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2021年中考语法专项 句子种类讲解课件
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这是一份2021年中考语法专项 句子种类讲解课件，共27页。PPT课件主要包含了祈使句的表现形式 ，How，What，What a，What an，完成下列的感叹句，Which，When，What time，Where等内容，欢迎下载使用。
英语的句子按照用途可分为四类：1. 陈述句2. 疑问句3. 祈使句4. 感叹句
判断一下句子的种类My father decided t buy a car. D yu like bananas?I didn’t get up at six ’clck this mrning.Wuld yu like sme juice r tea?Have a gd hliday!What a beautiful flwer it is! Hw lng will yu stay here?
(一)陈述句 用来陈述一件事实或表达说话者看法的句子叫作陈述句，句末用句号表示句子的陈述结束。陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。 I like apples. Tm is nt gd at English.
否定句的变化1. 含有be动词的句子（现在/过去进行时，被动语态），直接在be动词加nt。He is my teacher.He is nt (isn't) my teacher.They are cleaning the rm. They are nt (aren't) cleaning the rm. He was elected as the mnitr.He was nt (wasn't) elected as the mnitr.
2. 含有助动词的句子（一般将来时，现在/过去完成时，含有情态动词），直接加nt。He will finish his reprt in tw days.He will nt (wn't)finish his wrk in tw days.We have been t Beijing twice.We have nt (haven't)been t Beijing twice.I can g there by bus.I can nt (can't) g there by bus.
3. 没有be词或助动词的句子中， 需要借助助动词d/des/did, 然后再加nt。I g t schl n ft.I d nt (dn't) g t schl n ft.The English begins at 8 every day.The class des nt(desn't)begin at 8 every day.They did their hmewrk last night.They did nt(didn't) d their hmewrk last night.
(二)祈使句祈使句表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、建议、请求或命令等。主语yu通常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。表达请求或劝告时，祈使句句末或句首可以加上please表示委婉的语气。
祈使句的否定：(1)D型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dn’t构成。①Dn’t frget me! Dn’t make such a nise.②Dn’t be late fr schl!
(2)Let型的否定式有两种：Dn’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分Let+宾语+nt+动词原形+ 其他成分Dn’t let him g./Let him nt g. Let’s/Let us /Let me +nt +动词原形+其他Let’s nt say anything abut it.Let me nt have a rest.
(3)有些可用n开头，用来表示禁止性。结构：N + 名词/动名词！N phts!N pets!N smking! N parking!
(三) 感叹句1.感叹句的概念 感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等感情的句子，感叹句用感叹号“！”。
1. What引导的感叹句。结构1：What a/an adj 单数名词 主语 谓语！多么聪明的一个男孩！What a clever by he is! 如此漂亮的一座城市！What a beautiful city it is! 真是一个不错的主意!What a nice idea it is!
结构2：What adj 名词（复数/不可数）主谓！好聪明的猴子啊！What clever mnkeys they are！ 如此冷的天气！What cld weather it is! 多么清澈的水！What clear water it is!
2. Hw引导的感叹句，hw用来修饰形容词或副词。结构：Hw + 形容词/副词+ (主语+谓语)！这个男孩子真聪明！Hw clever the by is! 火车跑得真快！Hw fast the train runs!
1. __________ difficult hmewrk we had yesterday! 2. __________ cute dg it is!3. __________ interesting the stry is!4. __________ bad the weather in England is!5. __________ hnest by Tm is ！6. __________ gd time we had n the beach yesterday!7. __________ carefully he did his hmewrk!
(四)疑问句用来表示提问的句子叫作疑问句，句末用问号。疑问句包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种。1. Is she frm China ? 2. When is yur birthday? 3. Is this a dg r a cat? 4. Yu are a student, aren’t yu?
一般疑问句变化：提前句中的助动词、be动词、情态动词。1. The classrm is cleaned every day.Is the classrm cleaned every day?2. They msut leave fr Lanzhu at nce.Must they leave fr Lanzhu at nce?3. She always watches TV n Sundays.Des she always watch Tv n Sundays?
2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是就句子中某一部分进行提问的疑问句。疑问词分为两类：疑问代词: what, wh, whm (wh的宾格), whse (谁的), which (哪个)疑问副词: when, where, why, hw
1. ________ wuld yu like t be in the future?2. -- ________ girl is yur sister? -- The ne in red. 3. -- ________ shall we g t the z? -- Next Mnday.4. -- ______________ d yu usually get up? -- I usually get up at 6 am.
5. _________ d yu cme frm?6. -- _______ are yu late fr schl? -- because f the heavy traffic. 7. -- __________ cmputer is that? -- That cmputer is Mary' s. 8. -- ________ d yu g t schl every day? -- On ft.
9. -- ______________ brthers d yu have? -- Tw.10. -- _____________ is the bk ? -- It is 12 yuan.11. -- _____________ have yu stayed here? -- I have stayed here fr 3 days.12. -- _____________ d yu play ftball? -- Twice a week. 13. -- _____________ will he be back?14. -- _____________ is it frm here t yur hme? -- Abut 5 kilmeters.
多少 （ 不可数名词）
多久（时间）或多长（长度）
3.选择疑问句用来在两种或两种以上情况中进行选择的疑问句叫作选择疑问句。答语不能用yes或n回答。Are yu a teacher r a dctr? D yu like Cke r juice?Shall we g there by bus r taxi?
Are yu a teacher r a dctr?1. I am a teacher.2. I am a dctr.3. Neither. I am a driver.
英语的句子按照用途可分为四类：1. 陈述句2. 疑问句3. 祈使句4. 感叹句
判断一下句子的种类My father decided t buy a car. D yu like bananas?I didn’t get up at six ’clck this mrning.Wuld yu like sme juice r tea?Have a gd hliday!What a beautiful flwer it is! Hw lng will yu stay here?
(一)陈述句 用来陈述一件事实或表达说话者看法的句子叫作陈述句，句末用句号表示句子的陈述结束。陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。 I like apples. Tm is nt gd at English.
否定句的变化1. 含有be动词的句子（现在/过去进行时，被动语态），直接在be动词加nt。He is my teacher.He is nt (isn't) my teacher.They are cleaning the rm. They are nt (aren't) cleaning the rm. He was elected as the mnitr.He was nt (wasn't) elected as the mnitr.
2. 含有助动词的句子（一般将来时，现在/过去完成时，含有情态动词），直接加nt。He will finish his reprt in tw days.He will nt (wn't)finish his wrk in tw days.We have been t Beijing twice.We have nt (haven't)been t Beijing twice.I can g there by bus.I can nt (can't) g there by bus.
3. 没有be词或助动词的句子中， 需要借助助动词d/des/did, 然后再加nt。I g t schl n ft.I d nt (dn't) g t schl n ft.The English begins at 8 every day.The class des nt(desn't)begin at 8 every day.They did their hmewrk last night.They did nt(didn't) d their hmewrk last night.
(二)祈使句祈使句表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、建议、请求或命令等。主语yu通常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。表达请求或劝告时，祈使句句末或句首可以加上please表示委婉的语气。
祈使句的否定：(1)D型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dn’t构成。①Dn’t frget me! Dn’t make such a nise.②Dn’t be late fr schl!
(2)Let型的否定式有两种：Dn’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分Let+宾语+nt+动词原形+ 其他成分Dn’t let him g./Let him nt g. Let’s/Let us /Let me +nt +动词原形+其他Let’s nt say anything abut it.Let me nt have a rest.
(3)有些可用n开头，用来表示禁止性。结构：N + 名词/动名词！N phts!N pets!N smking! N parking!
(三) 感叹句1.感叹句的概念 感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等感情的句子，感叹句用感叹号“！”。
1. What引导的感叹句。结构1：What a/an adj 单数名词 主语 谓语！多么聪明的一个男孩！What a clever by he is! 如此漂亮的一座城市！What a beautiful city it is! 真是一个不错的主意!What a nice idea it is!
结构2：What adj 名词（复数/不可数）主谓！好聪明的猴子啊！What clever mnkeys they are！ 如此冷的天气！What cld weather it is! 多么清澈的水！What clear water it is!
2. Hw引导的感叹句，hw用来修饰形容词或副词。结构：Hw + 形容词/副词+ (主语+谓语)！这个男孩子真聪明！Hw clever the by is! 火车跑得真快！Hw fast the train runs!
1. __________ difficult hmewrk we had yesterday! 2. __________ cute dg it is!3. __________ interesting the stry is!4. __________ bad the weather in England is!5. __________ hnest by Tm is ！6. __________ gd time we had n the beach yesterday!7. __________ carefully he did his hmewrk!
(四)疑问句用来表示提问的句子叫作疑问句，句末用问号。疑问句包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种。1. Is she frm China ? 2. When is yur birthday? 3. Is this a dg r a cat? 4. Yu are a student, aren’t yu?
一般疑问句变化：提前句中的助动词、be动词、情态动词。1. The classrm is cleaned every day.Is the classrm cleaned every day?2. They msut leave fr Lanzhu at nce.Must they leave fr Lanzhu at nce?3. She always watches TV n Sundays.Des she always watch Tv n Sundays?
2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是就句子中某一部分进行提问的疑问句。疑问词分为两类：疑问代词: what, wh, whm (wh的宾格), whse (谁的), which (哪个)疑问副词: when, where, why, hw
1. ________ wuld yu like t be in the future?2. -- ________ girl is yur sister? -- The ne in red. 3. -- ________ shall we g t the z? -- Next Mnday.4. -- ______________ d yu usually get up? -- I usually get up at 6 am.
5. _________ d yu cme frm?6. -- _______ are yu late fr schl? -- because f the heavy traffic. 7. -- __________ cmputer is that? -- That cmputer is Mary' s. 8. -- ________ d yu g t schl every day? -- On ft.
9. -- ______________ brthers d yu have? -- Tw.10. -- _____________ is the bk ? -- It is 12 yuan.11. -- _____________ have yu stayed here? -- I have stayed here fr 3 days.12. -- _____________ d yu play ftball? -- Twice a week. 13. -- _____________ will he be back?14. -- _____________ is it frm here t yur hme? -- Abut 5 kilmeters.
多少 （ 不可数名词）
多久（时间）或多长（长度）
3.选择疑问句用来在两种或两种以上情况中进行选择的疑问句叫作选择疑问句。答语不能用yes或n回答。Are yu a teacher r a dctr? D yu like Cke r juice?Shall we g there by bus r taxi?
Are yu a teacher r a dctr?1. I am a teacher.2. I am a dctr.3. Neither. I am a driver.
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