初中人教新目标 (Go for it) 版Unit 6 When was it invented?综合与测试导学案

这是一份初中人教新目标 (Go for it) 版Unit 6 When was it invented?综合与测试导学案，共27页。

heel [hi:l] n. 鞋跟；足跟
scp [sku:p] n.勺; 铲子
electricity [ilektrisəti] n. 电；电能
style [stail] n.样式; 款式
prject [prədʒekt] n.项目；工程
pleasure [pleʒə(r)] n. 高兴；愉快
zipper [zipə(r)] n. (= zip) 拉链；拉锁
daily [deili] adj. 每日的；日常的
have a pint 有道理
website [websait] n.网站
pineer [paiəniə] n.先锋；先驱
list [list] v. 列表；列清单n. 名单；清单
mentin [menʃn] v. 提到；说到
by accident 偶然；意外地
ruler [ˈruːlə(r)] n.统治者；支配者
bil [bɔil] v. 煮沸；烧开
smell [smel] n. 气味v. 发出气味；闻到
saint [seint] n. 圣人；圣徒
take place 发生；出现
ppularity [ˌpɒpjuˈlærəti] n.受欢迎，普及
dubt [daut] n. 疑惑；疑问 v. 怀疑
withut dubt 毫无疑问；的确
fridge [fridʒ] n. 冰箱
lw [ləʊ] adj.低的，矮的
smebdy [ˈsʌmbədi] prn.某人 n.重要人物
translate [trænsleit] v. 翻译
lck [lɔk; la:k] v. 锁上；锁住
ring [rɪŋ] v.(使)发出钟声或铃声；打电话
earthquake [ ə:(r)θkweik] n.地震
sudden [sʌdən] adj. 突然（的）
all f a sudden 突然; 猛地
biscuit [biskit] n.饼干
ckie [kuki] n. 曲奇饼干
musical [ˈmjuːzɪkl] adj.音乐的，有音乐天赋的
instrument [instrumənt] n. 器械； 仪器；工具
crispy [krispi] adj. 脆的；酥脆的
salty [ˈsɔːlti] adj.咸的
sur [sauə(r)] adj. 酸的；有酸味的
by mistake 错误地；无意中
custmer [kʌstəmə (r)] n. 顾客；客户
the Olympics [əulimpiks] 奥林匹克运动会
Canadian [kəneidiən] a. n.加拿大; 人的
divide [divaid] v. 分开；分散
divide ... int 把⋯⋯分开
basket [ba:skit] n.篮；筐
nt als... 不但而且
lk up t 钦佩；仰慕
her [hiərəu] n.英雄；男主角
prfessinal adj.职业的，专业的
nearly [ˈnɪəli] adv.几乎

根据句意及首字母填空。
1. We shuld save e______________S please turn ff the light.
2. It's a big p___________t build such a tall building. We need three years t cmplete it
3. Will Jack cme t the party this Sunday?
Oh, he hasn't m____________the party
4. Tw hundred years has passed, but the ld building still r__________ there.
5.When we gt t the shp, we fund that the dr is l_________,s we had t g back hme.
6.I dn’t like these green apples, because they tastes t s__________.
7.All the c__________ can enjy a dish fr free in this restaurant.
8.The students were d___________ int tw grups t play a game.
9.He is a p_______________ basketball player and he plays in NBA club.
10.The famus writer’s bks have been t______________ int five languages.
短语归纳：
1. the style f……的样式
2 have a pint有道理
3. by accident. by chance偶然;意外地
4. make tea泡茶
5. be used fr被用于……
f想出,想起,考虑
6. think abut考虑
ver考虑
7. fall int落入;陷入甲
8. in ur daily life在我们的日常生活中
9. sme time一段时间
10. arund the wrld= all ver the wrld全世界
11. the nature f.……的本质
12. less than少于(反: mre than多于)
13. take place发生;出现;举行
14. in the 19th century.在19世纪
15. the ppularity f..…的普及
16.withut dubt毫无疑问;的确
17. at a lw price以低价
18. 把……翻译成
19. all f a sudden突然;猛地
20. wrk n从事;致力于
21. by mistake错误地;无意中
22. in the end= at last最后;最终
23. a ck called/named Gerge Crum一个名叫乔治·克拉姆的厨师
24. cme up with想出,提出
25. the Olympics奥林匹克运动会
26. divide. int把……分开
27. at the same time同时
28. stp/prevent/keep. frm ding.阻止……做…
29. dream f/abut梦想;向往
30. nt nly. but als.不但…而且
31. the number f…的数量
a number f.大量的……
32. lk up t钦佩;仰慕
33. achieve ne' s drean实现某人的梦想
34. take ntes记笔记
35. lead t导致
36.(be) similar t.…类似
用法集萃
1. such a/an+ad+单数可数名词如此……的一个…
ask 要求某人(不)做某事
teachsb. nt 教某人(不)做某事
encurage t d sth 鼓励某人(不)做某事
3.It is said that.据说…
believed that.人们认为…
4. need t d sth.需要做某事
5. be used t d sth.(= be used fr ding sth.)被用于做某事
知识点精讲
1.invent (v.)发明；创造
invent 指发明创造出自然界本来不存在的东西，如工具、方法、手段、汽车、电器、合成材料等。
【备课例句】
Bell invented the telephne. 贝尔发明了电话。
Smith invented a new teaching methd. 史密斯发明了一种新的教学方法。
【横向辐射】discver, find, create
【课堂变式】
2. be used fr 用来做……
此短语中的fr是介词，表示用途，后接名词或动词-ing形式。
【备课例句】
An range is used fr medicine. 桔子可以入药。
A pen is used fr writing. 钢笔用来写字。
【横向辐射】be used as& be used by
【课堂变式】
3. pleasure n. 高兴，愉快；
常用于口语中；it’s my pleasure. With pleasure.
【备课例句】
It’s my pleasure t help yu lk after yur pet cat.我感到很荣幸帮你照看你的宠物猫。
【横向辐射】please, pleased, pleasure, pleasant 的区别
【课堂变式】
4.When was it invented? 它是何时发明的？
本句用于询问某个物品的发明时间，结构为“When + was+某项物品+invented？”，其中was invented是一般过去时的被动语态，其基本结构是“was/were + 过去分词”
【备课例句】
This bk was bught yesterday. 这本书是昨天买的。
【横向辐射】几种基本时态的被动语态
【课堂变式】
5.remain (v.) 保持；剩余；残余
remain意为“停留，留下”，相当于stay。“呆在那里”可以说remain / stay there，但“呆在家里”只能说stay (at) hme。
【备课例句】
She remains in the huse all these days. 她这些天一直呆在那栋房子里。
They all wished us t remain. 他们都希望我们留下来。
【横向辐射】remain作连系动词
【课堂变式】
6. by accident偶然地；意外地
【备课例句】
He made this mistake by accident.他犯这个错误纯属偶然。
【课堂变式】
b. 句式包：
1. In England, tea didn’t appear until arund 1660.在英国，茶直到1660年才出现。
此句是由until引导的时间状语从句。nt.. until 意为“只到…才…”。
【备课例句】
She didn’t leave until I felt better.只到我感觉好点了，她才离开。
【横向辐射】until的用法
【课堂变式】
7.by mistake 错误地
by mistake 是介词短语，意为“错误地；无意地；不小心地”，指由于错误的判断而千百万的失误，常在句中作状语。
【备课例句】
I tk yur bag instead f mine by mistake. 我错拿了你的手提包，还以为是我的呢。
Susan frgt her key and lcked herself ut by mistake. 苏珊忘了带钥匙，误把自己关在门外了。
【横向辐射】…
【课堂变式】
8.Gerge wanted t make the custmer happy. 乔治想让顾客开心www-2-1-cnj句中的make意为“使得”，happy是形容词，作宾语yu的补足语，对宾语起补充说明作用，常用的结构为“make＋名词/代词＋形容词”。
【备课例句】
The bad news makes her sad. 那个坏消息使得她伤心不已。
A by brke the windw. It made the headmaster angry. 21m原创一个孩子打碎了玻璃。这使得校长很生气。
【温馨提示】
当宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语。
I made it a cnditin that everybdy must be n time. 我提出一个条件，人人都要准时。
The heavy rain made it impssible fr us t g ut. 大雨使得我们无法出去。
【横向辐射】make的其他相关句式
【课堂变式】
9.divide (v.) 分开；划分
divide …int 意为“把……划分为……” ，be divided int 意为“划分为”。
【备课例句】
This class is t large; we shall have t divide it fr ral practice.
这个班级太大,我们必须把它分成小班作口语练习。
This river divides at its muth. 这条河在河口处分岔。
His lecture divides int three parts.他的演讲分三部分。
Let's divide urselves int several grups. 我们分成几个小组吧。
【课堂变式】
10.It is believed that the first basketball game in histry was played n December 21st, 1891,. 人们认为1891年12月21日是历史上的第一次篮球比赛的日子。【版权本句中的It is believed that... 相当于peple believe that...是“人们相信/认为“的意思，that引导的是主语从句。
It is believed that by the year 2010, the ppulatin f the wrld will be seven billin.(=Peple believe that by the year 2010, the ppulatin f the wrld will be seven billin.)
人们都认为到2010年，世界人口将达到七十亿。
【横向辐射】类似的结构：
【课堂变式】
语法聚焦：
其他时态下的被动语态
主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
We visited that factry last summer 主动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
That factry was visited by us last summer 被动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比
二、被动语态的用法
1.什么情况下用被动语态？
（1）当我们不知道或没有必要说出动作的发生者是谁时，通常用被动语态。这种情况下，句子中不带由by引起的短语。例如:
The bk is written fr children. 这书是为孩子写的。
（2）当动作的承受者是谈话的中心时通常用被动语态。这时可以带by短语。
This pen was given t me by Tm.这支笔是汤姆给我的。
（3）无必要或不愿说出动作的发出者。这种情况通常是出于礼貌方面的考虑。
Smking is nt allwed here.这儿禁止吸烟。
2.怎样变主动语态为被动语态
把主动语态变为被动语态，可分作三步进行:
第一步:找出主动句的宾语，把它作为被动句的主语。
第二步:将谓语动词的主动语态变为被动语态（助动词be+及物动词的过去分词）。变为被动语态时，时态不要变化。
第三步:将原主动语态的主语（若是人称代词，须变为宾格）放在介词by后边组成by短语，放到句子的后边。如果我们没有必要说出动作的发出者，by短语则可以不要。例如:
He ften helps his brther. (主动语态)
His brther is ften helped by him.（被动语态）
【被动语态中考真题大练兵】
1. —Wuld yu please tell Miss Li that she as a vlunteer fr the 2008 Olympic Games?
—Of curse. I will tell her tmrrw.
A. chse B. chse C. has chsen D. is chsen 2*cm
2. We nt t play cmputer games.
A. are tld B. have tld C. tld D. tell
3. —Culd yu tell me whm the radi by?—Srry. I have n idea.
A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented
4. -Yur hmetwn has changed a lt.
—Yes. Take a lk at these tall buildings. They last year. 【来源教育·网】
A. build B. built C. was built D. were built
5. —Did yu g t Kang Kang’s birthday?—N, I .
A. wasn’t invited B. didn’t invite C. am nt invited【出处：师】
6. An English speech t the children tmrrw.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given
7. 根据汉语意思完成英语句子：
丢失的部件在船拖出水后被找到了。
The lst parts after the ship was f the water.
8. She used the knife t cut the fruit a mment ag.（改为被动语态）
The knife t cut the fruit by her a mment ag.
9. I sent a letter t yu last mnth.（改为被动语态）
A letter t yu last mnth.
10. 用括号内动词的适当形式填空：
The dg ____________（train）t understand different instructins fr tw years.
My advice n hw t save paper _______ by my class last Mnday.
acceptsB.acceptedC.was accepted D.is accepted
Where is yur bk reprt? Did yur dg eat it again?
N, it ______almst _______, and then may cmputer just died n me!
A./;finishB./finishedC.is;finishedD.was; finished
13. Lk at ur new schl. It_______ last year.
A.builtB. was builtC. is builtD. will be built
14. Last March, many trees___________ alng the streets t make ur city mre beautiful.
A.were plantedB were plantingC.had plantedD planted
15.(2019·湖北黄冈)-Oh, yur rm is t dirty,Mike!
Srry, Mum.It________yesterday. I frgt t d it
A. didn't cleanB.isn’t cleanedC. was cleanedD. wasn't cleaned
16.(2019·天津) The Hng Kng-Zhuhai- Maca Bridge_______in 2018. We are prud f it.
A is cmpletedB is cmpletingC was cmpletedD cmpletes
17.(2018·四川资阳)Tea, the mst ppular drink in the wrld,______by accident in China.
A discveredB. is discvered
C. will be discvered D. was discvered
18.(2019·江西) Gina went t the dctr' s yesterday and she______abut the imprtance f gd living habits nce mre
A. tldB. is tldC. was tldD. has tld
19. T my great surprise, the famus athlete's stry______differently in the newspapers.
A was reprtedB reprtedC was reprtingD reprts
20.--Mary_________just nw. What happened?
Je was telling her sme jkes
A is heard laughB. was heard laugh
C. was heard t laugh D is heard t laugh
1~6 DADDAC
7. were fund; pulled ut 8. was used 9. was sent 10. has been trained【
11.C 12.D
随堂练习：
一、选择填空。从各题的 A、B、C 三个选项中选择正确答案。
()1._______telephne is_______ useful inventin.
A.The; aB.The; an C.A; the
()2.— D yu knw when the car was invented?
______1885. And it was invented_______ Karl Friedrich Benz.
A.By;byB.On; with C.In;by
()3.Life was very difficult___my grandmther was yung.
A.untilB. whenC.after
()4.—Did yu g t the party last night?
N,I_______
A.didn't invite B. wasn't invitedC. haven't invited
()5.— Yu didn't g the dance party, did yu?
_________.I enjyed myself very much.
Yes,I did B.N, I didn’t C.N,I did
()6.—I knw an English-learning_____. Maybe it can help yu much.
— But my parents dn't allw me t g nline.
A.websiteB.pineer C.prject
()7.Stamps are made____ paper, and they are used ________sending letters.
A.f;frB.frm; t C.by; in
()8.It was____a great inventin, s it quick!became ppular.
A.sB.enughC. such
()9.Many great inventins______ in Mr.Jacksn's speech.
A. mentinedB. have mentinedC. were mentined
()10.—Wuld yu please help me take the ht ice-cream scp t my mther?
A. With pleasure B.It's my pleasureC.I'm srry t hear that
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.— Culd yu __________ help me think f an inventin that changed the wrld?— With __________. (please)
2.Jack wants t be an __________ and he has __________ sme great things. These _____________ are ppular with thers. (invent)
3.— Is the museum pen daily 8:30 a.m.～4:30p. m.?
— N,it is pen fr five __________ a week,frm Mnday t Friday. (day)
The zipper is a great inventin and it is used __________(wide)
5.Shen Nng is the first _______________(cver)tea-as a drink.
6. Nwadays, mre and mre _____________ parks have appeared in many_____________. (natin)
7.It sn became _____________ after it was invented.And as time passes, the _____________ keeps rising. (ppular)
8.The ht ice-cream _____________ is used fr _____________ (scp) really cld ice-cream.
9.Tea was an __________ inventin.It was invented by Shen Nng by _____________. (accident)
10._____________,it started t rain.I began t run back hme.But then I made a _____________ decisin t walk in the rain. (sudden)
三、完形填空。根据短文内容，从 A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
In 1826,a Frenchman named Niepce needed __1___ fr his business. But he was nt a gd artist.S he __2___ a very simple camera.He tk a picture f his garden ___3___ it.That was the first pht.
In 1837,Daguere,anther Frenchman,tk a picture f his reading rm. He used a new kind f camera in a different way.In his pictures,yu culd see everything very clearly, __4___the smallest thing. This kind f pht was called a Daguerretype.Sn,ther peple began t use Daguerre's way. ___5____ brught back wnderful phts frm all arund the wrld.
In abut 1840， phtgraphy（摄影术）was ___6___ Then phtgraphers（摄影师）culd take pictures f peple and mving things. That was nt __7___.The phtgraphers had t carry a lt f film and ther machines.But this did nt ___8___ them,fr example, sme in the United States wrked s hard.
Mathew Brady was a famus American phtgraphers. He tk many pictures f great peple.The pictures were___9___ because they were very lifelike（栩栩如生的）.Phtgraphers als became ne kind f art by the end f the 19th century. Sme phts were nt just ___10___ f the real wrld. They shwed ideas and feelings, like ther kinds f art.
()B. prducts C.pictures
() B. bught C.invented
() B. withC.frm
() B.almstC. nly
()B.Travelers C.Inventrs
()B.prcessed C.develped
()B.hardC.strange
()B.stpC.encurage
()B.private C.amazing
()B.pieces C.parts
四、阅读理解。根据短文内容选择正确答案。
Lk at these cl things! They can make ur life a little bit easier and mre enjyable.Check ut these "smart"things and find ut yur favrite ne.
Blssm is a handmade rbt yu can hug （搂抱）.It-lks mre like a ty than a machine. It is made f natural materials like wd and wl. And it's expected t help kids with autism （自闭症）ne day
When Gavin Ovsak studied in senir high schl, he created five new things. Amng them, the biggest inventin is CHAD.It lets the disabled persns can't use the muse cntrl the cmputer with his head and muth.
Ombrella is a smart umbrella. It is in sync with（与同步）phne app, sending users the newest infrmatin abut weather 30 minutes in advance（提 前）.If yu leave it smewhere, infrmatin will be sent ut t make sure yu wn't lse it.
D yu believe that bks can create their wn light? A university teacher has created such a bk. He calls his inventin Freelight because it can glw （发光） in the dark.It's said that Freelight can light up nt nly bks but als streets and cmputer screens withut using electricity !
()1.What is Blssm mainly made f?
A. Steel and glass. B. Paper. and cttn. C. Wd and wl.
()2.What is the CHAD used fr?
Helping kids with autism.
B. Sending the newest infrmatin.
C.Helping disabled peple use the cmputer.
()3.Ombrella can send the newest weather infrmatin t
A. a cmputer B. a machineC. a smart phne
()4.What can we knw abut Freelight?
It uses electricity t glw.
B.It is a bk that can glw.
C. It was invented by a scientist.
()5.Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the reading?
A.It is easy t lse Ombrella.
B.Blssm has helped many kids with autism.
C.CHAD was invented by a high schl student.
阅读理解。根据短文内容判断句子的正误。正确的填 A，错误的填 B。
High-speed trains, Alipay,shared bikes and nline payment are seen as the new Fur Great Achievements f China by yung freigners,accrding t a vide survey by the Silk Rad Research Institute f Beijing Freign Studies University.In the vide,yung peple frm 20 cuntries alng Belt and Rad Rutes（一带一路）were asked t name great inventins that had influenced their life in China.The fllwing is what they said frm 4 yung peple f them.
Justin
I’m frm Rmania. China is really a great cuntry and its high-speed railways are very fast, cnvenient and tidy.It takes me nly 6 hurs frm Beijing t Shanghai by train.It saves a lt f time and it's cheaper than airplanes.I wish ur cuntry wuld have high-speed railways smeday.
Yala
I'm frm Nepal.I always g ut by bike. Shared bike system allws peple t brrw a bike frm pint"A"and return it at pint "B".It's nt nly cheap but als a green and healthy way f life.
Archang
My life in Bejing is quite different frm that in India. Here in China, I seldm take mney with me when I g ut.I can pay fr everything by Alipay.Oh,it's amazing! But In India, if yu dnt take a wallet with yu, yu'll get int truble.
Bnd
Yu can find many wnderful things that we dn't have in Thailand.We dn't have Alipay r ther nline payment apps with which I can g shpping withut stepping ut f the drs.If nly I culd bring them back t my cuntry.
()1.Justin thinks the high-speed railways in China are fast, tidy, cheap and cnvenient.
()2.Bicycle-sharing system prvides bikes fr free.
()3.Accrding t Yala，"A"and"B"refer t（指）tw bikes.
()4.The nly way f paying fr things in India and Thailand is using paper mney.
()5.The new Fur Great Achievements are the signs that China is imprving rapidly.
五、完成对话。在对话的空格中填上适当的单词，使对话完整正确。一空一词。A: What are thse, Jack?
B: Sme pictures.Lk! They are all great inventins.
Sme f the inventins have changed ur___1_lives greatly.Because f them, we can mve faster, eat better and live mre cmfrtably. What d yu think is the mst ___2____ inventin?
A: The Internet,I think.It can help me relax.I ften listen t music and watch mvies n it after a lng time wrk.And it helps me study.There are a lt f __3___ fr study.Fr example,I jined an nline curse t practice my speaking skills by having cnversatins with native speakers.Als it prvides peple lts f infrmatin abut almst everything n it.
B: S,d yu knw wh invented the Internet?
A:I nce read a bk,in which the Internet was___4____ .It said that the Internet was nt invented by any ne persn.The bk __5____sme f the pineers, such as. Tim Berners-Lee,Vint Cerf and Rbert Ellit Kahn.Then, what is yur favrite inventin?
B:As __6___ as I can see,mbile phnes help peple mst. Thanks t them,peple can cmmunicate mre easily.I strngly believe that smart phnes will replace（取代）cmputers ne day.
A:Sunds interesting. Why d yu think s?
B:Nw，smart phnes have functins（功能）similar t cmputers.And mbile phnes are much mre ___7___ . We can take them wherever we g.
A: Yu d seem t have a ___8___. By the way,I’m ding a ___9___ n the phne and its inventr.Culd yu please help me search fr sme infrmatin f it?
B: With ___10______ .Lk! There is a picture…
五、短文填空。从下面方框中选择适当的单词并用其正确形式填入短文空格内，使短文意思正确、通顺（每词限用一次）。
especial exact help imprve ppular
print raise send share trade
The traditin f sending Christmas cards was started in the UK in 1843 by Sir Henry Cle.He thught sending cards __1___ut the pst ffice by giving the cmmn peple smething t receive（接收）and mail.
Sir Henry __2___ the idea f Christmas cards with his friend Jhn Hrsley.They designed（设计）the first card.Abut 1,000 __3___and sld.They are nw very valuable（宝贵 的） and peple need t spend thusands f punds r dllars n them!
The first pstal service that cmmn peple culd use was started in 1840. Befre that, nly very rich peple had enugh mney __4___ anything in the mail. Cards became much __5___ in the UK when they culd be mailed fr half the price f a cmmn letter.
As printing ways ___6___ , Christmas cards were prduced in large numbers frm abut 1860. And the cst f sending pst cards,and als Christmas cards, ___7__ a lt.This meant mre peple were able t send cards.By the early 1900s,the traditin had spread ver Eurpe and had becme very ppular,___ 8____ in Germany.
In the 1910s and 1920s, hmemade cards became ppular.They were usually t delicate（易损坏的）t send thrugh the mail and were given by hand.
Nwadays, cards have all kinds f pictures n___9___. Charities（慈善机构）ften sell their wn Christmas cards as a way f ___10___ mney at Christmas.
1.discver是“发现”的意思，是指发现原来就有而一直没被发现，如发现电、煤、石油等矿藏及新星、星系或科学真理等。
Clumbus discvered America in 1492.1492年哥伦布发现了新大陆。
Recently they have discvered a cmet. 最近他们发现了一颗彗星。
2.find的意思是“寻找”，强调找的结果，并不指发现。
I've tried t find anther cpy but culdn't find ne. 我试图再找一本，但没能弄到。
3.create指有目的地把原材料制成新产品，也指创造出原来不存在的或与众不同的事物。
Man creates himself. 人类创造了自己。
A nvelist creates characters and a plt. 小说家塑造人物并设计情节。
根据语境提示，用invent, discver，find或create的形式填空，完成句子。
1.When _____ the stream engine（蒸汽机） ___?
2. I can’t ____ my bike, I’m lking fr it.
3. Scientists are nw trying t ___ if this is pssible.
4. D yu knw wh______ the plane？
5. He ____quite a number f wnderful characters in his play.
【解析】, invented 2.find 3.discver 4.invented 5. created
1.be used as 意为“被用作……”，介词as表示“作为”，其后一般接名词，强调使用的工具及手段。
【例句】
English is used as the secnd language in many cuntries.
英语在许多国家被当作第二语言使用。
This rm is used as their ffice. 这人房间被用作他们的办公室。
2.be used by 意为“被……使用”，介词by后面接动作的执行者（宾语）。
【例句】
English is used by travelers and business peple all ver the wrld.
全世界的旅行者和商人们使用英语。
Tractrs are used by the farmers. 农民使用拖拉机。
1. 在中国英语作为外语来使用。__________________________________
2.教师用粉笔。__________________________________
3.毛衣是用来保暖的。__________________________________
【解析】
1. English is used as a freign language in China.
2. Chalk is used by teachers.
3. A sweater is used fr keeping warm.
一、please
1.表请求或要求的语气。是动词（及物动词）。
-Cme in, please.请进来吧。（或Pease cme in）
-Sit dwn, please.请坐。（或Please sit dwn）
2.表“讨好，讨人喜欢；喜欢”（不及物动词）或者“使···高兴，使···满意，使···喜欢”（及物动词）
-G where yu please.你想去哪就去哪。
-What pleases yu best?你最喜欢什么？
二、pleased形容词。表示“高兴的，喜欢的，满意的”。它指的是人主观上感到的满足心理
-I'm pleased t see yu!见到你真高兴！
常用句型有：be pleased t d sth.高兴做某事
be pleased at/abut/with/by 对···感到满意/高兴
be pleased that从句 对··· 感到满意/高兴
三、pleasant形容词。表示“令人愉快的”“让人感到满意”。主语一般为物。
The walk was very pleasant. 那次散步很（让人）愉快。
四、pleasure名词 表示“满足；乐趣；消遣、娱乐”
It's a pleasure t read this bk. 读这本书真是件乐事。
（1）根据句意，用pleasant, pleased或pleasure填空。
1. I had a ___ time.
2. He will be ___ t help yu.
3. Reading gives me great ___.
4. It gives me ___t see yu lking happy.
5. We spent a ___ day in the cuntry.
【解析】1.pleasant 2.pleased 3. pleasure 4.pleasure 5. pleasant
（2）I think it is impssible t make everyne______.
A. please B. pleased C. pleasant D. pleasure
【解析】由句意可知，要让每个人高兴是不可能的。pleased表示“高兴的，喜欢的”; 故选B。
1.一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词
Ftball is played all ver the wrld. 足球运动遍及全世界。
2.一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词
This bk was bught yesterday. 这本书是昨天买的。
3.一般将来时：will be +过去分词
The class meeting will be held tmrrw. 班会将在明天开。
4.现在进行时：am/is/are +being +过去分词
Our teaching building is being built nw. 我们的教学楼正在兴建中。
5.过去进行时：was/were + being +过去分词
The bus wasn’t being repaired by me then. 那时这辆车不是由我修的。
6.现在完成时：have/has + been +过去分词
The wrk has been finished by them. 这项工作已经被他们做完了。
1.We ____nt t play cmputer games.
A. are tld B. have tld C. tld D. tell
【解析】tell sb. nt t d sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，这里的主语we是tell这个动作的承受者，故应用被动语态，应选Ａ。
2.—Will yu cme t the dinner party?—I wn’t cme unless Jenny ______.
A. will be invited B. can be invited C. invited D. is invited
【解析】在unless引导的条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时来表示将来。根据句意“如果詹妮没有得到邀请，我就不会来。”确定选Ｄ。
3. I’m srry yu can’t g in nw. The rm _____ yet.
A. hasn’t been cleaned B. hasn’t cleaned C. isn’t been cleaned D. isn’t being cleaned
【解析】由I’m srry yu can’t g in nw.可知房间还没有打扫，再加上the rm是clean这个动作的承受者，应用现在完成时的被动语态，故选Ａ。
4.A talk n science _____ in ur schl next Mnday.
A. will give B. will be given C. has given D. has been given
【解析】主语A talk 是动词give的承受者，应用被动语态。再根据next Mnday 确定用一般将来时，故选Ｂ。
remain用作连系动词，意为“保持(某种状态)，继续存在，仍旧是”，后面接形容词，名词，分词，不定式或介词短语。
【例句】
She remained sitting when they came in．他们进来时，她仍然坐着(没有站起来)。
Peter became a manager but Jhn remained a wrker.
彼得当上了经理,但约翰仍然是一个工人。
Whatever great prgress yu have made, yu shuld remain mdest.
无论你取得了多么大的进步,你都应一直保持谦虚。
This remains t be prved. 这有待证实。(将来被动动作)
Whether it will d us gd remains t be seen. 这是否对我们有好处,还要看一看。
The leaves ____in the water fr a lng time.
A. came B. remained C. lived D. arrived
【解析】根据fr a lng time可知是指树叶在水中停留了很长时间，正确答案是B。
She fund her keys _____when she cleaned her rm after she lst them tw weeks ag.
A. with mistake B. in this way C. by accident D. with pleasure
【解析】由when she cleaned her rm after she lst them tw weeks ag可知她是偶然地找到了她丢失的钥匙，正确答案是C。
until常用作介词或连词，用来引导介词短语或从句在句子中作时间状语。
1. 在肯定句中，until与延续性、持续性动词连用，表示“直到……为止”。
I wrked until late in the afternn. 我一直干到下午很晚的时候。
2. 在否定句中，until常与瞬间动词、短暂性动词连用，表示“直到……才……”，“不到……不……”。
The rain didn’t stp until midnight. 雨直到半夜才停。
I wn’t leave until yu prmise t help me. 你不答应帮助我，我不会离开。
—Hw was yur climbing Munt. Huang?
—I didn’t believe I culd d it ______I gt t the tp.
A. until B. while C. after D. and
【解析】考查连词用法。nt…until…直到……才……。根据句意“直到我爬到山顶我才相信我能做到”可知选A。
…把……错认为, 错把……当作
She mistk him fr the prfessr.她把他错当作教授了。
—I’m srry I’ve taken yur dictinary ____ because they have the same clur.
—It desn’t matter.
A. at nce B. by mistake C. in general D. as well
【解析】由because they have the same clur可知是错拿了词典，正确答案是B。
1.“make＋宾语＋n”意为‘使/让某人 / 某物(成为)……”。
【例句】
We made him captain f ur ftball team. 我们推选他作我们足球队队长。
We made him ur mnitr. 我们选他当班长。
2.“make＋宾语＋d sth”意为“使某人做某事”。 在被动语态中，此类结构中省略的动词不定式 t 要还原。
【例句】
Our teacher makes us feel mre cnfident. 老师使得我们感到更自信了。
The by was made t wrk twelve hurs a day. 这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。
What d yu think her ?
A. make; sad B. makes; sadly C. made; sad D. made; sadly
【解析】what 作主语时，谓语动词要用第三要称单数形式，可排除A。再根据“make + sb. / sth. + adj.”确定选C。sadly是副词形式。
We have d____ urselves int three grups since this term.
【解析】自从本学期开始就已经把我们自己分成了三个组。have在此是助动词，空格处要填过去分词，再根据divide …int…确定填divided。
It is reprted that… 据报道……
It is suppsed/thught that… 人们认为……
It’s knwn that…众所周知……
我不知道这所学校，但据说是非常好的一所学校。
I dn’t knw the schl, but _____it is quite a gd ne.
【解析】it is said that
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
am / is / are + P.P.
（1）D they speak French ?
（2）They dn’t use the rm .
Is French spken by them ?
The rm isn’t used by them .
一般过去时
was / were + p.p.
（1）The man killed a tiger .
（2）He wrte many stries last year .
A tiger was killed by the man .
Many stries were written by him last year .
现在进行时
am / is / are +being +p.p.
（1）These wrkers are building a new bridge .
（2）He is mending his car .
A new bridge is being built by these wrkers .
His car is being mended by him .
过去进行时
was / were + being + p.p.
（1）He was selling bks .
（2）They were discussing the plan at that time .
Bks were being sld by him .
The plan was being discussed by them at that time .
现在完成时
have / has + been + p. p.
（1）She has learned many English wrds .
（2）He has finished the wrk .
Many English wrds have been learned by her .
The wrk has been finished by him .
过去完成时
had + been + p.p.
（1）They had slved the prblem .
（2）We had tld him the news by then .
The prblem had been slved by them .
The news had been tld t him by us .
一般将来时
will be + p.p.
am/is/are ging t be + p.p.
（1）I will make a plan .
（2）They are ging t fix the radi in an hur .
A plan will be made by me .
The radi is ging t be fixed by them in an hur .
过去将来时
wuld be + p.p.
was/ were ging t be + p.p.
（1）He tld me they wuld paint the rm .
（2）They were ging t put n a play the next week .
He tld me the rm wuld be painted by them .
A play was ging t be put n by them the next week .
情态动词
can / may / must / shuld
+ be + p.p.
（1）We shuld hand in ur hmewrk .
（2）Yu must answer the questin in English .
Our hmewrk shuld be handed in by us .
The questin must be answered in English by yu .
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