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2022年高考英语押题预测卷+答案解析+听力音频（上海卷）01
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这是一份2022年高考英语押题预测卷+答案解析+听力音频（上海卷）01，文件包含2022年高考英语押题预测卷上海卷01全解全析docx、2022年高考英语押题预测卷上海卷01考试版docx、2022年高考英语押题预测卷上海卷01参考答案docx、2022年高考英语押题预测卷上海卷01听力mp3等4份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共23页， 欢迎下载使用。
2022年高考英语押题预测卷（上海卷）（01）
英语·全解全析
听力部分
【答案】1-5 ABCDD 6-10 CBDAB 11-13 BCA 14-16 CDA 17-20 CBCB
1.【答案】A
【听力材料】
W: Michael, why is there such a long queue? I’m glad you made our reservation a few days ago.
M: There are always many people waiting. Let’s look at the flight timetable.
Question: Where does this conversation most probably take place?
2.【答案】B
【听力材料】
W: What time does the bus leave?
M: Not until 08:30. But I want to get to the bus station by 08:15 in order to get a good seat.
Question: When will the man’s bus leave?
3.【答案】C
【听力材料】
W: When I am playing the piano, I don’t worry about anything. How about you?
M: I go to the gym every day. It helps me deal with stress.
Question: What are the two speakers talking about?
4.【答案】D
【听力材料】
W: What was the best moment of the race for you?
M: Oh, when I got to the finishing line, definitely.
Question: What kind of person is probably the man?
5.【答案】D
【听力材料】
M: Have you heard about Tim? He had to be restricted to the emergency room.
W: Really? I hope it’s not too serious.
Question: What can be inferred from the conversation?
6.【答案】C
【听力材料】
W: Just look at these stars.
M: They certainly don’t look so clear and bright from the city.
Question: What can be inferred about the two speakers?
7.【答案】B
【听力材料】
W: I want to buy three lipsticks and two bottles of white creams.
M: Well, $5 for each lipstick and $20 for two bottles in all.
Question: How much should the woman pay altogether?
8.【答案】D
【听力材料】
M: How is your activity for holiday in Penong?
W: Oh, it couldn’t have been more terrific.
Question: What does the woman mean?
9.【答案】A
【听力材料】
M: This calculator isn’t working properly.
W: I think you’ve got the battery in upside down.
Q: What can be concluded from this conversation?
10.【答案】B
【听力材料】
M: I’d like to apply for the position you advertised in the paper.
W: A good knowledge of French and Spanish is a must.
Question: What does the woman imply?
11-13【答案】BCA
【听力材料】
Tom and Mike like climbing mountains. They like ice climbing, skiing, mountain biking, and other exciting sports. But these sports all need equipment, and the equipment is expensive. They also like to travel to foreign countries, and these trips are expensive. It isn’t easy to get the time and money to go on an adventure, but they find ways to get these things. They find ways to do what they want to do.
For example, Tom and Mike are very good at sports. They are excellent skiers. One day, a ski company asked Tom to test some of their new equipment. They gave him ski equipment and clothes to test. Tom didn’t have to pay for these things. This saves him money. Because Tom and Mike are twins, they can both use the clothes and equipment. This is another way they can save money. But how do they find time?
Sometimes they get tired of working together. It isn’t easy working with a brother, but they have a reason for working. They must save money for an adventure. When they save enough money, Tom and Mike will leave their jobs. They will find new jobs when they come back.
Questions:
11. What are Tom and Mike interested in?
12. What did a ski company ask Tom to do?
13. When will the twins stop working?
14-16【答案】CDA
【听力材料】
May I have your attention please? As you are aware, the nation is experiencing an energy shortage. The president has asked everyone to cooperate in making the best possible use of energy resources. In answer to the president’s request, the Davis Company will take these actions:
1.During the winter months, the temperature in all offices will be no higher than 20℃. It is recommended that all employees wear warm clothing.
2. To save electricity every employee is asked to turn off the lights when leaving his or her office.
3. All offices and hallways will be cleaned during working hours rather than at night. Please cooperate with the cleaning staff in this matter.
We are asking for everyone’s cooperation in making this plan a success. If you have further suggestions for using energy wisely, please contact your supervisor. Thank you.
Questions:
14.Whose request is the company answering?
15.Which action will not be taken by the Davis Company to save energy?
16.According to the passage, in what case are the employees encouraged to contact their supervisors?
17-20【答案】CBCB
【听力材料】
M: Next week, there will be an annual folk festival. A lot of programs will be showed then. Will you come?
W: I am not sure. Er, what programs are there this year?
M: There will be a free art exhibition on Monday. Are you interested in it?
W: An art exhibition?
M: That’s right. It will be held in the Art School, and I’ve heard that most of the works on show are painted by the students in our town. And they are all very creative. I’m sure you will like them very much.
W: Really? I will go and see. Well, what else is on the program?
M: There are several traditional programs every year, such as ballet performances. But it is a little different from last year. This year there will be two performances at the theatre, the first on Tuesday at 6 p.m. and the second on Thursday at the same time. This program is so popular that the audiences need to book the tickets in advance.
W: Oh, I saw it last year. There were so many people at the theatre that I could hardly see the dancer. Are there any other particular new programs?
M: Let me have a look. Er, yes, there will be a mask party. It will be held on Friday evening. Everyone is welcome, but every participant should be dressed in fancy dress.
W: That’s funny. By the way, where will it be held?
M: It was planned to be held in the Piazza, but now it has been changed to the concert hall.
W: Great. I will go. Er, are there any living theatres?
M: Yes, the Little Prince will be held on Wednesday. It is also at the theatre; you can go to see it from 2:00-4:30 p.m. or 6:30-9:00 p.m.
W: That’s nice. How much will the ticket cost?
M: Well, the ticket costs $10 for adults, $8 for students and seniors, and $15 for a family.
W: Excellent. I will go with my family. Then what about Saturday and Sunday?
M: Oh, there will be a food festival at the Town Hall. You shouldn’t miss it. During the festival, you will have the opportunity to taste hundreds of free drink samples, and thousands of new and unique products. But the ticket for it is a little expensive. It will cost you $20.
Questions:
17.In which aspect is this year’s ballet performance different from that of last year?
18.Where will the mask party be held?
19.How much will the woman pay for a family ticket for the Little Prince?
20.Which of the following programs is the woman least interested in?
笔试部分
语法填空
【答案】21． but 22． without 23． instead of/rather than 24． mistakenly
25． to draw 26． while/when 27．that 28． more accurately 29． observational 30．slashes
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了绘画不仅是一种艺术形式，也是一种学习工具，它对各种技能和学科都产生了积极的影响。
21．【答案】but
【解析】考查连词。句意：我们经常认为绘画需要与生俱来的才能，但这种想法源于我们错误地将绘画主要归类为一种艺术形式，而不是一种学习工具。前后内容构成转折，故填but。
22．【答案】without
【解析】考查介词。句意：一个没有设计师和艺术家的世界确实是一个非常破烂不堪的世界。由句意的需要可知，应该填入表示“没有”的介词，故填without。
23．【答案】instead of/rather than
【解析】考查短语。句意：我们误解了绘画的重要性，因为我们将其视为一种专业技能，而不是个人能力。instead of/rather than：代替/而不是，符合句意的需要，故填instead of/rather than。
24．【答案】mistakenly
【解析】考查副词。句意：我们错误地将好的绘画视为对现实世界的再现，是对现实的幻想。副词作状语，故填mistakenly。
25．【答案】to draw
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：在许多方面，人类生来就能画画。be built to do：与生俱来就能，天生就能，故填to draw。
26．【答案】while/when
【解析】考查连词。句意：在一项研究中，参与者被要求在涂鸦或静坐时听名单上的名字。while/when+doing：当做某事时，为省略句的结构，故填while/when。
27．【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：还有证据表明，绘画才能是基于一个人感知世界的准确程度。that引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence，故填that。
28．【答案】more accurately
【解析】考查副词的比较级。句意：人类视觉系统往往会误判大小、形状、颜色和角度，但艺术家比非艺术家更准确地感知这些品质。此处需要使用比较级，修饰动词perceive作状语，故填more accurately。
29．【答案】observational
【解析】考查形容词。句意：培养绘画人才可以成为一种重要的工具以提高在视觉很重要的领域的人们的观察能力。形容词作定语修饰skills，故填observational。
30．【答案】slashes
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：心不在焉的涂鸦和从生活中复制已被证明对你的记忆力和视觉感知有积极影响，所以下次你的学校董事会削减艺术部门的预算时，请大声抱怨表示不同意。school board作主语并且使用一般现在时，故填slashes。
选词填空
【答案】31-35 JBGDF 36-40 CAKEH
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍星巴克咖啡的一个原料来源地，受天气变化的影响从而影响销量。
31．考查非谓语。句意：星巴克老板正坐在阳台上，俯瞰着该公司位于Alajuela的 Costa Rican省的绿叶茂盛的农场。有人告诉我，在那里的咖啡是必须尝试的，因为是在现场收获和烘焙。由前文“a balcony”可知，在阳台上应该是远眺，且空处是非谓语动词做状语，表示伴随，与逻辑主语The Starbucks boss二者之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，所以J项overlooking(俯瞰)符合语境。故选J项。
32．考查被动语态。句意：但Schultz说，我的Costa Rican Arabica咖啡的未来并不确定。根据but可知这里表示一个 转折，再根据is可知填一个形容词或被动，这里应表示“未来并不能得到保证”，所以填guarantee的被动guaranteed，表示“得到保证”，符合语境。故选B项。
33．考查形容词。句意：他从星巴克日复一日的日常运行中看到了它长期的挑战和机遇。根据句型分析可知，此空应填形容词来修饰后面名词challenges and opportunities(挑战和机遇)。而G项long-term表“长期的”，符合语境。故选G项。
34．考查谓语动词。句意：天气变化在其中排名靠前。由句意可知此处缺少一个谓语动词，结合前 句的各种机会和挑战，和后面的among可知，这里表示在其中的地位，用动词rank(排名)，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词应用三单形式，所以ranks符合。故选D项。
35．考查名词。句意：由于政府采取措施缓慢，星巴克开始自救行动，探入咖啡生 产供应链的最底端，去确保一条可信赖的途径来获得产品供应。根据句型分析可知，此空应填名词，而F项access表“途径”，符合语意，access to...意为“通往......的入口”。故选F项。
36．考查名词。句意：天气变化会在影响咖啡的品质和纯正方面起很大作用。根据and和后面的名词integrity可知，and在这里并列两个描述咖啡质量的名词，integrity表“完整 ”，这里可以理解为咖啡的纯正，而咖啡的品质应选用quality(品质)。故选C项。
37．考查形容词。句意：这个农场有着翠绿的景色和涓涓细流的瀑布，似乎远离了海平面上升、无法忍受的高温和破坏性风暴，这些都是气候变化的特征。根据句意可知，seem为系动词，后面应加形容词，这里表示一种假象，即似乎不受天气变化的影响，也就是远离影响，用形容词removed表“远离的”，符合语境，far表示了其程度。故选A项。
38．考查谓语动词。句意：这个农场有着翠绿的景色和涓涓细流的瀑布，似乎远离了海平面上升、无法忍受的高温和破坏性风暴，这些都是气候变化的特征。根据句子成分可知，“that_________climate change.”是定语从句，空处在从句中做谓语，关系词that代指前面的the rising sea levels, unbearable heat and destructive storm，是复数，且句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，所以空处应用动词用原形，根据句意可知，此处指“气候变化的特征”所以characterize符合，在这里可翻译为“是......的特征，以......为典型”。故选K项。
39．考查名词。句意：这个农场是星巴克的田野实验室，用来研究天气的变化对咖啡带来的威胁，同时也是个测试设施，用来研究咖啡怎样适应这种挑战的。根据句意，此空应填名词，而E项 threats表“威胁”符合语境。故选 E项。
40．考查形容词。句意：根据气候变化期刊最近的一项研 究，至2050世界上大约一半的用来生产高质量咖啡的土地将会变得生产力低。根据句型可知这里应该加形容词作表语，结合句意以及全文探讨气候变化对咖啡生产的影 响，应选unproductive表“低产的” ，符合句意。故选H项。
完形填空
【答案】41-45 BCDDA 46-50 CCBCA 51-55 BACAD
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了开放式办公室的弊端，它会导致员工之间缺乏隐私的保护，面对面的交流减少以及思想封闭。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：开放式办公室的预期目标是确保员工与同事有更多的接触，由此产生的合作将带来更高的生产力。A. room空间；B. contact联系；C. commitment承诺；D. assessment评估。根据后文“with their colleagues(与同事)”可知开放式办公室的预期目标是确保员工与同事有更多的接触。故选B。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. conflict冲突；B. confusion困惑；C. cooperation合作；D. congestion堵塞。根据后文“lead to greater productivity.(提高生产力)”可知是合作将带来更高的生产力。故选C。
43．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：两位作者调查了两家没有透露姓名的跨国公司的同事之间的互动，这两家公司已改用开放式办公室。A. stuck to坚持；B. identified with认为……等同于，与一致；C. interacted with与……相互作用；D. switched to切换到；转到；转变成。根据后文“They did so by recruiting workers to wear different devices to detect, record, and monitor their interactions, body movement, and their location. (他们通过招募工作人员佩戴不同的设备来检测、记录和监控他们的互动、身体运动和他们的位置)”可知这两家公司已改用开放式办公室。故选D。
44．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：与此相反，当人们切换到开放式办公室时，他们互相发送的电子邮件数量增加了56%。A. As a result结果；B. In a sense在某种意义上；C. In addition另外；D. In contrast与此相反。根据上文“At the first company, the authors found that face-to-face interactions were more than three times higher in the old, cubicle (小隔间)-based office than in an open-plan space where employees have clear lines of sight to each other(在第一家公司，作者发现，在老式的小隔间办公室里，面对面交流的次数是在开放式办公空间里的三倍多，而开放式办公空间里，员工之间有清晰的视线)”以及后句“the number of e-mails people sent to each other … by 56% when they switched to open-plan.（当人们切换到开放式办公室时，他们互相发送的电子邮件数量增加了56%)”可知在老式的小隔间办公室里，面对面交流的次数是在开放式办公空间里的三倍多，而在开放式办公室时，他们互相发送的电子邮件数量增加了56%，即面对面交流的次数变少了。可知上下句之间是相反关系。故选D。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. increased增加；B. altered改变；C. weakened变弱；D. decreased减少。根据上文“At the first company, the authors found that face-to-face interactions were more than three times higher in the old, cubicle (小隔间)-based office than in an open-plan space where employees have clear lines of sight to each other（在第一家公司，作者发现，在老式的小隔间办公室里，面对面交流的次数是在开放式办公空间里的三倍多，而开放式办公空间里，员工之间有清晰的视线）”以及“the number of e-mails people sent to each other（与此相反，他们互相发送的电子邮件数量）”可知他们面对面交流的次数少了，与此相反，他们互相发送的电子邮件数量增加了56%。故选A。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：而电子邮件流量增长了22%到50%。A. road路；B. air空气；C. e-mail电子邮件；D. passenger乘客。根据上文“whereas(但是)”可知设空处和上句“In the second company, face-to-face interactions decreased by a third after the switch to open-plan（在第二家公司，在改用开放式办公后，面对面的交流减少了三分之一）”含义相反。即面对面的交流少了，而电子邮件流量增长了。故选C。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：两位作者建议，员工应该重视自己的隐私，并在开放式办公室中寻找保护隐私的新方法。A. cooperation合作；B. partnership合伙；C. privacy隐私；D. enthusiasm热情。根据后文“They shut themselves off by wearing large headphones to keep out the… caused by nearby colleagues.（他们戴着大耳机来隔绝周围同事的干扰）”可知两位作者建议，员工应该重视自己的隐私。故选C。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两位作者建议，员工应该重视自己的隐私，并在开放式办公室中寻找保护隐私的新方法。A. fuel(给……)提供燃料，加油；刺激，加剧；B. preserve保护；C. exchange交换；D. overcome克服。根据上文“The authors suggest that employees value their…（作者建议员工应该重视自己的隐私）”空后的“it”指代隐私，可知员工在开放式办公室中寻找保护隐私的新方法。故选B。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们戴着大耳机来隔绝周围同事的干扰。A. attention注意力；B. discomfort不适；C. distractions分心；D. attraction吸引。根据后文“caused by nearby colleagues(周围同事的)”可知他们戴着大耳机的目的是隔绝周围同事的干扰。故选C。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，那些提倡开放式办公室的人似乎忘记了能够集中精力工作的重要性。A. advocate提倡；B. equip装备；C. combine结合；D. ignore忽视。根据后文“seem to have forgotten the importance of being able to concentrate on your work.(似乎忘记了集中精力工作的重要性)”可知是那些提倡开放式办公室的人没有考虑集中精力工作的重要性。故选A。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：员工还可以找到其他的方式与同事交流。而不是在一大群人面前聊天。A. Researchers研究人员；B. Employees员工；C. Authors作者；D. Audiences观众。根据后文“employees simply send an e-mail(员工只需发送一封电子邮件)” 可知，此处指员工还可以找到其他的方式与同事交流。故选B。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：员工只需发送一封电子邮件；结果(以被调查的两家公司中的一家的数据衡量)是交流减少了。A. communication交流；B. crowdedness拥挤度；C. concentration集中；D. productivity生产率。根据上文“also find other ways of communicating with their fellow workers. Rather than have a chat in front of a large audience(员工还可以找到其他的方式与同事交流。而不是在一大群人面前聊天)”可知员工之间发送电子邮件，造成交流减少了。故选A。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但至少工人们有更多的机会让他们的工作区域更具个人色彩。A. decorative装饰性的；B. finishing最后的修整；C. personal个人的；D. enhancing提高。根据后文“Allowing plenty of room for pictures of children, office plants, novelty coffee mugs(有足够的空间放孩子的照片，办公室植物，新奇的咖啡杯)”可知但至少工人们有更多的机会让他们的工作区域更具个人色彩。故选C。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，开放式办公室向低层办公室职员发出了一个明确的信息，即他们被视为机器上的一次性齿轮。A. message信息；B. layout布局；C. design设计；D. picture图画。根据后文“that they are seen as disposable cogs in a machine.(即他们被视为机器上的一次性齿轮)”可知开放式办公室向低层办公室职员发出了一个明确的信息，即他们被视为机器上的一次性齿轮。故选A。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：再加上缺乏隐私，办公室成了一个令人沮丧的工作场所。A. productive多产的；B. mismatched配错的；C. undeniable不可否认的；D. depressing令人沮丧的。根据后文“Combine this with the lack of privacy(再加上缺乏隐私)”可知缺乏隐私，办公室成了一个令人沮丧的工作场所。故选D。
阅读理解
A篇 56．B 57．A 58．C 59．D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是Harold de Vladar提议用博弈论的一种方法来解决在探索外星生物中该如何向外星生物发送信息的困境。
56．推理判断题。根据第二段的“So far the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) has mostly been restricted to listening for signs of technology elsewhere. Only a few attempts have been made to broadcast messages towards distant starts. Many scientists are against such “active” SETI for fear of revealing our presence.(到目前为止，对外星生物的探索大多局限于寻找其他地方的科技迹象。向遥远的起点发送信息的尝试很少。许多科学家反对这种“积极的”对外星生物的探索，因为他们害怕暴露我们的存在。)”可知，积极的对外星生物的探索是向外星发送信息，因此消极的对外星生物的探索是接收其他地方的信息。故选B。
57．推理判断题。根据第三段的“If they both betray each other, each gets a medium sentence. By contrast, if both stay silent, both get minimum sentences---the best overall result.(如果他们都背叛了对方，每个人得到一个中等的判决。相比之下，如果双方都保持沉默，双方都得到最小的判决——这是最好的整体结果。)”和第四段的“Mutual betrayal for prisoners is equivalent to mutual silence for aliens.(囚犯之间的相互背叛等同于与外星人相互沉默)”可知，根据De Vladar的说法，两个文明都在传递信息在SETI中相当于囚犯之间的相互沉默。故选A。
58．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“One interesting idea was that as you increase the rewards placed on finding aliens, you can decrease the frequency of broadcasts, while keeping the expected benefit to Earthlings the same.(一个有趣的想法是，当你增加寻找外星人的奖励时，你可以减少传播信息的频率，同时保持对地球人的预期好处不变。)”可知，对SETI中地球人最有利的方法是减少向外太空传播信息的频率，也就是向太空发送尽可能少的信息。故选C。
59．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Sending messages into deep space could be the best way for Earthlings to find extraterrestrial intelligence, but it carries a risk: alerting unfriendly aliens to our presence. Game theory may provide a way to deal with this situation.(向外太空发送信息可能是地球人寻找外星生物的最佳方式，但它也有风险：提醒不友好的外星人我们的存在。博弈论可以提供一种方法来处理这种情况。)”可知，本文主要讲的是该如何和外星人发送信息，可以用博弈论的一种方法来解决，也就是可以将文章总结为“与外星人联系的决定是一个博弈理论难题”，即Decision to contact aliens is a game-theory dilemma，故选D。
B篇 60．A 61．B 62．C
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章中作者讲述了自己在工作中严守员工规定，但却忽视了人类的本性，没有对需要帮助的人伸出援手，这让作者后悔不已。
60．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two years, I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer relations”.(在一家7-11商店工作了两年后，我认为自己在我们经理所说的“客户关系”方面取得了成功)”可知，起初在7-11商店工作时，作者认为自己在所谓的“客户关系”方面取得了成功。由此可知，在老妇人来之前，在7-11工作时，作者对自己的服务态度很满意。故选A项。
61．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“She coughed dryly, wheezing (气喘吁吁) with each breath. On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin sweater too small to button, and black slippers with the backs cut out to expose calloused (满是老茧的) heels.(她干咳着，每次呼吸都气喘吁吁。在一个华氏40度的夜晚，她只穿了一件褪色的连衣裙，一件太小而扣不上纽扣的薄毛衣，以及一双黑色的拖鞋，拖鞋的后部被剪开，露出长满老茧的脚后跟)”可知，通过干咳的动作可以得知老人身体不好，通过老人不得体的穿着可以得知她很贫穷，希望得到别人的帮助。由此推知，对这位老妇人的详细描述是为了展示她病得有多重、多穷、多渴望帮助。故选B项。
62．词句猜测题。根据画线短语后文“I’m sorry, but I can’t give away anything for free.(对不起，我不能免费赠送任何东西)”可知，面对老人买不起食物的情况，作者最终决定不免费赠送给老人任何东西，由此可知，员工的规定是保持礼貌，但不要让客户胜过你，虽然老人买不起食物，但也不能随意赠送，要坚持员工的规定。由此可知，划线部分get the best of与To win an advantage over(胜过，优于)意思接近。故选C项。
C篇 63．D 64．D 65．A 66．A
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了儿童保育的职业化推高了它的价格。
63．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mindful that a poor start can spoil a person’s chances of success later in life, the state has intervened ever more closely in how babies and toddlers are looked after. Inspectors call not only at nurseries but also at homes where youngsters are minded; three-year-olds follow the national curriculum. Child care has increasingly become a profession.(考虑到糟糕的开端可能会破坏一个人以后成功的机会，国家对婴儿和幼儿的照顾方式进行了越来越密切的干预。检查人员会去那些照看小孩的托儿所和家中去检查；三岁的孩子遵循国家课程安排。幼儿看护越来越成为一种职业。)”可知，国家的监督使儿童保育变得职业化了，选项D是正确的。故选D项。
64．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Nurseries staffed by university graduates tend to be rated highest by inspectors, increasing their appeal to the pickiest parents. As a result, more graduates are being recruited.(由大学毕业生组成的托儿所往往被检查人员评为最高等级，这增加了它们对最挑剔的父母的吸引力。因此，更多的毕业生正在被录用。)”可知，越来越多的人认识到这一点，鼓励了更多的毕业生从事儿童保育员的工作。故选D项。
65．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The price of child care is not only eye-watering, but has also become a barrier to work. Soon after it took power the coalition government pledged to ensure that people are better off in work than on benefits, but a recent survey by Save the Children, a charity, found that the high cost of day care prevented a quarter of low-paid workers from returning to their jobs once they had started a family. (托儿费用不仅高得吓人，而且已经成为工作的障碍。上台后不久，联合政府就承诺要确保人们有工作比依靠福利过得更好，但慈善机构Save the Children最近的一项调查发现，高昂的日托费用使得四分之一的低收入工人在成家后无法重返工作岗位。)”可知，高昂的儿童保育费用阻止了部分母亲的就业。故选A项。
66．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Child care has increasingly become a profession. (儿童保育越来越成为一种职业。)”和第四段中“But professionalization has also pushed up the price of child care, defying even the economic depression. (但职业化也推高了儿童保育的费用，甚至在经济萧条时期也不起作用。)”可知，本文主要谈论了儿童保育的职业化推高了它的价格。选项A符合主题。故选A项。
六选四 67．E 68．A 69．B 70．D
【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了《美国国家科学院院刊》的一篇研究成果：一个国际团队通过对同类中最大的害虫控制数据集，包括来自全世界31个国家超过6700个地点的132项研究的实地研究数据库，进行分析研究，发现农田周围的自然栖息地确实有助于农民控制害虫，但也有许多研究显示，它们对农作物产量有负面影响。
67．设空处在段首，由下文“When you have more natural habitat around farm fields you get more enemies of the crop pests, and these enemies will control the pests and provide a benefit to growers (当你在农田周围有更多的自然栖息地，你就会有更多的农作物害虫的敌人，这些敌人会控制害虫，为种植者提供利益)”可知，此处具体解释了一种假设；E项“A widespread assumption existed among ecologists. (生态学家之间存在着一种普遍的假设)”符合，引起下文，下文对这一假设进行了解释。故选E项。
68．设空处在段首，上文提及生态学家之间存在的假设；A项“To test that assumption, Karp organized an international team of ecologists, economists and practitioners. (为了验证这一假设，卡普组织了一个由生态学家、经济学家和实践者组成的国际团队。)”，承接上文，且下文“Together, they compiled the largest pest-control dataset of its kind, including132 studies from more than 6,700 sites in 31 countries worldwide (他们汇集了同类中最大的害虫控制数据集，包括来自全世界31个国家6700多个地点的132项研究)”的they指代A项中的“an international team of ecologists, economists and practitioners”。所以A项承上启下，衔接连贯。故选A项。
69．上文“Surprisingly, the results were highly variable across the globe. While many of the studies showed surrounding natural habitat does indeed help farmers control pests, just as many showed negative effects on crop yields. (令人惊讶的是，结果在全球范围内差异很大。虽然许多研究表明，周围的自然栖息地确实有助于农民控制害虫，但也有许多研究显示，它们对农作物产量有负面影响。)”，此段表述了不同的研究结果，设空处在段尾，B项“The strength of the findings is rooted in part in the size of the pest-control database. (研究结果的说服力部分源于虫害控制数据库的规模)”符合，B项中的findings与上文results相呼应，B项中提供了数据源，来证明研究发现的可靠性。句意连贯，故选B项。
70．设空处在段首，下文“Karp and his team of 153 co-authors have made it publicly available, opening the door for further scientific insights.(普和他的153位共同作者团队已经将其公开，为进一步的科学研究打开了大门)”，根据第二段“Their analysis, led by researchers at UC Davis, appears in the latest edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). (他们的分析由加州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员领导，发表在最新一期的《美国国家科学院院刊》上。)”可知，研究团队公开了分析；D项“The analysis indicates that there are no one-size-fits-all recommendations for growers about natural habitat and pests.(分析表明，关于自然栖息地和害虫，并没有放之四海而皆准的建议。)”符合，下文的it指代的是设空处的analysis。语意连贯，故选D项。
概要写作
71.【答案】Opinions vary from person to person on whether photography should be considered a fine art. Some are against it because they think it is just an objective record and the photographer’s creativity isn’t reflected. However, Others are in favor of it. They think photograph is a deliberately created image. All in all, photography is a medium used to make art.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了摄影是否应该被认为是一门艺术，人们的观点不一。一些人反对它，因为他们认为这只是一个客观的记录。然而，有些人是持赞成态度，照片不仅仅是对世界平庸无奇的记录，也是一种刻意创造的具有自身艺术特色的图像。
【详解】
要点摘录
①Photography is thought by some to be a form of fine art; however, others claim that photography is not.
②Those who believe that photography is not a form of art present several arguments. They claim a photograph is an objective record of a particular place at a particular time. They also argue that sophisticated and expensive equipment often plays a greater role in the success of a photograph than the photographer’s creativity.
③However, there are also many reasons why photography is appreciated on the same level as other recognized forms of visual art.
④Although we cannot say that photography itself is necessarily art, we can certainly see that it is a medium that can be used to make art.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第1、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Opinions vary from person to person on whether photography should be considered a fine art.
Some are against it because they think it is just an objective record.
However, some are for it, they think photograph is a deliberately created image.
All in all, photography is a medium used to make art.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Opinions vary from person to person on whether photography should be considered a fine art（运用了whether引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]Some are against it because they think it is just an objective record. （运用了because引导的原因状语从句）
汉译英
72． 【答案】Although I’m not a professional tour guide, I organized and conducted a tour of my city for classmates living outside the area, for which I received excellent feedback.
【详解】
考查时态、让步状语从句、现在分词和“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。Although引导让步状语从句（时态用一般现在时），形容词professional (专业的)作定语，修饰名词短语tour guide (导游)，主句谓语动词organize (组织)和conduct (带领)用一般过去时，现在分词短语living outside the area表主动，做后置定语修饰名词classmates，后跟非限制性定语从句（时态用一般过去时），先行词是“我组织并带领住在外地的同学参观我所在的城市”指代的这件事，先行词在介词for后作宾语，用关系代词which，receive (得到)，形容词excellent (很好的)作定语，修饰名词feedback (反馈)，故翻译为：Although I’m not a professional tour guide, I organized and conducted a tour of my city for classmates living outside the area, for which I received excellent feedback.
73．【答案】Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices, or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days, it’s out there.
【详解】考查让步状语从句和定语从句。句子描述的目前的情况，应用一般现在时，根据句意及题目要求可知，此处使用whether....or....引导让步状语从句；“网店”译为an online shop，“我们可以以最低价格租借名牌服装”译为we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices，可以使用where引导的定语从句，修饰an online shop，“平台”译为a platform，“我们可以出租公寓几天”译为we can rent out our flats for a couple of days，可以使用from which引导的定语从句，修饰a platform，“它都在那里”译为it’s out there。故译为Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices, or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days, it’s out there.
74．【答案】Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.
【详解】考查时态、部分倒装和虚拟语气。“只有当黑暗重新降临到我身上时”处理为when引导的条件状语从句，此时when相当于if，此处使用了错综时间条件句，主语“黑暗”表达为darkness，谓语“降临到某人身上”表达为descend upon sb.，陈述与过去事实相反的情况用过去完成时；“我才会意识到我还有多少东西还没来得及看”为主句部分，其中包含一个how much引导的宾语从句；“意识到”表达为realize，陈述与现在事实相反的情况主句用“should+动词原形”；“留下……未看”表达为leave...unseen，作宾语从句的谓语动词，陈述过去之前发生的事情，用过去完成时；当“only+状语从句”位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，本句将情态动词should置于主语I之前。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.
75．【答案】In the past several decades, Shenzhen has become the window and test field of Chinese reform and opening up, where the great technology innovations took place, which provides great business opportunities for the companies at home and abroad.
【详解】
考查定语从句。“在过去的几十年”译为介词短语in the past several decades，在句中作状语，句子时态应用现在完成时，“成为”使用动词become，“改革开放的窗口和试验田”译为the window and test field of Chinese reform and opening up，故“深圳成为了中国的改革开放的窗口和试验田”译为Shenzhen has become the window and test field of Chinese reform and opening up；“在这里发生了翻天覆地的科技创新”可译为一个非限制性定语从句，讲述过去发生的事，使用一般过去时，先行词是Shenzhen，关系词正在从句中作地点状语，用where引导，“发生”使用动词短语take place，故译为where the great technology innovations took place；“为海内外企业提供了巨大商机”译为一个非限制性定语从句，描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，先行词是前面的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导，“为……提供……”使用动词短语provide...for...，“国内外”译为固定短语at home and abroad，which作主语，表示单数意义，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。结合其他汉语提示，故本句可译为In the past several decades, Shenzhen has become the window and test field of Chinese reform and opening up, where the great technology innovations took place, which provides great business opportunities for the companies at home and abroad.。
写作
76.【参考范文】
The human beings are stepping into the information society. The information industry develops increasingly, so do the hackers, trick-playing teens, exploring children, fraudsters, and serious white-collar criminals. Thus, information security becomes an impending important issue.
In case of information breach, the victims — a government department, an organization or an institution, or a company, will inevitably suffer great or small loss. Government may be threatened with national security. Companies may lose opportunities to develop new projects. And the public and users? Confidence will be damaged.
Then how to deal with this issue? Technology is only a partial solution to information security. What’s more important is that organizations and companies should promote the awareness on information security to its staff. However, since no system can ever be 100 percent secure, a prevention-only approach to information security management is not enough. Companies and organizations should adopt a dual approach to information security management by combining prevention and detection techniques. (156 words)
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于提纲式作文，要求考生按照提示完成作文，重点在于举例说明危害和保证安全的办法。
相关词汇储备：information society，hacker，criminal，threaten，solution，security management，approach to。
【点睛】
[高分句型1] What’s more important is that organizations and companies should promote the awareness on information security to its staff. (运用了what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句)
[高分句型2] However, since no system can ever be 100 percent secure, a prevention-only approach to information security management is not enough. (运用了since引导的原因状语从句)
附：写作指导
一、写作的过程
1.构思。即：当考生拿到考题，看懂题目，在脑中整合与考题内容相关的内容。这时的素材往往是个别的，孤立的，很凌乱琐碎；
2.组织。即把脑中的素材做出整理，使其条理、系统化。取舍素材的标准如下：第一自己是否可以准备的英文进行表达，第二整理的素材字数是否符合考试的要求。
3.表达。即把组织过的材料仔细推敲，确无问题了再落笔成文。在撰写时要注意主谓语一致，时态呼应，用词贴切等。
二、写作的必备积累
1.基础语法。
写作是一个输出的过程，要求考生一定具备最基础的语法才会造出正确的句子，所以在真正写作之前，考生需要检验自己的最基本语法知识是否具备。具体如下：时态，语态，三大从句，主谓一致。倘若可以掌握更复杂的语法点自然是更好，如：虚拟语气，强调，倒装，非谓语动词等。但在此之前需要考生掌握造句的最基本语法。
2.高级词汇以及高级固定句型的积累。
写作的高分标准不是语言的.正确表达，而是优美表达，换言之，文章不是写对就是高分，需要写好。这就要求考生一定有语言的积累，体现在写作的造句方面就是单词和句型的升级。
三、写作的提高方法
1.阅读优秀范文。
阅读是写作的基础，写好英语先要读好英语。积累一个词，应该要同时掌握这个词的用法。记单词不能光记它的表面意思，而应深入了解它的适用语境、常用搭配、习惯用法等，这样才算真正掌握了一个词。
2.加强遣词造句训练。
词句对作文相当于造房的材料，无好材料就造不出好房子。平时在学习阅读时要注意收集积累，把好的词语、短语、句型做好笔记。平时在练习中的错误也要做好记录，再对照正确句子，使地道的英语句子如同条件反射，落笔就对。
3.了解英语写作格式。
如何写出提纲式作文，如何提出论据，如何展开，如何确定中心句，考生要具备这些必备知识。
4.恰当运用过渡词。
恰当运用过渡词可以使文章结构紧凑，过渡自然，避免脱节现象。
2022年高考英语押题预测卷（上海卷）（01）
英语·全解全析
听力部分
【答案】1-5 ABCDD 6-10 CBDAB 11-13 BCA 14-16 CDA 17-20 CBCB
1.【答案】A
【听力材料】
W: Michael, why is there such a long queue? I’m glad you made our reservation a few days ago.
M: There are always many people waiting. Let’s look at the flight timetable.
Question: Where does this conversation most probably take place?
2.【答案】B
【听力材料】
W: What time does the bus leave?
M: Not until 08:30. But I want to get to the bus station by 08:15 in order to get a good seat.
Question: When will the man’s bus leave?
3.【答案】C
【听力材料】
W: When I am playing the piano, I don’t worry about anything. How about you?
M: I go to the gym every day. It helps me deal with stress.
Question: What are the two speakers talking about?
4.【答案】D
【听力材料】
W: What was the best moment of the race for you?
M: Oh, when I got to the finishing line, definitely.
Question: What kind of person is probably the man?
5.【答案】D
【听力材料】
M: Have you heard about Tim? He had to be restricted to the emergency room.
W: Really? I hope it’s not too serious.
Question: What can be inferred from the conversation?
6.【答案】C
【听力材料】
W: Just look at these stars.
M: They certainly don’t look so clear and bright from the city.
Question: What can be inferred about the two speakers?
7.【答案】B
【听力材料】
W: I want to buy three lipsticks and two bottles of white creams.
M: Well, $5 for each lipstick and $20 for two bottles in all.
Question: How much should the woman pay altogether?
8.【答案】D
【听力材料】
M: How is your activity for holiday in Penong?
W: Oh, it couldn’t have been more terrific.
Question: What does the woman mean?
9.【答案】A
【听力材料】
M: This calculator isn’t working properly.
W: I think you’ve got the battery in upside down.
Q: What can be concluded from this conversation?
10.【答案】B
【听力材料】
M: I’d like to apply for the position you advertised in the paper.
W: A good knowledge of French and Spanish is a must.
Question: What does the woman imply?
11-13【答案】BCA
【听力材料】
Tom and Mike like climbing mountains. They like ice climbing, skiing, mountain biking, and other exciting sports. But these sports all need equipment, and the equipment is expensive. They also like to travel to foreign countries, and these trips are expensive. It isn’t easy to get the time and money to go on an adventure, but they find ways to get these things. They find ways to do what they want to do.
For example, Tom and Mike are very good at sports. They are excellent skiers. One day, a ski company asked Tom to test some of their new equipment. They gave him ski equipment and clothes to test. Tom didn’t have to pay for these things. This saves him money. Because Tom and Mike are twins, they can both use the clothes and equipment. This is another way they can save money. But how do they find time?
Sometimes they get tired of working together. It isn’t easy working with a brother, but they have a reason for working. They must save money for an adventure. When they save enough money, Tom and Mike will leave their jobs. They will find new jobs when they come back.
Questions:
11. What are Tom and Mike interested in?
12. What did a ski company ask Tom to do?
13. When will the twins stop working?
14-16【答案】CDA
【听力材料】
May I have your attention please? As you are aware, the nation is experiencing an energy shortage. The president has asked everyone to cooperate in making the best possible use of energy resources. In answer to the president’s request, the Davis Company will take these actions:
1.During the winter months, the temperature in all offices will be no higher than 20℃. It is recommended that all employees wear warm clothing.
2. To save electricity every employee is asked to turn off the lights when leaving his or her office.
3. All offices and hallways will be cleaned during working hours rather than at night. Please cooperate with the cleaning staff in this matter.
We are asking for everyone’s cooperation in making this plan a success. If you have further suggestions for using energy wisely, please contact your supervisor. Thank you.
Questions:
14.Whose request is the company answering?
15.Which action will not be taken by the Davis Company to save energy?
16.According to the passage, in what case are the employees encouraged to contact their supervisors?
17-20【答案】CBCB
【听力材料】
M: Next week, there will be an annual folk festival. A lot of programs will be showed then. Will you come?
W: I am not sure. Er, what programs are there this year?
M: There will be a free art exhibition on Monday. Are you interested in it?
W: An art exhibition?
M: That’s right. It will be held in the Art School, and I’ve heard that most of the works on show are painted by the students in our town. And they are all very creative. I’m sure you will like them very much.
W: Really? I will go and see. Well, what else is on the program?
M: There are several traditional programs every year, such as ballet performances. But it is a little different from last year. This year there will be two performances at the theatre, the first on Tuesday at 6 p.m. and the second on Thursday at the same time. This program is so popular that the audiences need to book the tickets in advance.
W: Oh, I saw it last year. There were so many people at the theatre that I could hardly see the dancer. Are there any other particular new programs?
M: Let me have a look. Er, yes, there will be a mask party. It will be held on Friday evening. Everyone is welcome, but every participant should be dressed in fancy dress.
W: That’s funny. By the way, where will it be held?
M: It was planned to be held in the Piazza, but now it has been changed to the concert hall.
W: Great. I will go. Er, are there any living theatres?
M: Yes, the Little Prince will be held on Wednesday. It is also at the theatre; you can go to see it from 2:00-4:30 p.m. or 6:30-9:00 p.m.
W: That’s nice. How much will the ticket cost?
M: Well, the ticket costs $10 for adults, $8 for students and seniors, and $15 for a family.
W: Excellent. I will go with my family. Then what about Saturday and Sunday?
M: Oh, there will be a food festival at the Town Hall. You shouldn’t miss it. During the festival, you will have the opportunity to taste hundreds of free drink samples, and thousands of new and unique products. But the ticket for it is a little expensive. It will cost you $20.
Questions:
17.In which aspect is this year’s ballet performance different from that of last year?
18.Where will the mask party be held?
19.How much will the woman pay for a family ticket for the Little Prince?
20.Which of the following programs is the woman least interested in?
笔试部分
语法填空
【答案】21． but 22． without 23． instead of/rather than 24． mistakenly
25． to draw 26． while/when 27．that 28． more accurately 29． observational 30．slashes
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了绘画不仅是一种艺术形式，也是一种学习工具，它对各种技能和学科都产生了积极的影响。
21．【答案】but
【解析】考查连词。句意：我们经常认为绘画需要与生俱来的才能，但这种想法源于我们错误地将绘画主要归类为一种艺术形式，而不是一种学习工具。前后内容构成转折，故填but。
22．【答案】without
【解析】考查介词。句意：一个没有设计师和艺术家的世界确实是一个非常破烂不堪的世界。由句意的需要可知，应该填入表示“没有”的介词，故填without。
23．【答案】instead of/rather than
【解析】考查短语。句意：我们误解了绘画的重要性，因为我们将其视为一种专业技能，而不是个人能力。instead of/rather than：代替/而不是，符合句意的需要，故填instead of/rather than。
24．【答案】mistakenly
【解析】考查副词。句意：我们错误地将好的绘画视为对现实世界的再现，是对现实的幻想。副词作状语，故填mistakenly。
25．【答案】to draw
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：在许多方面，人类生来就能画画。be built to do：与生俱来就能，天生就能，故填to draw。
26．【答案】while/when
【解析】考查连词。句意：在一项研究中，参与者被要求在涂鸦或静坐时听名单上的名字。while/when+doing：当做某事时，为省略句的结构，故填while/when。
27．【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：还有证据表明，绘画才能是基于一个人感知世界的准确程度。that引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence，故填that。
28．【答案】more accurately
【解析】考查副词的比较级。句意：人类视觉系统往往会误判大小、形状、颜色和角度，但艺术家比非艺术家更准确地感知这些品质。此处需要使用比较级，修饰动词perceive作状语，故填more accurately。
29．【答案】observational
【解析】考查形容词。句意：培养绘画人才可以成为一种重要的工具以提高在视觉很重要的领域的人们的观察能力。形容词作定语修饰skills，故填observational。
30．【答案】slashes
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：心不在焉的涂鸦和从生活中复制已被证明对你的记忆力和视觉感知有积极影响，所以下次你的学校董事会削减艺术部门的预算时，请大声抱怨表示不同意。school board作主语并且使用一般现在时，故填slashes。
选词填空
【答案】31-35 JBGDF 36-40 CAKEH
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍星巴克咖啡的一个原料来源地，受天气变化的影响从而影响销量。
31．考查非谓语。句意：星巴克老板正坐在阳台上，俯瞰着该公司位于Alajuela的 Costa Rican省的绿叶茂盛的农场。有人告诉我，在那里的咖啡是必须尝试的，因为是在现场收获和烘焙。由前文“a balcony”可知，在阳台上应该是远眺，且空处是非谓语动词做状语，表示伴随，与逻辑主语The Starbucks boss二者之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，所以J项overlooking(俯瞰)符合语境。故选J项。
32．考查被动语态。句意：但Schultz说，我的Costa Rican Arabica咖啡的未来并不确定。根据but可知这里表示一个 转折，再根据is可知填一个形容词或被动，这里应表示“未来并不能得到保证”，所以填guarantee的被动guaranteed，表示“得到保证”，符合语境。故选B项。
33．考查形容词。句意：他从星巴克日复一日的日常运行中看到了它长期的挑战和机遇。根据句型分析可知，此空应填形容词来修饰后面名词challenges and opportunities(挑战和机遇)。而G项long-term表“长期的”，符合语境。故选G项。
34．考查谓语动词。句意：天气变化在其中排名靠前。由句意可知此处缺少一个谓语动词，结合前 句的各种机会和挑战，和后面的among可知，这里表示在其中的地位，用动词rank(排名)，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词应用三单形式，所以ranks符合。故选D项。
35．考查名词。句意：由于政府采取措施缓慢，星巴克开始自救行动，探入咖啡生 产供应链的最底端，去确保一条可信赖的途径来获得产品供应。根据句型分析可知，此空应填名词，而F项access表“途径”，符合语意，access to...意为“通往......的入口”。故选F项。
36．考查名词。句意：天气变化会在影响咖啡的品质和纯正方面起很大作用。根据and和后面的名词integrity可知，and在这里并列两个描述咖啡质量的名词，integrity表“完整 ”，这里可以理解为咖啡的纯正，而咖啡的品质应选用quality(品质)。故选C项。
37．考查形容词。句意：这个农场有着翠绿的景色和涓涓细流的瀑布，似乎远离了海平面上升、无法忍受的高温和破坏性风暴，这些都是气候变化的特征。根据句意可知，seem为系动词，后面应加形容词，这里表示一种假象，即似乎不受天气变化的影响，也就是远离影响，用形容词removed表“远离的”，符合语境，far表示了其程度。故选A项。
38．考查谓语动词。句意：这个农场有着翠绿的景色和涓涓细流的瀑布，似乎远离了海平面上升、无法忍受的高温和破坏性风暴，这些都是气候变化的特征。根据句子成分可知，“that_________climate change.”是定语从句，空处在从句中做谓语，关系词that代指前面的the rising sea levels, unbearable heat and destructive storm，是复数，且句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，所以空处应用动词用原形，根据句意可知，此处指“气候变化的特征”所以characterize符合，在这里可翻译为“是......的特征，以......为典型”。故选K项。
39．考查名词。句意：这个农场是星巴克的田野实验室，用来研究天气的变化对咖啡带来的威胁，同时也是个测试设施，用来研究咖啡怎样适应这种挑战的。根据句意，此空应填名词，而E项 threats表“威胁”符合语境。故选 E项。
40．考查形容词。句意：根据气候变化期刊最近的一项研 究，至2050世界上大约一半的用来生产高质量咖啡的土地将会变得生产力低。根据句型可知这里应该加形容词作表语，结合句意以及全文探讨气候变化对咖啡生产的影 响，应选unproductive表“低产的” ，符合句意。故选H项。
完形填空
【答案】41-45 BCDDA 46-50 CCBCA 51-55 BACAD
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了开放式办公室的弊端，它会导致员工之间缺乏隐私的保护，面对面的交流减少以及思想封闭。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：开放式办公室的预期目标是确保员工与同事有更多的接触，由此产生的合作将带来更高的生产力。A. room空间；B. contact联系；C. commitment承诺；D. assessment评估。根据后文“with their colleagues(与同事)”可知开放式办公室的预期目标是确保员工与同事有更多的接触。故选B。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. conflict冲突；B. confusion困惑；C. cooperation合作；D. congestion堵塞。根据后文“lead to greater productivity.(提高生产力)”可知是合作将带来更高的生产力。故选C。
43．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：两位作者调查了两家没有透露姓名的跨国公司的同事之间的互动，这两家公司已改用开放式办公室。A. stuck to坚持；B. identified with认为……等同于，与一致；C. interacted with与……相互作用；D. switched to切换到；转到；转变成。根据后文“They did so by recruiting workers to wear different devices to detect, record, and monitor their interactions, body movement, and their location. (他们通过招募工作人员佩戴不同的设备来检测、记录和监控他们的互动、身体运动和他们的位置)”可知这两家公司已改用开放式办公室。故选D。
44．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：与此相反，当人们切换到开放式办公室时，他们互相发送的电子邮件数量增加了56%。A. As a result结果；B. In a sense在某种意义上；C. In addition另外；D. In contrast与此相反。根据上文“At the first company, the authors found that face-to-face interactions were more than three times higher in the old, cubicle (小隔间)-based office than in an open-plan space where employees have clear lines of sight to each other(在第一家公司，作者发现，在老式的小隔间办公室里，面对面交流的次数是在开放式办公空间里的三倍多，而开放式办公空间里，员工之间有清晰的视线)”以及后句“the number of e-mails people sent to each other … by 56% when they switched to open-plan.（当人们切换到开放式办公室时，他们互相发送的电子邮件数量增加了56%)”可知在老式的小隔间办公室里，面对面交流的次数是在开放式办公空间里的三倍多，而在开放式办公室时，他们互相发送的电子邮件数量增加了56%，即面对面交流的次数变少了。可知上下句之间是相反关系。故选D。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. increased增加；B. altered改变；C. weakened变弱；D. decreased减少。根据上文“At the first company, the authors found that face-to-face interactions were more than three times higher in the old, cubicle (小隔间)-based office than in an open-plan space where employees have clear lines of sight to each other（在第一家公司，作者发现，在老式的小隔间办公室里，面对面交流的次数是在开放式办公空间里的三倍多，而开放式办公空间里，员工之间有清晰的视线）”以及“the number of e-mails people sent to each other（与此相反，他们互相发送的电子邮件数量）”可知他们面对面交流的次数少了，与此相反，他们互相发送的电子邮件数量增加了56%。故选A。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：而电子邮件流量增长了22%到50%。A. road路；B. air空气；C. e-mail电子邮件；D. passenger乘客。根据上文“whereas(但是)”可知设空处和上句“In the second company, face-to-face interactions decreased by a third after the switch to open-plan（在第二家公司，在改用开放式办公后，面对面的交流减少了三分之一）”含义相反。即面对面的交流少了，而电子邮件流量增长了。故选C。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：两位作者建议，员工应该重视自己的隐私，并在开放式办公室中寻找保护隐私的新方法。A. cooperation合作；B. partnership合伙；C. privacy隐私；D. enthusiasm热情。根据后文“They shut themselves off by wearing large headphones to keep out the… caused by nearby colleagues.（他们戴着大耳机来隔绝周围同事的干扰）”可知两位作者建议，员工应该重视自己的隐私。故选C。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两位作者建议，员工应该重视自己的隐私，并在开放式办公室中寻找保护隐私的新方法。A. fuel(给……)提供燃料，加油；刺激，加剧；B. preserve保护；C. exchange交换；D. overcome克服。根据上文“The authors suggest that employees value their…（作者建议员工应该重视自己的隐私）”空后的“it”指代隐私，可知员工在开放式办公室中寻找保护隐私的新方法。故选B。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们戴着大耳机来隔绝周围同事的干扰。A. attention注意力；B. discomfort不适；C. distractions分心；D. attraction吸引。根据后文“caused by nearby colleagues(周围同事的)”可知他们戴着大耳机的目的是隔绝周围同事的干扰。故选C。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，那些提倡开放式办公室的人似乎忘记了能够集中精力工作的重要性。A. advocate提倡；B. equip装备；C. combine结合；D. ignore忽视。根据后文“seem to have forgotten the importance of being able to concentrate on your work.(似乎忘记了集中精力工作的重要性)”可知是那些提倡开放式办公室的人没有考虑集中精力工作的重要性。故选A。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：员工还可以找到其他的方式与同事交流。而不是在一大群人面前聊天。A. Researchers研究人员；B. Employees员工；C. Authors作者；D. Audiences观众。根据后文“employees simply send an e-mail(员工只需发送一封电子邮件)” 可知，此处指员工还可以找到其他的方式与同事交流。故选B。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：员工只需发送一封电子邮件；结果(以被调查的两家公司中的一家的数据衡量)是交流减少了。A. communication交流；B. crowdedness拥挤度；C. concentration集中；D. productivity生产率。根据上文“also find other ways of communicating with their fellow workers. Rather than have a chat in front of a large audience(员工还可以找到其他的方式与同事交流。而不是在一大群人面前聊天)”可知员工之间发送电子邮件，造成交流减少了。故选A。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但至少工人们有更多的机会让他们的工作区域更具个人色彩。A. decorative装饰性的；B. finishing最后的修整；C. personal个人的；D. enhancing提高。根据后文“Allowing plenty of room for pictures of children, office plants, novelty coffee mugs(有足够的空间放孩子的照片，办公室植物，新奇的咖啡杯)”可知但至少工人们有更多的机会让他们的工作区域更具个人色彩。故选C。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，开放式办公室向低层办公室职员发出了一个明确的信息，即他们被视为机器上的一次性齿轮。A. message信息；B. layout布局；C. design设计；D. picture图画。根据后文“that they are seen as disposable cogs in a machine.(即他们被视为机器上的一次性齿轮)”可知开放式办公室向低层办公室职员发出了一个明确的信息，即他们被视为机器上的一次性齿轮。故选A。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：再加上缺乏隐私，办公室成了一个令人沮丧的工作场所。A. productive多产的；B. mismatched配错的；C. undeniable不可否认的；D. depressing令人沮丧的。根据后文“Combine this with the lack of privacy(再加上缺乏隐私)”可知缺乏隐私，办公室成了一个令人沮丧的工作场所。故选D。
阅读理解
A篇 56．B 57．A 58．C 59．D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是Harold de Vladar提议用博弈论的一种方法来解决在探索外星生物中该如何向外星生物发送信息的困境。
56．推理判断题。根据第二段的“So far the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) has mostly been restricted to listening for signs of technology elsewhere. Only a few attempts have been made to broadcast messages towards distant starts. Many scientists are against such “active” SETI for fear of revealing our presence.(到目前为止，对外星生物的探索大多局限于寻找其他地方的科技迹象。向遥远的起点发送信息的尝试很少。许多科学家反对这种“积极的”对外星生物的探索，因为他们害怕暴露我们的存在。)”可知，积极的对外星生物的探索是向外星发送信息，因此消极的对外星生物的探索是接收其他地方的信息。故选B。
57．推理判断题。根据第三段的“If they both betray each other, each gets a medium sentence. By contrast, if both stay silent, both get minimum sentences---the best overall result.(如果他们都背叛了对方，每个人得到一个中等的判决。相比之下，如果双方都保持沉默，双方都得到最小的判决——这是最好的整体结果。)”和第四段的“Mutual betrayal for prisoners is equivalent to mutual silence for aliens.(囚犯之间的相互背叛等同于与外星人相互沉默)”可知，根据De Vladar的说法，两个文明都在传递信息在SETI中相当于囚犯之间的相互沉默。故选A。
58．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“One interesting idea was that as you increase the rewards placed on finding aliens, you can decrease the frequency of broadcasts, while keeping the expected benefit to Earthlings the same.(一个有趣的想法是，当你增加寻找外星人的奖励时，你可以减少传播信息的频率，同时保持对地球人的预期好处不变。)”可知，对SETI中地球人最有利的方法是减少向外太空传播信息的频率，也就是向太空发送尽可能少的信息。故选C。
59．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Sending messages into deep space could be the best way for Earthlings to find extraterrestrial intelligence, but it carries a risk: alerting unfriendly aliens to our presence. Game theory may provide a way to deal with this situation.(向外太空发送信息可能是地球人寻找外星生物的最佳方式，但它也有风险：提醒不友好的外星人我们的存在。博弈论可以提供一种方法来处理这种情况。)”可知，本文主要讲的是该如何和外星人发送信息，可以用博弈论的一种方法来解决，也就是可以将文章总结为“与外星人联系的决定是一个博弈理论难题”，即Decision to contact aliens is a game-theory dilemma，故选D。
B篇 60．A 61．B 62．C
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章中作者讲述了自己在工作中严守员工规定，但却忽视了人类的本性，没有对需要帮助的人伸出援手，这让作者后悔不已。
60．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two years, I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer relations”.(在一家7-11商店工作了两年后，我认为自己在我们经理所说的“客户关系”方面取得了成功)”可知，起初在7-11商店工作时，作者认为自己在所谓的“客户关系”方面取得了成功。由此可知，在老妇人来之前，在7-11工作时，作者对自己的服务态度很满意。故选A项。
61．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“She coughed dryly, wheezing (气喘吁吁) with each breath. On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin sweater too small to button, and black slippers with the backs cut out to expose calloused (满是老茧的) heels.(她干咳着，每次呼吸都气喘吁吁。在一个华氏40度的夜晚，她只穿了一件褪色的连衣裙，一件太小而扣不上纽扣的薄毛衣，以及一双黑色的拖鞋，拖鞋的后部被剪开，露出长满老茧的脚后跟)”可知，通过干咳的动作可以得知老人身体不好，通过老人不得体的穿着可以得知她很贫穷，希望得到别人的帮助。由此推知，对这位老妇人的详细描述是为了展示她病得有多重、多穷、多渴望帮助。故选B项。
62．词句猜测题。根据画线短语后文“I’m sorry, but I can’t give away anything for free.(对不起，我不能免费赠送任何东西)”可知，面对老人买不起食物的情况，作者最终决定不免费赠送给老人任何东西，由此可知，员工的规定是保持礼貌，但不要让客户胜过你，虽然老人买不起食物，但也不能随意赠送，要坚持员工的规定。由此可知，划线部分get the best of与To win an advantage over(胜过，优于)意思接近。故选C项。
C篇 63．D 64．D 65．A 66．A
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了儿童保育的职业化推高了它的价格。
63．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mindful that a poor start can spoil a person’s chances of success later in life, the state has intervened ever more closely in how babies and toddlers are looked after. Inspectors call not only at nurseries but also at homes where youngsters are minded; three-year-olds follow the national curriculum. Child care has increasingly become a profession.(考虑到糟糕的开端可能会破坏一个人以后成功的机会，国家对婴儿和幼儿的照顾方式进行了越来越密切的干预。检查人员会去那些照看小孩的托儿所和家中去检查；三岁的孩子遵循国家课程安排。幼儿看护越来越成为一种职业。)”可知，国家的监督使儿童保育变得职业化了，选项D是正确的。故选D项。
64．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Nurseries staffed by university graduates tend to be rated highest by inspectors, increasing their appeal to the pickiest parents. As a result, more graduates are being recruited.(由大学毕业生组成的托儿所往往被检查人员评为最高等级，这增加了它们对最挑剔的父母的吸引力。因此，更多的毕业生正在被录用。)”可知，越来越多的人认识到这一点，鼓励了更多的毕业生从事儿童保育员的工作。故选D项。
65．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The price of child care is not only eye-watering, but has also become a barrier to work. Soon after it took power the coalition government pledged to ensure that people are better off in work than on benefits, but a recent survey by Save the Children, a charity, found that the high cost of day care prevented a quarter of low-paid workers from returning to their jobs once they had started a family. (托儿费用不仅高得吓人，而且已经成为工作的障碍。上台后不久，联合政府就承诺要确保人们有工作比依靠福利过得更好，但慈善机构Save the Children最近的一项调查发现，高昂的日托费用使得四分之一的低收入工人在成家后无法重返工作岗位。)”可知，高昂的儿童保育费用阻止了部分母亲的就业。故选A项。
66．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Child care has increasingly become a profession. (儿童保育越来越成为一种职业。)”和第四段中“But professionalization has also pushed up the price of child care, defying even the economic depression. (但职业化也推高了儿童保育的费用，甚至在经济萧条时期也不起作用。)”可知，本文主要谈论了儿童保育的职业化推高了它的价格。选项A符合主题。故选A项。
六选四 67．E 68．A 69．B 70．D
【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了《美国国家科学院院刊》的一篇研究成果：一个国际团队通过对同类中最大的害虫控制数据集，包括来自全世界31个国家超过6700个地点的132项研究的实地研究数据库，进行分析研究，发现农田周围的自然栖息地确实有助于农民控制害虫，但也有许多研究显示，它们对农作物产量有负面影响。
67．设空处在段首，由下文“When you have more natural habitat around farm fields you get more enemies of the crop pests, and these enemies will control the pests and provide a benefit to growers (当你在农田周围有更多的自然栖息地，你就会有更多的农作物害虫的敌人，这些敌人会控制害虫，为种植者提供利益)”可知，此处具体解释了一种假设；E项“A widespread assumption existed among ecologists. (生态学家之间存在着一种普遍的假设)”符合，引起下文，下文对这一假设进行了解释。故选E项。
68．设空处在段首，上文提及生态学家之间存在的假设；A项“To test that assumption, Karp organized an international team of ecologists, economists and practitioners. (为了验证这一假设，卡普组织了一个由生态学家、经济学家和实践者组成的国际团队。)”，承接上文，且下文“Together, they compiled the largest pest-control dataset of its kind, including132 studies from more than 6,700 sites in 31 countries worldwide (他们汇集了同类中最大的害虫控制数据集，包括来自全世界31个国家6700多个地点的132项研究)”的they指代A项中的“an international team of ecologists, economists and practitioners”。所以A项承上启下，衔接连贯。故选A项。
69．上文“Surprisingly, the results were highly variable across the globe. While many of the studies showed surrounding natural habitat does indeed help farmers control pests, just as many showed negative effects on crop yields. (令人惊讶的是，结果在全球范围内差异很大。虽然许多研究表明，周围的自然栖息地确实有助于农民控制害虫，但也有许多研究显示，它们对农作物产量有负面影响。)”，此段表述了不同的研究结果，设空处在段尾，B项“The strength of the findings is rooted in part in the size of the pest-control database. (研究结果的说服力部分源于虫害控制数据库的规模)”符合，B项中的findings与上文results相呼应，B项中提供了数据源，来证明研究发现的可靠性。句意连贯，故选B项。
70．设空处在段首，下文“Karp and his team of 153 co-authors have made it publicly available, opening the door for further scientific insights.(普和他的153位共同作者团队已经将其公开，为进一步的科学研究打开了大门)”，根据第二段“Their analysis, led by researchers at UC Davis, appears in the latest edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). (他们的分析由加州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员领导，发表在最新一期的《美国国家科学院院刊》上。)”可知，研究团队公开了分析；D项“The analysis indicates that there are no one-size-fits-all recommendations for growers about natural habitat and pests.(分析表明，关于自然栖息地和害虫，并没有放之四海而皆准的建议。)”符合，下文的it指代的是设空处的analysis。语意连贯，故选D项。
概要写作
71.【答案】Opinions vary from person to person on whether photography should be considered a fine art. Some are against it because they think it is just an objective record and the photographer’s creativity isn’t reflected. However, Others are in favor of it. They think photograph is a deliberately created image. All in all, photography is a medium used to make art.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了摄影是否应该被认为是一门艺术，人们的观点不一。一些人反对它，因为他们认为这只是一个客观的记录。然而，有些人是持赞成态度，照片不仅仅是对世界平庸无奇的记录，也是一种刻意创造的具有自身艺术特色的图像。
【详解】
要点摘录
①Photography is thought by some to be a form of fine art; however, others claim that photography is not.
②Those who believe that photography is not a form of art present several arguments. They claim a photograph is an objective record of a particular place at a particular time. They also argue that sophisticated and expensive equipment often plays a greater role in the success of a photograph than the photographer’s creativity.
③However, there are also many reasons why photography is appreciated on the same level as other recognized forms of visual art.
④Although we cannot say that photography itself is necessarily art, we can certainly see that it is a medium that can be used to make art.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第1、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Opinions vary from person to person on whether photography should be considered a fine art.
Some are against it because they think it is just an objective record.
However, some are for it, they think photograph is a deliberately created image.
All in all, photography is a medium used to make art.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Opinions vary from person to person on whether photography should be considered a fine art（运用了whether引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]Some are against it because they think it is just an objective record. （运用了because引导的原因状语从句）
汉译英
72． 【答案】Although I’m not a professional tour guide, I organized and conducted a tour of my city for classmates living outside the area, for which I received excellent feedback.
【详解】
考查时态、让步状语从句、现在分词和“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。Although引导让步状语从句（时态用一般现在时），形容词professional (专业的)作定语，修饰名词短语tour guide (导游)，主句谓语动词organize (组织)和conduct (带领)用一般过去时，现在分词短语living outside the area表主动，做后置定语修饰名词classmates，后跟非限制性定语从句（时态用一般过去时），先行词是“我组织并带领住在外地的同学参观我所在的城市”指代的这件事，先行词在介词for后作宾语，用关系代词which，receive (得到)，形容词excellent (很好的)作定语，修饰名词feedback (反馈)，故翻译为：Although I’m not a professional tour guide, I organized and conducted a tour of my city for classmates living outside the area, for which I received excellent feedback.
73．【答案】Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices, or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days, it’s out there.
【详解】考查让步状语从句和定语从句。句子描述的目前的情况，应用一般现在时，根据句意及题目要求可知，此处使用whether....or....引导让步状语从句；“网店”译为an online shop，“我们可以以最低价格租借名牌服装”译为we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices，可以使用where引导的定语从句，修饰an online shop，“平台”译为a platform，“我们可以出租公寓几天”译为we can rent out our flats for a couple of days，可以使用from which引导的定语从句，修饰a platform，“它都在那里”译为it’s out there。故译为Whether it’s an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices, or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days, it’s out there.
74．【答案】Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.
【详解】考查时态、部分倒装和虚拟语气。“只有当黑暗重新降临到我身上时”处理为when引导的条件状语从句，此时when相当于if，此处使用了错综时间条件句，主语“黑暗”表达为darkness，谓语“降临到某人身上”表达为descend upon sb.，陈述与过去事实相反的情况用过去完成时；“我才会意识到我还有多少东西还没来得及看”为主句部分，其中包含一个how much引导的宾语从句；“意识到”表达为realize，陈述与现在事实相反的情况主句用“should+动词原形”；“留下……未看”表达为leave...unseen，作宾语从句的谓语动词，陈述过去之前发生的事情，用过去完成时；当“only+状语从句”位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，本句将情态动词should置于主语I之前。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.
75．【答案】In the past several decades, Shenzhen has become the window and test field of Chinese reform and opening up, where the great technology innovations took place, which provides great business opportunities for the companies at home and abroad.
【详解】
考查定语从句。“在过去的几十年”译为介词短语in the past several decades，在句中作状语，句子时态应用现在完成时，“成为”使用动词become，“改革开放的窗口和试验田”译为the window and test field of Chinese reform and opening up，故“深圳成为了中国的改革开放的窗口和试验田”译为Shenzhen has become the window and test field of Chinese reform and opening up；“在这里发生了翻天覆地的科技创新”可译为一个非限制性定语从句，讲述过去发生的事，使用一般过去时，先行词是Shenzhen，关系词正在从句中作地点状语，用where引导，“发生”使用动词短语take place，故译为where the great technology innovations took place；“为海内外企业提供了巨大商机”译为一个非限制性定语从句，描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，先行词是前面的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导，“为……提供……”使用动词短语provide...for...，“国内外”译为固定短语at home and abroad，which作主语，表示单数意义，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。结合其他汉语提示，故本句可译为In the past several decades, Shenzhen has become the window and test field of Chinese reform and opening up, where the great technology innovations took place, which provides great business opportunities for the companies at home and abroad.。
写作
76.【参考范文】
The human beings are stepping into the information society. The information industry develops increasingly, so do the hackers, trick-playing teens, exploring children, fraudsters, and serious white-collar criminals. Thus, information security becomes an impending important issue.
In case of information breach, the victims — a government department, an organization or an institution, or a company, will inevitably suffer great or small loss. Government may be threatened with national security. Companies may lose opportunities to develop new projects. And the public and users? Confidence will be damaged.
Then how to deal with this issue? Technology is only a partial solution to information security. What’s more important is that organizations and companies should promote the awareness on information security to its staff. However, since no system can ever be 100 percent secure, a prevention-only approach to information security management is not enough. Companies and organizations should adopt a dual approach to information security management by combining prevention and detection techniques. (156 words)
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于提纲式作文，要求考生按照提示完成作文，重点在于举例说明危害和保证安全的办法。
相关词汇储备：information society，hacker，criminal，threaten，solution，security management，approach to。
【点睛】
[高分句型1] What’s more important is that organizations and companies should promote the awareness on information security to its staff. (运用了what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句)
[高分句型2] However, since no system can ever be 100 percent secure, a prevention-only approach to information security management is not enough. (运用了since引导的原因状语从句)
附：写作指导
一、写作的过程
1.构思。即：当考生拿到考题，看懂题目，在脑中整合与考题内容相关的内容。这时的素材往往是个别的，孤立的，很凌乱琐碎；
2.组织。即把脑中的素材做出整理，使其条理、系统化。取舍素材的标准如下：第一自己是否可以准备的英文进行表达，第二整理的素材字数是否符合考试的要求。
3.表达。即把组织过的材料仔细推敲，确无问题了再落笔成文。在撰写时要注意主谓语一致，时态呼应，用词贴切等。
二、写作的必备积累
1.基础语法。
写作是一个输出的过程，要求考生一定具备最基础的语法才会造出正确的句子，所以在真正写作之前，考生需要检验自己的最基本语法知识是否具备。具体如下：时态，语态，三大从句，主谓一致。倘若可以掌握更复杂的语法点自然是更好，如：虚拟语气，强调，倒装，非谓语动词等。但在此之前需要考生掌握造句的最基本语法。
2.高级词汇以及高级固定句型的积累。
写作的高分标准不是语言的.正确表达，而是优美表达，换言之，文章不是写对就是高分，需要写好。这就要求考生一定有语言的积累，体现在写作的造句方面就是单词和句型的升级。
三、写作的提高方法
1.阅读优秀范文。
阅读是写作的基础，写好英语先要读好英语。积累一个词，应该要同时掌握这个词的用法。记单词不能光记它的表面意思，而应深入了解它的适用语境、常用搭配、习惯用法等，这样才算真正掌握了一个词。
2.加强遣词造句训练。
词句对作文相当于造房的材料，无好材料就造不出好房子。平时在学习阅读时要注意收集积累，把好的词语、短语、句型做好笔记。平时在练习中的错误也要做好记录，再对照正确句子，使地道的英语句子如同条件反射，落笔就对。
3.了解英语写作格式。
如何写出提纲式作文，如何提出论据，如何展开，如何确定中心句，考生要具备这些必备知识。
4.恰当运用过渡词。
恰当运用过渡词可以使文章结构紧凑，过渡自然，避免脱节现象。
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