考向26 阅读理解之记叙文类-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题

考向26 阅读理解之记叙文类

文体分析

记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。简而言之，记叙文就是讲故事，包括人物或故事情节。常见的记叙文根据其用途可分为文学记叙文和说明记叙文：文学记叙文以虚构为主，如趣闻逸事、传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等；说明记叙文以事实为依据，包括历史、传记、新闻报道、日记等。无论哪一种记叙文作者都要交代何人何时何地为什么、怎么样、干了何事等等，这也就是我们常说的“5Ws and 1H” 特别值得注意的是：记叙文的叙事顺序有顺叙和倒叙两种，有时候作者为了吸引读者会采用倒叙的方法，即不按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述，而是从最重要、最能引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追叙故事的开端和经过。阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。

命题特点

从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。

记叙文常见的命题类型如下：

1.主旨大意题

文章主旨给出的四种形式:文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结。虽然作者表达主题思想的方式不同，但命题常用的提问方式有以下几种：
What’s the main idea/subject/topic of the passage?
The main idea of the passage is…

       The passage is mainly about_____.
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
The best title for the passage is/ might be____.
The author’s main purpose of writing this passage is____. 
  做题要领：文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的键。但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,言过其实或以偏概全。

2.细节理解题

这类题目是针对文章的具体事实和细节而出,因此通常能在文章中直接或间接地找到答案.此类要求查找重要事实和细节的试题通常以下列形式提出：
   Which of the following statements is (not) true according to the passage?
   Which of the following is (not) discussed/Mentioned in the passage?

      According to the passage, what/where/

Which/who/why/when/how…?
      All of the following are (not) true / mentioned / discussed except_________.
      How does the author/writer feel about___?

3.词义／语义判断题

这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种：

According to the author, the underlined word”…” means____.
From the passage, we can infer that the word”…”is___.

   “…” can be best replaced by___.

What does the author probably mean by”…”?
By”…”, the author means that___
  做此类题时，应在文中找线索或信息词。根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。根据周围熟悉的词及语义判断新单词之意，有时还需依靠构词法。

4.推断题

以原文内容为前提,透过现象看本质即透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思。根据作者的观点理论客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。
推断题的常见形式：
It can be inferred / concluded from the text that____.
From the text we know that ______.
　The passage implies  that ______.
The paragraph following the passage will most probably discusses______. 
  解推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是根据语义关系推断具体细节。

5. 观点态度题

回答这类问题应从篇章的体裁入手.一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的或中立的;在议论文中,作者的态度才会显得多种多样. 可以根据阐述主题或有关主题的相关语句或词语确定作者的态度。
  常见的态度词语有:positive/support/approval(赞同的/optimisticcritical/negative/tolerant/disappointed/pessimistic(悲观的) /indifferent(冷淡的)/doubtfulNeutral(中立的）/objective(客观的）

这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种:

What’s the author’s/writer’s attitude to…?
The author thinks/suggests/believes that___.

How does the author feel about…?

Which of the following will the author agree / disagree with?
Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards…?
                                        解题技巧

记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。简而言之，记叙文就是讲故事，包括人物或故事情节。常见的记叙文根据其用途可分为文学记叙文和说明记叙文：文学记叙文以虚构为主，如趣闻逸事、传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等；说明记叙文以事实为依据，包括历史、传记、新闻报道、日记等。无论哪一种记叙文作者都要交代何人何时何地为什么、怎么样、干了何事等等，这也就是我们常说的“5Ws and 1H”。这是我们在阅读记叙文时要首先了解的，接着按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉，就能理解整个故事。
  特别值得注意的是：记叙文的叙事顺序有顺叙和倒叙两种，有时候作者为了吸引读者会采用倒叙的方法，即不按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述，而是从最重要、最能引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追叙故事的开端和经过。阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。
    另外，讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等等。我们在阅读时要通过作者的重要细节描写联系故事情节去领会作者的意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节描写要重点关注。 概括起来一句话：读记叙文的关键是抓情节。 抓住了故事情节，就理解了文章的脉络，其他的就迎刃而解了。

要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。
1.关注细节
  记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
2.注重联系
  在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
3.读懂表象
  如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred from …?”或是What does the author imply in…?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
4.挖掘意义
  每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。
【典例示例】
     Compassion is a desire within us to help others．With effort, we can translate compassion into action．An experience last weekend showed me this is true．I work part-time in a supermarket across from a building for the elderly．These old people are our main customers, and it’s not hard to lose patience over their slowness．But last Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lesson．This untidy man walked up to my register(收款机) with a box of biscuits．He said he was out of cash(现金), had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboards．He asked if we could let him have the food on trust．He promised to repay me the next day．
    I couldn’t help staring at him．I wondered what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before, and what he would be like if luck had gone his way．I had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in the world．I told him that I was sorry, but store rules didn’t allow me to do so．I felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my job．
     Just then, another man, standing behind the first, spoke up．If anything, he looked more pitiable．“Charge it to me,” was all he said．
    What I had been feeling was pity．Pity is soft and safe and easy．Compassion, on the other hand, is caring in action．I thanked the second man but told him that was not allowed either．Then I reached into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myself．I reached into my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion.
  解析：故事采用顺叙的叙事方法，主要情节发展如下：One aged gentleman begged me to have the food on trust and promised to repay the next day.---- I told him the store rules didn’t allow me to do so.---- Another man wanted me to charge the food to him.----I paid for the biscuits myself. 作者用第一人称讲述自己亲身经历的这段故事，让人觉得亲切可信，同时也增强了文章的感染力。作者说自己通过这段故事学会了compassion（同情），事实上也是在号召读者多伸出同情之手，共建和谐社会。
                                         【检测训练】

1

The city of Richmond announced that Roscoe Burnems would become the city’s first poet laureate (桂冠诗人), a poet recognized for achievements in poetry

During his two-year term as a poet laureate, Burnems is responsible for being a poetry advocate by providing access to poetry throughout the city and offering opportunities to use the power of words to heal wounds, open hearts and minds, and bring people closer together. He has the freedom to create and develop his own projects during his term and will receive a $4,000 annual bonus.

Burnems’ love of poetry began at an early age when he was struggling against depression. His English teacher recommended him to read poetry, which later brought him a peaceful mental state and helped him recover from depression. He soon decided that poetry was something he would run after for his lifetime. “People gravitate to poetry because they can find themselves in the poems,” he says. “It allows readers to feel the emotional part of our experiences.”

He says poetry is a great platform to discuss mental health. depression and the emotional stresses that come with daily life. Relieving those stresses is central to some of the work he does with young people Last year. Burnems started a youth poetry producing competition for local high school students.

Burnems says he loves and supports different types of art, and his next move is to explore poetry through cooperation across media Richmond’s paintings on the wall are a good example. He says, “Richmond is getting known for these beautiful paintings on display across the city, and I want to add a literary component to that.”

1. What is Burnems’ responsibility as a poet laureate?

A. Creating more good poems. B. Developing his own projects.

C. Spreading the power of poetry. D. Bringing poetry lovers together.

2. Why did Burnems develop a great passion for poetry?

A. Poetry made him more confident.

B. Poetry helped him through a tough time.

C. He was influenced by his English teacher.

D. He viewed writing poems as a lifelong career.

3. What does the underlined phrase “gravitate to” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Take pride in. B. Be used to. C. Break away from. D. Be attracted by.

4. What is Burnems going to do in the near future?

A. To shift his focus to paintings. B. To combine poetry with other arts.

C. To hold more poetry competitions. D. To help youth with mental problems.

2

It was the early morning of August 5, 1888, and her husband was still sleeping. She left a note for her husband on the table, saying that she and their two sons had already left to visit Pforzheim, Germany, 90 kilometers away. She purposely didn’t mention her means of transportation. It wasn’t until Carl Benz checked the workshop in his factory that he realized his family hadn’t taken the train. His new invention was gone.

Bertha had just committed the world’s first car theft. Her husband was a brilliant engineer who had designed the world’s first automobile in 1885. However, without sharp business mind, his product wasn’t going anywhere. Bertha understood what every modern business knows: marketing a product requires different skills than designing one. To provide a proof that the vehicle was reliable and could also master long-distance routes, she intended to drive with the motor from Mannheim to Pforzheim to show what it could do.

Once the three hit the road, they had to conquer novel problems. At 2.5 horsepower, they could not climb steep slopes without pushing it from behind. Going downhill, the car burnt out the brake shoes. Bertha stopped off at a cobbler and asked him to equip the brake shoes with a leather lining. In so doing, Bertha Benz became the inventor of brake lining. The fuel amount was also underestimated. Bertha made her first fuel purchase at the Stadtapotheke, where the store still proudly displays a sign of being the first gas station in the world.

Following the “first shock”, as written in his memoirs, Carl felt an inner pride in his wife’s daring “test drive”. And sales soon stepped up with the spread of Bertha’s daring trip. Today, drivers can still experience this part of Mercedes-Benz success story along the Bertha Benz Memorial Route between Mannheim and Pforzheim, just as the first woman driver did.

5. Why did Bertha secretly take the road trip?

A. To save money on long-distance train fares.

B. To teach children how to drive automobiles.

C. To prove the performance of Carl’s invention.

D. To understand the knowledge of modern business.

6. What does the underlined word “novel” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. Unexpected. B. Common. C. Additional. D. Slight.

7. What can we learn from the passage about Bertha’s trip?

A. Bertha’s trip ended at the Stadtapotheke.

B. Bertha’s trip helped to promote car business.

C. The car turned out to be a failure on the road.

D. Bertha fixed the brake shoes herself during the trip.

8. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. A Regrettable Crime B. A Surprising Discovery

C. A Creative Invention D. A Pioneering Undertaking

3

When their daughter Morey started kindergarten, the Belanger family were worried because their 6-year-old daughter was deaf. Rather than send her to a special school for deaf children, Morey's parents decided to give her a traditional school experience and send her to Dayton Consolidated School.

They worried if their daughter would be able to make friends. They also had concerns as to how her classmates would treat her and whether her teachers would be able to help her learn effectively(有效地). But then the school had a response they never expected — teaching all their students and staff sign language. That way, everyone could communicate with Morey on a personal level.

"I absolutely feel like it makes her feel welcomed," said Morey's mom. "I think all the kids feel excited that they know another language and I think they think it's fun. It makes me happy to see her supported, loved and accepted. Morey is excited to go to school every day. She's made really good friendships. "

Not only did they learn sign language，but they also put up sign language posters in the halls and equipped a special hearing system. Additionally, they provided extra training so that teachers could become more familiar with the language. “Morey, without even knowing it, has taught us so much," says headmaster Kimberly Sampietro. "She's brought a culture to our system that we didn't have before. Morey helped the whole class to learn the alphabet. The kids look up to her, they want her around, and they want to partner with her. ”

Morey's hearing loss is a result of a condition that's so rare that it's never been named. However, thanks to the hard work and goodwill of her classmates and teachers, she can communicate with them on her terms.

9. What concerned the Belangers when Morey started kindergarten?

A. That they would have to separate from her.

B. That they could hardly afford her education.

C. Whether she could lead a normal school life.

D. Whether she could receive special training.

10. Why did Dayton Consolidated School teach all their students and staff sign language?

A. To equip them with one more practical skill.

B. To develop closer student-teacher relationships.

C. Out of concern for their teaching effectiveness.

D. Out of concern for a student with special needs.

11. What does Morey's mom think of the kindergarten's response?

A. Inspiring and useful. B. Dull but worthwhile.

C. Considerate but complex. D. Shocking and controversial.

12. What do Kimberly Sampietro's words in paragraph 4 imply?

A. Morey is good at teaching others.

B. Morey isn't the only one who benefited.

C. Morey has become a symbol of the kindergarten.

D. Morey hasn't brought any changes to the kindergarten.

4

The bell for lunch rang at Glendale Primary School. However, instead of heading to the canteen like all the other children did, Jonah, a new student at the school, went to the library. Other than the noise of the air-conditioner, the library was quiet and there was barely a soul in sight. Far in a corner, he spotted Mrs Lim, the librarian, who was too busy shelving some books to pay any attention to him. The library was near to the canteen. Jonah could hear children laughing and chatting. He wished he was outside playing with some friends but he did not let this bother him.

Suddenly, Jonah heard a sound in the corner. He looked around and saw a pair of eyes looking at him from behind, the bookshelves. Jonah turned back, eyes as wide as saucers (茶碟). “Oh dear!” he whispered. He peeked (窥视) over his shoulder again and saw a smaller boy walking towards him.

The boy pulled out the chair next to Jonah and sat down. “I’m Henry. Why are you reading here when you could be playing with your friends instead?” asked he. “Uh...” Jonah looked around the library, avoiding Henry’s gaze (注视). He did not want Henry to know the real reason why he was in the library. What would Henry think of him if he knew Jonah did not have any friends? It would make Jonah feel more uncomfortable.

As Jonah turned the page, he realized Henry was still sitting there, watching him steadily.

“I know how you feel. Just say hello to someone today,” Henry encouraged Jonah. “I promise they’ll respond. Once you’ve made the first move, it just gets easier.”

Jonah appreciated the advice and thanked him before making his way out of the library. In the hallway outside the library, a boy from Jonah’s class was crouched on the floor, picking up pens and pencils that had dropped out of his pencil case. Jonah remembered what Henry had advised him to do.

“Hello, I’m Jonah. Let me help you,” he offered.

The boy looked up at him. “Thank you! My name is Ruben.”

Victory at last, Jonah thought, feeling proud of himself.

13. What can we know from the text?

A. The thought of playing outside bothered Jonah.

B. The library was not crowded at lunchtime.

C. The librarian was annoyed by the noise outside.

D. Jonah had had lunch before going to the library.

14. Why were Jonah’s eyes “as wide as saucers” in paragraph 2?

A. He turned too quickly and felt a little dizzy.

B. He was shocked by the pair of eyes peeking at him.

C. He was too thin because of lacking enough nutrition.

D. He didn’t expect the smaller boy would come to him.

15. What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Jonah’s not having any friends in the school.

B. Henry’s impoliteness in asking the question.

C. Jonah’s shyness after he found Henry’s gaze.

D. Henry’s thought of Jonah if he knew Jonah’s real situation.

16. Why was Jonah proud of himself at last?

A. He had never doubted or forgotten Henry’s advice.

B. He had completed a good deed of helping a classmate.

C. He had managed to overcome his fear and shyness.

D. He had met a classmate who was in the same situation.

5

Dad’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum, which made the comb two years older than I was. Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say, “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?”

I was more than happy to do it. At age five this mundane task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me and place the comb on top of his wallet.

About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. He didn’t come home as much as he used to – just a couple of times a week. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him.

Today, I’m no longer a kid. I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has got back on track. Things are better now. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me persisted.

Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he said, “Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb?” I looked at him a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.

I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad has aged. He has wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiles, yet his smile is still as heartwarming as before. The smile of a father who just wants a good life for his family. Dad carefully placed his comb on top of his wallet.

After so many years, he still organizes his personal items in the same meticulous way. I guess some things never change. And for that, I’m glad.

17. What caused the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me?

A. Generation gap. B. Dad’s failure in business.

C. My ignorance of Dad. D. Dad’s absence from the family.

18. Which of the following can best describe Dad?

A. Gentle but strict. B. Hardworking and caring.

C. Cautious and realistic. D. Demanding but patient.

19. Why did Dad ask his daughter to clean his comb before her birthday?

A. To give her a lesson. B. To follow his old habit.

C. To fix their relationship. D. To praise her helpfulness.

20. Which saying concludes the text best?

A. Yesterday once more. B. Let bygones be bygones.

C. Some things never change. D. Like father, like daughter.

6

The bell rang. Jada sighed, slowly moved from the lockers where she had been leaning, and headed down the hall to her chemistry class. Honors Chemistry! Jada couldn't believe that her mom was making her take the class because Jada's counselor had said that she had real talent in science.

Jada had to admit that she liked science and that last year's class was a breeze, but come on, Honors Chemistry? She wouldn't know anyone in the class, and they probably wouldn't know anyone like her.

The good thing about being late is that it shortened the period a bit. The bad thing is that it made her seem like she was making a grand entrance. To make matters worse, the only two seats left in class were at the lab table at the very front of the room.

Jada held her breath and walked in. Everyone's eyes were on her. She just knew it. They were staring at her coal black hair（freshly dyed）, her black lipstick, her black fingernail polish, and her thrift-store black leather jacket. All she saw were polo shirts and khaki pants.

This can't get any worse, Jada thought. But at least she didn't get shouted at by the teacher. He was too busy talking to a new kid. A HUGE new kid, maybe 6'4". He had to weigh at least 250 pounds. A football player, probably. She hated football players. They thought they were so great. That group of jocks that hung out by the cafeteria always made fun of her.

The new kid made his way over to her table with his head down. He had to squeeze into the seat, and his legs wouldn't fit under the lab table. He shot Jada a glance and turned red.

Mr. Martin, the teacher, began class with this announcement: "Okay, everyone. I know most of you know each other from last year's Honors Physical Science class." Jada sighed loudly. "But just take a minute and introduce yourself to the person sitting at your table. You'll be partners. You'll be working closely together all year."

Jada rolled her eyes and stared straight ahead. Then she heard a surprisingly soft voice from next to her. "Hi, I'm Robert. I'm new here."…

21. What can be learned about Jada from the first two paragraphs?

A. She thought this year's chemistry class would be a breeze.

B. She wasn't willing to take the Honors Chemistry class.

C. She was angry that her mother made her go to school.

D. She found she didn't like science as she thought.

22. The writer described Jada's appearance in paragraph 4 in order to________.

A. reveal how different she was from her classmates

B. explain why she was late for school that morning

C. give readers a general impression of science students

D. imply that she felt sorry for making a grand entrance

23. In paragraph 5, the phrase "that group of jocks" refers to________.

A. the new kid B. Jada's classmates C. Jada's teacher D. football players

24. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of the new kid?

A. He was rude. B. He liked sports. C. He was shy. D. He looked sad.

7

One of the greatest challenges in caring for such intelligent animals as chimpanzees (猩猩) is providing them with enriching experiences. Every day, the chimpanzees at Project Chimps receive morning and evening food-based enrichment devices, but caregivers are always looking for more ways to keep the chimps mentally engaged. With 79 chimpanzees, each with their distinctive personality, care staff often find that different chimps react differently to new enrichment.

Last year, we began inviting musicians to perform for chimps to see what they may respond. A violin performance received quite the response. Additional musicians were lined up to visit but the coronavirus has stopped the activities, which we hope to resume in the near future.

This past week, we brought an electric piano for the chimps to investigate. Some chimps, like twins Buttercup and Clarisse, were immediately interested and could not wait to tap out a few notes. Others, like Emma, were more interested in trying to take it apart.

29-year-old Precious has very little tolerance for the piano. She sat off to the side for a few minutes, but eventually she decided that was enough. She called an end to the enrichment session by throwing a handful of waste at the piano. Receiving her message loud and clear, we removed the piano.

We could never have guessed how 33-year-old Luke would react to it. As with many retired lab chimpanzees, Luke has some anxiety issues. He seems particularly distrustful of anything new, including people, food, and enrichment. But when we presented the chimps with the piano, Luke was the first to investigate. We could not believe our eyes—this usually anxious chimpanzee bravely chose to explore something new!

To us at Project Chimps, this is what it is all about: giving chimpanzees the freedom to choose. We are honored to be part of their journey.

25. Why do chimpanzees respond differently to new enrichment?

A. They are of different genders.

B. They have natural curiosities.

C. They are as intelligent as humans.

D. They have their unique characters.

26. Who showed the least interest in the piano?

A. Buttercup and Clarisse.  B. Emma. 

C. Precious.     D. Luke.

27. What does the underlined word “resume” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. Continue. B. Suspend. C. Monitor. D. Regulate.

28. What is the text mainly about?

A. How caregivers care for the retired chimpanzees.

B. What care staff do to enrich chimpanzees’ daily life.

C. How chimpanzees are trained through various enrichment.

D. What Project Chimps does to observe and study wild chimps.

8

British sculptor Jason Taylor has made it his mission to use his talent to conserve our ecosystems by creating underwater museums. Over the years, the environmentalist has put over 850 massive artworks underwater worldwide. On February 1, 2021, Taylor launched his latest work---The Underwater Museum of Cannes.

“The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help,” Taylor told Dezeen. “Ocean ecologies have been destroyed by human activity in the Mediterranean over the past few decades, and it is not obvious what is taking place when observing the sea from afar.”

The Underwater Museum of Cannes contains 6 sculptures featuring local residents of various ages. They range from Maurice, an 80-year-old fisherman, to Anouk, a 9-year-old student. Towering over 6-feet-tall and weighing 10 tons, the faces are sectioned into two parts, with the outer part like a mask. The mask indicates that the world’s oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities.

Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue, the seabed was filled with old boat engines, pipes, and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago. Besides removing the trash, Taylor also restored the area’s seagrass. Just one square meter of the seagrass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily. The seagrass also helps prevent coastal erosion and provides habitats for many ocean creatures.

“The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people underwater and develop a sense of care and protection,” Taylor told Dezeen. “If we threw unwanted waste near a forest, there would be a public outcry. But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed.”

29. What are the underwater museums intended to do?

A. To make huge profits. 

B. To raise awareness of protecting the ocean.

C. To show Jason Taylor’s talent. 

D. To draw attention to endangered sea animals.

30. Why does the outer part of the sculptures look like a mask?

A. To popularize the features of the locals.

B. To remind people to protect themselves.

C. To reflect people’s protection of the ocean.

D. To stress the sensitiveness of the ecosystem.

31. What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A. How the project was started. B. How the seagrass was restored.

C. What recovery effort the project made. D. Why the surroundings were improved.

32. What can we infer from what Jason Taylor said in the last paragraph?

A. The situation of the ocean is easily ignored.

B. The destruction caused to the ocean is noticeable.

C. Forests play a more important role in ecosystems.

D. People have zero tolerance to damage done to nature.