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北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Lesson 1 To Clone or Not to Clone?课堂教学课件ppt
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这是一份北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Lesson 1 To Clone or Not to Clone?课堂教学课件ppt，文件包含UNIT9Period2pptx、UNIT9Period2DOC等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共60页， 欢迎下载使用。
1．clne vt._____________________2．edit vi. &vt.________________________3．artificially adv._____________________4．barrier n._____________________5．identical n.________________________
克隆，使无性繁殖 编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接 人为地，虚假地 障碍，壁垒 完全相同的，非常相似的
6．twin n._____________________7．frever adv._____________________8．camel n._____________________9．cattle n._____________________10．gat n._____________________11．cmparisn n._____________________
双胞胎中的一个 永远；长久地 骆驼 牛 山羊 比较
12．reprductive adj._____________________13．whlly adv._____________________14．clue n._____________________15．accurate adj._____________________16．treatment n.______________________________17．emtin n._____________________
繁殖的，生殖的 完全地 线索，提示 准确的，正确的 诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式 强烈的感情，激情
18．crucial adj._____________________19．bund adj._____________________20．mere adj._______________________________21．abuse vt. &n._____________________22．blessing n._____________________
至关重要的，关键性的 很有可能，肯定会 仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的 滥用，妄用；虐待 福气，幸运
1．一定做某事_____________________2．请某人吃……_____________________3．滥用某人的权利_____________________4．比……差_____________________5．依靠，取决于_____________________
be bund t d sth. treat sb. t… abuse ne’s pwer be inferir t sth. depend n
6．到目前为止_____________________7．说服某人做某事_____________________8．起初_____________________9．lead t_____________________10．make an exact cpy f_____________________11．attempt t d sth._____________________
s far persuade sb. t d sth. at first 导致；通向 精确复制 试图做某事
12．as well_____________________13．be viewed as…_____________________14．have the ptential t d sth._____________________15．in a shrt amunt f time_____________________16．pint f view_____________________
也，还 被看做…… 有潜力做某事 在很短的时间内 观点
1．(P53)…a huge breakthrugh that might lead t cures fr varius diseases and may als ffer clues n ________ ________ ________(怎样预防)the aging prcess. (疑问词＋不定式)【答案】hw t prevent
2．(P53)________(尽管)sme peple believe it is crucial fr scientific advancement, thers raise mral cncerns. (while引导让步状语从句)【答案】While
3．(P55)________ ________ ________ ________(据报道)researchers all arund the wrld had been cnducting tests n animals, such as mice and dgs, fr many years…(it作形式主语)【答案】It is reprted that
一、阅读理解1．Which f the fllwing examples belngs t natural clning?A．Identical twins. B．Clning a sheep. C．Clning a lng-tailed mnkey. D．Clning a dg.
2．What was the first successfully clned animals?A．Tw lng-tailed mnkeys. B．A sheep named Dlly. C．A camel called Zhng Zhng. D．A gat named Hua Hua.
3．Which f the fllwing is NOT the ptential benefits f clning primates accrding t passage?A．It can result in cures fr varius diseases. B．It can ffer clues n hw t prevent the aging prcess. C．We can have the ptential t raise a number f mnkeys with identical genes in a shrt amunt f time. D．It can help increase research time and prvide mre accurate results.
4．Fr hw lng did Dr. Sun Qiang’s team wrk?A．Almst 100 days. B．Abut 24 mnths. C．Mre than 5 years. D．Abut seven weeks. 5．What is the writer’s attitude twards clning?A．Dubtful.B．Oppsed. C．Critical.D．Objective. 【答案】1—5 ABDCD
二、判断正误1．Clning is the prcess f making an exact cpy f an animal f a plant and develping it either artificially r naturally. 2．In 1986 a sheep named Dlly was successfully clned. 3．The sheep Dlly lived fr six and a half years, nly ne-third the life f the sheep frm which she was clned.
4．It was Chinese scientists wh annunced the clning f tw lng-tailed mnkeys in January in 2018．5．Dr. Sun Qiang’s team succeeded in clning a mnkey with ease. 6．We are sure f what will happen t Zhng Zhng and Hua Hua. 【答案】1—6 TFFTFF
【答案】Para. 1：B Para. 2：A Para. 3：E Para. 4：F Para. 5：D Para. 6：C
1．lead t导致(P52)This has led t questins such as…【翻译】这就导致了诸如……的问题。
【语言提升】lead vi. &vt. 导致；通向；引导；过(某种生活)lead sb. t d sth. 引导某人做某事lead a…life过着……生活leader n. 领导leading adj. 主要的；领导的
Excuse me, des this rad lead t the railway statin?请问，这条路通向火车站吗？T lead a happy life is the villagers’ hpe. 过上幸福生活是村里人的祈盼。Ding what yu lve may lead yu t find a way t make mney. 做你喜欢的事可能会让你找到赚钱的方法。
【温馨提示】表示“导致”的短语还有：result in, bring abut。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Lack f exercise can lead ________ feelings f depressin and exhaustin. (2)T lead ________ regular life is beneficial t gd health. (3)Our guide led us ________(pass)thrugh the thick frest. (4)The new evidence led t him ________(arrest)by the plice. 【答案】(1)t (2)a (3)t pass (4)being arrested
完成句子(5)He still believed that hnesty and hard wrk wuld ________ ________ success. 他仍然相信诚实加勤奋就能通向成功。【答案】lead t
2．cmparisn n. 比较(P52)In cmparisn with ther species, clning primates has prved t be “much harder”…【翻译】与其他物种相比，克隆灵长类动物已证明“更难”……。
【语言提升】in/by cmparisn with…和……相比In cmparisn with last year, the price f beef has increased. 与去年相比，牛肉的价格上涨了。
cmpare vt. 比较；将……比作cmpare…with…把……和……相比Managers analyse their cmpany’s data and cmpare it with the data n their cmpetitrs. 经理们分析他们公司的数据并与其竞争者的数据进行比较。
cmpare…t… 把……和……相比；把……比作……We ften cmpare the children t the flwers f the cuntry. 我们常把孩子比作祖国的花朵。cmpared with/t…和……相比Our greenhuse is nthing cmpared with yurs. 我们这个温室比起你们那个简直是小巫见大巫。
cmpare ntes (with sb. )(与某人)交换意见Mther and Mrs. Barker like t cmpare ntes abut cking. 母亲和巴科太太喜欢就烹调交换意见。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)The telecm industry in Australia is very small ________ cmparisn with the rest f the wrld. (2)It is difficult t make a ________(cmpare)with her previus bk—they are cmpletely different. (3)My wn prblems seem small ________(cmpare)with ther peple’s. 【答案】(1)in/by (2)cmparisn (3)cmpared
完成句子(4)These tw scientists ften ________ ________ ________ each ther n their research prjects. 这两位科学家在研究工作方面常常交换意见。(5)Yung peple are ften ________ ________ the rising sun. 年轻人常被比作初升的太阳。【答案】(4)cmpare ntes with (5)cmpared t
3．attempt n. &vi. 尝试；试图(P52)Fr years, there had been attempts t clne animals artificially. 【翻译】多年来，人们一直试图人工克隆动物。
【语言提升】make an attempt t d sth. /at ding sth. 尝试/试图做某事She made an attempt t vercme her weaknesses. 她努力克服自己的缺点。at the first attempt 第一次尝试He finished the game successfully at the first attempt. 他第一次尝试就成功地完成了比赛。
attempt t d sth. 尝试/试图做某事He had attempted t rescue the drwning man. 他曾试图去救那个溺水的男人。attempted adj. 蓄意的；未遂的attempted murder/escape谋杀/逃跑未遂She was sentenced t twenty years’ imprisnment fr pisning and attempted murder. 她因投毒和谋杀未遂而被判处了20年监禁。
【语境助记】He made an attempt t practice and attempted t pass the driving test at the first attempt. 他努力训练，试图在第一次尝试时就通过驾驶考试。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)She was prud as a peacck when she passed her driving test ________ the first attempt. (2)They are attempting ________(climb)the steepest part f Munt Tai. (3)She has been charged with the ________(attempt)murder f her husband. 【答案】(1)at (2)t climb (3)attempted
一句多译(4)我认为你应该尽力抓住这个机会来更进一步学习中国的传统文化。→I think that yu shuld _____ _____ _____ this pprtunity t learn traditinal Chinese culture further. (attempt vt. )→I think that yu shuld ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ this pprtunity t learn traditinal Chinese culture further. (attempt n. )
→I think that yu shuld ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ this pprtunity t learn traditinal Chinese culture further. (attempt n. )【答案】attempt t grasp; make an attempt t grasp; make an attempt at grasping
4．treatment n. 治疗，疗法；对待；处理；待遇(P53)This culd help save research time, reduce the number f animals required fr testing, prduce mre accurate results, and lead t mre effective treatments. 【翻译】这有助于节省研究时间，减少测试所需的动物数量，产生更准确的结果，并带来更有效的治疗。
【语言提升】treatment n. 治疗，疗法；对待；处理；待遇We dn’t want any special treatment. 我们不需要任何特殊待遇。
treat vt. 治疗；对待；款待treat sb. fr…给某人医治……The by was treated fr a minr head wund. 那个男孩因头部轻伤而接受治疗。treat…as…把……看作……Older peple shuld nt be treated as secnd-class citizens. 不应把老年人当二等公民对待。
treat sb. t… 请某人吃/享用……She was always treating him t ice cream. 她总请他吃冰淇淋。treat n. 款待Her enthusiastic treat made us very happy. 她的热情款待使我们感到非常高兴。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Many patients are nt getting the medical ________ (treat) they need. (2)Plice say they’re treating it ________ a case f attempted murder. (3)Tmrrw I’ll treat myself ________ a gd rest. 【答案】(1)treatment (2)as (3)t
完成句子(4)The by is ________ ________ ________ a high fever at present. 这个男孩目前正在接受高烧治疗。【答案】being treated fr
5．cncern n. 关心；担心vt. 使担心；涉及，关系到(P53)While sme peple believe it is crucial fr scientific advancement, thers raise mral cncerns. 【翻译】虽然有些人认为这对科学进步至关重要，但其他人提出了道德问题。
【语言提升】It cncerned her that her sn hadn’t been back hme. 她儿子没有回家，这使她很担心。She hasn’t been seen fr fur days and there is cncern fr her safety. 她已四天不见踪影，大家对她的安全很担心。
cncerned adj. 担心的；关心的；有关的be cncerned abut担心；关心Investrs weren’t cncerned abut shrt-term prfits ver the next few years. 投资者不关心今后几年里的短期收益。
be cncerned with…与……有关This activity is cncerned with building a mre beautiful campus. 这个活动与建设一个更美丽的校园有关。
cncerning prep. 关于Fr mre infrmatin cncerning the club, cntact Mr. Cldwell. 想了解更多有关该俱乐部的信息，请跟科德韦尔先生联系。as far as sb. be cncerned在某人看来As far as I’m cncerned, sprts are f great benefit t yu. 在我看来，体育运动对你有好处。
【语境助记】As far as I am cncerned, there’s n need t cncern yurself with this matter. Dn’t get invlved in what desn’t cncern yu. There are many imprtant things cncerning yu, s yu shuld be mre cncerned abut that. 在我看来，你没有必要担心这件事。不要管那些与你无关的事情。关于你的重要的事情很多，所以你更应该关心这样的事。
【针对练习】(1)________(cncern)abut the student, the teacher called his parents t find ut why he was s ften absent frm class. (2)As far as I’m ________(cncern), nt nly des utdr exercise get us clse t nature but als give relaxatin frm heavy schlwrk. (3)Yu shwed me sme phts ________ (cncern) envirnmental prtectin. 【答案】(1)Cncerned (2)cncerned (3)cncerning
完成句子(4)His jb ________ ________ ________ cmputer, s he is gd at perating the cmputers. 他的工作与计算机有关，所以他很擅长操作计算机。【答案】is cncerned with
6．bund adj. 很有可能，肯定会(P53)They believe it is bund t lead t clning f ther species, and they wrry abut the ethical questins this raises. 【翻译】他们相信这必然会导致克隆其他物种，并担心由此引发的伦理问题。
【语言提升】be bund t d sth. 一定会做某事；有责任/有义务做某事We are bund t cut dwn the expenses. 我们必须要削减开支。They are bund t take time t readjust after a hliday. 他们肯定需要时间重新适应假期结束后的生活。
bund fr…准备前往……I barded the plane bund fr England. 我登上了飞往英格兰的飞机。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Take it easy! Yu are bund ________(pass)the exam. (2)The plane bund ________ the fld-stricken area carried medical and fd. 【答案】(1)t pass (2)fr
完成句子(3)Wars ________ ________ ________ cast a shadw n peple arund the wrld. 战争一定会给世界人民的心中留下阴影。【答案】are bund t
7．inferir adj. 低级别的，下级的；差的，次的(P53)Furthermre, clnes may be viewed as mere cpies f riginals thus being seen as inferir. 【翻译】此外，克隆可能被视为仅仅是原始物种的复制，因此被视为劣等物种。
【语言提升】be inferir t劣于；次于Mdern music is ften cnsidered inferir t that f the past. 现代音乐常被认为不如过去的。
【归纳拓展】be superir t优于；好于I’ve persnally never agreed with the view that either sex is superir t the ther. 我个人从未持有过一种性别比另一种性别优越的观点。
be senir t…比……年长；比……级别高My brther is senir t me by tw years. 家兄比我年长两岁。be junir t…比……年幼；比……级别低My jb is t supervise peple wh are junir t me. 我的职责是监督那些职位在我之下的人。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)These ranges are inferir ________ thse I bught last week. (2)It cannt be questined that the new methd is superir ________ the ld ne. 【答案】(1)t (2)t
完成句子(3)I was given the jb, despite the fact that Dminic ________ ________ ________ me. 尽管多米尼克的职位比我高，这项工作却分给了我。(4)His jb is t give instructins t peple ________ ________ him. 他的职责是指导职位在他之下的人。【答案】(3)is senir t (4)junir t
1．(P53)…a huge breakthrugh that might lead t cures fr varius diseases and may als ffer clues n hw t prevent the aging prcess. 【翻译】……这一个巨大的突破，可能会导致治疗各种疾病，也可能提供如何防止衰老过程的线索。
【句式剖析】本句中hw t prevent为“疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作介词n的宾语。
I’m srry, I dn’t knw hw t answer the questin. 对不起，我不知道如何回答这个问题。Chsing what t eat is n lnger as easy as it nce was. (作宾语)选择吃什么已经不像以前那么简单了。It is said that when and where t have a meeting has been decided. (作主语)据说何时何地举行会议已经确定。
The questin many students are puzzled abut is hw t learn English well. (作表语)很多学生为之困惑的问题是怎样学好英语。I spent days thinking ver whether t take the jb r nt. (作宾语)我用了好些天苦苦思考是否接受这个工作。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)I knw where ________(find)that infrmatin. (2)Once we were discussing where ________(g)fr an uting. (3)When and where ________(discuss)the issue hasn’t been decided yet. 【答案】(1)t find (2)t g (3)t discuss
完成句子(4)也许最艰难的挑战就是没有朋友的话应该怎样生存。Perhaps the mst difficult challenge is ________ ________ ________ withut friends. 【答案】hw t survive
2．(P55)It is reprted that researchers all arund the wrld had been cnducting tests n animals, such as mice and dgs, fr many years…【翻译】据报道，许多年以来，世界各地的研究人员一直在动物身上进行实验，比如老鼠和狗。
【句式剖析】本句中It is reprted that…意为“据报道……”，it为形式主语，that后的从句为真正的主语。It is thught that an unusually cld climate has made the utbreak wrse than nrmal this year. 人们认为，今年非正常的寒冷天气恶化了此次疫情。
【归纳拓展】it作形式主语的情况：It＋be＋n. ＋t d sth. /that-clauseIt is a pity that yu can’t attend my wedding. 很遗憾你不能参加我的婚礼。It＋be＋过去分词＋that-clauseIt is said that Cang Jie created the Chinese writing system. 据说中国的汉字是仓颉发明的。
It takes sb. sme time t d sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。It tk the wrkers tw years t build the bridge. 工人们花了两年时间造这座桥。It is＋adj. ＋t d sth. /that-clauseS if yu are ging t visit a friend, it is necessary t make a reservatin. 因此如果你去拜访一个朋友，预约是很有必要的。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)It is ________(believe)that greenhuse gases are the main cause f glbal warming. (2)________ tk the wrkers five years t cmplete the prject. 【答案】(1)believed (2)It
完成句子(3)________ ________ ________ ________ ________ he died f illness n his way hme frm Africa in 1433．遗憾的是，1433年从非洲回国的路上他死于疾病。(4)________ ________ ________ ________ we keep that glden rule in mind. 我们有必要牢记这条金科玉律。【答案】(3)It is a pity that (4)It is necessary that
一、根据课文完成表格，每空不多于三个单词
【答案】1．cpy 2．naturally 3．sheep 4．lder5．Chinese scientists 6．mnkeys 7．cures8．hw t prevent 9．crucial 10．abuse11．blessing 12．mankind
二、课文语法填空Clning ccurs when an egg splits and creates identical twins. The first animals t be 1．________(successful)clned by scientists was a sheep called Dlly. Despite the initial success, she suffered frm an illness and died at 2．________ age f six. Since then, ther animals have been clned but have als experienced similar health prblems.
In 3．________(cmpare)with ther species, attempts t clne mnkeys have been far mre cmplicated and tk Chinese scientists many years. The reasn they wanted t break this technical barrier was 4．________ mnkey clning might ffer clues as t hw 5．________(cure)illness and disease. As the technlgy imprves and becmes mre accurate there wuld be even 6．________(great)benefits.
Althugh sme peple view clning as crucial fr medical and scientific 7．________(develp), thers wrry that this technlgy will lead 8．________ clning f ther species. There is a risk that this culd 9．________(abuse)by sme cmpanies r peple. Whether it is a blessing 10．________ a curse fr humanity depends n hw we chse t use it.
【答案】1．successfully 2．the 3．cmparisn 4．that5．t cure 6．greater 7．develpment 8．t9．be abused 10．r
三、概要写作根据课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin：A sheep named Dlly was the first mammal t be clned successfully(要点1). In 2018, China annunced that tw mnkeys had been clned(要点2).
This majr breakthrugh gives mre accurate results and might lead t cures fr varius diseases(要点3). Sme scientists insist that it is crucial fr scientific advancement(要点4). Hwever, thers raise mral cncerns and wrry the technlgy might be abused by sme rganizatins(要点5).
【例句观察】1．I have run ut f patience with her. 2．I have been wrking in an advertisement cmpany in the last tw years.
3．When I reached the ffice, I realized that I had left an imprtant dcument at hme. 4．Mr. Smith tld us that he had been writing the nvel fr tw and a half years.
【我的领悟】1．例句1中画线部分用的是________时态，这种时态的基本结构是________。2．例句2中画线部分用的是________时态，这种时态的基本结构是________。
3．例句3中画线部分用的是________时态，这种时态的基本结构是________。4．例句4中画线部分用的是________时态，这种时态的基本结构是________。
Keys：1．现在完成；has/have dne2．现在完成进行时；have/has been ding3．过去完成时；had dne4．过去完成进行时；had been ding
一、现在完成时1．现在完成时的构成主动形式：have/has dne被动形式：have/has been dne
2．现在完成时的用法(1)表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，常用recently，lately，ever，never，befre，yet，s far，up till nw，since，fr a lng time，in/during the past/last few years，these days等作时间状语。
He hasn’t heard any news frm his sn lately. 他最近没有听到他儿子的任何消息。S far n life has been fund utside the earth. 到目前为止，在地球之外还没有发现生命。He has learned 5，000 English wrds since he went t cllege. 自从上大学以来，他已经学会了5000个英语单词。
(2)在时间或条件状语从句中，通常用现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示将来某一时刻前已完成的动作：Tell me what yu think f the bk when yu’ve read it. 你看完这本书后，告诉我你的想法。We’ll start at 2 ’clck pm if it has stpped raining by then. 如果那时雨停了的话，我们将于下午2点开始。
(3)“This/It is＋the＋序数词＋time＋that…” 句式中，that后的从句用现在完成时。This is the secnd time that I have visited the university. 这是我第二次参观这所大学。
二、现在完成进行时1．现在完成进行时的构成：have/has been ding2．现在完成进行时的用法(1)表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在而且会继续进行下去的动作。He has been lying in bed fr tw weeks. 他已经在床上两周了。
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。I have been calling him several times this mrning，but there is n answer. 我今天上午给他打了好几次电话，但没人接。
3．现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时强调“动作”的持续性，表示“未完成”的含义；现在完成时则强调“时间”的经过或动作产生的“结果”，表示“已完成”的含义。I have watered the flwers. 我已经给花浇过水了。(已完成：你不必浇了)I have been watering the flwers. 我一直在给花浇水。(未完成：一直在浇)
三、过去完成时1．过去完成时的构成主动形式：had dne被动形式：had been dne
2．过去完成时的用法(1)过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。When I wke up, it had already stpped raining. 当我醒来时，雨已经停了。
(2)过去完成时常常用在tld, said, knew, heard, thught等动词后的宾语从句中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。I thught I had sent the letter a week befre. 我以为前一周我寄了那封信的。
(3)“This/It was＋the＋序数词＋time＋that…” 句式中，that后的从句用过去完成时。It was the third time that he had been ut f wrk that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业。(4)by the time＋从句(从句用一般过去时)，主句用过去完成时。By the time I went utside，the bus had already left. 我到外面去的时候，车已经开走了。
(5)N sner＋had sb/sth. dne＋than (一般过去时)表示“一……就……”Hardly＋had sb/sth. dne＋when (一般过去时)表示“一……就……”
N sner had entered the rm than the telephne rang. 他刚走进房间，电话铃就响了。Hardly had he gne t bed when there was a knck n the dr. 他刚上床就听到敲门声。
四、过去完成进行时1．过去完成进行时的构成：had been ding2．过去完成进行时的用法(1)过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
I had been lking fr it fr days befre I fund it. 这东西我找了好多天才找着的。 They had nly been waiting fr the bus a few mments when it came. 他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
(2)表示反复的动作。 He had been mentining yur name t me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。 Yu had been giving me everything. 你对我真是有求必应。
(3)过去完成进行时还可用在said，suppsed等引起的间接引语中，代替现在完成进行时。He said，“I have been speaking t Jhn. ”(直接引语)＝He said that he had been speaking t Jhn. (间接引语)
(4)过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句。 I had nly been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。 She’d nly been reviewing her lessns fr a shrt while when her little sister interrupted her. 她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。
一、单句语法填空1．Tm ________(wrk)in the library every night ver the last three mnths. 【答案】has been wrking2．In rder t find the missing child, villagers ________ (d)all they can ver the past five hurs. 【答案】have been ding
3．They ________(wrk)n the prgram fr almst ne week befre I jined them. 【答案】had been wrking4．They ________(plant)six hundred trees befre last Wednesday. 【答案】had planted
5．S far we ________(learn)3，000 English wrds. 【答案】have learned6．The by was delighted with his new strybk which he ________(want)fr a lng time. 【答案】had been wanting7．The friendly relatins and cperatin between ur tw cuntries ________(strengthen)in the past few years. 【答案】have been strengthened
8．His brther was gd at playing table tennis. He ________ (play)it since he was ten. 【答案】had been playing9．The girl has a great interest in sprt and ________ (take)badmintn classes twice a week ver the last three years. 【答案】has been taking
10．During the last three decades, the number f peple participating in physical fitness prgrams ________ (increase) sharply. 【答案】has increased
二、完成句子1．It was midnight and he was tired because he ________ ________ ________ since dawn. 已经是午夜了，他很累，因为他从天亮就一直在工作。【答案】had been wrking
2．In the last few years, China ________ ________ ________ ________ in envirnmental prtectin. 在过去的几年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大的成就。【答案】has made great achievements
3．I ________ ________ ________ the nvel by the time my mther came hme. 到我妈妈回家的时候，我已经读完了这本小说。【答案】had finished reading
4．I ________ ________ ________ ________ the prgram since fur years ag. 我从四年前就开始从事这个项目了。【答案】have been wrking n
5．Since the recent river pllutin in Shanxi Prvince, peple ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ t the water quality. 自从山西省河流污染问题出现以来，人们一直越来越关注水质。【答案】have been paying mre and mre attentin
6．Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ ________ ________ ________ make ur envirnment mre beautiful. 自从人类开始园艺，我们一直在努力使我们的环境更美丽。【答案】have been trying t
7．There ________ ________ ________ ________ here fr nearly tw mnths. 这里已经近两个月没下雨了。【答案】has been n rain
8．The telephne ________ ________ ________ fr three minutes befre it was answered. 电话铃响了三分钟才有人接。【答案】had been ringing
9．The man ________ ________ ________ in the sun fr a lng time and gt his face burnt. 那个人在太阳下站了很长时间，脸都晒伤了。【答案】had been standing
10．N sner ________ ________ ________ ________ the TV than there was a pwer failure. 她刚打开电视就停电了。【答案】had she turned n
一、单词拼写1．The majrity f cntracts give the publisher the right t ________ (编辑)a bk after it’s dne. 2．The parents have n right t ________(虐待)their children. 3．It is bviusly an unfair ________(比较). 4．These apples are ________(次的)t thse n the shelf. 【答案】1．edit 2．abuse 3．cmparisn 4．inferir
5．The tw pictures are similar, althugh nt ________(完全相同的). 6．Lack f cnfidence is a psychlgical ________(障碍)t success. 7．It tk her a ________(仅仅)20 minutes t win the chess game. 【答案】5．identical 6．barrier 7．mere/nly
8．He regained his listening after receiving ________(治疗). 9．My heart was beating wildly but I didn’t let my face shw any ________(情感). 10．Parents play a(an)________(至关重要的)rle in preparing their child fr schl. 【答案】8．treatment 9．emtin 10．crucial
二、单句语法填空1．If yu take n the prject, yu are bund ________(meet) with difficulties. 2．They agreed t g ________(mere)because they were getting paid fr it. 3．Rivers are a ________(bless)fr an agricultural cuntry. 【答案】1．t meet 2．merely 3．blessing
4．They have kept the price f sugar ________(artificial)high. 5．It was ________(whle)different frm what we expected. 6．The plice were trying t seek fr all pssible ________ (clue) t the murder. 7．We shuld train ur students t speak English fluently and ________(accurate). 【答案】4．artificially 5．whlly 6．clues 7．accurately
8．Mthers are ften the nes wh prvide ________ (emtin) supprt fr the family. 9．I ________(wrk)fr sme time when he called. 10．Air pllutin ________(take)the lives f many peple. 【答案】8．emtinal 9．had been wrking 10．has taken
三、完成句子1．By the time he was twelve, he ________ ________ ________ mre than 20 cuntries. 到12岁时，他已经去过20多个国家。【答案】had travelled t
2．He ________ ________ ________ the nvel fr three hurs and he ________ ________ it. 这本小说他已经看了三个小时了，还没有读完。【答案】has been reading；hasn’t finished
3．I thught that he ________ ________ ________ ________ learning English in the past tw hurs in the rm. 我原以为他在房间里两个小时以来一直在专心学习英语。【答案】had been absrbed in
4．Culd yu figure ut ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the cming meeting?你能想出如何安排这次会议吗？【答案】hw t make arrangements fr
5．It is the third time ________ ________ ________ me t pay attentin t my handwriting. 这是他第三次叫我注意我的书写了。【答案】he has tld
1．clne vt._____________________2．edit vi. &vt.________________________3．artificially adv._____________________4．barrier n._____________________5．identical n.________________________
克隆，使无性繁殖 编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接 人为地，虚假地 障碍，壁垒 完全相同的，非常相似的
6．twin n._____________________7．frever adv._____________________8．camel n._____________________9．cattle n._____________________10．gat n._____________________11．cmparisn n._____________________
双胞胎中的一个 永远；长久地 骆驼 牛 山羊 比较
12．reprductive adj._____________________13．whlly adv._____________________14．clue n._____________________15．accurate adj._____________________16．treatment n.______________________________17．emtin n._____________________
繁殖的，生殖的 完全地 线索，提示 准确的，正确的 诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式 强烈的感情，激情
18．crucial adj._____________________19．bund adj._____________________20．mere adj._______________________________21．abuse vt. &n._____________________22．blessing n._____________________
至关重要的，关键性的 很有可能，肯定会 仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的 滥用，妄用；虐待 福气，幸运
1．一定做某事_____________________2．请某人吃……_____________________3．滥用某人的权利_____________________4．比……差_____________________5．依靠，取决于_____________________
be bund t d sth. treat sb. t… abuse ne’s pwer be inferir t sth. depend n
6．到目前为止_____________________7．说服某人做某事_____________________8．起初_____________________9．lead t_____________________10．make an exact cpy f_____________________11．attempt t d sth._____________________
s far persuade sb. t d sth. at first 导致；通向 精确复制 试图做某事
12．as well_____________________13．be viewed as…_____________________14．have the ptential t d sth._____________________15．in a shrt amunt f time_____________________16．pint f view_____________________
也，还 被看做…… 有潜力做某事 在很短的时间内 观点
1．(P53)…a huge breakthrugh that might lead t cures fr varius diseases and may als ffer clues n ________ ________ ________(怎样预防)the aging prcess. (疑问词＋不定式)【答案】hw t prevent
2．(P53)________(尽管)sme peple believe it is crucial fr scientific advancement, thers raise mral cncerns. (while引导让步状语从句)【答案】While
3．(P55)________ ________ ________ ________(据报道)researchers all arund the wrld had been cnducting tests n animals, such as mice and dgs, fr many years…(it作形式主语)【答案】It is reprted that
一、阅读理解1．Which f the fllwing examples belngs t natural clning?A．Identical twins. B．Clning a sheep. C．Clning a lng-tailed mnkey. D．Clning a dg.
2．What was the first successfully clned animals?A．Tw lng-tailed mnkeys. B．A sheep named Dlly. C．A camel called Zhng Zhng. D．A gat named Hua Hua.
3．Which f the fllwing is NOT the ptential benefits f clning primates accrding t passage?A．It can result in cures fr varius diseases. B．It can ffer clues n hw t prevent the aging prcess. C．We can have the ptential t raise a number f mnkeys with identical genes in a shrt amunt f time. D．It can help increase research time and prvide mre accurate results.
4．Fr hw lng did Dr. Sun Qiang’s team wrk?A．Almst 100 days. B．Abut 24 mnths. C．Mre than 5 years. D．Abut seven weeks. 5．What is the writer’s attitude twards clning?A．Dubtful.B．Oppsed. C．Critical.D．Objective. 【答案】1—5 ABDCD
二、判断正误1．Clning is the prcess f making an exact cpy f an animal f a plant and develping it either artificially r naturally. 2．In 1986 a sheep named Dlly was successfully clned. 3．The sheep Dlly lived fr six and a half years, nly ne-third the life f the sheep frm which she was clned.
4．It was Chinese scientists wh annunced the clning f tw lng-tailed mnkeys in January in 2018．5．Dr. Sun Qiang’s team succeeded in clning a mnkey with ease. 6．We are sure f what will happen t Zhng Zhng and Hua Hua. 【答案】1—6 TFFTFF
【答案】Para. 1：B Para. 2：A Para. 3：E Para. 4：F Para. 5：D Para. 6：C
1．lead t导致(P52)This has led t questins such as…【翻译】这就导致了诸如……的问题。
【语言提升】lead vi. &vt. 导致；通向；引导；过(某种生活)lead sb. t d sth. 引导某人做某事lead a…life过着……生活leader n. 领导leading adj. 主要的；领导的
Excuse me, des this rad lead t the railway statin?请问，这条路通向火车站吗？T lead a happy life is the villagers’ hpe. 过上幸福生活是村里人的祈盼。Ding what yu lve may lead yu t find a way t make mney. 做你喜欢的事可能会让你找到赚钱的方法。
【温馨提示】表示“导致”的短语还有：result in, bring abut。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Lack f exercise can lead ________ feelings f depressin and exhaustin. (2)T lead ________ regular life is beneficial t gd health. (3)Our guide led us ________(pass)thrugh the thick frest. (4)The new evidence led t him ________(arrest)by the plice. 【答案】(1)t (2)a (3)t pass (4)being arrested
完成句子(5)He still believed that hnesty and hard wrk wuld ________ ________ success. 他仍然相信诚实加勤奋就能通向成功。【答案】lead t
2．cmparisn n. 比较(P52)In cmparisn with ther species, clning primates has prved t be “much harder”…【翻译】与其他物种相比，克隆灵长类动物已证明“更难”……。
【语言提升】in/by cmparisn with…和……相比In cmparisn with last year, the price f beef has increased. 与去年相比，牛肉的价格上涨了。
cmpare vt. 比较；将……比作cmpare…with…把……和……相比Managers analyse their cmpany’s data and cmpare it with the data n their cmpetitrs. 经理们分析他们公司的数据并与其竞争者的数据进行比较。
cmpare…t… 把……和……相比；把……比作……We ften cmpare the children t the flwers f the cuntry. 我们常把孩子比作祖国的花朵。cmpared with/t…和……相比Our greenhuse is nthing cmpared with yurs. 我们这个温室比起你们那个简直是小巫见大巫。
cmpare ntes (with sb. )(与某人)交换意见Mther and Mrs. Barker like t cmpare ntes abut cking. 母亲和巴科太太喜欢就烹调交换意见。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)The telecm industry in Australia is very small ________ cmparisn with the rest f the wrld. (2)It is difficult t make a ________(cmpare)with her previus bk—they are cmpletely different. (3)My wn prblems seem small ________(cmpare)with ther peple’s. 【答案】(1)in/by (2)cmparisn (3)cmpared
完成句子(4)These tw scientists ften ________ ________ ________ each ther n their research prjects. 这两位科学家在研究工作方面常常交换意见。(5)Yung peple are ften ________ ________ the rising sun. 年轻人常被比作初升的太阳。【答案】(4)cmpare ntes with (5)cmpared t
3．attempt n. &vi. 尝试；试图(P52)Fr years, there had been attempts t clne animals artificially. 【翻译】多年来，人们一直试图人工克隆动物。
【语言提升】make an attempt t d sth. /at ding sth. 尝试/试图做某事She made an attempt t vercme her weaknesses. 她努力克服自己的缺点。at the first attempt 第一次尝试He finished the game successfully at the first attempt. 他第一次尝试就成功地完成了比赛。
attempt t d sth. 尝试/试图做某事He had attempted t rescue the drwning man. 他曾试图去救那个溺水的男人。attempted adj. 蓄意的；未遂的attempted murder/escape谋杀/逃跑未遂She was sentenced t twenty years’ imprisnment fr pisning and attempted murder. 她因投毒和谋杀未遂而被判处了20年监禁。
【语境助记】He made an attempt t practice and attempted t pass the driving test at the first attempt. 他努力训练，试图在第一次尝试时就通过驾驶考试。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)She was prud as a peacck when she passed her driving test ________ the first attempt. (2)They are attempting ________(climb)the steepest part f Munt Tai. (3)She has been charged with the ________(attempt)murder f her husband. 【答案】(1)at (2)t climb (3)attempted
一句多译(4)我认为你应该尽力抓住这个机会来更进一步学习中国的传统文化。→I think that yu shuld _____ _____ _____ this pprtunity t learn traditinal Chinese culture further. (attempt vt. )→I think that yu shuld ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ this pprtunity t learn traditinal Chinese culture further. (attempt n. )
→I think that yu shuld ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ this pprtunity t learn traditinal Chinese culture further. (attempt n. )【答案】attempt t grasp; make an attempt t grasp; make an attempt at grasping
4．treatment n. 治疗，疗法；对待；处理；待遇(P53)This culd help save research time, reduce the number f animals required fr testing, prduce mre accurate results, and lead t mre effective treatments. 【翻译】这有助于节省研究时间，减少测试所需的动物数量，产生更准确的结果，并带来更有效的治疗。
【语言提升】treatment n. 治疗，疗法；对待；处理；待遇We dn’t want any special treatment. 我们不需要任何特殊待遇。
treat vt. 治疗；对待；款待treat sb. fr…给某人医治……The by was treated fr a minr head wund. 那个男孩因头部轻伤而接受治疗。treat…as…把……看作……Older peple shuld nt be treated as secnd-class citizens. 不应把老年人当二等公民对待。
treat sb. t… 请某人吃/享用……She was always treating him t ice cream. 她总请他吃冰淇淋。treat n. 款待Her enthusiastic treat made us very happy. 她的热情款待使我们感到非常高兴。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Many patients are nt getting the medical ________ (treat) they need. (2)Plice say they’re treating it ________ a case f attempted murder. (3)Tmrrw I’ll treat myself ________ a gd rest. 【答案】(1)treatment (2)as (3)t
完成句子(4)The by is ________ ________ ________ a high fever at present. 这个男孩目前正在接受高烧治疗。【答案】being treated fr
5．cncern n. 关心；担心vt. 使担心；涉及，关系到(P53)While sme peple believe it is crucial fr scientific advancement, thers raise mral cncerns. 【翻译】虽然有些人认为这对科学进步至关重要，但其他人提出了道德问题。
【语言提升】It cncerned her that her sn hadn’t been back hme. 她儿子没有回家，这使她很担心。She hasn’t been seen fr fur days and there is cncern fr her safety. 她已四天不见踪影，大家对她的安全很担心。
cncerned adj. 担心的；关心的；有关的be cncerned abut担心；关心Investrs weren’t cncerned abut shrt-term prfits ver the next few years. 投资者不关心今后几年里的短期收益。
be cncerned with…与……有关This activity is cncerned with building a mre beautiful campus. 这个活动与建设一个更美丽的校园有关。
cncerning prep. 关于Fr mre infrmatin cncerning the club, cntact Mr. Cldwell. 想了解更多有关该俱乐部的信息，请跟科德韦尔先生联系。as far as sb. be cncerned在某人看来As far as I’m cncerned, sprts are f great benefit t yu. 在我看来，体育运动对你有好处。
【语境助记】As far as I am cncerned, there’s n need t cncern yurself with this matter. Dn’t get invlved in what desn’t cncern yu. There are many imprtant things cncerning yu, s yu shuld be mre cncerned abut that. 在我看来，你没有必要担心这件事。不要管那些与你无关的事情。关于你的重要的事情很多，所以你更应该关心这样的事。
【针对练习】(1)________(cncern)abut the student, the teacher called his parents t find ut why he was s ften absent frm class. (2)As far as I’m ________(cncern), nt nly des utdr exercise get us clse t nature but als give relaxatin frm heavy schlwrk. (3)Yu shwed me sme phts ________ (cncern) envirnmental prtectin. 【答案】(1)Cncerned (2)cncerned (3)cncerning
完成句子(4)His jb ________ ________ ________ cmputer, s he is gd at perating the cmputers. 他的工作与计算机有关，所以他很擅长操作计算机。【答案】is cncerned with
6．bund adj. 很有可能，肯定会(P53)They believe it is bund t lead t clning f ther species, and they wrry abut the ethical questins this raises. 【翻译】他们相信这必然会导致克隆其他物种，并担心由此引发的伦理问题。
【语言提升】be bund t d sth. 一定会做某事；有责任/有义务做某事We are bund t cut dwn the expenses. 我们必须要削减开支。They are bund t take time t readjust after a hliday. 他们肯定需要时间重新适应假期结束后的生活。
bund fr…准备前往……I barded the plane bund fr England. 我登上了飞往英格兰的飞机。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Take it easy! Yu are bund ________(pass)the exam. (2)The plane bund ________ the fld-stricken area carried medical and fd. 【答案】(1)t pass (2)fr
完成句子(3)Wars ________ ________ ________ cast a shadw n peple arund the wrld. 战争一定会给世界人民的心中留下阴影。【答案】are bund t
7．inferir adj. 低级别的，下级的；差的，次的(P53)Furthermre, clnes may be viewed as mere cpies f riginals thus being seen as inferir. 【翻译】此外，克隆可能被视为仅仅是原始物种的复制，因此被视为劣等物种。
【语言提升】be inferir t劣于；次于Mdern music is ften cnsidered inferir t that f the past. 现代音乐常被认为不如过去的。
【归纳拓展】be superir t优于；好于I’ve persnally never agreed with the view that either sex is superir t the ther. 我个人从未持有过一种性别比另一种性别优越的观点。
be senir t…比……年长；比……级别高My brther is senir t me by tw years. 家兄比我年长两岁。be junir t…比……年幼；比……级别低My jb is t supervise peple wh are junir t me. 我的职责是监督那些职位在我之下的人。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)These ranges are inferir ________ thse I bught last week. (2)It cannt be questined that the new methd is superir ________ the ld ne. 【答案】(1)t (2)t
完成句子(3)I was given the jb, despite the fact that Dminic ________ ________ ________ me. 尽管多米尼克的职位比我高，这项工作却分给了我。(4)His jb is t give instructins t peple ________ ________ him. 他的职责是指导职位在他之下的人。【答案】(3)is senir t (4)junir t
1．(P53)…a huge breakthrugh that might lead t cures fr varius diseases and may als ffer clues n hw t prevent the aging prcess. 【翻译】……这一个巨大的突破，可能会导致治疗各种疾病，也可能提供如何防止衰老过程的线索。
【句式剖析】本句中hw t prevent为“疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作介词n的宾语。
I’m srry, I dn’t knw hw t answer the questin. 对不起，我不知道如何回答这个问题。Chsing what t eat is n lnger as easy as it nce was. (作宾语)选择吃什么已经不像以前那么简单了。It is said that when and where t have a meeting has been decided. (作主语)据说何时何地举行会议已经确定。
The questin many students are puzzled abut is hw t learn English well. (作表语)很多学生为之困惑的问题是怎样学好英语。I spent days thinking ver whether t take the jb r nt. (作宾语)我用了好些天苦苦思考是否接受这个工作。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)I knw where ________(find)that infrmatin. (2)Once we were discussing where ________(g)fr an uting. (3)When and where ________(discuss)the issue hasn’t been decided yet. 【答案】(1)t find (2)t g (3)t discuss
完成句子(4)也许最艰难的挑战就是没有朋友的话应该怎样生存。Perhaps the mst difficult challenge is ________ ________ ________ withut friends. 【答案】hw t survive
2．(P55)It is reprted that researchers all arund the wrld had been cnducting tests n animals, such as mice and dgs, fr many years…【翻译】据报道，许多年以来，世界各地的研究人员一直在动物身上进行实验，比如老鼠和狗。
【句式剖析】本句中It is reprted that…意为“据报道……”，it为形式主语，that后的从句为真正的主语。It is thught that an unusually cld climate has made the utbreak wrse than nrmal this year. 人们认为，今年非正常的寒冷天气恶化了此次疫情。
【归纳拓展】it作形式主语的情况：It＋be＋n. ＋t d sth. /that-clauseIt is a pity that yu can’t attend my wedding. 很遗憾你不能参加我的婚礼。It＋be＋过去分词＋that-clauseIt is said that Cang Jie created the Chinese writing system. 据说中国的汉字是仓颉发明的。
It takes sb. sme time t d sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。It tk the wrkers tw years t build the bridge. 工人们花了两年时间造这座桥。It is＋adj. ＋t d sth. /that-clauseS if yu are ging t visit a friend, it is necessary t make a reservatin. 因此如果你去拜访一个朋友，预约是很有必要的。
【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)It is ________(believe)that greenhuse gases are the main cause f glbal warming. (2)________ tk the wrkers five years t cmplete the prject. 【答案】(1)believed (2)It
完成句子(3)________ ________ ________ ________ ________ he died f illness n his way hme frm Africa in 1433．遗憾的是，1433年从非洲回国的路上他死于疾病。(4)________ ________ ________ ________ we keep that glden rule in mind. 我们有必要牢记这条金科玉律。【答案】(3)It is a pity that (4)It is necessary that
一、根据课文完成表格，每空不多于三个单词
【答案】1．cpy 2．naturally 3．sheep 4．lder5．Chinese scientists 6．mnkeys 7．cures8．hw t prevent 9．crucial 10．abuse11．blessing 12．mankind
二、课文语法填空Clning ccurs when an egg splits and creates identical twins. The first animals t be 1．________(successful)clned by scientists was a sheep called Dlly. Despite the initial success, she suffered frm an illness and died at 2．________ age f six. Since then, ther animals have been clned but have als experienced similar health prblems.
In 3．________(cmpare)with ther species, attempts t clne mnkeys have been far mre cmplicated and tk Chinese scientists many years. The reasn they wanted t break this technical barrier was 4．________ mnkey clning might ffer clues as t hw 5．________(cure)illness and disease. As the technlgy imprves and becmes mre accurate there wuld be even 6．________(great)benefits.
Althugh sme peple view clning as crucial fr medical and scientific 7．________(develp), thers wrry that this technlgy will lead 8．________ clning f ther species. There is a risk that this culd 9．________(abuse)by sme cmpanies r peple. Whether it is a blessing 10．________ a curse fr humanity depends n hw we chse t use it.
【答案】1．successfully 2．the 3．cmparisn 4．that5．t cure 6．greater 7．develpment 8．t9．be abused 10．r
三、概要写作根据课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin：A sheep named Dlly was the first mammal t be clned successfully(要点1). In 2018, China annunced that tw mnkeys had been clned(要点2).
This majr breakthrugh gives mre accurate results and might lead t cures fr varius diseases(要点3). Sme scientists insist that it is crucial fr scientific advancement(要点4). Hwever, thers raise mral cncerns and wrry the technlgy might be abused by sme rganizatins(要点5).
【例句观察】1．I have run ut f patience with her. 2．I have been wrking in an advertisement cmpany in the last tw years.
3．When I reached the ffice, I realized that I had left an imprtant dcument at hme. 4．Mr. Smith tld us that he had been writing the nvel fr tw and a half years.
【我的领悟】1．例句1中画线部分用的是________时态，这种时态的基本结构是________。2．例句2中画线部分用的是________时态，这种时态的基本结构是________。
3．例句3中画线部分用的是________时态，这种时态的基本结构是________。4．例句4中画线部分用的是________时态，这种时态的基本结构是________。
Keys：1．现在完成；has/have dne2．现在完成进行时；have/has been ding3．过去完成时；had dne4．过去完成进行时；had been ding
一、现在完成时1．现在完成时的构成主动形式：have/has dne被动形式：have/has been dne
2．现在完成时的用法(1)表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，常用recently，lately，ever，never，befre，yet，s far，up till nw，since，fr a lng time，in/during the past/last few years，these days等作时间状语。
He hasn’t heard any news frm his sn lately. 他最近没有听到他儿子的任何消息。S far n life has been fund utside the earth. 到目前为止，在地球之外还没有发现生命。He has learned 5，000 English wrds since he went t cllege. 自从上大学以来，他已经学会了5000个英语单词。
(2)在时间或条件状语从句中，通常用现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示将来某一时刻前已完成的动作：Tell me what yu think f the bk when yu’ve read it. 你看完这本书后，告诉我你的想法。We’ll start at 2 ’clck pm if it has stpped raining by then. 如果那时雨停了的话，我们将于下午2点开始。
(3)“This/It is＋the＋序数词＋time＋that…” 句式中，that后的从句用现在完成时。This is the secnd time that I have visited the university. 这是我第二次参观这所大学。
二、现在完成进行时1．现在完成进行时的构成：have/has been ding2．现在完成进行时的用法(1)表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在而且会继续进行下去的动作。He has been lying in bed fr tw weeks. 他已经在床上两周了。
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。I have been calling him several times this mrning，but there is n answer. 我今天上午给他打了好几次电话，但没人接。
3．现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时强调“动作”的持续性，表示“未完成”的含义；现在完成时则强调“时间”的经过或动作产生的“结果”，表示“已完成”的含义。I have watered the flwers. 我已经给花浇过水了。(已完成：你不必浇了)I have been watering the flwers. 我一直在给花浇水。(未完成：一直在浇)
三、过去完成时1．过去完成时的构成主动形式：had dne被动形式：had been dne
2．过去完成时的用法(1)过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。When I wke up, it had already stpped raining. 当我醒来时，雨已经停了。
(2)过去完成时常常用在tld, said, knew, heard, thught等动词后的宾语从句中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。I thught I had sent the letter a week befre. 我以为前一周我寄了那封信的。
(3)“This/It was＋the＋序数词＋time＋that…” 句式中，that后的从句用过去完成时。It was the third time that he had been ut f wrk that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业。(4)by the time＋从句(从句用一般过去时)，主句用过去完成时。By the time I went utside，the bus had already left. 我到外面去的时候，车已经开走了。
(5)N sner＋had sb/sth. dne＋than (一般过去时)表示“一……就……”Hardly＋had sb/sth. dne＋when (一般过去时)表示“一……就……”
N sner had entered the rm than the telephne rang. 他刚走进房间，电话铃就响了。Hardly had he gne t bed when there was a knck n the dr. 他刚上床就听到敲门声。
四、过去完成进行时1．过去完成进行时的构成：had been ding2．过去完成进行时的用法(1)过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
I had been lking fr it fr days befre I fund it. 这东西我找了好多天才找着的。 They had nly been waiting fr the bus a few mments when it came. 他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
(2)表示反复的动作。 He had been mentining yur name t me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。 Yu had been giving me everything. 你对我真是有求必应。
(3)过去完成进行时还可用在said，suppsed等引起的间接引语中，代替现在完成进行时。He said，“I have been speaking t Jhn. ”(直接引语)＝He said that he had been speaking t Jhn. (间接引语)
(4)过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句。 I had nly been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。 She’d nly been reviewing her lessns fr a shrt while when her little sister interrupted her. 她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。
一、单句语法填空1．Tm ________(wrk)in the library every night ver the last three mnths. 【答案】has been wrking2．In rder t find the missing child, villagers ________ (d)all they can ver the past five hurs. 【答案】have been ding
3．They ________(wrk)n the prgram fr almst ne week befre I jined them. 【答案】had been wrking4．They ________(plant)six hundred trees befre last Wednesday. 【答案】had planted
5．S far we ________(learn)3，000 English wrds. 【答案】have learned6．The by was delighted with his new strybk which he ________(want)fr a lng time. 【答案】had been wanting7．The friendly relatins and cperatin between ur tw cuntries ________(strengthen)in the past few years. 【答案】have been strengthened
8．His brther was gd at playing table tennis. He ________ (play)it since he was ten. 【答案】had been playing9．The girl has a great interest in sprt and ________ (take)badmintn classes twice a week ver the last three years. 【答案】has been taking
10．During the last three decades, the number f peple participating in physical fitness prgrams ________ (increase) sharply. 【答案】has increased
二、完成句子1．It was midnight and he was tired because he ________ ________ ________ since dawn. 已经是午夜了，他很累，因为他从天亮就一直在工作。【答案】had been wrking
2．In the last few years, China ________ ________ ________ ________ in envirnmental prtectin. 在过去的几年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大的成就。【答案】has made great achievements
3．I ________ ________ ________ the nvel by the time my mther came hme. 到我妈妈回家的时候，我已经读完了这本小说。【答案】had finished reading
4．I ________ ________ ________ ________ the prgram since fur years ag. 我从四年前就开始从事这个项目了。【答案】have been wrking n
5．Since the recent river pllutin in Shanxi Prvince, peple ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ t the water quality. 自从山西省河流污染问题出现以来，人们一直越来越关注水质。【答案】have been paying mre and mre attentin
6．Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ ________ ________ ________ make ur envirnment mre beautiful. 自从人类开始园艺，我们一直在努力使我们的环境更美丽。【答案】have been trying t
7．There ________ ________ ________ ________ here fr nearly tw mnths. 这里已经近两个月没下雨了。【答案】has been n rain
8．The telephne ________ ________ ________ fr three minutes befre it was answered. 电话铃响了三分钟才有人接。【答案】had been ringing
9．The man ________ ________ ________ in the sun fr a lng time and gt his face burnt. 那个人在太阳下站了很长时间，脸都晒伤了。【答案】had been standing
10．N sner ________ ________ ________ ________ the TV than there was a pwer failure. 她刚打开电视就停电了。【答案】had she turned n
一、单词拼写1．The majrity f cntracts give the publisher the right t ________ (编辑)a bk after it’s dne. 2．The parents have n right t ________(虐待)their children. 3．It is bviusly an unfair ________(比较). 4．These apples are ________(次的)t thse n the shelf. 【答案】1．edit 2．abuse 3．cmparisn 4．inferir
5．The tw pictures are similar, althugh nt ________(完全相同的). 6．Lack f cnfidence is a psychlgical ________(障碍)t success. 7．It tk her a ________(仅仅)20 minutes t win the chess game. 【答案】5．identical 6．barrier 7．mere/nly
8．He regained his listening after receiving ________(治疗). 9．My heart was beating wildly but I didn’t let my face shw any ________(情感). 10．Parents play a(an)________(至关重要的)rle in preparing their child fr schl. 【答案】8．treatment 9．emtin 10．crucial
二、单句语法填空1．If yu take n the prject, yu are bund ________(meet) with difficulties. 2．They agreed t g ________(mere)because they were getting paid fr it. 3．Rivers are a ________(bless)fr an agricultural cuntry. 【答案】1．t meet 2．merely 3．blessing
4．They have kept the price f sugar ________(artificial)high. 5．It was ________(whle)different frm what we expected. 6．The plice were trying t seek fr all pssible ________ (clue) t the murder. 7．We shuld train ur students t speak English fluently and ________(accurate). 【答案】4．artificially 5．whlly 6．clues 7．accurately
8．Mthers are ften the nes wh prvide ________ (emtin) supprt fr the family. 9．I ________(wrk)fr sme time when he called. 10．Air pllutin ________(take)the lives f many peple. 【答案】8．emtinal 9．had been wrking 10．has taken
三、完成句子1．By the time he was twelve, he ________ ________ ________ mre than 20 cuntries. 到12岁时，他已经去过20多个国家。【答案】had travelled t
2．He ________ ________ ________ the nvel fr three hurs and he ________ ________ it. 这本小说他已经看了三个小时了，还没有读完。【答案】has been reading；hasn’t finished
3．I thught that he ________ ________ ________ ________ learning English in the past tw hurs in the rm. 我原以为他在房间里两个小时以来一直在专心学习英语。【答案】had been absrbed in
4．Culd yu figure ut ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the cming meeting?你能想出如何安排这次会议吗？【答案】hw t make arrangements fr
5．It is the third time ________ ________ ________ me t pay attentin t my handwriting. 这是他第三次叫我注意我的书写了。【答案】he has tld
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