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2021年上海市高二第一学期英语培优讲义第17讲 考纲词汇&不定式&综合运用【学案】
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这是一份2021年上海市高二第一学期英语培优讲义第17讲 考纲词汇&不定式&综合运用【学案】，共15页。学案主要包含了不定式作主语和表语，不定式作宾语，不定式作补语，不定式作定语，不定式作状语等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2021-2022学年高一升高二英语暑期讲义（上海通用版）
第17讲 考纲词汇&不定式&综合运用 学生版
教学内容
一、 上次课考纲词汇默写
高考英语单词测验7(P73—84)
1. n.顾客
2. vt.破坏，毁灭
3. adj.危险的
4. adj.困难的;艰难的
5. n.文化
6. v.装饰，装潢
7. n. /adj.侦探（的）
8. n.骑自行车的人
9. v./n.辩论；争论
10. n.舞会
11. n.牙医
12. n.勤奋，勤勉
13. vt./n.打败
14. n.窗帘；大幕
15. n.钻石
16. n.群，人群
17. adj.发展中的
18. n.日报
19. v./n,减少，降低
20. vt.治疗，治愈；改掉(坏习惯）
21. vt.拨（电话号码）
22. adj.美味的，可口的
23. vt./n.损害；损坏
24. n.塾子；气垫
25. decay v..
26. cultivate vt.
27. despite prep.
28. dialect n.
29. definite adj.
30. cruel adj.
31. declare vt.
32. destination n.
33. curiosity n.
34. criticize v.
35. defend vt.
36. design vt.
37. digestion n.
38. delete. vt.
39. depart vi.
40. current adj.
41. determination n
42. crown n.
43. devotion n.
44. dignity n.
45. device n.
46. definition n.
47. deadly adj.
48. depress vt.
49. dairy
50. delega
高考英语词组测验7(P73—84)
1. 处理，对待 deal with
2. (在…方面)与…不同 differ from... ( in…)=be different from.. (in...)
3. 对…感到好奇 be curious about
4. (主要)取决于… depend (mainly) on
5. 日以继夜 day and night
6. 在日常生活中in one's daily life
7. 要求做 demand to do
8. 决定（不）做 decide (not) to do
9. 随着…的（快速）发展 with the (fast/rapid) development of
10. 红十字会 the Red Cross
11. 节食 on a diet
12. 做某事有困难 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing
13. 记日记 keep a diary
14. 削减 cut down (on)
15. 详细地 in detail
16. 一整天 all day (long)
17. 献身于，致力于 devote oneself to = be devoted to
18. 相声 cross talk
19. 在某种程度上 to a certain degree
20. 应得… deserve sth. /to do
21. 天黑时 at dark
22. (营养)均衡的膳食a (well-)balanced diet
23. 欠债 be in debt
24. That/It (all) depends.那得看情况而定。
25. 天亮时 at dawn
26. 满足某人/对某物的要求、需求 meet the demand(s) of sb. /for sth.
27. 把…描述成… describe... as
28. 挤满… be crowded with
29. 查词典 turn to/refer to/consult the dictionary
30. 赶上截止时间 meet the deadline
31. 推迟做 delay doing
32. 灭绝 die out
33. 追溯到，起源于 date from = date back
34. 难以描述，无法形容beyond description/ words/expression
35. 在白天 in the daytime
36. 令某人（大为）高兴的是 to one's (great) delight
37. 做好事 do good deeds
38. 在暗处 in the dark
39. 渴望（某人)做 desire (sb.) to do
40. 博士/硕士/学 士学位 a doctor's/ master's/bachelor's degree
41. 至今 to this day
42. 百货商店 department store
43. 切断(水、电、煤等）cut off
44. 决定… decide on/upon
45. 否认做过 deny doing/having done
46. 处于（…的）危险中 in danger (of...)
47. 做决定 make a decision
48. 投递某物给某人deliver sth. to sb.
49. 脱离危险 out of danger
50. 下决心做 be determined to do = determine to do
不定式基本用法
（一）不定式的句法功能
一、不定式作主语和表语
知识学习：
1. 不定式作主语和表语口语中常用it作形式主语。
2. 若说明不定式动作对于执行者的影响，常在不定式前加for sb.。
3. 但是以形容词作表语来说明主语的行为品质时（如kind，goodnice，wise，clever，silly，wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, polite, agreeable等），不定式前加of sb.。
4. 不定式作表语，表示目的、结果、同意、命令、安排、决定、劝告等意义。
专项练习
1. How the problem will be discussed some time later this afternoon.
A. to solve B. to be solve C. being solved D. solving
2. Is it necessary the geography book at once?
A. for her to return B. that she must return
C. her returning D. of him to return
3. It forty-five minutes there by bus.
A. costs... to get B. costs... getting
C. takes... to get D. takes... getting
4. This grammar point is later.
A. to explain B. to have been explained
C. to be explained D. to be explaining
5. Tom seemed the good news.
A. to learn B. to be learning
C. to have learned D. to have been learning
二、不定式作宾语：
知识学习：
1. 只能以不定式作宾语，而不能以动名词作宾语的动词有：
（“希望”干）wish, hope, expect, long, desire;
（早“打算”）plan, mean, prepare, attempt, intend;
（“同意”“否”）agree, consent, refuse, decline;
（“寻”“问”看）seek, ask, beg;
（“选”“定”了）choose, decide, determine, promise;
（“尽”“自愿”）manage, volunteer, tend;
(“称”“失败”）claim, fail;
（“敢”“装蒜”）dare, pretend
2. 可用于“动词+ it+形容词／名词+to do sth.” 结构中的动词有feel, find, make, think, believe, consider等。
3. 以动词不定式作宾语的形容词有happy，glad，pleased，sure，ready，anxious，eager，free，afraid，willing等。
4. 有些介词后也可以不定式作宾语，如介词but，about，except，save等。
专题练习：
1. That evening, he set about writing the report in the next morning.
A. to hand B. handing C. to hand D. to be handed in
2. There seemed nothing to do but for the doctor.
A. leave... send B. left... to send C. left... send D. leaving... send
3. Do you think it difficult a dolphin ?
A. to train... jumping B. training... for jumping
C. to train... jump D. to train... to jump
4. I prefer rather than .
A. to do some reading... watching TV B. doing some reading... watching TV
C. to do some reading... watch TV D. doing some reading... to watch TV
5. The two boys pretended very hard, though they did nothing.
A. study B. studying C. to be studied D. to be studying
三、不定式作补语：
知识学习：
1. 常见的以不定式作宾语补语的动词及短语有ask，allow，advise，beg，call on，expect，force, forbid, invite, teach, would like, depend on. wait for等。
2. 以省略to的不定式作补语的感官动词有：feel（一‘‘感’’），listen to，hear(二‘‘听’’)；have，let，make(三‘‘使”)；look at，see，watch，observe，notice（五‘‘看’’）。但这些感官动词若在被动语态的句子中，动词不定式则必须带to，let除外。
专题练习：
1. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings before firing any shots.
A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued
2. The girl is often listened to songs in the next room.
A. practise to sing B. practise singing
C. to practise to sing D. to practise singing
3. —What can we do to help Li Ming?
—All we can do is to try that he should study even harder.
A. making him to realize B. making him realize
C. to make him realize D. to make him to realize
4. Soon they saw the two strangers in the crowd.
A. disappear B. to disappear C. disappearing D. disappeared
5. Professor Smith has his students compositions every Friday.
A. to write B. written C. write D. writing
四、不定式作定语：
知识学习：
1. 不定式与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，不定式后接的若是不及物动词，应在动词后加上合适的介词。
2. 数词和最高级后常接不定式，如the first，the second，the last，the best等。
3. 有些名词后常接不定式，如time，way，right，chance，reason等。
专项练习
1. —I'd like to buy a car made in Shanghai.
—Okay, Sir. You have several models .
A. to choose B. to be chosen from
C. to choose from D. for choosing
2. It's time rice.
A. for transplant B. of transplanting
C. to transplant D. to transplanting
3. It is a very difficult problem. I need a few days .
A. of thinking over it B. to think it over
C. of thinking it over D. to think over it
4. People need homes and food .
A. to live... to eat B. to live in... to eat
C. live. . . to eat D. to live in... to eat for
5. Columbus was the first the New Continent.
A. to have discovered B. to discover
C. discovering D. having discovered
五、不定式作状语：
知识学习：
1. 不定式作状语主要表目的、结果和原因。
2. 常用的表示目的短语有：to do，in order to do，so as to do，（so as to不能放在句首）。不定式作目的状语，其否定式必须用in order not to或so as not to;不能只用not to do。
3. 常用too…to，enough to，only to，so+形容词／副词+as to，such a+名词+as to等结构表示结果。
4. 常用表示情绪的动词surprised，joy，glad，pleased等后接不定式表示原因。常用独立成分，作插入语，表示说话人的态度，如to tell you the truth，to be exact，to be sure, to be frank (with you),to be honest, to cut a long story short, to start with, to begin with, to say nothing, to be brief等。
专项练习
1. The flat is much too small .
A. for the family to live B. for the family to live in
C. that the family can't live in D. that the family can't live
2. The teacher didn't speak clearly enough .
A. so everyone to understand B. for every one understood
C. for everyone to understand D. for understanding
3. Do you think Julia is easy ?
A. to get along with B. to get along
C. to be got along with D. to getting along with
4. Prof. Bush's talk in English was easy .
A. for us in following B. for us to be followed
C. to be followed D. for us to follow
5. The water-melon juice is nice .
A. to drink it B. to be drunk
C. to drink D. to be drinking
（二）不定式的时态与语态意义
知识学习：
1. 不定式的时态意义
1) 一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是在其后发生。
2) 进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时的，而且正在进行。
3) 完成式：不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作。
a. happen, seem, be reported, be said, be likely等动词的复合谓语中，多使用完成式。
b. 在“be+形容词”结构后使用完成式。
c. 完成式用在某些动词后，如pretend，intend，expect，mean，hope，wish，think，was，were，want，would like等表示过去未实现的愿望、期待或计划。
2. 不定式的语态意义
1) 当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式用被动语态。
2) be+easy/ difficult/ fit/ hard结构中，不定式的主动语态表被动意义。
3) there be结构中不定式多用主动语态表被动意义，也可用被动语态来表示。
4) 当不定式在句子中没有逻辑主语时，不定式最好用被动语态。
专项练习
1. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
2. Robert is said abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
3. One of the salesman in this shop is .
A. saying to have been fired B. said to have been fired
C. saying to have fired D. said do have fired
4. Mr. Brown is said for Italy last week.
A. to have left B. to have C. to be leaving D. to have been left
5. He claimed in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.
A. being badly treated B. to be treated badly
C. treating badly D. to have been treated badly
（三）省去to的动词不定式
知识学习：
1. 并列不定式to只用于第一个动词之前，后面不定式的to要省略。
2. 在had better, would rather, would rather…than, rather than, would sooner, would sooner…than, cannot but, cannot help but, do nothing but, might as well, do nothing besides, do nothing than( except，save)等结构后的动词不定式要省略to。
3. 在（一“感’’）feel，（二“听”）hear，listen to，（三“使”）have，let，make，（五‘‘看’’）look at， see，watch，notice，observe后以不定式作宾补时要省略to;但这些动词用在被动语态的句子中时，则不能省略to。
4. 当动词help意为“帮忙”时，其后的动词不定式可省略也可不省略to；在can’t help意为“不由自主”时，后需接动名词形式；在cannot help but意为“不得不”时，后需接省略to的动词不定式。
5. rather than，sooner than位于句首时，其后的不定式省略to。
6. 主语是all，what引导的从句，或者主语受only，the first，one，least或最高级修饰，且从句或短语中有do时，作表语的不定式一般省略to。
7. 在以why引导的疑问句中不用to。
专项练习
1. I'd rather lose the game .
A. not to hurt him B. not hurt him
C. than to hurt him D. than hurt him
2. Has he any other choice but as you have told him?
A. to do B. do C. doing D. he'll do
3. Tom did nothing else but back all he owned.
A. taken B. took C. taking D. take
4. All the people in the hall couldn't but , hearing such an absurd story.
A. to laugh B. laugh C. laughing D. to laughing
5. —You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so
（四）带介词to的动词短语和不定式的省略
知识学习：
1. 有些动词短语中的to是介词，后需要，接名词或动名词，注意要与动词不定式区分。这些动词短语有get down to，keep to，find one's way'to，put one's heart to，admit to, turn to, lead to, look forward to, put one-s mind to, stick to, be related to, be familiarto, be accustomed to, get used to, be faithful to, see to, be equal to，be object to, in addition to，be open to等。
2. 一些情态动词ought to，need to，dare to，would/ would like to, would love to，used to，have to，be going to，be able to后省略已提到的或已知的内容。
3. 动词want, plan, decide, love, like, promlse, know, forget, prepare, hope, wish, try,refuse，hate，expect，fail，manage，agree，pretend，afford后省略已提到的或已知的内容。
4. 疑问词接不定式作宾语时不定式后可省略已提到的或已知的内容。
5. 形容词afraid, anxious, careful, eager, glad, happy, kind, lucky, proud‘，ready, sorry,able后可省略已提到的或已知的内容。
6. 动词allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, get, order, permit, teach, prefer, want，warn，wish，command，forbid后作主补或者宾补的不定式可省略已提及或已知的内容。
7. 作名词time，chance，duty，right，way定语的不定式可省略已提及或已知的内容。
8. it作形式主语，不定式作逻辑主语时，可省略已提及或已知的内容。
9. 如果重复的不定式是to be或者to have时，通常保留be或have。
10. 作有些感官动词（feel，hear，listen to，let，have，make，see等）的宾补时，to,必须省去。
专项练习
1. Have you got used here now?
A. to live B. living C. to living D. to be living
2. Those who were object the suggestions were asked to put up their hands.
A. to accepting B. to accept C. for accepting D. for
3. —Would you like to go with us for an outing tomorrow?
—Yes, .
A. I'd like B. I'd like to go C. I'd love D. I'd like to
4. Thomas wanted to buy a sports car, but he .
A. wasn't able to B. wasn't able to afford
C. wasn't able D. didn't able to
5. Will you show me a guide book?
A. where to get B. where to getting C. where getting D. where in getting
课堂练习1. 近年高考真题回顾
1. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ________ society for real-life experience.（2013年上海高考）
A. explore B. to explore C. exploring D. explored
2. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed into the sports club.（2012年上海高考）
A. going B. to go C. go D. Gone
3. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem ______ the art of communicating face-to-face.（2011年上海高考）
A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost
4. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.（2010年上海高考）
A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce
课堂练习2. 用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Sandy could do nothing but _____________ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong.
2. With a lot of difficult problems _____________ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
3. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _____________ (play) in making the earth a better place to live.
4. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _____________ (buy)?
5. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, not _____________ (make) it more difficult.
6. _____________ (improve) the employees，working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.
7. China has promised to revise its existing regulations and _____________ (form) new policies according to WTO requirements.
8. _____________ (ensure) the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.
9. Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced _____________ (leave) their homes.
10. Edison was the first scientist _____________ (build) a modern research and development centre.
课堂练习3. 翻译
1. 增加农民的收入是我们现在面临的主要问题之一。（face）
2. 说实话，我真后悔没有帮助他克服困难。（regret）
3. 这些广告旨在吸引消费者购买商品。（appeal）
4. 他碰巧以前做过这个练习。（happen）
1. 跟不定式作宾语的动词有：
打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire)
假装(pretend)喜欢(would like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish)
决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help)
设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)
好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)
选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn)
告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)
2. 不定式的相关句型：
(1) have no choice but to do …….
have nothing to do but do /do nothing but /except do…….
can’t but do/can’t help but do/can’t choose but do
(2) had better do /would rather do /would sooner do /can’t help but do /why not do
would like to do ……..rather than do …….
(3) there is no need to do ……..
(4) it is said /known/reported/thought/considered/believed to do /be doing/have done
(5) only to do /never to do
(6) consider，judge，believe, make, feel, think, find +it +adj.+ to do sth.
(7) ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time ,wish to do
(8) be to blame, be to let 主动表被动
Seven【奉贤区】
A
Have you ever heard the story of the four-minute miles? Many years ago, people believed that it was impossible for a human being to run a mile in less than four minutes until Roger Banister proved it wrong in 1954.
What happens if you put an animal in a pond? Any animal, big or small, will swim its way through. What happens 25 someone, who doesn’t know how to swim, falls in deep water? They drown. If an animal who has not learnt swimming could escape by swimming, why not you? Because you believe you will drown 26 the animal doesn’t.
These three cases show the power of our beliefs. There is no other 27 (powerful) force in human behavior than belief. Your beliefs have the power to create and to destroy.
In a way it is our beliefs 28 determine how much we’ll be able to realize our potential. So pay attention to some of your beliefs. Do you believe you are weak in mathematics? Do you believe that other people dislike you? Do you believe life is full of problems?
Belief is not mysterious, however, it’s nothing but the generalization of a past incident. As a kid, if a dog bit you, you believed all dogs to be dangerous. 29 (change) certain behavior, identify the beliefs 30 (associate) with it. Change those beliefs and a new pattern 31 (create).
B.
While getting ready for school today, my 16-year-old daughter came into my room to give me a big hug and kiss. I asked her, "What do you want?" She said," Nothing, Mum, you always tell us to have a good day before we leave the house, but I was thinking about who tells you to have a good day and lets you know how much you are loved.”
I am so touched by the capacity of love and understanding 32 comes from my children. My 15-year-old son asked me last night 33 there was a(n) way for him to get a summer job this year in order to help us to pay our bills. Unfortunately , in our area, he 34 be 16.
35 of my children depend on me so much because I am a single parent, but just when I pay the bills that I will not be able to provide for them, they come up with ways 36 (help out) . I completely understand that I will not be able to find a way to pay the bills as I do not want my children to take up anything. But for now the fact 37 they have stepped up and offered to help without anyone asking 38 （touch） me.
When my daughter was two, I remember rushing to get to work, getting to the front door and asking her to hurry up and come. Then she appeared at the door 39 a bag that she was holding open. I said," We don't have time for this." She stopped me and said," Fill it with love, Mum." I fell to my knees and hugged her and then kissed her. From then on she would bring the bag and I would bring the love to the door before 40 (leave) for school and work.
(A)
Exploration of the Poles
The North Pole and South Pole are at the top and bottom of the Earth, (25)____________you
won't find an actual pole to mark the place. The poles are the northernmost and southernmost points on the planet. The poles are the most unfriendly environments on Earth.
In the early 1900s, explorers competed to become the first (26)_________( reach ) the South Pole. From 1901 to 1904, British naval officer Robert Scott made the first attempt. Scott got(27)________ ( far ) south than anyone had been before, but he failed to reach the pole.
In 1909, Ernest Shackleton of Britain led an expedition across Antarctica on sleds pulled by dogs.
They were only about 100 miles ( about 160 kilometers ) from the South Pole (28)_______a shortage of food forced them to turn back.
Scott finally reached the South Pole in January 1912. But (29)_______ ( disappoint )Scott found that Roald Amundsen had beaten him by one month. Amundsen's expedition arrived at the pole in December 1911. Amundsen was (30)_________ experienced Arctic explorer, and he had made careful preparations. Scott and his companions died of injury, cold, and hunger on their return from the pole.
In 1914, Shackleton (31)_______ ( plan ) another expedition to the South Pole. But his ship was crushed by ice, and he had to cross 800 miles (1,300 kilometers) of freezing sea in a tiny boat to survive. Shackleton then returned to save his stranded men. It was one of the greatest rescue feats in history.
In 1929, Arctic explorer Richard Byrd became the first person who flew over the South Pole. Byrd later pioneered the idea of (32)________ ( set ) up permanent stations for scientific research in Antarctica. A station called the Amundsen-Scott Base has stood at the South Pole since 1977.
(B)
Teaching in front of a camera
Wageningen University is keen on developing forms of education that reach people all over the world. The basics of the course topics are covered in short films and three-minute to seven-minute presentations (33)____________( use ) techniques such as animation and voiceover（画外音 ).
The online Master's programmes are quite different from the large-scale MOOCs (在线课程 ), explains Busstra. In the Master's courses, the short "knowledge clips" (短片 ) dealing with the essential topics (34) ________ ( link ) to an assignment directly to help the students actively absorb the knowledge themselves. Teachers can also use them to test (35)_______ the material has come across well. Busstra says: " The teacher has to think up new ways of working-getting students to make a film clip, for instance, (36)____ ________ they present a research setup they have thought up themselves, or to respond to someone else's idea, or to work on a document in groups." The students also get the chance to post a question while they are watching an online film---equivalent of putting your hand up during a lecture. Fellow students and teachers can then answer the question online. " There are a lot of misunderstandings about online education, " says Busstra, " one of them being (37)___________there is only one way communication.(38)_________people are gradually gaining confidence in it. It will stay typically Wageningen: small-scale and based on interaction and group work. " .
The investment (39)________ online learning is paying off in the regular education programme too, according to Busstra. Students in Wageningen can pick up the basics at home through the knowledge clips. During lectures, teachers (40)__________ then provide more in-depth analysis, talk about their own work and supervise students more personally. " Increasingly, on-campus and online education will no longer be two separate worlds, " expects Busstra.
课后作业
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Dad,
I’m writing to you as I feel it’s been quite a while since we last spoke (two years to be exact, you hung up on me). So how is Germany? How old are your other children now? What have you been up to this year? I finished my A-levels this summer, but enough small talk. Our European road trip in the summer, the journey took us close to your house and I asked my mom and my stepdad if we could pay a visit so that I could see you. Outside your house, I couldn’t bring myself to get out of the car and knock on the door.
I’ve tried so many different forms of communication---email, the phone and I also suggest Skype ---yet I still can’t get through to you.
My mum, stepfather and I sat around the table trying to figure out why I felt unable to knock on your door that day. At last it came to me, I think, perhaps subconsciously, I was saving my grief of your response.
Why can’t your parental obligations stretch to all three of your children, not just the two recent ones? In our previous conversations, which ended suddenly, as your older son needed to be put to bed, I’d ask you how he was doing at school, and you’d talk about the weather. No one listening would be able to tell there was any difference between our relationship and one you might have with a neighbor.
Forget your excuses----that the flight to visit me is expensive and you need to look after your other children. (I hope you can see the irony in that). While you watch their school plays, don’t you consider that I would have liked you to be there at mine?
Perhaps the reason that I didn't knock on your door was that I don’t care anymore. I am exhausted trying to make this work, maybe a part of me isn’t actually bothered whether I saw you or not that day---you’ve already lost so much meaning in my life, you are someone who just sends me a birthday card.
This isn’t me being bitter, although I was initially. It’s just a way of telling you how I really feel.
Phoebe
66. How did Phoebe feel when she was sitting in the car outside her father’s house?
A. excited B. Puzzled C. Disappointed D. embarrassed
67. Based on this letter we can learn that Phoebe’s father _____________
A. live in the same city with his daughter
B. got divorced and left Phoebe and her mother
C. has never has any communication with Phoebe
D. takes good care of all his children
68. What does the “irony” refer to in paragraph 5?
A. he ended his conversation with Phoebe just to put his son to bed
B. he lives in a big house but has no money to buy an ticket
C. he talked with Phoebe, his daughter, as if with a neighbor
D. Phoebe is also his child but he excused himself of caring about her.
69. Phoebe didn’t knock on his father’s door that day because__________
A. she was afraid of her dad’s unexpected responses to her visit
B. she didn’t want to bother her father’s happy life with his current family
C. she was tied of being the one who make efforts for their relationship
D. she suddenly realized that her father had no meaning in her life
(B)
William Kamkwamba: How I harnessed the wind
At age 14, in poverty and hunger, a Malawian boy built a windmill to power his family’s home. Now at 22, William Kamkwamba, who speaks at TED for the second time, shares in his own words the moving tale of invention that changed his life.
Thomas Suarez: A 12-year-old app developer
Most 12-year-olds love playing videogames—but Thomas Suarez taught himself how to create them. After developing iPhone apps like “Bustin Jeiber,” a hit-a-mouse game, he is now using his skills to help other kids become developers.
Amy O’Toole, Beau Lotto:
Science is for everyone, kids included
What do science and play have in common? Scientist Beau Lotto thinks all people (kids included) should participate in science, and through the process of discovery, change understanding. He’s supposed by 12-year-old Amy O’Toole. Who along with 25 of her classmates, published the first peer-reviewed article by schoolchildren. It starts: “Once a time…”
Lauren Hodge, Shree Bose, Naomi Shah:
Award-winning teenage science in action
In 2011 three young women swept the top prize of the first Google Science Fair. Lauren Hodge, Shree Bose and Naomi Shah describe their extraordinary projects—and their route to a passion for science.
70. The underlined word “harnessed” probably means ________.
A. used B. stopped C. chased D. produced
71. According to the passage, Thomas Suarez ________.
A. made big money by developing games. B. learned to develop apps by himself
C. spent all his time on developing games D. taught adults to develop video games
72. Danny, a 16 year-old boy who is working on a science project and planning to participate in an online competition. Which of the following will be most probably watch?
A. How I harnessed the wind B. A 12-year-old APP Developer
C. Science for Everyone, Kids Included D. Award-winning Teenage Science in Action
73. All the TED videos aim to ________.
A. analyze the different ways to success B. promote the latest science inventions
C. introduce the famous teenage speakers D. encourage passion for science and creativity
(C)
Writer and journalist Critina Odone aroused widespread anger by suggesting that her daughter was being pressured to take science for graduation exams and this was unreasonable for a child with a literary bent. She even claimed that "~~~this focus on STEM [science, technology, engineering and mathematics] subjects sends a message that makes her and me uncomfortable: doing a man's work is more impressive that doing a woman's."
Like many others, I totally disagree with her position a scientist. Taking science to age 16 should simply be seen as part of obtaining a well-rounded education. Furthermore, identifying STEM as a man's subject leads in part to our serious lack of diversity in the scientific workforce. Meanwhile, many male authors and poets might be surprised to learn that literature is "woman's work".
Novelist Lucy Ellman once wrote, "the purpose of artists is to ask the right questions, even if we don't find the answers, whereas the aim of science is to prove some silly points." But proving some silly points might save your life, light your home, allow you to surf the web or visit your relatives living far away. Only someone who has never considered how extensive the outputs of science are in our society could write such a "silly" sentence.
However, having said that, I am not trying to denigrate the work of humanities. I do not see this as an either or situation but it's all part of being human. I admire and appreciate those who try to express things hard to be described in words, but it simply isn't my strength. I may wholehearted believe that science is vital but that doesn't mean I think the humanities(or indeed the social sciences) are not. Since science cost more to do that arts subjects, more funding should go to science. That statement is not equal to saying that the humanities should not be properly funded. Somehow, we are constantly being put in opposition, a divide that is damaging to both scientists and non-scientists.
So why are the humanities important to me? I would say it is exactly because I am human. I sit here typing listening to a Schubert piano trio. I have been reading EP Thompson's The Making of the English Working Class to try to understand how our society was and is the shape it is. Scientists may be capable of dealing with the ethics of their work, but they can't and should not answer the question of whether we should do this in isolation. Answering the many questions that our developing scientific capabilities throw up requires the input of researchers from many fields.
So let us enjoy our capabilities on all fronts, recognizing that we each have different strengths and weaknesses. It's time to ban the damaging divide that sets one part of the research community against another and celebrate our humanity as well as the Humanities.
74. The writer quotes words from Critina Odone and Lucy Ellman to show that ________.
A doing a man's work is more impressive than doing a woman's
B some people may have a narrow understanding of science
C the purposes of artists and scientists are totally different
D a well-rounded education is crucial to the diversity in society
75. By saying "I am not trying to denigrate the work of humanities", the writers probably means _____.
A. I am not an expert in the work of the humanities
B. I don't think the work of the humanities important
C. I don't want to play down the work of the humanities
D. I admire and appreciate the work of the humanities
76. Why does the writer mention listening to music and reading books in paregraph5?
A. To explain how extensive the outputs of science are
B. To call on scientists to understand the society and the shape of it
C. To prove that the humanities are important to scientists too
D. To advise scientists to deal with the ethics of their work.
77. The purpose of the passage is to ___________.
A reveal people's weakness in expressing complex thoughts in words
B reject the idea that science only proves some silly points
C illustrate that scientists have strengths and weaknesses
D appeal to stop treating humanities and science as opposites
2021-2022学年高一升高二英语暑期讲义（上海通用版）
第17讲 考纲词汇&不定式&综合运用 学生版
教学内容
一、 上次课考纲词汇默写
高考英语单词测验7(P73—84)
1. n.顾客
2. vt.破坏，毁灭
3. adj.危险的
4. adj.困难的;艰难的
5. n.文化
6. v.装饰，装潢
7. n. /adj.侦探（的）
8. n.骑自行车的人
9. v./n.辩论；争论
10. n.舞会
11. n.牙医
12. n.勤奋，勤勉
13. vt./n.打败
14. n.窗帘；大幕
15. n.钻石
16. n.群，人群
17. adj.发展中的
18. n.日报
19. v./n,减少，降低
20. vt.治疗，治愈；改掉(坏习惯）
21. vt.拨（电话号码）
22. adj.美味的，可口的
23. vt./n.损害；损坏
24. n.塾子；气垫
25. decay v..
26. cultivate vt.
27. despite prep.
28. dialect n.
29. definite adj.
30. cruel adj.
31. declare vt.
32. destination n.
33. curiosity n.
34. criticize v.
35. defend vt.
36. design vt.
37. digestion n.
38. delete. vt.
39. depart vi.
40. current adj.
41. determination n
42. crown n.
43. devotion n.
44. dignity n.
45. device n.
46. definition n.
47. deadly adj.
48. depress vt.
49. dairy
50. delega
高考英语词组测验7(P73—84)
1. 处理，对待 deal with
2. (在…方面)与…不同 differ from... ( in…)=be different from.. (in...)
3. 对…感到好奇 be curious about
4. (主要)取决于… depend (mainly) on
5. 日以继夜 day and night
6. 在日常生活中in one's daily life
7. 要求做 demand to do
8. 决定（不）做 decide (not) to do
9. 随着…的（快速）发展 with the (fast/rapid) development of
10. 红十字会 the Red Cross
11. 节食 on a diet
12. 做某事有困难 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing
13. 记日记 keep a diary
14. 削减 cut down (on)
15. 详细地 in detail
16. 一整天 all day (long)
17. 献身于，致力于 devote oneself to = be devoted to
18. 相声 cross talk
19. 在某种程度上 to a certain degree
20. 应得… deserve sth. /to do
21. 天黑时 at dark
22. (营养)均衡的膳食a (well-)balanced diet
23. 欠债 be in debt
24. That/It (all) depends.那得看情况而定。
25. 天亮时 at dawn
26. 满足某人/对某物的要求、需求 meet the demand(s) of sb. /for sth.
27. 把…描述成… describe... as
28. 挤满… be crowded with
29. 查词典 turn to/refer to/consult the dictionary
30. 赶上截止时间 meet the deadline
31. 推迟做 delay doing
32. 灭绝 die out
33. 追溯到，起源于 date from = date back
34. 难以描述，无法形容beyond description/ words/expression
35. 在白天 in the daytime
36. 令某人（大为）高兴的是 to one's (great) delight
37. 做好事 do good deeds
38. 在暗处 in the dark
39. 渴望（某人)做 desire (sb.) to do
40. 博士/硕士/学 士学位 a doctor's/ master's/bachelor's degree
41. 至今 to this day
42. 百货商店 department store
43. 切断(水、电、煤等）cut off
44. 决定… decide on/upon
45. 否认做过 deny doing/having done
46. 处于（…的）危险中 in danger (of...)
47. 做决定 make a decision
48. 投递某物给某人deliver sth. to sb.
49. 脱离危险 out of danger
50. 下决心做 be determined to do = determine to do
不定式基本用法
（一）不定式的句法功能
一、不定式作主语和表语
知识学习：
1. 不定式作主语和表语口语中常用it作形式主语。
2. 若说明不定式动作对于执行者的影响，常在不定式前加for sb.。
3. 但是以形容词作表语来说明主语的行为品质时（如kind，goodnice，wise，clever，silly，wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, polite, agreeable等），不定式前加of sb.。
4. 不定式作表语，表示目的、结果、同意、命令、安排、决定、劝告等意义。
专项练习
1. How the problem will be discussed some time later this afternoon.
A. to solve B. to be solve C. being solved D. solving
2. Is it necessary the geography book at once?
A. for her to return B. that she must return
C. her returning D. of him to return
3. It forty-five minutes there by bus.
A. costs... to get B. costs... getting
C. takes... to get D. takes... getting
4. This grammar point is later.
A. to explain B. to have been explained
C. to be explained D. to be explaining
5. Tom seemed the good news.
A. to learn B. to be learning
C. to have learned D. to have been learning
二、不定式作宾语：
知识学习：
1. 只能以不定式作宾语，而不能以动名词作宾语的动词有：
（“希望”干）wish, hope, expect, long, desire;
（早“打算”）plan, mean, prepare, attempt, intend;
（“同意”“否”）agree, consent, refuse, decline;
（“寻”“问”看）seek, ask, beg;
（“选”“定”了）choose, decide, determine, promise;
（“尽”“自愿”）manage, volunteer, tend;
(“称”“失败”）claim, fail;
（“敢”“装蒜”）dare, pretend
2. 可用于“动词+ it+形容词／名词+to do sth.” 结构中的动词有feel, find, make, think, believe, consider等。
3. 以动词不定式作宾语的形容词有happy，glad，pleased，sure，ready，anxious，eager，free，afraid，willing等。
4. 有些介词后也可以不定式作宾语，如介词but，about，except，save等。
专题练习：
1. That evening, he set about writing the report in the next morning.
A. to hand B. handing C. to hand D. to be handed in
2. There seemed nothing to do but for the doctor.
A. leave... send B. left... to send C. left... send D. leaving... send
3. Do you think it difficult a dolphin ?
A. to train... jumping B. training... for jumping
C. to train... jump D. to train... to jump
4. I prefer rather than .
A. to do some reading... watching TV B. doing some reading... watching TV
C. to do some reading... watch TV D. doing some reading... to watch TV
5. The two boys pretended very hard, though they did nothing.
A. study B. studying C. to be studied D. to be studying
三、不定式作补语：
知识学习：
1. 常见的以不定式作宾语补语的动词及短语有ask，allow，advise，beg，call on，expect，force, forbid, invite, teach, would like, depend on. wait for等。
2. 以省略to的不定式作补语的感官动词有：feel（一‘‘感’’），listen to，hear(二‘‘听’’)；have，let，make(三‘‘使”)；look at，see，watch，observe，notice（五‘‘看’’）。但这些感官动词若在被动语态的句子中，动词不定式则必须带to，let除外。
专题练习：
1. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings before firing any shots.
A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued
2. The girl is often listened to songs in the next room.
A. practise to sing B. practise singing
C. to practise to sing D. to practise singing
3. —What can we do to help Li Ming?
—All we can do is to try that he should study even harder.
A. making him to realize B. making him realize
C. to make him realize D. to make him to realize
4. Soon they saw the two strangers in the crowd.
A. disappear B. to disappear C. disappearing D. disappeared
5. Professor Smith has his students compositions every Friday.
A. to write B. written C. write D. writing
四、不定式作定语：
知识学习：
1. 不定式与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，不定式后接的若是不及物动词，应在动词后加上合适的介词。
2. 数词和最高级后常接不定式，如the first，the second，the last，the best等。
3. 有些名词后常接不定式，如time，way，right，chance，reason等。
专项练习
1. —I'd like to buy a car made in Shanghai.
—Okay, Sir. You have several models .
A. to choose B. to be chosen from
C. to choose from D. for choosing
2. It's time rice.
A. for transplant B. of transplanting
C. to transplant D. to transplanting
3. It is a very difficult problem. I need a few days .
A. of thinking over it B. to think it over
C. of thinking it over D. to think over it
4. People need homes and food .
A. to live... to eat B. to live in... to eat
C. live. . . to eat D. to live in... to eat for
5. Columbus was the first the New Continent.
A. to have discovered B. to discover
C. discovering D. having discovered
五、不定式作状语：
知识学习：
1. 不定式作状语主要表目的、结果和原因。
2. 常用的表示目的短语有：to do，in order to do，so as to do，（so as to不能放在句首）。不定式作目的状语，其否定式必须用in order not to或so as not to;不能只用not to do。
3. 常用too…to，enough to，only to，so+形容词／副词+as to，such a+名词+as to等结构表示结果。
4. 常用表示情绪的动词surprised，joy，glad，pleased等后接不定式表示原因。常用独立成分，作插入语，表示说话人的态度，如to tell you the truth，to be exact，to be sure, to be frank (with you),to be honest, to cut a long story short, to start with, to begin with, to say nothing, to be brief等。
专项练习
1. The flat is much too small .
A. for the family to live B. for the family to live in
C. that the family can't live in D. that the family can't live
2. The teacher didn't speak clearly enough .
A. so everyone to understand B. for every one understood
C. for everyone to understand D. for understanding
3. Do you think Julia is easy ?
A. to get along with B. to get along
C. to be got along with D. to getting along with
4. Prof. Bush's talk in English was easy .
A. for us in following B. for us to be followed
C. to be followed D. for us to follow
5. The water-melon juice is nice .
A. to drink it B. to be drunk
C. to drink D. to be drinking
（二）不定式的时态与语态意义
知识学习：
1. 不定式的时态意义
1) 一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是在其后发生。
2) 进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时的，而且正在进行。
3) 完成式：不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作。
a. happen, seem, be reported, be said, be likely等动词的复合谓语中，多使用完成式。
b. 在“be+形容词”结构后使用完成式。
c. 完成式用在某些动词后，如pretend，intend，expect，mean，hope，wish，think，was，were，want，would like等表示过去未实现的愿望、期待或计划。
2. 不定式的语态意义
1) 当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式用被动语态。
2) be+easy/ difficult/ fit/ hard结构中，不定式的主动语态表被动意义。
3) there be结构中不定式多用主动语态表被动意义，也可用被动语态来表示。
4) 当不定式在句子中没有逻辑主语时，不定式最好用被动语态。
专项练习
1. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
2. Robert is said abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
3. One of the salesman in this shop is .
A. saying to have been fired B. said to have been fired
C. saying to have fired D. said do have fired
4. Mr. Brown is said for Italy last week.
A. to have left B. to have C. to be leaving D. to have been left
5. He claimed in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.
A. being badly treated B. to be treated badly
C. treating badly D. to have been treated badly
（三）省去to的动词不定式
知识学习：
1. 并列不定式to只用于第一个动词之前，后面不定式的to要省略。
2. 在had better, would rather, would rather…than, rather than, would sooner, would sooner…than, cannot but, cannot help but, do nothing but, might as well, do nothing besides, do nothing than( except，save)等结构后的动词不定式要省略to。
3. 在（一“感’’）feel，（二“听”）hear，listen to，（三“使”）have，let，make，（五‘‘看’’）look at， see，watch，notice，observe后以不定式作宾补时要省略to;但这些动词用在被动语态的句子中时，则不能省略to。
4. 当动词help意为“帮忙”时，其后的动词不定式可省略也可不省略to；在can’t help意为“不由自主”时，后需接动名词形式；在cannot help but意为“不得不”时，后需接省略to的动词不定式。
5. rather than，sooner than位于句首时，其后的不定式省略to。
6. 主语是all，what引导的从句，或者主语受only，the first，one，least或最高级修饰，且从句或短语中有do时，作表语的不定式一般省略to。
7. 在以why引导的疑问句中不用to。
专项练习
1. I'd rather lose the game .
A. not to hurt him B. not hurt him
C. than to hurt him D. than hurt him
2. Has he any other choice but as you have told him?
A. to do B. do C. doing D. he'll do
3. Tom did nothing else but back all he owned.
A. taken B. took C. taking D. take
4. All the people in the hall couldn't but , hearing such an absurd story.
A. to laugh B. laugh C. laughing D. to laughing
5. —You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so
（四）带介词to的动词短语和不定式的省略
知识学习：
1. 有些动词短语中的to是介词，后需要，接名词或动名词，注意要与动词不定式区分。这些动词短语有get down to，keep to，find one's way'to，put one's heart to，admit to, turn to, lead to, look forward to, put one-s mind to, stick to, be related to, be familiarto, be accustomed to, get used to, be faithful to, see to, be equal to，be object to, in addition to，be open to等。
2. 一些情态动词ought to，need to，dare to，would/ would like to, would love to，used to，have to，be going to，be able to后省略已提到的或已知的内容。
3. 动词want, plan, decide, love, like, promlse, know, forget, prepare, hope, wish, try,refuse，hate，expect，fail，manage，agree，pretend，afford后省略已提到的或已知的内容。
4. 疑问词接不定式作宾语时不定式后可省略已提到的或已知的内容。
5. 形容词afraid, anxious, careful, eager, glad, happy, kind, lucky, proud‘，ready, sorry,able后可省略已提到的或已知的内容。
6. 动词allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, get, order, permit, teach, prefer, want，warn，wish，command，forbid后作主补或者宾补的不定式可省略已提及或已知的内容。
7. 作名词time，chance，duty，right，way定语的不定式可省略已提及或已知的内容。
8. it作形式主语，不定式作逻辑主语时，可省略已提及或已知的内容。
9. 如果重复的不定式是to be或者to have时，通常保留be或have。
10. 作有些感官动词（feel，hear，listen to，let，have，make，see等）的宾补时，to,必须省去。
专项练习
1. Have you got used here now?
A. to live B. living C. to living D. to be living
2. Those who were object the suggestions were asked to put up their hands.
A. to accepting B. to accept C. for accepting D. for
3. —Would you like to go with us for an outing tomorrow?
—Yes, .
A. I'd like B. I'd like to go C. I'd love D. I'd like to
4. Thomas wanted to buy a sports car, but he .
A. wasn't able to B. wasn't able to afford
C. wasn't able D. didn't able to
5. Will you show me a guide book?
A. where to get B. where to getting C. where getting D. where in getting
课堂练习1. 近年高考真题回顾
1. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ________ society for real-life experience.（2013年上海高考）
A. explore B. to explore C. exploring D. explored
2. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed into the sports club.（2012年上海高考）
A. going B. to go C. go D. Gone
3. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem ______ the art of communicating face-to-face.（2011年上海高考）
A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost
4. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.（2010年上海高考）
A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce
课堂练习2. 用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Sandy could do nothing but _____________ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong.
2. With a lot of difficult problems _____________ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
3. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _____________ (play) in making the earth a better place to live.
4. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _____________ (buy)?
5. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, not _____________ (make) it more difficult.
6. _____________ (improve) the employees，working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.
7. China has promised to revise its existing regulations and _____________ (form) new policies according to WTO requirements.
8. _____________ (ensure) the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.
9. Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced _____________ (leave) their homes.
10. Edison was the first scientist _____________ (build) a modern research and development centre.
课堂练习3. 翻译
1. 增加农民的收入是我们现在面临的主要问题之一。（face）
2. 说实话，我真后悔没有帮助他克服困难。（regret）
3. 这些广告旨在吸引消费者购买商品。（appeal）
4. 他碰巧以前做过这个练习。（happen）
1. 跟不定式作宾语的动词有：
打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire)
假装(pretend)喜欢(would like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish)
决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help)
设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)
好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)
选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn)
告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)
2. 不定式的相关句型：
(1) have no choice but to do …….
have nothing to do but do /do nothing but /except do…….
can’t but do/can’t help but do/can’t choose but do
(2) had better do /would rather do /would sooner do /can’t help but do /why not do
would like to do ……..rather than do …….
(3) there is no need to do ……..
(4) it is said /known/reported/thought/considered/believed to do /be doing/have done
(5) only to do /never to do
(6) consider，judge，believe, make, feel, think, find +it +adj.+ to do sth.
(7) ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time ,wish to do
(8) be to blame, be to let 主动表被动
Seven【奉贤区】
A
Have you ever heard the story of the four-minute miles? Many years ago, people believed that it was impossible for a human being to run a mile in less than four minutes until Roger Banister proved it wrong in 1954.
What happens if you put an animal in a pond? Any animal, big or small, will swim its way through. What happens 25 someone, who doesn’t know how to swim, falls in deep water? They drown. If an animal who has not learnt swimming could escape by swimming, why not you? Because you believe you will drown 26 the animal doesn’t.
These three cases show the power of our beliefs. There is no other 27 (powerful) force in human behavior than belief. Your beliefs have the power to create and to destroy.
In a way it is our beliefs 28 determine how much we’ll be able to realize our potential. So pay attention to some of your beliefs. Do you believe you are weak in mathematics? Do you believe that other people dislike you? Do you believe life is full of problems?
Belief is not mysterious, however, it’s nothing but the generalization of a past incident. As a kid, if a dog bit you, you believed all dogs to be dangerous. 29 (change) certain behavior, identify the beliefs 30 (associate) with it. Change those beliefs and a new pattern 31 (create).
B.
While getting ready for school today, my 16-year-old daughter came into my room to give me a big hug and kiss. I asked her, "What do you want?" She said," Nothing, Mum, you always tell us to have a good day before we leave the house, but I was thinking about who tells you to have a good day and lets you know how much you are loved.”
I am so touched by the capacity of love and understanding 32 comes from my children. My 15-year-old son asked me last night 33 there was a(n) way for him to get a summer job this year in order to help us to pay our bills. Unfortunately , in our area, he 34 be 16.
35 of my children depend on me so much because I am a single parent, but just when I pay the bills that I will not be able to provide for them, they come up with ways 36 (help out) . I completely understand that I will not be able to find a way to pay the bills as I do not want my children to take up anything. But for now the fact 37 they have stepped up and offered to help without anyone asking 38 （touch） me.
When my daughter was two, I remember rushing to get to work, getting to the front door and asking her to hurry up and come. Then she appeared at the door 39 a bag that she was holding open. I said," We don't have time for this." She stopped me and said," Fill it with love, Mum." I fell to my knees and hugged her and then kissed her. From then on she would bring the bag and I would bring the love to the door before 40 (leave) for school and work.
(A)
Exploration of the Poles
The North Pole and South Pole are at the top and bottom of the Earth, (25)____________you
won't find an actual pole to mark the place. The poles are the northernmost and southernmost points on the planet. The poles are the most unfriendly environments on Earth.
In the early 1900s, explorers competed to become the first (26)_________( reach ) the South Pole. From 1901 to 1904, British naval officer Robert Scott made the first attempt. Scott got(27)________ ( far ) south than anyone had been before, but he failed to reach the pole.
In 1909, Ernest Shackleton of Britain led an expedition across Antarctica on sleds pulled by dogs.
They were only about 100 miles ( about 160 kilometers ) from the South Pole (28)_______a shortage of food forced them to turn back.
Scott finally reached the South Pole in January 1912. But (29)_______ ( disappoint )Scott found that Roald Amundsen had beaten him by one month. Amundsen's expedition arrived at the pole in December 1911. Amundsen was (30)_________ experienced Arctic explorer, and he had made careful preparations. Scott and his companions died of injury, cold, and hunger on their return from the pole.
In 1914, Shackleton (31)_______ ( plan ) another expedition to the South Pole. But his ship was crushed by ice, and he had to cross 800 miles (1,300 kilometers) of freezing sea in a tiny boat to survive. Shackleton then returned to save his stranded men. It was one of the greatest rescue feats in history.
In 1929, Arctic explorer Richard Byrd became the first person who flew over the South Pole. Byrd later pioneered the idea of (32)________ ( set ) up permanent stations for scientific research in Antarctica. A station called the Amundsen-Scott Base has stood at the South Pole since 1977.
(B)
Teaching in front of a camera
Wageningen University is keen on developing forms of education that reach people all over the world. The basics of the course topics are covered in short films and three-minute to seven-minute presentations (33)____________( use ) techniques such as animation and voiceover（画外音 ).
The online Master's programmes are quite different from the large-scale MOOCs (在线课程 ), explains Busstra. In the Master's courses, the short "knowledge clips" (短片 ) dealing with the essential topics (34) ________ ( link ) to an assignment directly to help the students actively absorb the knowledge themselves. Teachers can also use them to test (35)_______ the material has come across well. Busstra says: " The teacher has to think up new ways of working-getting students to make a film clip, for instance, (36)____ ________ they present a research setup they have thought up themselves, or to respond to someone else's idea, or to work on a document in groups." The students also get the chance to post a question while they are watching an online film---equivalent of putting your hand up during a lecture. Fellow students and teachers can then answer the question online. " There are a lot of misunderstandings about online education, " says Busstra, " one of them being (37)___________there is only one way communication.(38)_________people are gradually gaining confidence in it. It will stay typically Wageningen: small-scale and based on interaction and group work. " .
The investment (39)________ online learning is paying off in the regular education programme too, according to Busstra. Students in Wageningen can pick up the basics at home through the knowledge clips. During lectures, teachers (40)__________ then provide more in-depth analysis, talk about their own work and supervise students more personally. " Increasingly, on-campus and online education will no longer be two separate worlds, " expects Busstra.
课后作业
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Dad,
I’m writing to you as I feel it’s been quite a while since we last spoke (two years to be exact, you hung up on me). So how is Germany? How old are your other children now? What have you been up to this year? I finished my A-levels this summer, but enough small talk. Our European road trip in the summer, the journey took us close to your house and I asked my mom and my stepdad if we could pay a visit so that I could see you. Outside your house, I couldn’t bring myself to get out of the car and knock on the door.
I’ve tried so many different forms of communication---email, the phone and I also suggest Skype ---yet I still can’t get through to you.
My mum, stepfather and I sat around the table trying to figure out why I felt unable to knock on your door that day. At last it came to me, I think, perhaps subconsciously, I was saving my grief of your response.
Why can’t your parental obligations stretch to all three of your children, not just the two recent ones? In our previous conversations, which ended suddenly, as your older son needed to be put to bed, I’d ask you how he was doing at school, and you’d talk about the weather. No one listening would be able to tell there was any difference between our relationship and one you might have with a neighbor.
Forget your excuses----that the flight to visit me is expensive and you need to look after your other children. (I hope you can see the irony in that). While you watch their school plays, don’t you consider that I would have liked you to be there at mine?
Perhaps the reason that I didn't knock on your door was that I don’t care anymore. I am exhausted trying to make this work, maybe a part of me isn’t actually bothered whether I saw you or not that day---you’ve already lost so much meaning in my life, you are someone who just sends me a birthday card.
This isn’t me being bitter, although I was initially. It’s just a way of telling you how I really feel.
Phoebe
66. How did Phoebe feel when she was sitting in the car outside her father’s house?
A. excited B. Puzzled C. Disappointed D. embarrassed
67. Based on this letter we can learn that Phoebe’s father _____________
A. live in the same city with his daughter
B. got divorced and left Phoebe and her mother
C. has never has any communication with Phoebe
D. takes good care of all his children
68. What does the “irony” refer to in paragraph 5?
A. he ended his conversation with Phoebe just to put his son to bed
B. he lives in a big house but has no money to buy an ticket
C. he talked with Phoebe, his daughter, as if with a neighbor
D. Phoebe is also his child but he excused himself of caring about her.
69. Phoebe didn’t knock on his father’s door that day because__________
A. she was afraid of her dad’s unexpected responses to her visit
B. she didn’t want to bother her father’s happy life with his current family
C. she was tied of being the one who make efforts for their relationship
D. she suddenly realized that her father had no meaning in her life
(B)
William Kamkwamba: How I harnessed the wind
At age 14, in poverty and hunger, a Malawian boy built a windmill to power his family’s home. Now at 22, William Kamkwamba, who speaks at TED for the second time, shares in his own words the moving tale of invention that changed his life.
Thomas Suarez: A 12-year-old app developer
Most 12-year-olds love playing videogames—but Thomas Suarez taught himself how to create them. After developing iPhone apps like “Bustin Jeiber,” a hit-a-mouse game, he is now using his skills to help other kids become developers.
Amy O’Toole, Beau Lotto:
Science is for everyone, kids included
What do science and play have in common? Scientist Beau Lotto thinks all people (kids included) should participate in science, and through the process of discovery, change understanding. He’s supposed by 12-year-old Amy O’Toole. Who along with 25 of her classmates, published the first peer-reviewed article by schoolchildren. It starts: “Once a time…”
Lauren Hodge, Shree Bose, Naomi Shah:
Award-winning teenage science in action
In 2011 three young women swept the top prize of the first Google Science Fair. Lauren Hodge, Shree Bose and Naomi Shah describe their extraordinary projects—and their route to a passion for science.
70. The underlined word “harnessed” probably means ________.
A. used B. stopped C. chased D. produced
71. According to the passage, Thomas Suarez ________.
A. made big money by developing games. B. learned to develop apps by himself
C. spent all his time on developing games D. taught adults to develop video games
72. Danny, a 16 year-old boy who is working on a science project and planning to participate in an online competition. Which of the following will be most probably watch?
A. How I harnessed the wind B. A 12-year-old APP Developer
C. Science for Everyone, Kids Included D. Award-winning Teenage Science in Action
73. All the TED videos aim to ________.
A. analyze the different ways to success B. promote the latest science inventions
C. introduce the famous teenage speakers D. encourage passion for science and creativity
(C)
Writer and journalist Critina Odone aroused widespread anger by suggesting that her daughter was being pressured to take science for graduation exams and this was unreasonable for a child with a literary bent. She even claimed that "~~~this focus on STEM [science, technology, engineering and mathematics] subjects sends a message that makes her and me uncomfortable: doing a man's work is more impressive that doing a woman's."
Like many others, I totally disagree with her position a scientist. Taking science to age 16 should simply be seen as part of obtaining a well-rounded education. Furthermore, identifying STEM as a man's subject leads in part to our serious lack of diversity in the scientific workforce. Meanwhile, many male authors and poets might be surprised to learn that literature is "woman's work".
Novelist Lucy Ellman once wrote, "the purpose of artists is to ask the right questions, even if we don't find the answers, whereas the aim of science is to prove some silly points." But proving some silly points might save your life, light your home, allow you to surf the web or visit your relatives living far away. Only someone who has never considered how extensive the outputs of science are in our society could write such a "silly" sentence.
However, having said that, I am not trying to denigrate the work of humanities. I do not see this as an either or situation but it's all part of being human. I admire and appreciate those who try to express things hard to be described in words, but it simply isn't my strength. I may wholehearted believe that science is vital but that doesn't mean I think the humanities(or indeed the social sciences) are not. Since science cost more to do that arts subjects, more funding should go to science. That statement is not equal to saying that the humanities should not be properly funded. Somehow, we are constantly being put in opposition, a divide that is damaging to both scientists and non-scientists.
So why are the humanities important to me? I would say it is exactly because I am human. I sit here typing listening to a Schubert piano trio. I have been reading EP Thompson's The Making of the English Working Class to try to understand how our society was and is the shape it is. Scientists may be capable of dealing with the ethics of their work, but they can't and should not answer the question of whether we should do this in isolation. Answering the many questions that our developing scientific capabilities throw up requires the input of researchers from many fields.
So let us enjoy our capabilities on all fronts, recognizing that we each have different strengths and weaknesses. It's time to ban the damaging divide that sets one part of the research community against another and celebrate our humanity as well as the Humanities.
74. The writer quotes words from Critina Odone and Lucy Ellman to show that ________.
A doing a man's work is more impressive than doing a woman's
B some people may have a narrow understanding of science
C the purposes of artists and scientists are totally different
D a well-rounded education is crucial to the diversity in society
75. By saying "I am not trying to denigrate the work of humanities", the writers probably means _____.
A. I am not an expert in the work of the humanities
B. I don't think the work of the humanities important
C. I don't want to play down the work of the humanities
D. I admire and appreciate the work of the humanities
76. Why does the writer mention listening to music and reading books in paregraph5?
A. To explain how extensive the outputs of science are
B. To call on scientists to understand the society and the shape of it
C. To prove that the humanities are important to scientists too
D. To advise scientists to deal with the ethics of their work.
77. The purpose of the passage is to ___________.
A reveal people's weakness in expressing complex thoughts in words
B reject the idea that science only proves some silly points
C illustrate that scientists have strengths and weaknesses
D appeal to stop treating humanities and science as opposites
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