.“睡/休息”：lie /on one’s back/on one's side/ on one’s stomach; stay in bed; have a rest; take a nap; be asleep; bend; turn over; rest 14.“写”：dictate; write sth; describe; drop a line; draw; take down/write down 15.“拿/放”： take; bring; hold; carry; fetch; lif; put; lay; pull; push 16.“抓”：take hold of; seize; grasp; scratch 17.“打”：hit; beat; strike; blow; attack 18.“扔”：throw; drop; fall; wave; shake 19.“送”：send; deliver; give; offer; see off 20.“摸/抱”：ouch; fold; embrace; hug; hold; in one’s arms 21.“踢/碰”：kick; knock; tip 22.“找/查”：find; look for; find out; discover/explore; hunt for; search for;seek,seek for in search of; search sb; search sp. for sth; check; examine; test; inspect 23.“得”：get; obtain; acquire; gain; possess 24.“失”：lose; be lost /be missing/gone; great loss 25.“有”：have; own; conquer; occupy；possess 26.“无”：nothing left; the remaining thing; disappear; be missing /gone 27.“增/减”：rise / go up,drop; raise; bring down /reduce; increase/decrease 28.“买/卖”：buy; purchase; afford; pay; pay off ; pay for; sell; on sale; bargain; bill / cheque / cash/credit card/notes/coins; discounts 29.“存在/消失”：come into being; exist; appear; survive ; live; show; turn up; disappear; die; die out; pass away; be out of sight 30.“变化”：develop; improve ; become; grow; go+ bad /wrong/ sour;turn + colour; change /change into; reform 31.“成功/失败”：make it; succeed; make progress; come true; realize one’s dream; win; lose; fail to do; defeat; suffer loss; beat; turn sth. into reality 32.“努力”：try /manage; make efforts; attempt ; do one's best; do as much as one can to do 33.祝贺：congratulate sb. on sth.; celebrate; observe; get together 34.敬佩：admire; respect; show respect for/to; adore; envy ;be jealousy 35.赞美/批评：praise; think highly of; blame sb for sth; sb is to blame; criticize /scold sb. for sth.; have a low opinion of sb; speak ill of 36. 喜/恶：like; love; be fond of ; be keen on; be crazy about; adore; be into; prefer; enjoy; dislike hate; ignore 37.到达：arrive at; reach; return to; get to; stay in sp.; visit; leave; leave for 38.受伤：hurt ; injure; wound; cut; kill; drown; bleed; get burnt; suffer from; suffer a loss 39.损坏：damage; destroy; ruin; break down; crash; be broken 40.修复： repair; rebuild; restore; fix; recover oneself 41.“认识的过程” ：feel; sense; guess; suppose; wonder; doubt; know /learn realize understand remember; be familiar with; recall; recite; apply to 42.认为;判断：think; believe; consider; find; feel; conclude; infer; doubt 43.想/考虑：think of…as...; think about; consider; think over 44.支持/反对：agree; disagree; accept; receive; refuse; turn down; be against; elect; vote for/ against 45.花费：sth/doing sth+cost; sb+spend+ (in) doing sth; sb+afford +n/to do sth ; It +takes/took some time/ money/energy to do sth; sb pay some money for sth. 46.省/存钱：save /save up; set aside; put away 47.参加：take part in; join /join in; attend; compete in/ for/against 48.控告：accuse sb. of; charge sb. with 49.救治/帮助： help /help out; save /rescue sb from sth.; treat; cure sb. of sth; aid sb in doing sth / to do sth; help sb with sth;assist sb in doing sth 50.逃避：run away; escape from; flee; hide 51.阻止/禁止：prevent / keep/ stop sb. from doing sth; forbid doing sth.; ban; prohibit 52.对付/处理：handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth ; solve; settle 53.效仿：copy; imitate; learn from; learn 54.爆发/发生：come about; happen to; take place; break out; burst out; go off; explode 55.安装/装备：fasten; fix; set; equip; be armed with; be equipped with 56.追求：pursuit; ran after; seek after; chase; catch up with; keep up with 57.建议：advise; suggest; recommend; propose; urge; demand; persuade 58. 打算：plan / intend / design to do; be going to do /be about to do /will do 59.似乎/好象：seem; appear; look like;as if /as though 60.开办/关闭：open; start; set up; close/close up; end; close down