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高考英语一轮复习必修3Unit9Wheels学案北师大版
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这是一份高考英语一轮复习必修3Unit9Wheels学案北师大版，共26页。学案主要包含了典型例句，词块必记，语境速测，知识拓展，误区释疑，句型公式，备选要点，巧学助记等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Unit 9 Wheels
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers, ” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests, ” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal? ’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA. ’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and. . . it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product. ”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach. ” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中与科技相关的单词和短语。
bacteria, microorganism, International Space Station, astronaut, engineer, zero gravity
2. 写出文章中的优美句式
(1)HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.
(2)Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact on college admissions and practical life skills.
(3)Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. benefit vi. & n. 得益, 好处; 有益于
【典型例句】
Developing a good habit is also of importance. It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class. 养成一个好习惯也很重要。预习课程, 积极参与课堂活动, 课后复习所学知识, 让我受益匪浅。
【词块必记】
(1)benefit sb. 使某人受益
benefit from/by 从……中受益
(2)be of(great)benefit to. . . 对……(大)有裨益
for the benefit of. . . 为了……的利益
(3)beneficial adj. 有益的; 有好处的
be beneficial to sb. 对某人有益
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Taking exercise regularly will be beneficial(benefit) to your health.
②As is known to us all, books are the source of knowledge, from which we can benefit a lot.
③If I am lucky enough to be elected as the director of community, I will make every effort to serve for the benefit of residents and our community.
语段填词
④As we all know, fresh air is beneficial to our health and the new park benefits us all, so we should keep it clean.
众所周知, 新鲜的空气有益于我们的健康, 新的公园对我们大家都有好处, 所以我们应该保持它的清洁。
【知识拓展】多多“有好处”
①benefit ②be beneficial to
③be of benefit to ④be good for
⑤do good to
2. convenient adj. 方便的, 便利的
【典型例句】
May I come and talk with you whenever it’s convenient?
在你方便时我能来和你谈谈吗?
【词块必记】
(1)it is convenient for sb. to do sth.
某人方便做某事
(2)convenience n. 方便, 便利; 便利的事物(或设施); 方便的用具
at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
for convenience 为了方便
【误区释疑】 convenient作表语时, 不可用人作主语, 而要用事物作主语或用it来充当形式主语, 后接不定式的主动形式。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①We have provided charging place and resting room for the convenience of our customers.
②We hope that you will attend our birthday party this tonight if it is convenient(convenience) for you.
③If you are interested in the position posted the local paper, please send your resume at your earliest convenience.
语段填词
④You can go at your convenience, but if it is not convenient for you, you can remain for another two days. For your convenience, I will leave some furniture for you to use. (convenient)
完成句子
⑤It is very convenient to pay by credit card.
用信用卡付款非常方便。
3. admit vt. 承认, 供认; 准许……入内; 准许……加入; 接收入院
【典型例句】
She admitted having driven the car without insurance.
她供认驾驶了这辆没有保险的轿车。
【词块必记】
(1)admit doing sth. 承认做某事
admit that. . . 承认……
admit. . . to be/as. . . 承认……是……
It is generally admitted that. . . 一致公认……
(2)admit sb. /sth. into/to 允许某人/某物进入
be admitted to 被录取; 被接纳
(3)admission n. 承认; 允许进入; 入场费, 门票费
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He is universally admitted to be (be)one of the first politicians at present.
②Michigan was admitted to the United States in 1837, as the twenty-sixth state.
句式转换
③As a man, you should have the courage to admit your mistakes.
→As a man, you should have the courage to admit having made mistakes.
→As a man, you should have the courage to admit that you have made mistakes.
4. occupy vt. 居住; 占用, 使用; 占领; 使忙碌, 使从事
【典型例句】
She occupied herself with routine office tasks.
她忙于办公室的日常工作。
【词块必记】
(1)occupy sb. /oneself with sth. /(in)doing sth. 使某人忙于(做)某事
(2)occupied adj. 有人使用(或居住)的; 被占领的
sb. be occupied with sth. /(in)doing sth. 某人忙于(做)某事
(3)occupation n. 职业, 工作
【知识拓展】常用的表示“忙于做某事”的搭配还有:
①be busy with sth. /doing sth.
②be employed (in)doing sth.
③be engaged in sth.
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I think I was looking for an occupation(occupy) which was suitable for me.
②I have been so occupied(occupy) with my work that I haven’t had time to participate in social activities.
一句多译
③课堂上学生们忙于记笔记。
The students were occupied in taking notes in class.
=The students occupied themselves in taking notes in class.
完成句子
④She reached Karachi on Monday evening, the journey having occupied three days and nine hours.
她在星期一晚上抵达了卡拉奇, 这段行程耗时3天9小时。
5. damage vt. & n. 损害, 损失
【典型例句】
Environmentalists will be on the watch for damage to wildlife. 环保主义者将会密切关注对野生动物造成的伤害。
【词块必记】
(1)damage sth. 损害/损坏/破坏某物
(2)do/cause damage(to sb. /sth. ) (对某人/某物)造成损害
suffer damage 遭受损失
(3)damages (pl. )赔款; 赔偿(金)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment.
②Without oxygen, the brain is damaged(damage) quickly.
完成句子
③Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure(造成的伤害比治愈的要多).
④He warned that the action was damaging the economy.
他警告说该行动正在对经济造成破坏。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
6. work out 锻炼身体, 做运动; 解决, 解答; 计算出
【典型例句】
Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey. Therefore, I hold a positive attitude towards online voting.
如果我们能制订出一些让人们遵守的参与规则, 事情会变得更好。因此, 我对网上投票持积极的态度。
【词块必记】
work at sth. 致力于/努力做某事
work as 担任; 以……身份而工作
work on 从事于; 努力影响或说服; 忙于
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
① The lack of gravity makes bones more fragile and muscles lose strength, so astronauts are encouraged to work out for at least two hours a day.
(锻炼身体)
② In that, you have to work out the exact cost of the two-course meal you cook.
(计算出)
③So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (解决, 解答)
④The research centre worked out a new plan and decided to carry it out immediately. (制订出)
7. rely on 依赖, 依靠; 指望
【典型例句】
These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
现在, 我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来安排我们的工作。
【词块必记】
rely on sb. for sth. 为了某物依赖某人
rely on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事
be relied on to do sth. 被信赖做某事
rely on it that. . . 相信……; 指望……
【误区释疑】 在“rely on it+that从句”中, it是形式宾语, 真正的宾语是后面的that从句。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①You can’t just rely on your parents lending/to lend(lend) you the money.
②If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on.
句式升级
③You may rely on his coming on time.
➝You may rely on him to come on time. (用不定式改写)
➝You may rely on it that he will come on time. (用it作形式宾语改写)
Ⅲ. 经典句式
8. It was an American man called Henry Ford who created the motor car as we know it today.
是一位叫亨利·福特的美国人创造了我们今天所知道的汽车。
【典型例句】
In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. 事实上, 交通规则是与公共秩序密切相关的规章制度的一部分。重要的是要有遵守规则的人。
【句型公式】
(1)陈述句形式: It is/was+被强调部分+that/who. . .
(2)一般疑问句形式: Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who. . . ?
(3)特殊疑问句形式: 特殊疑问词+is/was it+that/who. . . ?
(4)含有not. . . until. . . 的句式: It is/was not until. . . that. . .
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It is my mother who cooks delicious meal for us every day.
②It was because he was ill that he didn’t attend the meeting.
③It wasn’t until he got seriously ill that he knew the importance of health.
完成句子
④As a result, it was his encouragement that(那正是他的鼓励) led to my success.
⑤It was not until all the fish in the river died out that(直到河里所有的鱼都死光了) they realized the importance of environmental protection.
【备选要点】
1. consequence n. 后果, 结果
【典型例句】
To begin with, the name of the movie is Growing Together, which is about the development of our beloved school; as a consequence, it will be not only meaningful but also interesting.
首先, 电影的名字是《一起成长》, 讲述的是关于我们心爱的学校的发展的故事; 因此, 它不仅有意义而且有趣。
【词块必记】
in consequence/as a consequence 结果, 因此
take/suffer the consequences 承担后果, 自食其果
(2)consequent adj. 随之发生的; 作为结果的
consequently= as a consequence=as a result 因此, 所以
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently(consequent), some viewers began to turn away from cinemas.
②Nowadays many young people are even addicted to the Internet. In consequence(consequent), surfing the Internet occupies much of their priceless time.
【知识拓展】“由于, 因为”方式多
①because of ②as a result of
③in consequence of ④as a consequence of
⑤on account of ⑥thanks to
2. argue vi. 争辩, 争吵 vt. 争辩; 证明
【典型例句】
We’re always arguing with each other about money.
我们总是为钱吵嘴。
【词块必记】
(1)argue with sb. on/about/over sth.
就某事与某人争论
argue for/against. . . 赞成/反对……
argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
argue sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
argue that. . . 提出理由说明; 主张……
(2)argument n. 争论, 辩论; 论据, 论点
have an argument with sb. about/over sth.
就某事和某人发生争论
【构词法】
argu(e)+-ment(名词后缀)→argument n. 争论, 争吵
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①As far as I know, they argue for the way to solve the problem.
②When Tom went for the third operation, he argued with his mother.
完成句子
③他反对吸烟。
He argued against smoking.
④他争辩说吸烟有害健康。
He argued that smoking was harmful to health.
句式升级
⑤用非谓语动词连接③④句
He argued against smoking, arguing that smoking was harmful to health.
完成句子
⑥He argued that they needed more time to finish the project.
他提出理由说明他们需要更多的时间来完成该项目。
3. content n. 容纳的东西; 内容; 目录; 容量 adj. 满足的; 满意的 vt. 使满足
【典型例句】
Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building. 火灾导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损毁。
【词块必记】
feel/be content with 对……满足/满意
be content to do sth. 满足于做某事
content oneself with 满足于……
【误区释疑】 content作“容纳的东西, 目录”讲时, 常用复数形式; 作“含量”讲时用单数。
【巧学助记】
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
① I wondered whether he had already known the contents of my telegram. (内容)
② By the time I contented myself with the conclusion that he and I were strangers.
(使满足)
③Some studies analyzed the nutritional content of the foods, including key vitamins, minerals and fats. (含量)
完成句子
④Are you content/satisfied/pleased with the shape of your nose? If not, the climate may be to blame, not your parents.
你对你的鼻子形状满意吗? 如果不满意的话, 可能要归咎于气候而不是你的父母。
4. appreciate vt. 欣赏, 鉴赏; 感谢
【典型例句】
I would appreciate it if you paid in cash.
假如你支付现金的话, 我会不胜感激。
【词块必记】
(1)appreciate sth. 欣赏某物; 感谢某事
appreciate (sb. /sb. ’s) doing sth. 感谢(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if . . . 如果……我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏; 感激
【误区释疑】 appreciate表示“感激”时不用人作宾语, 而以sth. /doing作宾语; 也可后接it+if从句。
【知识拓展】
当某些及物动词由于语义的因素需要在其后接由if或when引导的状语从句时, 习惯上要在状语从句前加一个it——这类及物动词除appreciate外, 还有enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, prefer等。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①I would appreciate it(我将感激不尽) if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent.
②I appreciate your efforts(感谢你的努力)for the development of company.
③In time you’ll appreciate the beauty and subtlety of this language.
总有一天你会体会到这门语言的优美和微妙之处。
语段填词
④I would appreciate it if you will offer your hands in our project and to show our appreciation, we will invite you to appreciate the exhibit of our achievements in the future. (appreciate)
5. suit vt. 适合; 合(某人)心意
【典型例句】
If you want to go by bus, that suits me fine.
要是你想坐公共汽车走, 那对我也合适。
【词块必记】
(1)suit one’s need/suit the need of 满足……的需求
suit one’s taste 适合某人的口味
suit . . . to. . . 使……适合于……
be suited to sth. 适合某事
(2)suitable adj. 适合的, 适宜的
be suitable for. . . 适合于……
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
【易混辨析】 “适合”之辨
suit
指符合某人的口味, 或衣服颜色、款式、质地等的相配或适合, 穿起来协调、好看
fit
指大小、尺寸合身
match
指在大小、色彩、形状、性质方面搭配
go with
与……相配, 协调(与match用法较相似)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Its environment is suitable for the growth of marine life.
②Their ancestors migrated along the river, trying to search for a suitable(suit) area to settle.
③People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited(suit) to communications and trade.
句型转换
④This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and suits the long-stay students better.
→This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay students.
【写作金句】
Owing to your interest in Chinese culture, I recommend that you should choose the Peking University, whose Chinese Literature major suits you, where you can be completely immersed in Chinese comprehensive history and rich culture. 鉴于你对中国文化的兴趣, 我建议你应该选择北京大学, 它的中国文学专业适合你, 在那儿你可以完全沉浸在中国的悠久的历史和丰富的文化中。
6. addicted adj. 沉溺于……的; 上瘾的
【典型例句】
My children are hopelessly addicted to television.
我的几个孩子都无可救药地成了电视迷。
【词块必记】
(1)be/become/get addicted to 对……上瘾
(2)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
(3)addiction n. 上瘾, 着迷, 嗜好
【知识拓展】
以下动词短语中的to均为介词: lead to, look forward to, devote. . . to. . . , get down to, stick to, object to, refer to, accustom oneself to, get/be/become/used (accustomed) to。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①We are addicted to buying(buy) new things on the Internet.
②They come from different places, but they all share a common addiction(addict)—food that is not just spicy (辛辣的).
语段填词
③The latest research suggests that teenagers who are addicted to the addictive Internet are more likely to suffer from depression. To make matters worse, the addiction will be hard to get rid of. (addict)
7. take place 举行; 发生
【典型例句】
Elections will now take place on November the twenty-fifth. 选举现定于11月25日举行。
【词块必记】
(1)take the place of 代替
take one’s place 取代; 就座
(2)in the first place 起初; 首先
in place of 代替
in the place of 在……位置上
in place 在正确位置; 准备妥当
out of place 位置不当; 不得体
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
① The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
(发生)
②Firstly I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place. (在正确位置)
8. go up 上升, 升起; (从一处)到(另一处)
【典型例句】
He believes food prices will go up in the future.
他认为食品价格将来会上涨。
【词块必记】
go around/round 到处走; 流传, 传开
go through 检查; 通过; 经历
go with 与……相配; 和……一起
go without 没有……也行
go by 时间逝去; 过去
go on 持续
go on sale 出售
go out 外出
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①I went up to them and asked how I could help. (靠近)
②We played all our fresh string into the boys’ kites and
they went up higher and higher. (上升)
语段填词
③As time goes by, we have to go through some changes and adapt to them. Now you need to buy the tapes to go with the textbook to practice your listening. (go的短语)
随着时间逝去, 我们不得不经历一些变化并且适应它们。现在, 你需要买一些与课本相配的磁带来练习你的听力。
9. The new“white bike” is not actually white but is an unusual design with bright colours.
新的“白色自行车”不是真正的白色, 而是设计独特, 颜色鲜亮。
【句型公式】
(1)not. . . but. . . 不是……而是……, 表示取舍关系, 常连接主语、表语和宾语。
(2)not. . . but. . . 连接两个主语时, 其谓语动词应与but后的主语保持一致, 即就近原则。
(3)not only. . . but also. . . ; neither. . . nor. . . 和either. . . or. . . 也有此用法。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①The child doesn’t resemble his father but his mother(不像他的父亲而像他的母亲).
②The aim of the show is not to create a hit program but to attract more people to museums(不是创造某个热点节目而是为了吸引更多的人来博物馆).
10. People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.
在阿姆斯特丹, 多年来人们一直在享受骑自行车的好处。
【典型例句】
As a student, I have been learning Mandarin for many years.
作为一名学生, 我多年来一直学习普通话。
【句型公式】
(1)现在完成进行时表示到现在为止一直进行的动作, 这个动作可能仍在进行, 也可能停止了。
(2)现在完成进行时由“have/has +been+ v. -ing”构成; 否定形式“have/has +not+been+v. -ing”; 疑问形式是将have/has提到主语前。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The team have been training(train) hard in preparation for the big game.
②My kids have been annoying(annoy) me and the last straw was when my car broke down.
③She published her first short story at the age of fifteen, and has completed a large number of works, which have been translated(translate) into forty languages.
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Race walking shares many fitness benefits (benefit) with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
2. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)I could see them actually(actual)walking under the sea.
3. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently (frequent), and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.
4. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Designer Jennifer Anderson admits (admit) it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.
5. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)This is often appreciated (appreciate) since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
We were walking in the street to the near Internet bar on a weekend when a car knocked down Tom. We all stood there, 1. frightened(frighten) and unmoved. It was obvious that the car couldn’t pull 2. up immediately. Luckily, a passer-by gave him first aid immediately. After a while Tom came to himself slowly. It was the passer-by 3. who saved Tom’s life. We were all grateful to him. Afterwards, we had to think about why such a bad accident happened to us. If we hadn’t gone to the bar, probably it wouldn’t have occurred.
I 4. admit(admit)that the Internet is of great benefit to us. On the one hand, it is 5. convenient(convenience) for us to do many things. We can 6. appreciate(appreciate)all kinds of programs on the Internet. On the other hand, there are amounts of useful information on the Internet available to us. But nowadays some people rely 7. on the Internet too much and many young people are even 8. addicted(addict) to it. In consequence, surfing the Internet 9. occupies(occupy) much of their time. Last week we held a meeting 10. arguing(argue)about the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet. At last, we worked out a plan to control the time we would spend surfing the Internet.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
I have been interesting in the computer since I was able operate it. I think it is a amazing invention. Last summer, when I was in New York, I go to a computer exhibition, where I saw a new type of robot calling Kilroy. It can help disabled workers. It can understand it’s owner, and follow instructions such as “Turn the page”. Some robots are also used in American hospitals. They can do simply jobs. For example, they brush patients’ tooth in the morning and takes meals from the kitchen to the patients’ rooms. They never get lost because of they have a map of the hospital in their computer memory.
1. 【解析】第一句interesting →interested。 考查-ing和-ed形式的形容词。interested表示“感兴趣的”; interesting“令人感到有趣的”。根据句意, 这里指作者对电脑感兴趣。
2. 【解析】第一句able后面加to。考查不定式。be able to do sth. 表示“能够做什么”。
3. 【解析】第二句a →an。考查冠词。amazing是发音以元音音素开头的单词, 其前面应用不定冠词an。
4. 【解析】第三句go →went。 考查时态。本句讲的是去年夏天的事情, 应用一般过去时。
5. 【解析】第三句calling →called。 考查过去分词。根据句意这里指这个机器人被叫作“Kilroy”, 故用过去分词表被动。
6. 【解析】第五句it’s →its。 考查代词。it’s是it is或it has的缩写。根据句意, 这里应用its, 表示“它的”。
7. 【解析】第七句simply →simple。考查形容词和副词。本词后面是名词jobs, 因此应用形容词修饰名词。
8. 【解析】第八句tooth →teeth。考查名词单复数。这里指机器人给病人刷牙, tooth应该使用复数。
9. 【解析】第八句takes →take。考查主谓一致。本句的主语是“they”, 谓语动词应该用复数。
10. 【解析】第九句去掉第一个of。考查介词。because后面接从句, because of后面接名词、代词和what引导的从句等。
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2019·北京高考阅读理解C)
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案)become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入)of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文。随着声音处理技术和自动化技术的发展, 自动语音电话的逼真程度越来越高, 我们越来越难辨别真假, 这一问题导致可信度难以建立, 但是失去却很容易。
1. How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls?
A. Panicked. B. Confused.
C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段中“Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. ”可知, 作者很失望, 故选D。
2. Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammers can______.
A. aim at victims precisely
B. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidly
D. spread information widely
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. 可知他们可以精确地开展诈骗。故选A。
3. What does the passage imply?
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. Technologies can be double-edged.
C. There are more solutions than problems.
D. Credibility holds the key to development.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。本文主要讲了随着声音处理技术和自动化技术的发展, 自动语音电话更加逼真, 难辨真伪; 当然新技术更多的是带给我们便利和好处, 所以事情要辩证地看待, 故选B。
4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。本文主要分析了自动语音电话会越来越难辨别的原因, 而且这一问题很难解决, 故选C。
【微技能点拨】 立足原文·只推一步 巧解推理判断题
推理判断题要求考生通过文章的文字表述, 上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知信息, 推断出作者没有直接表明的观点或态度。即为“立足原文, 只推一步”。本文中第3题为推理判断题。根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 题干关键词: the passage imply
Step 2 正确选项关键词double-edged及文章大意: 本文主要讲了随着声音处理技术和自动化技术的发展, 自动语音电话更加逼真, 难辨真伪; 当然新技术更多的是带给我们便利和好处, 所以事情要辩证地看待。
Step 3 立足原文, 只推一步: 尝试解答B。
【语用提能】
话题词汇
robocall n. 预录电话
receive vt. 收到; 接待; 接纳
severity n. 严重
means n. 手段; 方法
technology n. 技术
insecure adj. 不安全的; 不稳定的; 不牢靠的
短语句式
pick up 捡起; 获得; 收拾; (汽车; 飞机)乘载; 不费力地学会
a number of 许多
carry out 执行
That’s because. . . 那是因为……
熟词新义
question n. 问题, 疑问; 询问; 疑问句
vt. 询问; 怀疑; 审问
book n. 书籍 vt. 预订; 登记
【微语法填空】
(2019·北京高考阅读理解C改编)
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is 1. __________(actual) real. That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation 2. __________(technology) that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may 3. __________(weak) that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together 4. __________(find)ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, 5. __________abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, 6. __________can be tied to your identity.
1. 【解析】actually。此处修饰形容词real需用副词。故填actually。
2. 【解析】technologies。根据其后定语从句的谓语动词are提示可知此处用名词复数, 故填 technologies。
3. 【解析】weaken。此处情态动词后跟动词一起构成谓语。故填weaken。
4. 【解析】to find。此处用动词不定式表目的, 故填to find。
5. 【解析】or。此处构成either. . . or. . . 或者……或者……。故填or。
6. 【解析】which。 分析句式可知此处用which引导非限制性定语从句, 代替前面的整个句子, 故填which。
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
假定你是李华, 想邀请外教Henry一起参观人工智能展览。请给他写封邮件, 内容包括:
1. 展览时间、地点(4月1日～7日, 科技馆);
2. 展览内容(如智能家用机器人、无人驾驶、人脸识别技术等)。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 尽量使用本单元学过的词汇和短语。
Step 1 写作技巧
根据汉语提示补全句子。
①了解到你是人工智能的狂热爱好者。
Learning that you are a great enthusiast of Artificial Intelligence.
②我写信是想邀请你去欣赏一个关于它的特别展览。
I am writing to invite you to enjoy a special exhibition about it.
③众所周知, 人工智能正在迅速改变我们的日常生活。
As we all know, Artificial Intelligence is rapidly transforming our daily life.
④令我非常高兴的是, 一个关于它的展览将在我们的科技馆举行。
To my great delight, an exhibition on it will be held in our science and technology museum.
⑤展览将于4月1日开始, 为期7天。
The exhibition will start on April 1 and last for seven days.
⑥你可以看到做家务的机器人, 也可以体验自动驾驶汽车。
You can witness robots that do housework, and you can also experience self-driving vehicles.
⑦更有趣的是, 你可以用AlphaGo玩棋盘游戏。
More interestingly, you can play the board game with AlphaGo.
⑧AlphaGo是一个由谷歌开发的计算机程序。
AlphaGo is a computer program developed by Google.
⑨与此同时, 这里将会展示各种最新技术, 包括面部识别。
Meanwhile, a wide varieties of the latest technologies will be displayed, including facial recognition.
⑩你会对这次展览留下深刻的印象。
You will be deeply impressed by the exhibition.
期待您的回复。
Looking forward to your reply.
Step 2 句式升级
把第④、⑤句合并为主从复合句
To my great delight, an exhibition on it will be held in our science and technology museum, which will start on April 1 and last for seven days.
把第⑥句改为含有not only. . . but also. . . 且倒装的句式
Not only can you witness robots that do housework, but you can also experience self-driving vehicles.
Step 3 组句成篇
运用关联词串连以上句子。
Dear Henry,
How is everything going? Learning that you are a great enthusiast of Artificial Intelligence. I am writing to invite you to enjoy a special exhibition about it.
As we all know, Artificial Intelligence is rapidly transforming our daily life. To my great delight, an exhibition on it will be held in our science and technology museum, which will start on April 1 and last for seven days. Not only can you witness robots that do housework, but you can also experience self-driving vehicles. More interestingly, you can play the board game with AlphaGo, which is a computer program developed by Google. Meanwhile, a wide varieties of the latest technologies will be displayed, including facial recognition.
I do believe that you will be deeply impressed by the exhibition. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【加固训练】
The Tradition of Making New Year’s Resolutions
There are so many ways to celebrate New Year and especially New Year’s Eve. Traditions of the season include the making of New Year’s resolutions. That tradition 1 (date) back to the early Babylonians. While popular modern resolutions may include the promise to lose weight or quit smoking, the early Babylonian’s 2 (popular) resolution was to return borrowed farm 3 (equip).
The tradition of using a baby 4 (signify) the New Year began in Greece around 600 BC. It was their tradition at that time to celebrate their god of wine, Dionysus, by parading a baby in a basket, 5 (represent) the annual rebirth of that god as 6 spirit of fertility (多产). Early Egyptians also used a baby as a symbol of rebirth.
7 the early Christians criticized the practice as pagan (异教的), the popularity of the baby as a symbol of rebirth forced the Church to reevaluate its position. The Church finally allowed 8 (it) members to celebrate the New Year with a baby, 9 was to symbolize the birth of the baby Jesus.
The practice that an image of a baby with a New Year’s banner (横幅) is used as a symbolic representation of the New Year 10 (bring) to early America by the Germans. They had used it since the fourteenth century.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了制定新年决心的传统的变化。
1. 【解析】dates。句意: 这个传统追溯到早期的巴比伦人。此处描述的客观事实, 应使用一般现在时, 主语是单数, 谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。
2. 【解析】most popular。句意: 当流行的现代新年决心也许包含减肥或者戒烟的时候, 而早期的巴比伦人最流行的新年决心是归还借来的农场设备。根据语境可知, 此处指那时最流行的一种新年决心, 应使用形容词最高级。故填most popular。
3. 【解析】equipment。句意: 当流行的现代新年决心也许包含减肥或者戒烟的时候, 而早期的巴比伦人最流行的新年决心是归还借来的农场设备。根据句意可知, 此处指“农场设备”, equipment是不可数名词。故填equipment。
4. 【解析】to signify。句意: 使用婴儿来表明新年的传统起源于公元前600年的希腊。根据句意可知, 此处表目的, 应使用动词不定式。故填to signify。
5. 【解析】representing。句意: 在那个时候, 他们的传统是庆祝他们的酒神狄俄尼索斯, 通过举着篮子里的一个婴儿游行, 代表着这位象征多产精神之神每年的重生。represent与parading a baby in a basket 是逻辑主谓关系, 应使用现在分词做状语, 表主动。故填representing。
6. 【解析】the。句意: 在那个时候, 他们的传统是庆祝他们的酒神狄俄尼索斯, 通过举着篮子里的一个婴儿游行, 代表着这位象征多产精神之神每年的重生。根据句意可知, 此处特指“多产精神”, 应使用定冠词。故填the。
7. 【解析】Although。句意: 虽然早期的基督徒批评这种做法是异教的, 但婴儿作为重生象征的流行迫使教会重新评估其立场。根据句意可知, 前后句意存在让步关系, 应使用although引导。故填Although。
8. 【解析】its。句意: 教会最终允许其成员用婴儿来庆祝新年, 这象征着婴儿耶稣的诞生。根据句意可知, 此处指“教会的成员”, 应使用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
9. 【解析】which。句意: 教会最终允许其成员用婴儿来庆祝新年, 这象征着婴儿耶稣的诞生。此处是非限定性定语从句, 先行词是a baby, 在从句中做主语, which可以用来指代不分性别的婴儿或儿童。故填which。
10. 【解析】was brought。句意: 举着新年旗帜的婴儿形象作为新年象征的做法是由德国人带到早期的美国。此处缺少主句谓语动词, 与主语practice是逻辑被动关系, 且描述的是过去的事实, 应使用过去时的被动语态。故填was brought。
Unit 9 Wheels
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers, ” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests, ” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal? ’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA. ’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and. . . it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product. ”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach. ” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中与科技相关的单词和短语。
bacteria, microorganism, International Space Station, astronaut, engineer, zero gravity
2. 写出文章中的优美句式
(1)HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.
(2)Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact on college admissions and practical life skills.
(3)Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. benefit vi. & n. 得益, 好处; 有益于
【典型例句】
Developing a good habit is also of importance. It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class. 养成一个好习惯也很重要。预习课程, 积极参与课堂活动, 课后复习所学知识, 让我受益匪浅。
【词块必记】
(1)benefit sb. 使某人受益
benefit from/by 从……中受益
(2)be of(great)benefit to. . . 对……(大)有裨益
for the benefit of. . . 为了……的利益
(3)beneficial adj. 有益的; 有好处的
be beneficial to sb. 对某人有益
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Taking exercise regularly will be beneficial(benefit) to your health.
②As is known to us all, books are the source of knowledge, from which we can benefit a lot.
③If I am lucky enough to be elected as the director of community, I will make every effort to serve for the benefit of residents and our community.
语段填词
④As we all know, fresh air is beneficial to our health and the new park benefits us all, so we should keep it clean.
众所周知, 新鲜的空气有益于我们的健康, 新的公园对我们大家都有好处, 所以我们应该保持它的清洁。
【知识拓展】多多“有好处”
①benefit ②be beneficial to
③be of benefit to ④be good for
⑤do good to
2. convenient adj. 方便的, 便利的
【典型例句】
May I come and talk with you whenever it’s convenient?
在你方便时我能来和你谈谈吗?
【词块必记】
(1)it is convenient for sb. to do sth.
某人方便做某事
(2)convenience n. 方便, 便利; 便利的事物(或设施); 方便的用具
at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
for convenience 为了方便
【误区释疑】 convenient作表语时, 不可用人作主语, 而要用事物作主语或用it来充当形式主语, 后接不定式的主动形式。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①We have provided charging place and resting room for the convenience of our customers.
②We hope that you will attend our birthday party this tonight if it is convenient(convenience) for you.
③If you are interested in the position posted the local paper, please send your resume at your earliest convenience.
语段填词
④You can go at your convenience, but if it is not convenient for you, you can remain for another two days. For your convenience, I will leave some furniture for you to use. (convenient)
完成句子
⑤It is very convenient to pay by credit card.
用信用卡付款非常方便。
3. admit vt. 承认, 供认; 准许……入内; 准许……加入; 接收入院
【典型例句】
She admitted having driven the car without insurance.
她供认驾驶了这辆没有保险的轿车。
【词块必记】
(1)admit doing sth. 承认做某事
admit that. . . 承认……
admit. . . to be/as. . . 承认……是……
It is generally admitted that. . . 一致公认……
(2)admit sb. /sth. into/to 允许某人/某物进入
be admitted to 被录取; 被接纳
(3)admission n. 承认; 允许进入; 入场费, 门票费
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He is universally admitted to be (be)one of the first politicians at present.
②Michigan was admitted to the United States in 1837, as the twenty-sixth state.
句式转换
③As a man, you should have the courage to admit your mistakes.
→As a man, you should have the courage to admit having made mistakes.
→As a man, you should have the courage to admit that you have made mistakes.
4. occupy vt. 居住; 占用, 使用; 占领; 使忙碌, 使从事
【典型例句】
She occupied herself with routine office tasks.
她忙于办公室的日常工作。
【词块必记】
(1)occupy sb. /oneself with sth. /(in)doing sth. 使某人忙于(做)某事
(2)occupied adj. 有人使用(或居住)的; 被占领的
sb. be occupied with sth. /(in)doing sth. 某人忙于(做)某事
(3)occupation n. 职业, 工作
【知识拓展】常用的表示“忙于做某事”的搭配还有:
①be busy with sth. /doing sth.
②be employed (in)doing sth.
③be engaged in sth.
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I think I was looking for an occupation(occupy) which was suitable for me.
②I have been so occupied(occupy) with my work that I haven’t had time to participate in social activities.
一句多译
③课堂上学生们忙于记笔记。
The students were occupied in taking notes in class.
=The students occupied themselves in taking notes in class.
完成句子
④She reached Karachi on Monday evening, the journey having occupied three days and nine hours.
她在星期一晚上抵达了卡拉奇, 这段行程耗时3天9小时。
5. damage vt. & n. 损害, 损失
【典型例句】
Environmentalists will be on the watch for damage to wildlife. 环保主义者将会密切关注对野生动物造成的伤害。
【词块必记】
(1)damage sth. 损害/损坏/破坏某物
(2)do/cause damage(to sb. /sth. ) (对某人/某物)造成损害
suffer damage 遭受损失
(3)damages (pl. )赔款; 赔偿(金)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment.
②Without oxygen, the brain is damaged(damage) quickly.
完成句子
③Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure(造成的伤害比治愈的要多).
④He warned that the action was damaging the economy.
他警告说该行动正在对经济造成破坏。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
6. work out 锻炼身体, 做运动; 解决, 解答; 计算出
【典型例句】
Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey. Therefore, I hold a positive attitude towards online voting.
如果我们能制订出一些让人们遵守的参与规则, 事情会变得更好。因此, 我对网上投票持积极的态度。
【词块必记】
work at sth. 致力于/努力做某事
work as 担任; 以……身份而工作
work on 从事于; 努力影响或说服; 忙于
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
① The lack of gravity makes bones more fragile and muscles lose strength, so astronauts are encouraged to work out for at least two hours a day.
(锻炼身体)
② In that, you have to work out the exact cost of the two-course meal you cook.
(计算出)
③So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (解决, 解答)
④The research centre worked out a new plan and decided to carry it out immediately. (制订出)
7. rely on 依赖, 依靠; 指望
【典型例句】
These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
现在, 我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来安排我们的工作。
【词块必记】
rely on sb. for sth. 为了某物依赖某人
rely on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事
be relied on to do sth. 被信赖做某事
rely on it that. . . 相信……; 指望……
【误区释疑】 在“rely on it+that从句”中, it是形式宾语, 真正的宾语是后面的that从句。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①You can’t just rely on your parents lending/to lend(lend) you the money.
②If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on.
句式升级
③You may rely on his coming on time.
➝You may rely on him to come on time. (用不定式改写)
➝You may rely on it that he will come on time. (用it作形式宾语改写)
Ⅲ. 经典句式
8. It was an American man called Henry Ford who created the motor car as we know it today.
是一位叫亨利·福特的美国人创造了我们今天所知道的汽车。
【典型例句】
In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. 事实上, 交通规则是与公共秩序密切相关的规章制度的一部分。重要的是要有遵守规则的人。
【句型公式】
(1)陈述句形式: It is/was+被强调部分+that/who. . .
(2)一般疑问句形式: Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who. . . ?
(3)特殊疑问句形式: 特殊疑问词+is/was it+that/who. . . ?
(4)含有not. . . until. . . 的句式: It is/was not until. . . that. . .
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It is my mother who cooks delicious meal for us every day.
②It was because he was ill that he didn’t attend the meeting.
③It wasn’t until he got seriously ill that he knew the importance of health.
完成句子
④As a result, it was his encouragement that(那正是他的鼓励) led to my success.
⑤It was not until all the fish in the river died out that(直到河里所有的鱼都死光了) they realized the importance of environmental protection.
【备选要点】
1. consequence n. 后果, 结果
【典型例句】
To begin with, the name of the movie is Growing Together, which is about the development of our beloved school; as a consequence, it will be not only meaningful but also interesting.
首先, 电影的名字是《一起成长》, 讲述的是关于我们心爱的学校的发展的故事; 因此, 它不仅有意义而且有趣。
【词块必记】
in consequence/as a consequence 结果, 因此
take/suffer the consequences 承担后果, 自食其果
(2)consequent adj. 随之发生的; 作为结果的
consequently= as a consequence=as a result 因此, 所以
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently(consequent), some viewers began to turn away from cinemas.
②Nowadays many young people are even addicted to the Internet. In consequence(consequent), surfing the Internet occupies much of their priceless time.
【知识拓展】“由于, 因为”方式多
①because of ②as a result of
③in consequence of ④as a consequence of
⑤on account of ⑥thanks to
2. argue vi. 争辩, 争吵 vt. 争辩; 证明
【典型例句】
We’re always arguing with each other about money.
我们总是为钱吵嘴。
【词块必记】
(1)argue with sb. on/about/over sth.
就某事与某人争论
argue for/against. . . 赞成/反对……
argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
argue sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
argue that. . . 提出理由说明; 主张……
(2)argument n. 争论, 辩论; 论据, 论点
have an argument with sb. about/over sth.
就某事和某人发生争论
【构词法】
argu(e)+-ment(名词后缀)→argument n. 争论, 争吵
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①As far as I know, they argue for the way to solve the problem.
②When Tom went for the third operation, he argued with his mother.
完成句子
③他反对吸烟。
He argued against smoking.
④他争辩说吸烟有害健康。
He argued that smoking was harmful to health.
句式升级
⑤用非谓语动词连接③④句
He argued against smoking, arguing that smoking was harmful to health.
完成句子
⑥He argued that they needed more time to finish the project.
他提出理由说明他们需要更多的时间来完成该项目。
3. content n. 容纳的东西; 内容; 目录; 容量 adj. 满足的; 满意的 vt. 使满足
【典型例句】
Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building. 火灾导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损毁。
【词块必记】
feel/be content with 对……满足/满意
be content to do sth. 满足于做某事
content oneself with 满足于……
【误区释疑】 content作“容纳的东西, 目录”讲时, 常用复数形式; 作“含量”讲时用单数。
【巧学助记】
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
① I wondered whether he had already known the contents of my telegram. (内容)
② By the time I contented myself with the conclusion that he and I were strangers.
(使满足)
③Some studies analyzed the nutritional content of the foods, including key vitamins, minerals and fats. (含量)
完成句子
④Are you content/satisfied/pleased with the shape of your nose? If not, the climate may be to blame, not your parents.
你对你的鼻子形状满意吗? 如果不满意的话, 可能要归咎于气候而不是你的父母。
4. appreciate vt. 欣赏, 鉴赏; 感谢
【典型例句】
I would appreciate it if you paid in cash.
假如你支付现金的话, 我会不胜感激。
【词块必记】
(1)appreciate sth. 欣赏某物; 感谢某事
appreciate (sb. /sb. ’s) doing sth. 感谢(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if . . . 如果……我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏; 感激
【误区释疑】 appreciate表示“感激”时不用人作宾语, 而以sth. /doing作宾语; 也可后接it+if从句。
【知识拓展】
当某些及物动词由于语义的因素需要在其后接由if或when引导的状语从句时, 习惯上要在状语从句前加一个it——这类及物动词除appreciate外, 还有enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, prefer等。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①I would appreciate it(我将感激不尽) if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent.
②I appreciate your efforts(感谢你的努力)for the development of company.
③In time you’ll appreciate the beauty and subtlety of this language.
总有一天你会体会到这门语言的优美和微妙之处。
语段填词
④I would appreciate it if you will offer your hands in our project and to show our appreciation, we will invite you to appreciate the exhibit of our achievements in the future. (appreciate)
5. suit vt. 适合; 合(某人)心意
【典型例句】
If you want to go by bus, that suits me fine.
要是你想坐公共汽车走, 那对我也合适。
【词块必记】
(1)suit one’s need/suit the need of 满足……的需求
suit one’s taste 适合某人的口味
suit . . . to. . . 使……适合于……
be suited to sth. 适合某事
(2)suitable adj. 适合的, 适宜的
be suitable for. . . 适合于……
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
【易混辨析】 “适合”之辨
suit
指符合某人的口味, 或衣服颜色、款式、质地等的相配或适合, 穿起来协调、好看
fit
指大小、尺寸合身
match
指在大小、色彩、形状、性质方面搭配
go with
与……相配, 协调(与match用法较相似)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Its environment is suitable for the growth of marine life.
②Their ancestors migrated along the river, trying to search for a suitable(suit) area to settle.
③People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited(suit) to communications and trade.
句型转换
④This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and suits the long-stay students better.
→This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay students.
【写作金句】
Owing to your interest in Chinese culture, I recommend that you should choose the Peking University, whose Chinese Literature major suits you, where you can be completely immersed in Chinese comprehensive history and rich culture. 鉴于你对中国文化的兴趣, 我建议你应该选择北京大学, 它的中国文学专业适合你, 在那儿你可以完全沉浸在中国的悠久的历史和丰富的文化中。
6. addicted adj. 沉溺于……的; 上瘾的
【典型例句】
My children are hopelessly addicted to television.
我的几个孩子都无可救药地成了电视迷。
【词块必记】
(1)be/become/get addicted to 对……上瘾
(2)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
(3)addiction n. 上瘾, 着迷, 嗜好
【知识拓展】
以下动词短语中的to均为介词: lead to, look forward to, devote. . . to. . . , get down to, stick to, object to, refer to, accustom oneself to, get/be/become/used (accustomed) to。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①We are addicted to buying(buy) new things on the Internet.
②They come from different places, but they all share a common addiction(addict)—food that is not just spicy (辛辣的).
语段填词
③The latest research suggests that teenagers who are addicted to the addictive Internet are more likely to suffer from depression. To make matters worse, the addiction will be hard to get rid of. (addict)
7. take place 举行; 发生
【典型例句】
Elections will now take place on November the twenty-fifth. 选举现定于11月25日举行。
【词块必记】
(1)take the place of 代替
take one’s place 取代; 就座
(2)in the first place 起初; 首先
in place of 代替
in the place of 在……位置上
in place 在正确位置; 准备妥当
out of place 位置不当; 不得体
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
① The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
(发生)
②Firstly I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place. (在正确位置)
8. go up 上升, 升起; (从一处)到(另一处)
【典型例句】
He believes food prices will go up in the future.
他认为食品价格将来会上涨。
【词块必记】
go around/round 到处走; 流传, 传开
go through 检查; 通过; 经历
go with 与……相配; 和……一起
go without 没有……也行
go by 时间逝去; 过去
go on 持续
go on sale 出售
go out 外出
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①I went up to them and asked how I could help. (靠近)
②We played all our fresh string into the boys’ kites and
they went up higher and higher. (上升)
语段填词
③As time goes by, we have to go through some changes and adapt to them. Now you need to buy the tapes to go with the textbook to practice your listening. (go的短语)
随着时间逝去, 我们不得不经历一些变化并且适应它们。现在, 你需要买一些与课本相配的磁带来练习你的听力。
9. The new“white bike” is not actually white but is an unusual design with bright colours.
新的“白色自行车”不是真正的白色, 而是设计独特, 颜色鲜亮。
【句型公式】
(1)not. . . but. . . 不是……而是……, 表示取舍关系, 常连接主语、表语和宾语。
(2)not. . . but. . . 连接两个主语时, 其谓语动词应与but后的主语保持一致, 即就近原则。
(3)not only. . . but also. . . ; neither. . . nor. . . 和either. . . or. . . 也有此用法。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①The child doesn’t resemble his father but his mother(不像他的父亲而像他的母亲).
②The aim of the show is not to create a hit program but to attract more people to museums(不是创造某个热点节目而是为了吸引更多的人来博物馆).
10. People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.
在阿姆斯特丹, 多年来人们一直在享受骑自行车的好处。
【典型例句】
As a student, I have been learning Mandarin for many years.
作为一名学生, 我多年来一直学习普通话。
【句型公式】
(1)现在完成进行时表示到现在为止一直进行的动作, 这个动作可能仍在进行, 也可能停止了。
(2)现在完成进行时由“have/has +been+ v. -ing”构成; 否定形式“have/has +not+been+v. -ing”; 疑问形式是将have/has提到主语前。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The team have been training(train) hard in preparation for the big game.
②My kids have been annoying(annoy) me and the last straw was when my car broke down.
③She published her first short story at the age of fifteen, and has completed a large number of works, which have been translated(translate) into forty languages.
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Race walking shares many fitness benefits (benefit) with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
2. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)I could see them actually(actual)walking under the sea.
3. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently (frequent), and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.
4. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Designer Jennifer Anderson admits (admit) it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.
5. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)This is often appreciated (appreciate) since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
We were walking in the street to the near Internet bar on a weekend when a car knocked down Tom. We all stood there, 1. frightened(frighten) and unmoved. It was obvious that the car couldn’t pull 2. up immediately. Luckily, a passer-by gave him first aid immediately. After a while Tom came to himself slowly. It was the passer-by 3. who saved Tom’s life. We were all grateful to him. Afterwards, we had to think about why such a bad accident happened to us. If we hadn’t gone to the bar, probably it wouldn’t have occurred.
I 4. admit(admit)that the Internet is of great benefit to us. On the one hand, it is 5. convenient(convenience) for us to do many things. We can 6. appreciate(appreciate)all kinds of programs on the Internet. On the other hand, there are amounts of useful information on the Internet available to us. But nowadays some people rely 7. on the Internet too much and many young people are even 8. addicted(addict) to it. In consequence, surfing the Internet 9. occupies(occupy) much of their time. Last week we held a meeting 10. arguing(argue)about the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet. At last, we worked out a plan to control the time we would spend surfing the Internet.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
I have been interesting in the computer since I was able operate it. I think it is a amazing invention. Last summer, when I was in New York, I go to a computer exhibition, where I saw a new type of robot calling Kilroy. It can help disabled workers. It can understand it’s owner, and follow instructions such as “Turn the page”. Some robots are also used in American hospitals. They can do simply jobs. For example, they brush patients’ tooth in the morning and takes meals from the kitchen to the patients’ rooms. They never get lost because of they have a map of the hospital in their computer memory.
1. 【解析】第一句interesting →interested。 考查-ing和-ed形式的形容词。interested表示“感兴趣的”; interesting“令人感到有趣的”。根据句意, 这里指作者对电脑感兴趣。
2. 【解析】第一句able后面加to。考查不定式。be able to do sth. 表示“能够做什么”。
3. 【解析】第二句a →an。考查冠词。amazing是发音以元音音素开头的单词, 其前面应用不定冠词an。
4. 【解析】第三句go →went。 考查时态。本句讲的是去年夏天的事情, 应用一般过去时。
5. 【解析】第三句calling →called。 考查过去分词。根据句意这里指这个机器人被叫作“Kilroy”, 故用过去分词表被动。
6. 【解析】第五句it’s →its。 考查代词。it’s是it is或it has的缩写。根据句意, 这里应用its, 表示“它的”。
7. 【解析】第七句simply →simple。考查形容词和副词。本词后面是名词jobs, 因此应用形容词修饰名词。
8. 【解析】第八句tooth →teeth。考查名词单复数。这里指机器人给病人刷牙, tooth应该使用复数。
9. 【解析】第八句takes →take。考查主谓一致。本句的主语是“they”, 谓语动词应该用复数。
10. 【解析】第九句去掉第一个of。考查介词。because后面接从句, because of后面接名词、代词和what引导的从句等。
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2019·北京高考阅读理解C)
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案)become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches(数据侵入)of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文。随着声音处理技术和自动化技术的发展, 自动语音电话的逼真程度越来越高, 我们越来越难辨别真假, 这一问题导致可信度难以建立, 但是失去却很容易。
1. How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls?
A. Panicked. B. Confused.
C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段中“Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. ”可知, 作者很失望, 故选D。
2. Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammers can______.
A. aim at victims precisely
B. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidly
D. spread information widely
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. 可知他们可以精确地开展诈骗。故选A。
3. What does the passage imply?
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. Technologies can be double-edged.
C. There are more solutions than problems.
D. Credibility holds the key to development.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。本文主要讲了随着声音处理技术和自动化技术的发展, 自动语音电话更加逼真, 难辨真伪; 当然新技术更多的是带给我们便利和好处, 所以事情要辩证地看待, 故选B。
4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。本文主要分析了自动语音电话会越来越难辨别的原因, 而且这一问题很难解决, 故选C。
【微技能点拨】 立足原文·只推一步 巧解推理判断题
推理判断题要求考生通过文章的文字表述, 上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知信息, 推断出作者没有直接表明的观点或态度。即为“立足原文, 只推一步”。本文中第3题为推理判断题。根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 题干关键词: the passage imply
Step 2 正确选项关键词double-edged及文章大意: 本文主要讲了随着声音处理技术和自动化技术的发展, 自动语音电话更加逼真, 难辨真伪; 当然新技术更多的是带给我们便利和好处, 所以事情要辩证地看待。
Step 3 立足原文, 只推一步: 尝试解答B。
【语用提能】
话题词汇
robocall n. 预录电话
receive vt. 收到; 接待; 接纳
severity n. 严重
means n. 手段; 方法
technology n. 技术
insecure adj. 不安全的; 不稳定的; 不牢靠的
短语句式
pick up 捡起; 获得; 收拾; (汽车; 飞机)乘载; 不费力地学会
a number of 许多
carry out 执行
That’s because. . . 那是因为……
熟词新义
question n. 问题, 疑问; 询问; 疑问句
vt. 询问; 怀疑; 审问
book n. 书籍 vt. 预订; 登记
【微语法填空】
(2019·北京高考阅读理解C改编)
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is 1. __________(actual) real. That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation 2. __________(technology) that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may 3. __________(weak) that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together 4. __________(find)ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, 5. __________abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, 6. __________can be tied to your identity.
1. 【解析】actually。此处修饰形容词real需用副词。故填actually。
2. 【解析】technologies。根据其后定语从句的谓语动词are提示可知此处用名词复数, 故填 technologies。
3. 【解析】weaken。此处情态动词后跟动词一起构成谓语。故填weaken。
4. 【解析】to find。此处用动词不定式表目的, 故填to find。
5. 【解析】or。此处构成either. . . or. . . 或者……或者……。故填or。
6. 【解析】which。 分析句式可知此处用which引导非限制性定语从句, 代替前面的整个句子, 故填which。
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
假定你是李华, 想邀请外教Henry一起参观人工智能展览。请给他写封邮件, 内容包括:
1. 展览时间、地点(4月1日～7日, 科技馆);
2. 展览内容(如智能家用机器人、无人驾驶、人脸识别技术等)。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 尽量使用本单元学过的词汇和短语。
Step 1 写作技巧
根据汉语提示补全句子。
①了解到你是人工智能的狂热爱好者。
Learning that you are a great enthusiast of Artificial Intelligence.
②我写信是想邀请你去欣赏一个关于它的特别展览。
I am writing to invite you to enjoy a special exhibition about it.
③众所周知, 人工智能正在迅速改变我们的日常生活。
As we all know, Artificial Intelligence is rapidly transforming our daily life.
④令我非常高兴的是, 一个关于它的展览将在我们的科技馆举行。
To my great delight, an exhibition on it will be held in our science and technology museum.
⑤展览将于4月1日开始, 为期7天。
The exhibition will start on April 1 and last for seven days.
⑥你可以看到做家务的机器人, 也可以体验自动驾驶汽车。
You can witness robots that do housework, and you can also experience self-driving vehicles.
⑦更有趣的是, 你可以用AlphaGo玩棋盘游戏。
More interestingly, you can play the board game with AlphaGo.
⑧AlphaGo是一个由谷歌开发的计算机程序。
AlphaGo is a computer program developed by Google.
⑨与此同时, 这里将会展示各种最新技术, 包括面部识别。
Meanwhile, a wide varieties of the latest technologies will be displayed, including facial recognition.
⑩你会对这次展览留下深刻的印象。
You will be deeply impressed by the exhibition.
期待您的回复。
Looking forward to your reply.
Step 2 句式升级
把第④、⑤句合并为主从复合句
To my great delight, an exhibition on it will be held in our science and technology museum, which will start on April 1 and last for seven days.
把第⑥句改为含有not only. . . but also. . . 且倒装的句式
Not only can you witness robots that do housework, but you can also experience self-driving vehicles.
Step 3 组句成篇
运用关联词串连以上句子。
Dear Henry,
How is everything going? Learning that you are a great enthusiast of Artificial Intelligence. I am writing to invite you to enjoy a special exhibition about it.
As we all know, Artificial Intelligence is rapidly transforming our daily life. To my great delight, an exhibition on it will be held in our science and technology museum, which will start on April 1 and last for seven days. Not only can you witness robots that do housework, but you can also experience self-driving vehicles. More interestingly, you can play the board game with AlphaGo, which is a computer program developed by Google. Meanwhile, a wide varieties of the latest technologies will be displayed, including facial recognition.
I do believe that you will be deeply impressed by the exhibition. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【加固训练】
The Tradition of Making New Year’s Resolutions
There are so many ways to celebrate New Year and especially New Year’s Eve. Traditions of the season include the making of New Year’s resolutions. That tradition 1 (date) back to the early Babylonians. While popular modern resolutions may include the promise to lose weight or quit smoking, the early Babylonian’s 2 (popular) resolution was to return borrowed farm 3 (equip).
The tradition of using a baby 4 (signify) the New Year began in Greece around 600 BC. It was their tradition at that time to celebrate their god of wine, Dionysus, by parading a baby in a basket, 5 (represent) the annual rebirth of that god as 6 spirit of fertility (多产). Early Egyptians also used a baby as a symbol of rebirth.
7 the early Christians criticized the practice as pagan (异教的), the popularity of the baby as a symbol of rebirth forced the Church to reevaluate its position. The Church finally allowed 8 (it) members to celebrate the New Year with a baby, 9 was to symbolize the birth of the baby Jesus.
The practice that an image of a baby with a New Year’s banner (横幅) is used as a symbolic representation of the New Year 10 (bring) to early America by the Germans. They had used it since the fourteenth century.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了制定新年决心的传统的变化。
1. 【解析】dates。句意: 这个传统追溯到早期的巴比伦人。此处描述的客观事实, 应使用一般现在时, 主语是单数, 谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。
2. 【解析】most popular。句意: 当流行的现代新年决心也许包含减肥或者戒烟的时候, 而早期的巴比伦人最流行的新年决心是归还借来的农场设备。根据语境可知, 此处指那时最流行的一种新年决心, 应使用形容词最高级。故填most popular。
3. 【解析】equipment。句意: 当流行的现代新年决心也许包含减肥或者戒烟的时候, 而早期的巴比伦人最流行的新年决心是归还借来的农场设备。根据句意可知, 此处指“农场设备”, equipment是不可数名词。故填equipment。
4. 【解析】to signify。句意: 使用婴儿来表明新年的传统起源于公元前600年的希腊。根据句意可知, 此处表目的, 应使用动词不定式。故填to signify。
5. 【解析】representing。句意: 在那个时候, 他们的传统是庆祝他们的酒神狄俄尼索斯, 通过举着篮子里的一个婴儿游行, 代表着这位象征多产精神之神每年的重生。represent与parading a baby in a basket 是逻辑主谓关系, 应使用现在分词做状语, 表主动。故填representing。
6. 【解析】the。句意: 在那个时候, 他们的传统是庆祝他们的酒神狄俄尼索斯, 通过举着篮子里的一个婴儿游行, 代表着这位象征多产精神之神每年的重生。根据句意可知, 此处特指“多产精神”, 应使用定冠词。故填the。
7. 【解析】Although。句意: 虽然早期的基督徒批评这种做法是异教的, 但婴儿作为重生象征的流行迫使教会重新评估其立场。根据句意可知, 前后句意存在让步关系, 应使用although引导。故填Although。
8. 【解析】its。句意: 教会最终允许其成员用婴儿来庆祝新年, 这象征着婴儿耶稣的诞生。根据句意可知, 此处指“教会的成员”, 应使用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
9. 【解析】which。句意: 教会最终允许其成员用婴儿来庆祝新年, 这象征着婴儿耶稣的诞生。此处是非限定性定语从句, 先行词是a baby, 在从句中做主语, which可以用来指代不分性别的婴儿或儿童。故填which。
10. 【解析】was brought。句意: 举着新年旗帜的婴儿形象作为新年象征的做法是由德国人带到早期的美国。此处缺少主句谓语动词, 与主语practice是逻辑被动关系, 且描述的是过去的事实, 应使用过去时的被动语态。故填was brought。
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