英语必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration导学案

这是一份英语必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration导学案，共7页。


阅读教材P44中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Why are sme peple against space explratin accrding t the passage？Because they think ．
A．it csts t much time and mney
B．it might feed the wrld's pr
C．it may result in pllutin and fatal diseases
D．it fails t realise the imprtance f space explratin
2．Which f the fllwing is NOT the benefit f explring space?
A．Fighting against wrld hunger.
B．Helping farming t grw mre fd.
C．Changing the data n land and weather patterns.
D．Prmting technlgical imprvements arund the wrld.
3．What did the picture f Earth frm space make peple realise?
A．We are living n a island.
B．Our earth's resurces are limited.
C．We can find ways in the black sea.
D．Mars is the best planet t live n.
[答案] 1－3 ACB
Wrds and Phrases
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏
(教材P42)Astrnauts' bnes and muscles can get very weak in space due t the lack f gravity，s they need t exercise every day，which will help them stay healthy.
在太空中由于缺乏引力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得很弱，因此他们需要每天进行锻炼，这有助于他们保持健康。
[例1] She shwed a lack f humur.
她缺乏幽默感。
[例2] He didn't g there because he lacked curage.
他没去那里，因为他缺乏勇气。
[知识拓展]
(1)lack sth. 缺少某物
(2)a lack f... ……的缺乏
fr lack f... 因缺乏……
have n lack f... 不缺乏……
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺乏；缺少
[名师点津] lack作名词时常与介词f连用；作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态)，也可用作不及物动词；形容词lacking常与in连用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Mre and mre high­rise buildings have been built in big cities fr lack f space.
②Thugh lacking(lack) mney，he sent his sn t cllege.
③他缺乏做那项工作的勇气。
He is lacking in curage t d the wrk.
④缺乏睡眠会危害鸟的健康。
Lack f sleep culd put the birds' health at risk.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) argue vi.&vt.论证；争辩；争论
(教材P44)Sme peple argue that we shuld stp wasting time and mney explring space.
有些人主张我们应该停止浪费时间和钱财来探索太空。
[例1] He argued with Mary abut the best place fr a hliday.
他和玛丽为最好的度假地点而争吵。
[例2] The wrkers argued fr their right t strike.
工人们为他们罢工的权力而辩护。
[知识拓展]
(1)argue fr... 为……而争论；为……而辩护
argue against 争辩(反对……)
argue that...(shuld) d sth. 主张……
argue with sb.n/abut/ver sth. 与某人争辩某事
argue sb.int/ut f ding sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n. 争论；争辩；论点
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Hw I regretted arguing with her abut the imprtant questin, which made us all unhappy.
②We tried many ways t argue him int fllwing ur advice, but in vain.
③The same argument(argue) des nt hld gd in every case.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) result in导致；造成
(教材P44)It has directly resulted in the many satellites that nw rbit Earth.
它已经直接制造了很多现在绕地球运行的卫星。
[例1] They als agree that it is the burning f mre and mre fssil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbn dixide.
他们还赞同正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。
[例2] It had rained heavily fr weeks，which resulted in severe fld in this area.
大雨已下了几周，造成了这个地区的严重水灾。
[知识拓展]
(1)result in为及物动词短语，表示“导致”的意思，其同义词有cause(引起)，bring abut(引起；导致；致使)；lead t(导致)；cntribute t(有助于；向……投稿)等。
(2)result frm 由……产生
as a result f 由于……的原因
as a result 结果
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①As we all knw，his hard wrk resulted in his success.
②As we all knw，his success resulted frm his hard wrk.
③由于辛勤的工作，她成功了。
She succeeded as a result f her hard wrk.
④他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
He made a big mistake，and as a result，he lst his jb.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) run ut用完；耗尽
(教材P45)It is necessary t find a new hme fr peple in space，as the resurces n Earth will run ut.
在太空中找到新家园对人类来说是很有必要的，因为地球的资源会耗尽。
[例1] Fd supplies had run ut twards the end f the trip.
在旅行快结束时，食物已经吃完了。
[例2] Our time is running ut.
我们的时间快没了。
[知识拓展]
(1)run ut f 用完；用光；用尽
give ut 耗尽；筋疲力尽
use up 用完；耗尽
(2)run fr 竞选；匆匆去取
run acrss 偶然遇到
run int 撞上；遇到；邂逅
run thrugh 浏览；跑着穿过
[明辨异同]
run ut f，run ut，give ut，use up
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Fd supplies in the fld­stricken area are running ut．We must act immediately befre there's nne left.
②The taxi ran int the bike and the man n the bike was thrwn ff.
③She ran acrss an ld friend f hers n the way t the statin.
[小片段助记]
Wrse luck！First, fd and drinking water had been used up befre we reached the destinatin.Then, my husband was speeding up the car when it suddenly brke dwn. It turned ut that the gas had run ut.S we had t walk ahead alng the rad until my strength gave ut.We finally made ur way t a small htel but t ur despair, we fund we had used up/run ut f ur mney.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点5) attach vt.系；绑；贴
(教材P46)While sleeping，they must attach themselves t smething s as t prevent flating arund.
在睡觉的时候，他们必须把自己系在某个东西上以防止到处飘浮。
[例1] Please attach labels t the luggage.
请把行李贴上标签。
[例2] In the new century，we still shuld attach imprtance t the develpment f ecnmy.
在新世纪，我们仍然要重视经济发展。
[知识拓展]
(1) 把……固定/附在……上
attach great imprtance/significance t sth.
认为……非常/很有意义
(2)attached adj. 附加的；依恋的
be attached t 附属于；依恋
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My parents always attach imprtance t my getting a gd educatin.
②This hspital attached(attach) t the medical cllege nearby was destryed in the fld.
③This hspital is attached(attach) t the medical cllege nearby.
如何做文章主旨大意题
文章主旨大意题旨在考查考生的归纳总结能力以及对文章整体的理解和把握能力，要求考生通过快速浏览全文，辨别主要信息和次要信息，并对这些主要信息加以理解和归纳，准确获取语篇的主旨大意。这类题目常就文章的中心思想或文章标题设问，考查整篇文章的中心思想。
[例文]
★What is the text mainly abut?
A．A mathematical methd.
B．A scientific study.
C．A wman psychlgist.
D．A teaching prgram.
B [主旨大意题。本文主要围绕心理学家苏珊·莱文的一项研究而展开，具体介绍了该研究的对象、方法及发现，最后还提到该研究发表在一本学术刊物上。故选B项。]
[即学即练] 快速确定下面主旨大意题的答案
The biggest challenge faced by travellers especially thse wh like t g hiking is hw t ensure a steady supply f clean clthes. Nw, thanks t a great inventin called Scrubba Wash Pack, that wrry may be a thing f the past.
The prtable(手提的) washing machine was invented by Ash Newland in 2010, while he was planning t climb Kilimanjar.Bthered abut the limited packing space, he gt inspiratin (灵感) frm traditinal washbards t create a bag that culd be used t clean clthes.Then he gave up his career as a lawyer and fcused n perfecting the bag's design. By 2012, the bag was ready fr the public. It weighed nly 180 grams and required very little strage space, making it perfect fr anyne wishing t travel light.
Nt surprisingly, the bag wrth 55 dllars was an instant hit amng travellers, university students and even passengers. Hwever，Newland was nt satisfied. He still saw a flaw (缺点) with his inventin—dirty clthes had t be carried in a separate bag! The recently intrduced Scrubba Wash Pack slves that prblem.
In rder t make the pack active, dirty clthes are placed inside the bag alng with tw t three liters f water. The bag is then shut tightly t ensure all air is squeezed ut (挤出去) and the clthes are rubbed fr a few minutes. After a quick wash, they are clean and ready t be dried. Accrding t Newland, the pack can clean anything frm jeans t smelly scks! What's even mre amazing is that with a capacity t hld 13 liters f water, it can be used t wash mre clthes at a time.
The best part is that the 99­dllar pack that will be available fr sale in the near future, nly weighs 300 grams and is cmpletely fldable, making it easy t stre when it's nt in use.With the Scrubba Wash Pack, wandering thrugh freign cities searching fr a washing shp, r paying fr washing machines may sn be a thing f the past!
★What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Intrducing a great new inventin.
B．Explaining the develpment f backpacks.
C．Listing sme cmmn prblems fr travellers.
D．Cmparing tw kinds f washing machines.
A [主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文讲述了Scrubba Wash Pack的发明过程及其优点和功能，故本文主要介绍了一项新发明。]run ut f
是及物动词短语，通常以人作主语，相当于use up，表示“用完；用尽”
run ut
是不及物动词短语，通常以物作主语，相当于give ut
give ut
可表示物“用完”或人“筋疲力尽”；还表示“发出；分发；宣布”等
use up
是及物动词短语，表示“用完；用尽”，相当于run ut f
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ，B)Sme parents will buy any high­tech ty if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with math­related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine，an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children at the University f Chicag，fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills.Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents' incme，educatin and the amunt f parent talk，Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child­parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt，n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转) and translate shapes，”Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld，and abut half f the children in the study played with puzzles at ne time.Higher­incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently，and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills.Hwever，bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls，and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
方法技巧：
做主旨大意题要注意不同题材的特点，具体问题具体分析：
(1)记叙文通常按时间先后或事情发展顺序来叙述，一般可以概括为“何人何时何地去做何事”。假如不是特别强调其中某一项，一般可缩写成“何人做何事”。
(2)夹叙夹议类的文章，其中心思想往往不会在第一段。作者通常会先讲一个小故事，从而引出文章的中心思想，再用另一个故事再次证实这个中心思想，接着进行议论。这一类文章的中心思想通常就体现在两个故事之间的那个段落的内容之中。
(3)说明文、议论文或新闻报道类文章的主题通常出现在首段或末段。第一段给出作者的观点或引出将要叙述的事物，而末段则总结全文。因此，在阅读议论文、说明文或新闻报道类文章时，要留意首段和末段的信息，寻找全文中概括性的语句，通常这就是文章的主题所在。