还剩15页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：（新高考）2022届高三二轮综合卷 英语
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
2022届高三二轮专题卷 英语（一）阅读理解（说明文、议论文）学生版
展开
这是一份2022届高三二轮专题卷 英语（一）阅读理解（说明文、议论文）学生版，共18页。
专题一
阅读理解（说明文、议论文）
XXXX
XXXXX
1
(2020·济南市高三年级学习质量评估)
Solothurn is a picturesque town in the northwest of Switzerland known primarily for its closest relation with the number eleven. It seems like everything in this place was designed around this magical number, from the fact that there are precisely eleven churches, as well as eleven historical fountains, eleven museums and eleven towers, to the unusual clock in the town square that features an eleven－hour dial and the number twelve missing.
Although nearly everyone in Solothurn knows about the town’s obsession with the number eleven, the origin of that is covered in mystery. The first mention of eleven in Solothurn’s history dates back to 1252, when eleven members were first elected for the town’s council. Another great example of Solothurn’s obsession with the number eleven is the magnificent Cathedral of St.Ursus. Designed by Italian architect Gaetano Matteo Pisoni, it was built in eleven years. It features three sets of steps, each numbering eleven rows, eleven doors, eleven bells and eleven altars (祭坛), one of which is made out of eleven different types of marble. Interestingly, the altars can be viewed at the same time from only one place in the cathedral, the eleventh black stone in the long central part.
The people of Solothurn also show an intense interest in the number eleven in their daily life. There are special celebrations held on eleventh birthdays, and there are local products and businesses that include the special number. There is “Öufi－Bier”(Beer eleven), “eleven－i Schokolade” (eleven－Chocolate), and even “öufiyoga” (eleven o’clock yoga). The mysterious relationship between Solothurn and the number has become one of the town’s primary tourist attractions, and there is even a themed tour about the number eleven.
1. What is mainly discussed about Solothurn in Paragraph 1?
A. Its unique designs.
B. Its cultural origin.
C. Its natural attractions.
D. Its connection with nature.
2. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The number eleven.
B. The city of Solothurn.
C. Solothurn’s love for eleven.
D. The history of Switzerland.
3. What is the Cathedral of St.Ursus like?
A. Its steps contain 33 rows in all.
B. Its doors are made out of marble.
C. It has eleven bells on each step.
D. It has eleven altars in the center.
4. What do we know about the people of Solothurn?
A. They attach great importance to tourism.
B. They bring number eleven to daily life.
C. They lead a busy but comfortable life.
D. They are expert at designing products.
2
Vaccination(接种疫苗) is among the most effective ways to help us prevent diseases. For viruses that don't change too much—the measles virus(麻疹病毒), for example—getting vaccinated is a once-and-for-all method to prevent you from becoming infected with the virus. If you had two measles vaccines when you were a child, you would be protected for life.
However, it's a different story when it comes to influenza(流行性感冒), commonly known as “the flu”, which generally peaks between December and February. Flu vaccines cannot protect us in the long term.
There is no long-term immunity(免疫), according to Theodore Strange, associate medical director at Staten Island University Hospital in New York. “The virus essentially ‘changes its coat’—H1N1, H2N3, and so on,” he told the website Healthline.
Apart from a person’s immune protection from flu vaccination declining over time, flu viruses are also constantly changing. So the vaccines are likely to be updated from one season to the next to protect against the viruses that research suggests may be the most common during the upcoming flu season.
Thus, to develop effective flu vaccines, over 100 national influenza centers around the world conduct year-round surveillance(监测) for influenza. Researchers will test thousands of influenza virus samples from patients, according to the official website of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC). The World Health Organization also suggests there are three or four influenza viruses that are most likely to spread among people during the upcoming flu season.
But even when a vaccine is developed, getting it can prove to be difficult, as it is in high demand and short supply. The timing of influenza vaccine production and distribution is unpredictable, thus the availability of the flu vaccine supply does not always meet peak demand.
So scientists prioritize access to the vaccination. The CDC recommends key populations, such as medical staff, teachers, students, children and those aged 60 and above, receive flu vaccines.
This year the situation seems more complicated, as the upcoming flu season coincides with the COVID-19 pandemic. This could overwhelm hospitals, straining(过度使用) resources and healthcare workers, time.
5. What do we know about influenza?
A. Influenza viruses are continuously changing.
B. It commonly peaks between November and December.
C. Getting two flu vaccines can protect people against the viruses.
D. H1N1 and H2N3 are the most easily infectious flu viruses.
6. How do researchers improve flu vaccines?
A. They update vaccines once a year.
B. They monitor the flu throughout the year.
C. They focus on one or two viruses during a period.
D. Influenza centers worldwide share virus samples from patients.
7. Why do scientists prioritize access to the vaccination?
A. Because not all people can afford it.
B. Because some people refuse to get vaccinated.
C. Because the vaccine is not safe for everyone.
D. Because the vaccine fails to meet the demand.
8. What does the author’s attitude towards the upcoming flu season?
A. Worried. B. Positive.
C. Confident. D. Skeptical.
3
(2020·深圳市高三第二次检测)
East Africa is experiencing the worst desert locust (蝗虫) outbreak in decades. Climate events have accelerated the breeding of the pest across the region, and with a sudden rise in the locust population expected in coming weeks, urgent actions and funds are needed to prevent a human crisis.
Twenty million people in six of the eight East African countries most affected by an ongoing desert locust outbreak are at risk of serious food insecurity. Considered among the most destructive of moving pests, an adult locust can consume 2g of plants per day, affecting crops and grasslands. A group typically holds 20 to 150 million locusts per square kilometer and can move hundreds of kilometers per day, invading areas covering millions of square kilometers. An active group, therefore, can destroy crops and grasslands within a very short period of time.
That global warming could increase the risk of the desert locust crisis was proposed over ten years ago, and in February, the UN Secretary－General António Guterres stated that the current outbreak is linked to the effects of climate change—warmer seas mean more cyclones (旋风) generating the perfect breeding ground for locusts. The outbreak has its origins in 2018, when a series of cyclones in the Arabian Peninsula (阿拉伯半岛) enabled the warm and wet conditions the desert locust requires for breeding in remote regions. Though our focus here is migration west, dreadful outbreaks of the desert locust have been experienced to the east.
The situation is going out of control. A rescue operation and financial support need no delay.
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has put an immediate price tag of US $138 million for rapid response and immediate action—controlling the spread of the desert locust and safeguarding livelihoods. They say the maths is clear: about half the funding is needed for supervision, ground and sky control, and uniting efforts; the other half is needed for livelihoods and food security of farmers. They have called on the international community to act now through funding. However, by the end of February, just US $69 million had been promised.
This most alarming crisis has developed and is worsening in East Africa. The funds needed to control the situation become very difficult to achieve and the gap is a big concern.
9. Why does the crisis happen in East Africa?
A. There is a big population there.
B. There are large deserts and grasslands.
C. Africa lies west of the Arabian Peninsula.
D. Climate good for breeding plays a role.
10. Why does the writer list those figures in Para.2?
A. To warn of the terrible damage caused by locusts.
B. To help us understand how locusts live.
C. To show how many locusts there are now.
D. To draw a picture of present Africa.
11. What can we know from the text?
A. The crisis is not noticed until recently.
B. More money is needed to prevent the crisis.
C. The crisis has been the focus of the world.
D. Locusts are all from the Arabian Peninsula.
12. Which is the best title for the text?
A. Killing locusts before too late
B. Global warming, a world problem
C. The funding gap for the locust crisis
D. Africa，a crisis－stricken place
4
(2020·兰州高三诊断考试)
Ants know when an earthquake is about to strike, researchers have discovered. Their behavior changes significantly prior to the quake and they resume normal functioning only a day after it. Gabriele Berberich of the University Duisburg－Essen in Germany presented these findings on Thursday at the European Geosciences Union annual meeting in Vienna according to Live Science.
Berberich and her colleagues discovered that red wood ants preferred to build their colonies right along active faults in Germany. They counted 15,000 mounds (土堆) lining the faults. These faults are the places where the earth violently bursts in earthquakes.
Using a special camera that tracked changes in activity, Berberich and her colleagues tracked the ants round the clock for three years. They found that the ants’ behavior changed only when the quake was over magnitude (震级) 2.There were 10 earthquakes between magnitude 2.0 and 3.2 during this period, and many smaller ones. Humans can also sense quakes over magnitude 2 only.
According to Berberich, normal ant activity consists of going about collecting food etc. during the day and resting in the night. But before an earthquake the ants didn’t go back to their mound in the night and moved around outside it. This strange and abnormal behavior continued till a day after the earthquake, Berberich told a news conference, according to Live Science.
How do ants know an earthquake is coming? Berberich suggested that they could either be picking up changing gas emissions or noting tiny changes in the Earth’s magnetic fields (磁场). “Red wood ants have special cells which can detect changes in carbon dioxide levels. They also have special cells for detecting electromagnetic fields,” she said. Berberich and her colleagues are planning to continue the research in areas where there are more and bigger earthquakes.
13. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “resume” in Paragraph 1?
A. Form. B. Avoid.
C. Recover. D. Improve.
14. What’s the function of the first paragraph?
A. To lead to the main topic.
B. To describe a new species of ant.
C. To introduce a famous researcher.
D. To tell how to predict an earthquake.
15. What happens to the ants before an earthquake?
A. They have no appetite.
B. They are too excited to rest.
C. They get lost on their way home.
D. They refuse to go inside their nests.
16. What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A. Ants can only detect smaller earthquakes.
B. The result of the research is completely reliable.
C. Ants may have two ways to predict earthquakes.
D. Researchers don’t know how ants predict earthquakes.
5
A few years ago, I bought a flat. It was a triumph of hope and determination over property prices, and the peak of a 20-year dream. The day I got the keys should have been the most exciting day of my life and yet, the second I opened the door, panic set in. I spent my first night as a homeowner in a hotel researching how to sell a flat and wondering if it was too late to change my mind.
I didn’t sell my flat because I remembered why I had wanted it in the first place — but there are times when we get what we want and it simply isn’t right. I’ve always found a strange disconnect between wanting something and getting it. Wanting is a place of possibility and, in a state of lack, the desire is strong. We imagine how this thing — a new job or relationship — can change our lives and at the same time forget that adding something to our life doesn’t mean all our problems disappear. We create a narrative around the desire and, when we get it, and it is different to how we pictured it, we feel frustrated.
For me, this most often occurs in relationships. I have a habit of filling in the gaps with people, rather than getting to know them. I go on a date with someone and, instead of piecing them together brick by brick, I start to imagine what my life would be like with them in it. It shouldn’t have been a shock that the reality in no way matched my fantasy — but it was. I knew I wanted out, yet part of me felt committed: this was someone I thought I had wanted for so long, I couldn’t walk away, could I?
We tend to shame others for changing their minds. I think, however, it’s far braver to move towards something that will bring happiness than to stay in a miserable situation to protect your pride. So, when someone tells you they’ve changed their minds, congratulate them on knowing themselves well enough, and being strong enough, to admit it. It takes a lot to come clean about getting it wrong, but the relief of doing so — of setting ourselves free from a personal-shaped hole, is worth it every time.
17. Why did the author spend her first night as a homeowner in a hotel?
A. The flat was under decoration.
B. She wanted to sell this terrible flat.
C. The flat was different from her desire.
D. She was too excited to sleep in the flat.
18. Which of the following is most advisable in relationships according to the author?
A. Filling in the gaps with people around you.
B. Getting to know others little by little naturally.
C. Imagining what the life would be like with others.
D. Spending plenty of time to promote the relationship.
19. What message does the author try to tell us?
A. Never change your mind.
B. Never give up your first-time dream.
C. It is worthwhile to protect one's own pride.
D. It is brave to step out of a miserable situation.
20. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. A new flat B. A personal-shaped hole
C. A proud soul D. An unexcepted accident
6
(2020·合肥市高三第二次诊断检测)
Scientists have created the world’s first living，self-healing (自愈的) robots using stem cells from frogs. Named after the African clawed frogs from which they take their stem cells, xenobots are less than a millimeter wide—small enough to travel inside human bodies. They can walk and swim, survive for weeks without food, and work together in groups. These are “entirely new life forms”, said project co－leader Michael Levin, director of the Allen Discovery Center.
The researchers removed living stem cells, which have the ability to develop into different cell types, from frog embryos (胚胎), and left them to incubate (孵化). Then, the cells were cut and reshaped into specific “body forms” designed by a supercomputer. “They’re neither a traditional robot nor a known species of animal,” said robotics expert Joshua Bongard. The cells then began to work on their own and even have the regenerative power; when the scientists cut the living robot almost in half, its cells automatically zipped its body back up.
Xenobots don’t look like traditional robots—they have no shiny clothing or robotic arms. Instead, they look more like a tiny drop of moving pink flesh. The researchers say this is deliberate—this biological machine can achieve things typical robots of steel and plastic cannot do. “Traditional robots degrade over time and can produce ecological and health side effects,” researchers said in the study. As biological machines, xenobots are more environmentally friendly and safer for human health, the study said.
Research is being done into using the robots to clean up radioactive waste or even microplastics from the ocean. Scientists are also trying to include a greater variety of cells—a new nervous system for example. However, some people argue that the addition of nerve cells would cause moral problems. The general public have also expressed concern that humans would be taken control of by robots. However, Michael Levin thinks there’s no need to worry. “Xenobots have no ability to reproduce or evolve. The supercomputer which is used to produce them does use artificial intelligence. But for now, all is fine,” said Levin.
21. What is the text mainly about?
A. The advantage of AI technology.
B. The introduction of a latest robot.
C. The medical value of African clawed frogs.
D. The application of robots in medicine.
22. Which of the following best explains “regenerative” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A. Healing by itself.
B. Replacing old cells.
C. Living much longer.
D. Defending against attacks.
23. What do we know about xenobots?
A. They can break up steel and plastic while degrading.
B. They can do everything that traditional robots can do.
C. They do less harm to the environment and human health.
D. They often change their color deliberately while moving.
24. What is Michael Levin’s attitude toward the development of xenobots?
A. Ambiguous. B. Positive.
C. Skeptical. D. Cautious.
7
The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children, concluded as a “lying down” lifestyle, recently struck a chord with many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society.
Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”. They said they hate the “involution(内卷),” joking that they would rather give up some of what they have than get trapped in an endless competition against peers.
“Instead of always following the ‘virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,” said a scholar. “It is no wonder that some young people, under the growing pressures from child-raising to paying the mortgage (按揭) today, would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.”
Interestingly, the majority of millennials and Gen Zs reached by the Global Times, who claim to be big fans of the lying down philosophy, acknowledged that they only accept a temporary lying down as a short rest. It is true that with the great improvement of living conditions, some Chinese youth have partially lost the spirit of hardship and are not willing to bear too much hard work. But in fact, lying down is not entirely comfortable. Young people who lie down always feel guilty about their constant loss of morale (士气) far beyond their reach.
“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges,” a postgraduate student told the Global Times. “It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later.”
25. What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Warned. B. Criticized.
C. Touched. D. Amused.
26. What might have caused the “lying down” lifestyle among the young?
A. Improvements in living conditions.
B. Growing pressure from family and social life.
C. Increasing material possessions from families.
D. Temporary adjustment to failure in competitions.
27. What’s the scholar’s attitude toward the “lying down” group?
A. Understanding. B. Intolerant.
C. Supportive. D. Unclear.
28. What can be inferred about the young generation from the text?
A. They never really drop their responsibilities.
B. They really enjoy the “lying down” lifestyle.
C. They find their dreams far beyond their reach.
D. They would rather escape than take challenges.
答案与解析
1
【答案】1-4 ACAB
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了Solothurn这个地方的人们对数字11(eleven)的喜爱。
1. 段落大意题。根据第一段内容，尤其是本段第二句中的“It seems like everything in this place was designed around this magical number，from the fact that...”可知，第一段主要讲述了Solothurn的城市布局、建筑等的设计都与数字11有关。由此可知，文章第一段讲述的是Solothurn独特的设计。故选A。
2. 指代判断题。根据第二段第一句“Although nearly everyone in Solothurn...is covered in mystery.”可知，“that”指代句子前半部分中的“the town’s obsession with the number eleven”。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“It features three sets of steps...different types of marble.”可知，教堂有三组台阶，每组有11级台阶。由此可知，教堂共有33级台阶。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“The people of Solothurn also show...in their daily life.”以及其后的“special celebrations”与“local products and business”等可知，Solothurn的人们已经将数字11融入了他们的日常生活。故选B。
2
【答案】5-8ABDA
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了接种疫苗是帮助我们预防疾病的最有效方法之一，有的疫苗可以一劳永逸的保护接种人，而流感疫苗则是个例外。并介绍了流感疫苗的相关知识，如其生产研发，市场行情以及优先接种流感疫苗的人群等。
5. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Apart from a person’s immune protection from flu vaccination declining over time, flu viruses are also constantly changing.(除了一个人对流感疫苗的免疫保护随着时间的推移而下降外，流感病毒也在不断变化。)”可知，流感病毒在不断变化。故选A。
6. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Thus, to develop effective flu vaccines, over 100 national influenza centers around the world conduct year-round surveillance(监测) for influenza.(因此，为了研制有效的流感疫苗，全世界100多个国家流感中心对流感进行了全年监测。)”可知，为了研制有效的流感疫苗，研究人员全年监测流感。故选B。
7. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“But even when a vaccine is developed, getting it can prove to be difficult, as it is in high demand and short supply. The timing of influenza vaccine production and distribution is unpredictable, thus the availability of the flu vaccine supply does not always meet peak demand.(但是，即使研制出疫苗，也很难获得疫苗，因为疫苗的需求量很大，而且供不应求。流感疫苗生产和分发的时间是不可预测的，因此流感疫苗供应的可获得性并不总是与高峰需求相吻合)”和倒数第二段“So scientists prioritize access to the vaccination.(所以科学家们优先考虑接种疫苗。)”可知，因为疫苗需求量很大、供不应求，并不总是能满足需求，所以科学家们优先考虑接种疫苗。故选D。
8. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This year the situation seems more complicated, as the upcoming flu season coincides with the COVID-19 pandemic. This could overwhelm hospitals, straining(过度使用) resources and healthcare workers time.(今年的情况似乎更加复杂，因为即将到来的流感季节恰逢新型冠状病毒肺炎大流行。这可能会压垮医院，占用资源和医护人员的时间。)”可知，作者认为因为今年即将到来的流感季节恰逢COVD-19大流行，所有这种情况会更复杂，使医院、医疗资源和医护人员不堪重负，因此对医务工作者来说，这可能比以往任何时候都更具挑战性，从而推断作者持担心的态度。故选A。
3
【答案】9-12 DABC
【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了东非蝗灾的抗灾资金严重短缺的情况及蝗灾的其他相关情况。
9. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Climate events have accelerated...expected in coming weeks”及第三段中的“the UN Secretary－General António Guterres stated that...the perfect breeding ground for locusts.”可知，有利于蝗虫繁殖的气候发挥了作用，故选D。
10. 推理判断题。根据第二段中列举的数据可以看出，东非蝗灾影响的国家多、人数多及蝗灾的危害大。由此可推知，作者列举那些数据的目的是告知蝗虫造成的严重破坏，故选A。
11. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的第一句“The Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO) has put...US $138 million”和最后一句并结合最后一段的内容可知，抗击蝗灾需要很多资金，然而，资金缺口却非常大，故选B。
12. 标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了东非蝗灾的抗灾资金严重短缺的情况以及导致蝗灾爆发的因素和其带来的严重后果，故C项最适合作本文标题。
4
【答案】13-16 CADC
【解析】本文是说明文。研究发现，蚂蚁能预知地震，原因可能在于蚂蚁体内有能够探测到二氧化碳变化和电磁场的细胞。
13. 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Their behavior changes significantly...only a day after it.”和倒数第二段第三句“This strange and abnormal behavior continued till a day after the earthquake”可知，“resume”含义与“恢复正常”有关。故选C项。
14. 推理判断题。本文是一篇有关研究发现的报道，文章第一段前两句表明了研究的发现，第二段至最后一段则详细叙述了研究的过程以及对相关问题的分析等。由此可推知，第一段的作用是引入文章话题。故选A。
15. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“But before an earthquake...and moved around outside it.”可知，在地震发生前，蚂蚁不肯返回自己的巢穴。故选D项。
16. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“How do ants know an earthquake is coming？”可知，本段分析的是蚂蚁能预知地震的原因，结合本段第二句的叙述以及后面引用研究者的话可知，我们可以得出这样一个结论，即蚂蚁可能有两种预知地震的方法——感知二氧化碳的变化与感知电磁场的变化。故选C项。
5
【答案】17-20 CDDA
【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为想要的事物在得到时却发现和想象的不一样，作者劝诫我们改变主意并不丢人。
17. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The day I got the keys should have been the most exciting day of my life and yet, the second I opened the door, panic set in. I spent my first night as a homeowner in a hotel researching how to sell a flat and wondering if it was too late to change my mind.(我拿到钥匙的那天本应该是我这辈子最激动人心的一天，然而，当我打开门的那一刻，恐慌就开始了。当上房主后的第一个晚上，我在一家酒店里研究如何卖公寓，想着现在改变主意是否太晚了)”可知，作者看到房子时与自己预期的不一样，想卖掉它，当晚并没有住在那里，所以作者在酒店度过了她作为房主的第一个晚上。故选C项。
18. 推理判断题。根据第三段“For me, this most often occurs in relationships. I have a habit of filling in the gaps with people, rather than getting to know them. I go on a date with someone and, instead of piecing them together brick by brick, I start to imagine what my life would be like with them in it.(对我来说，这经常发生在人际关系中。我有一个习惯，就是和别人一起填补空白，而不是去了解他们。我会和某人约会，而不是一砖一瓦地把他们拼在一起，我会开始想象有了他们我的生活会是什么样子)”及本段最后一句“I couldn’t walk away, could I?(我不能离开，不是吗？)”可知，结识某人后发现和自己期待的不一样，不应该放弃这段关系，那样是没有责任心的，应该是和他们约会相处继续了解，而不是靠想象。故选D项。
19. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“We tend to shame others for changing their minds. I think, however, it’s far braver to move to- wards something that will bring happiness than to stay in a miserable situation to protect your pride.(我们往往会因为别人改变主意而感到羞愧。然而，我认为，与其为了保护自己的自尊而呆在痛苦的处境中，还不如勇敢地去追求能带来幸福的东西)”可知，作者认为，为维护自尊待在痛苦的境况中不做出改变是懦弱的，走出窘境去追求能带来幸福的事情是更勇敢的。故选D项。
20. 主旨大意题。第一段作者用自己买房子的亲身经历说出，自己追求已久的东西得到时发现与自己的期待不符，及第二段“I didn’t sell my flat because I remembered why I had wanted it in the first place — but there are times when we get what we want and it simply isn’t right. I’ve always found a strange disconnect between wanting something and getting it.(我没有卖掉我的公寓，因为我记得我最初为什么想要它——但有时我们得到了我们想要的东西，但它就是不对的。我总是在想要和得到之间发现一种奇怪的脱节)”，并由此展开对欲望与现实的关系的讨论，所以那套公寓是一个喻体，是文章关键词。故选A项。
6
【答案】21-24 BACB
【解析】本文是说明文。科学家们利用非洲爪蟾的干细胞创造了世界上第一个活的、能自愈的机器人，该机器人更加环保，对人类健康更安全，能做一般机器人不能做的事。
21. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一句为全文的主题句，下文围绕该主题句展开，介绍了科学家利用非洲爪蟾的干细胞创造的世界上第一个活的、能自愈的机器人的相关情况。故B项正确。
22. 词义猜测题。根据第二段尾句中的“when the scientists cut the living robot almost in half, its cells automatically zipped its body back up.”可知，当科学家们把这个活的机器人几乎切成两半时，它的细胞会将身体自动复原。据此可推知，画线词的词义与A项接近。
23. 细节理解题。根据第三段尾句中的“xenobots are more environmentally friendly and safer for human health”可知，这种机器人更环保，且对人类健康来说更安全。故C项正确。
24. 观点态度题。根据尾段Levin所说的话“Xenobots have no ability to reproduce...But for now, all is fine.”可推知，Levin对这种机器人的发展持积极乐观的态度。故B项正确。
7
【答案】25-28 CBAA
【解析】这是一篇议论文。在这个快节奏、竞争激烈的社会中，许多年轻人渴望暂时停下来喘口气，因此他们选择“躺平”，他们不愿总是遵循奋斗、忍受和牺牲的美德来承受压力。但他们大多数人都不想浪费了机会和挑战，也不会真正放下自己的责任。
25. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children(低物质欲望，低消费，拒绝工作，结婚和生育的观念)…”对这种生活方式和“…many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society(在这个快节奏、竞争激烈的社会中，渴望停下来喘口气的许多年轻人)”年轻一代的生存状态的描述，可知，年轻人对这种观念是认同并受其影响的，划线词意为“触动，影响”，故选C。
26. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”(许多千禧一代和z一代向《环球时报》抱怨，工作压力、家庭纠纷和经济压力等负担把他们逼到了绝境。).”可知，来自家庭和社会生活的日益增长的压力可能是致使年轻人“躺平”的生活方式的原因，故选B。
27. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Instead of always following the ‘virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,(他们不愿总是遵循奋斗、忍受和牺牲的美德来承受压力，他们宁愿暂时躺下，作为宣泄和调整)”和“It is no wonder that some young people, … would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.(难怪一些年轻人，……会努力过一种简单的生活方式，把烦恼抛在脑后。)”可知，学者对“躺平”群体的态度是理解的，故选A。
28. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges(校园里的年轻人既有抱负，也对自己的未来感到困惑，但我们大多数人都拒绝了，把自己束之高悬，浪费了机会和挑战)”和“It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later(逃跑没有用。我迟早要站起来面对现实。)”可知，他们从未真正放下自己的责任。故选A。
专题一
阅读理解（说明文、议论文）
XXXX
XXXXX
1
(2020·济南市高三年级学习质量评估)
Solothurn is a picturesque town in the northwest of Switzerland known primarily for its closest relation with the number eleven. It seems like everything in this place was designed around this magical number, from the fact that there are precisely eleven churches, as well as eleven historical fountains, eleven museums and eleven towers, to the unusual clock in the town square that features an eleven－hour dial and the number twelve missing.
Although nearly everyone in Solothurn knows about the town’s obsession with the number eleven, the origin of that is covered in mystery. The first mention of eleven in Solothurn’s history dates back to 1252, when eleven members were first elected for the town’s council. Another great example of Solothurn’s obsession with the number eleven is the magnificent Cathedral of St.Ursus. Designed by Italian architect Gaetano Matteo Pisoni, it was built in eleven years. It features three sets of steps, each numbering eleven rows, eleven doors, eleven bells and eleven altars (祭坛), one of which is made out of eleven different types of marble. Interestingly, the altars can be viewed at the same time from only one place in the cathedral, the eleventh black stone in the long central part.
The people of Solothurn also show an intense interest in the number eleven in their daily life. There are special celebrations held on eleventh birthdays, and there are local products and businesses that include the special number. There is “Öufi－Bier”(Beer eleven), “eleven－i Schokolade” (eleven－Chocolate), and even “öufiyoga” (eleven o’clock yoga). The mysterious relationship between Solothurn and the number has become one of the town’s primary tourist attractions, and there is even a themed tour about the number eleven.
1. What is mainly discussed about Solothurn in Paragraph 1?
A. Its unique designs.
B. Its cultural origin.
C. Its natural attractions.
D. Its connection with nature.
2. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The number eleven.
B. The city of Solothurn.
C. Solothurn’s love for eleven.
D. The history of Switzerland.
3. What is the Cathedral of St.Ursus like?
A. Its steps contain 33 rows in all.
B. Its doors are made out of marble.
C. It has eleven bells on each step.
D. It has eleven altars in the center.
4. What do we know about the people of Solothurn?
A. They attach great importance to tourism.
B. They bring number eleven to daily life.
C. They lead a busy but comfortable life.
D. They are expert at designing products.
2
Vaccination(接种疫苗) is among the most effective ways to help us prevent diseases. For viruses that don't change too much—the measles virus(麻疹病毒), for example—getting vaccinated is a once-and-for-all method to prevent you from becoming infected with the virus. If you had two measles vaccines when you were a child, you would be protected for life.
However, it's a different story when it comes to influenza(流行性感冒), commonly known as “the flu”, which generally peaks between December and February. Flu vaccines cannot protect us in the long term.
There is no long-term immunity(免疫), according to Theodore Strange, associate medical director at Staten Island University Hospital in New York. “The virus essentially ‘changes its coat’—H1N1, H2N3, and so on,” he told the website Healthline.
Apart from a person’s immune protection from flu vaccination declining over time, flu viruses are also constantly changing. So the vaccines are likely to be updated from one season to the next to protect against the viruses that research suggests may be the most common during the upcoming flu season.
Thus, to develop effective flu vaccines, over 100 national influenza centers around the world conduct year-round surveillance(监测) for influenza. Researchers will test thousands of influenza virus samples from patients, according to the official website of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC). The World Health Organization also suggests there are three or four influenza viruses that are most likely to spread among people during the upcoming flu season.
But even when a vaccine is developed, getting it can prove to be difficult, as it is in high demand and short supply. The timing of influenza vaccine production and distribution is unpredictable, thus the availability of the flu vaccine supply does not always meet peak demand.
So scientists prioritize access to the vaccination. The CDC recommends key populations, such as medical staff, teachers, students, children and those aged 60 and above, receive flu vaccines.
This year the situation seems more complicated, as the upcoming flu season coincides with the COVID-19 pandemic. This could overwhelm hospitals, straining(过度使用) resources and healthcare workers, time.
5. What do we know about influenza?
A. Influenza viruses are continuously changing.
B. It commonly peaks between November and December.
C. Getting two flu vaccines can protect people against the viruses.
D. H1N1 and H2N3 are the most easily infectious flu viruses.
6. How do researchers improve flu vaccines?
A. They update vaccines once a year.
B. They monitor the flu throughout the year.
C. They focus on one or two viruses during a period.
D. Influenza centers worldwide share virus samples from patients.
7. Why do scientists prioritize access to the vaccination?
A. Because not all people can afford it.
B. Because some people refuse to get vaccinated.
C. Because the vaccine is not safe for everyone.
D. Because the vaccine fails to meet the demand.
8. What does the author’s attitude towards the upcoming flu season?
A. Worried. B. Positive.
C. Confident. D. Skeptical.
3
(2020·深圳市高三第二次检测)
East Africa is experiencing the worst desert locust (蝗虫) outbreak in decades. Climate events have accelerated the breeding of the pest across the region, and with a sudden rise in the locust population expected in coming weeks, urgent actions and funds are needed to prevent a human crisis.
Twenty million people in six of the eight East African countries most affected by an ongoing desert locust outbreak are at risk of serious food insecurity. Considered among the most destructive of moving pests, an adult locust can consume 2g of plants per day, affecting crops and grasslands. A group typically holds 20 to 150 million locusts per square kilometer and can move hundreds of kilometers per day, invading areas covering millions of square kilometers. An active group, therefore, can destroy crops and grasslands within a very short period of time.
That global warming could increase the risk of the desert locust crisis was proposed over ten years ago, and in February, the UN Secretary－General António Guterres stated that the current outbreak is linked to the effects of climate change—warmer seas mean more cyclones (旋风) generating the perfect breeding ground for locusts. The outbreak has its origins in 2018, when a series of cyclones in the Arabian Peninsula (阿拉伯半岛) enabled the warm and wet conditions the desert locust requires for breeding in remote regions. Though our focus here is migration west, dreadful outbreaks of the desert locust have been experienced to the east.
The situation is going out of control. A rescue operation and financial support need no delay.
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has put an immediate price tag of US $138 million for rapid response and immediate action—controlling the spread of the desert locust and safeguarding livelihoods. They say the maths is clear: about half the funding is needed for supervision, ground and sky control, and uniting efforts; the other half is needed for livelihoods and food security of farmers. They have called on the international community to act now through funding. However, by the end of February, just US $69 million had been promised.
This most alarming crisis has developed and is worsening in East Africa. The funds needed to control the situation become very difficult to achieve and the gap is a big concern.
9. Why does the crisis happen in East Africa?
A. There is a big population there.
B. There are large deserts and grasslands.
C. Africa lies west of the Arabian Peninsula.
D. Climate good for breeding plays a role.
10. Why does the writer list those figures in Para.2?
A. To warn of the terrible damage caused by locusts.
B. To help us understand how locusts live.
C. To show how many locusts there are now.
D. To draw a picture of present Africa.
11. What can we know from the text?
A. The crisis is not noticed until recently.
B. More money is needed to prevent the crisis.
C. The crisis has been the focus of the world.
D. Locusts are all from the Arabian Peninsula.
12. Which is the best title for the text?
A. Killing locusts before too late
B. Global warming, a world problem
C. The funding gap for the locust crisis
D. Africa，a crisis－stricken place
4
(2020·兰州高三诊断考试)
Ants know when an earthquake is about to strike, researchers have discovered. Their behavior changes significantly prior to the quake and they resume normal functioning only a day after it. Gabriele Berberich of the University Duisburg－Essen in Germany presented these findings on Thursday at the European Geosciences Union annual meeting in Vienna according to Live Science.
Berberich and her colleagues discovered that red wood ants preferred to build their colonies right along active faults in Germany. They counted 15,000 mounds (土堆) lining the faults. These faults are the places where the earth violently bursts in earthquakes.
Using a special camera that tracked changes in activity, Berberich and her colleagues tracked the ants round the clock for three years. They found that the ants’ behavior changed only when the quake was over magnitude (震级) 2.There were 10 earthquakes between magnitude 2.0 and 3.2 during this period, and many smaller ones. Humans can also sense quakes over magnitude 2 only.
According to Berberich, normal ant activity consists of going about collecting food etc. during the day and resting in the night. But before an earthquake the ants didn’t go back to their mound in the night and moved around outside it. This strange and abnormal behavior continued till a day after the earthquake, Berberich told a news conference, according to Live Science.
How do ants know an earthquake is coming? Berberich suggested that they could either be picking up changing gas emissions or noting tiny changes in the Earth’s magnetic fields (磁场). “Red wood ants have special cells which can detect changes in carbon dioxide levels. They also have special cells for detecting electromagnetic fields,” she said. Berberich and her colleagues are planning to continue the research in areas where there are more and bigger earthquakes.
13. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “resume” in Paragraph 1?
A. Form. B. Avoid.
C. Recover. D. Improve.
14. What’s the function of the first paragraph?
A. To lead to the main topic.
B. To describe a new species of ant.
C. To introduce a famous researcher.
D. To tell how to predict an earthquake.
15. What happens to the ants before an earthquake?
A. They have no appetite.
B. They are too excited to rest.
C. They get lost on their way home.
D. They refuse to go inside their nests.
16. What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A. Ants can only detect smaller earthquakes.
B. The result of the research is completely reliable.
C. Ants may have two ways to predict earthquakes.
D. Researchers don’t know how ants predict earthquakes.
5
A few years ago, I bought a flat. It was a triumph of hope and determination over property prices, and the peak of a 20-year dream. The day I got the keys should have been the most exciting day of my life and yet, the second I opened the door, panic set in. I spent my first night as a homeowner in a hotel researching how to sell a flat and wondering if it was too late to change my mind.
I didn’t sell my flat because I remembered why I had wanted it in the first place — but there are times when we get what we want and it simply isn’t right. I’ve always found a strange disconnect between wanting something and getting it. Wanting is a place of possibility and, in a state of lack, the desire is strong. We imagine how this thing — a new job or relationship — can change our lives and at the same time forget that adding something to our life doesn’t mean all our problems disappear. We create a narrative around the desire and, when we get it, and it is different to how we pictured it, we feel frustrated.
For me, this most often occurs in relationships. I have a habit of filling in the gaps with people, rather than getting to know them. I go on a date with someone and, instead of piecing them together brick by brick, I start to imagine what my life would be like with them in it. It shouldn’t have been a shock that the reality in no way matched my fantasy — but it was. I knew I wanted out, yet part of me felt committed: this was someone I thought I had wanted for so long, I couldn’t walk away, could I?
We tend to shame others for changing their minds. I think, however, it’s far braver to move towards something that will bring happiness than to stay in a miserable situation to protect your pride. So, when someone tells you they’ve changed their minds, congratulate them on knowing themselves well enough, and being strong enough, to admit it. It takes a lot to come clean about getting it wrong, but the relief of doing so — of setting ourselves free from a personal-shaped hole, is worth it every time.
17. Why did the author spend her first night as a homeowner in a hotel?
A. The flat was under decoration.
B. She wanted to sell this terrible flat.
C. The flat was different from her desire.
D. She was too excited to sleep in the flat.
18. Which of the following is most advisable in relationships according to the author?
A. Filling in the gaps with people around you.
B. Getting to know others little by little naturally.
C. Imagining what the life would be like with others.
D. Spending plenty of time to promote the relationship.
19. What message does the author try to tell us?
A. Never change your mind.
B. Never give up your first-time dream.
C. It is worthwhile to protect one's own pride.
D. It is brave to step out of a miserable situation.
20. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. A new flat B. A personal-shaped hole
C. A proud soul D. An unexcepted accident
6
(2020·合肥市高三第二次诊断检测)
Scientists have created the world’s first living，self-healing (自愈的) robots using stem cells from frogs. Named after the African clawed frogs from which they take their stem cells, xenobots are less than a millimeter wide—small enough to travel inside human bodies. They can walk and swim, survive for weeks without food, and work together in groups. These are “entirely new life forms”, said project co－leader Michael Levin, director of the Allen Discovery Center.
The researchers removed living stem cells, which have the ability to develop into different cell types, from frog embryos (胚胎), and left them to incubate (孵化). Then, the cells were cut and reshaped into specific “body forms” designed by a supercomputer. “They’re neither a traditional robot nor a known species of animal,” said robotics expert Joshua Bongard. The cells then began to work on their own and even have the regenerative power; when the scientists cut the living robot almost in half, its cells automatically zipped its body back up.
Xenobots don’t look like traditional robots—they have no shiny clothing or robotic arms. Instead, they look more like a tiny drop of moving pink flesh. The researchers say this is deliberate—this biological machine can achieve things typical robots of steel and plastic cannot do. “Traditional robots degrade over time and can produce ecological and health side effects,” researchers said in the study. As biological machines, xenobots are more environmentally friendly and safer for human health, the study said.
Research is being done into using the robots to clean up radioactive waste or even microplastics from the ocean. Scientists are also trying to include a greater variety of cells—a new nervous system for example. However, some people argue that the addition of nerve cells would cause moral problems. The general public have also expressed concern that humans would be taken control of by robots. However, Michael Levin thinks there’s no need to worry. “Xenobots have no ability to reproduce or evolve. The supercomputer which is used to produce them does use artificial intelligence. But for now, all is fine,” said Levin.
21. What is the text mainly about?
A. The advantage of AI technology.
B. The introduction of a latest robot.
C. The medical value of African clawed frogs.
D. The application of robots in medicine.
22. Which of the following best explains “regenerative” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A. Healing by itself.
B. Replacing old cells.
C. Living much longer.
D. Defending against attacks.
23. What do we know about xenobots?
A. They can break up steel and plastic while degrading.
B. They can do everything that traditional robots can do.
C. They do less harm to the environment and human health.
D. They often change their color deliberately while moving.
24. What is Michael Levin’s attitude toward the development of xenobots?
A. Ambiguous. B. Positive.
C. Skeptical. D. Cautious.
7
The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children, concluded as a “lying down” lifestyle, recently struck a chord with many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society.
Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”. They said they hate the “involution(内卷),” joking that they would rather give up some of what they have than get trapped in an endless competition against peers.
“Instead of always following the ‘virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,” said a scholar. “It is no wonder that some young people, under the growing pressures from child-raising to paying the mortgage (按揭) today, would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.”
Interestingly, the majority of millennials and Gen Zs reached by the Global Times, who claim to be big fans of the lying down philosophy, acknowledged that they only accept a temporary lying down as a short rest. It is true that with the great improvement of living conditions, some Chinese youth have partially lost the spirit of hardship and are not willing to bear too much hard work. But in fact, lying down is not entirely comfortable. Young people who lie down always feel guilty about their constant loss of morale (士气) far beyond their reach.
“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges,” a postgraduate student told the Global Times. “It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later.”
25. What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Warned. B. Criticized.
C. Touched. D. Amused.
26. What might have caused the “lying down” lifestyle among the young?
A. Improvements in living conditions.
B. Growing pressure from family and social life.
C. Increasing material possessions from families.
D. Temporary adjustment to failure in competitions.
27. What’s the scholar’s attitude toward the “lying down” group?
A. Understanding. B. Intolerant.
C. Supportive. D. Unclear.
28. What can be inferred about the young generation from the text?
A. They never really drop their responsibilities.
B. They really enjoy the “lying down” lifestyle.
C. They find their dreams far beyond their reach.
D. They would rather escape than take challenges.
答案与解析
1
【答案】1-4 ACAB
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了Solothurn这个地方的人们对数字11(eleven)的喜爱。
1. 段落大意题。根据第一段内容，尤其是本段第二句中的“It seems like everything in this place was designed around this magical number，from the fact that...”可知，第一段主要讲述了Solothurn的城市布局、建筑等的设计都与数字11有关。由此可知，文章第一段讲述的是Solothurn独特的设计。故选A。
2. 指代判断题。根据第二段第一句“Although nearly everyone in Solothurn...is covered in mystery.”可知，“that”指代句子前半部分中的“the town’s obsession with the number eleven”。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“It features three sets of steps...different types of marble.”可知，教堂有三组台阶，每组有11级台阶。由此可知，教堂共有33级台阶。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“The people of Solothurn also show...in their daily life.”以及其后的“special celebrations”与“local products and business”等可知，Solothurn的人们已经将数字11融入了他们的日常生活。故选B。
2
【答案】5-8ABDA
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了接种疫苗是帮助我们预防疾病的最有效方法之一，有的疫苗可以一劳永逸的保护接种人，而流感疫苗则是个例外。并介绍了流感疫苗的相关知识，如其生产研发，市场行情以及优先接种流感疫苗的人群等。
5. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Apart from a person’s immune protection from flu vaccination declining over time, flu viruses are also constantly changing.(除了一个人对流感疫苗的免疫保护随着时间的推移而下降外，流感病毒也在不断变化。)”可知，流感病毒在不断变化。故选A。
6. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Thus, to develop effective flu vaccines, over 100 national influenza centers around the world conduct year-round surveillance(监测) for influenza.(因此，为了研制有效的流感疫苗，全世界100多个国家流感中心对流感进行了全年监测。)”可知，为了研制有效的流感疫苗，研究人员全年监测流感。故选B。
7. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“But even when a vaccine is developed, getting it can prove to be difficult, as it is in high demand and short supply. The timing of influenza vaccine production and distribution is unpredictable, thus the availability of the flu vaccine supply does not always meet peak demand.(但是，即使研制出疫苗，也很难获得疫苗，因为疫苗的需求量很大，而且供不应求。流感疫苗生产和分发的时间是不可预测的，因此流感疫苗供应的可获得性并不总是与高峰需求相吻合)”和倒数第二段“So scientists prioritize access to the vaccination.(所以科学家们优先考虑接种疫苗。)”可知，因为疫苗需求量很大、供不应求，并不总是能满足需求，所以科学家们优先考虑接种疫苗。故选D。
8. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This year the situation seems more complicated, as the upcoming flu season coincides with the COVID-19 pandemic. This could overwhelm hospitals, straining(过度使用) resources and healthcare workers time.(今年的情况似乎更加复杂，因为即将到来的流感季节恰逢新型冠状病毒肺炎大流行。这可能会压垮医院，占用资源和医护人员的时间。)”可知，作者认为因为今年即将到来的流感季节恰逢COVD-19大流行，所有这种情况会更复杂，使医院、医疗资源和医护人员不堪重负，因此对医务工作者来说，这可能比以往任何时候都更具挑战性，从而推断作者持担心的态度。故选A。
3
【答案】9-12 DABC
【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了东非蝗灾的抗灾资金严重短缺的情况及蝗灾的其他相关情况。
9. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Climate events have accelerated...expected in coming weeks”及第三段中的“the UN Secretary－General António Guterres stated that...the perfect breeding ground for locusts.”可知，有利于蝗虫繁殖的气候发挥了作用，故选D。
10. 推理判断题。根据第二段中列举的数据可以看出，东非蝗灾影响的国家多、人数多及蝗灾的危害大。由此可推知，作者列举那些数据的目的是告知蝗虫造成的严重破坏，故选A。
11. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的第一句“The Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO) has put...US $138 million”和最后一句并结合最后一段的内容可知，抗击蝗灾需要很多资金，然而，资金缺口却非常大，故选B。
12. 标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了东非蝗灾的抗灾资金严重短缺的情况以及导致蝗灾爆发的因素和其带来的严重后果，故C项最适合作本文标题。
4
【答案】13-16 CADC
【解析】本文是说明文。研究发现，蚂蚁能预知地震，原因可能在于蚂蚁体内有能够探测到二氧化碳变化和电磁场的细胞。
13. 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Their behavior changes significantly...only a day after it.”和倒数第二段第三句“This strange and abnormal behavior continued till a day after the earthquake”可知，“resume”含义与“恢复正常”有关。故选C项。
14. 推理判断题。本文是一篇有关研究发现的报道，文章第一段前两句表明了研究的发现，第二段至最后一段则详细叙述了研究的过程以及对相关问题的分析等。由此可推知，第一段的作用是引入文章话题。故选A。
15. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“But before an earthquake...and moved around outside it.”可知，在地震发生前，蚂蚁不肯返回自己的巢穴。故选D项。
16. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“How do ants know an earthquake is coming？”可知，本段分析的是蚂蚁能预知地震的原因，结合本段第二句的叙述以及后面引用研究者的话可知，我们可以得出这样一个结论，即蚂蚁可能有两种预知地震的方法——感知二氧化碳的变化与感知电磁场的变化。故选C项。
5
【答案】17-20 CDDA
【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为想要的事物在得到时却发现和想象的不一样，作者劝诫我们改变主意并不丢人。
17. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The day I got the keys should have been the most exciting day of my life and yet, the second I opened the door, panic set in. I spent my first night as a homeowner in a hotel researching how to sell a flat and wondering if it was too late to change my mind.(我拿到钥匙的那天本应该是我这辈子最激动人心的一天，然而，当我打开门的那一刻，恐慌就开始了。当上房主后的第一个晚上，我在一家酒店里研究如何卖公寓，想着现在改变主意是否太晚了)”可知，作者看到房子时与自己预期的不一样，想卖掉它，当晚并没有住在那里，所以作者在酒店度过了她作为房主的第一个晚上。故选C项。
18. 推理判断题。根据第三段“For me, this most often occurs in relationships. I have a habit of filling in the gaps with people, rather than getting to know them. I go on a date with someone and, instead of piecing them together brick by brick, I start to imagine what my life would be like with them in it.(对我来说，这经常发生在人际关系中。我有一个习惯，就是和别人一起填补空白，而不是去了解他们。我会和某人约会，而不是一砖一瓦地把他们拼在一起，我会开始想象有了他们我的生活会是什么样子)”及本段最后一句“I couldn’t walk away, could I?(我不能离开，不是吗？)”可知，结识某人后发现和自己期待的不一样，不应该放弃这段关系，那样是没有责任心的，应该是和他们约会相处继续了解，而不是靠想象。故选D项。
19. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“We tend to shame others for changing their minds. I think, however, it’s far braver to move to- wards something that will bring happiness than to stay in a miserable situation to protect your pride.(我们往往会因为别人改变主意而感到羞愧。然而，我认为，与其为了保护自己的自尊而呆在痛苦的处境中，还不如勇敢地去追求能带来幸福的东西)”可知，作者认为，为维护自尊待在痛苦的境况中不做出改变是懦弱的，走出窘境去追求能带来幸福的事情是更勇敢的。故选D项。
20. 主旨大意题。第一段作者用自己买房子的亲身经历说出，自己追求已久的东西得到时发现与自己的期待不符，及第二段“I didn’t sell my flat because I remembered why I had wanted it in the first place — but there are times when we get what we want and it simply isn’t right. I’ve always found a strange disconnect between wanting something and getting it.(我没有卖掉我的公寓，因为我记得我最初为什么想要它——但有时我们得到了我们想要的东西，但它就是不对的。我总是在想要和得到之间发现一种奇怪的脱节)”，并由此展开对欲望与现实的关系的讨论，所以那套公寓是一个喻体，是文章关键词。故选A项。
6
【答案】21-24 BACB
【解析】本文是说明文。科学家们利用非洲爪蟾的干细胞创造了世界上第一个活的、能自愈的机器人，该机器人更加环保，对人类健康更安全，能做一般机器人不能做的事。
21. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一句为全文的主题句，下文围绕该主题句展开，介绍了科学家利用非洲爪蟾的干细胞创造的世界上第一个活的、能自愈的机器人的相关情况。故B项正确。
22. 词义猜测题。根据第二段尾句中的“when the scientists cut the living robot almost in half, its cells automatically zipped its body back up.”可知，当科学家们把这个活的机器人几乎切成两半时，它的细胞会将身体自动复原。据此可推知，画线词的词义与A项接近。
23. 细节理解题。根据第三段尾句中的“xenobots are more environmentally friendly and safer for human health”可知，这种机器人更环保，且对人类健康来说更安全。故C项正确。
24. 观点态度题。根据尾段Levin所说的话“Xenobots have no ability to reproduce...But for now, all is fine.”可推知，Levin对这种机器人的发展持积极乐观的态度。故B项正确。
7
【答案】25-28 CBAA
【解析】这是一篇议论文。在这个快节奏、竞争激烈的社会中，许多年轻人渴望暂时停下来喘口气，因此他们选择“躺平”，他们不愿总是遵循奋斗、忍受和牺牲的美德来承受压力。但他们大多数人都不想浪费了机会和挑战，也不会真正放下自己的责任。
25. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“The idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children(低物质欲望，低消费，拒绝工作，结婚和生育的观念)…”对这种生活方式和“…many young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society(在这个快节奏、竞争激烈的社会中，渴望停下来喘口气的许多年轻人)”年轻一代的生存状态的描述，可知，年轻人对这种观念是认同并受其影响的，划线词意为“触动，影响”，故选C。
26. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”(许多千禧一代和z一代向《环球时报》抱怨，工作压力、家庭纠纷和经济压力等负担把他们逼到了绝境。).”可知，来自家庭和社会生活的日益增长的压力可能是致使年轻人“躺平”的生活方式的原因，故选B。
27. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Instead of always following the ‘virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer a temporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,(他们不愿总是遵循奋斗、忍受和牺牲的美德来承受压力，他们宁愿暂时躺下，作为宣泄和调整)”和“It is no wonder that some young people, … would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.(难怪一些年轻人，……会努力过一种简单的生活方式，把烦恼抛在脑后。)”可知，学者对“躺平”群体的态度是理解的，故选A。
28. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges(校园里的年轻人既有抱负，也对自己的未来感到困惑，但我们大多数人都拒绝了，把自己束之高悬，浪费了机会和挑战)”和“It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later(逃跑没有用。我迟早要站起来面对现实。)”可知，他们从未真正放下自己的责任。故选A。
相关试卷
1.2022届高三二轮专题卷 英语（一）阅读理解（说明文、议论文）附答案解析： 这是一份1.2022届高三二轮专题卷 英语（一）阅读理解（说明文、议论文）附答案解析，共18页。
2022届高考英语二轮专题复习1阅读理解说明文议论文： 这是一份2022届高考英语二轮专题复习1阅读理解说明文议论文，共17页。
【原创】2022届高三二轮专题卷 英语（一）阅读理解（说明文、议论文）： 这是一份【原创】2022届高三二轮专题卷 英语（一）阅读理解（说明文、议论文），文件包含原创2022届高三二轮专题卷英语一阅读理解说明文议论文学生版docx、原创2022届高三二轮专题卷英语一阅读理解说明文议论文教师版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共36页， 欢迎下载使用。
