人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 2 Working the land课堂检测

这是一份人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 2 Working the land课堂检测，共34页。

Unit 2　Working the land　
Using Language
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ. 用本单元适当的单词补全短语
1. confuse the students使学生迷惑
2. have no regret没有遗憾
3. chemical change化学变化
4. at each stage of production在生产的每个阶段
5. make an important discovery有重大发现
6. keep the soil dry保持土壤干燥
7. reduce pollution and waste减少污染和浪费
8. underline the topic sentence画底线标出主题句
9. skim the passage略读课文 
10. make a comment发表评论
11. the root of the problem问题的根源
Ⅱ. 根据语境用适当的词补全句子
1. In addition to my studies, I got involved in lots of social activities.
2. His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching.
3. You’d better turn to your teachers and classmates for help when meeting with any difficulties in study.
4. As we all know, success lies in hard work while laziness leads to failure.
5. Although he tried to focus on his reading in the study, now and then his attention was attracted by the loud music outside.
6. The teacher often makes comments on/about how different the two boys are.
7. I hope you will keep yourself free from/of tobacco and alcohol.
8. We must keep in mind that pride goes before a fall.
9. It was foggy, so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres an hour.
10. In the supermarket the foreign names of the products got mixed up and I was confused about what to buy.  
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子
1. Recently, however, scientists have been finding (已经发现)that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health.  
2. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition(生长得过快而营养不足).  
3. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil(从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物, 比如小麦或玉米).  
4. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in(更富含)minerals and so more fertile(更肥沃).  
　　　　　　　　　　　阅读精析·合作学习
　Task 1　框架宏观建构: 整体理解 

　Task 2　文本微观剖析: 细节探究 
1. 根据文章细节信息完成下列问题。
(1)From the passage, we can see organic farmers are those who _______.  
A. grow crops with chemical fertilizers
B. grow crops with natural fertilizers
C. produce organic fertilizers
D. care for the environment
(2)From the fourth paragraph, we know that _______.  
A. it’s not good to plant grass between crops
B. peanuts use the ground’s surface
C. peas and soybeans should be grown together with corn and wheat
D. vegetables that put down deep roots are harmful to the soil
(3)How many ways do the organic farmers have to keep their soil fertile and healthy?
A. 3. 　　　　B. 4. 　　　　C. 5. 　　　　D. 6.
答案: (1)～(3)BBB
2. 运用语句知识解构课文中的长难句。

译文: 为了阻止风把土壤吹走或水把土壤冲走, 使用有机耕作的农民们更喜欢在作物之间种草并且把它留在地里成为下一年作物的天然肥料。
根据文章内容完成空格。
CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?
Scientists’ discovery
◆Long-term use of chemical fertilizers can cause (1)damage to the land and people’s health.
Problems caused by chemical fertilizers
◆They damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the (2)harmful ones.
◆Chemicals stay in the ground and underground water for a long time, which (3)affects crops, animals and humans.
Farmers and customers turn to organic farming
◆Organic farming is simply farming (4)without using any chemicals.
◆Organic farmers often prefer using natural waste from animals as (5)fertilizer.
Other methods to keep the soil fertile.
◆They often change the kind of (6)crop in each field every few years.
◆Organic farmers plant crops to use different levels of (7)soil.
◆Some organic farmers prefer planting (8)grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crop.
Task 3　阅读思维升华: 主题实践 
1. 结合课文主题, 回答下列问题。
What do you know about organic farming in general?
Organic farming is important as more and more people focus on the quality of the food we eat. It means growing crops without using any chemicals. The main reason for using organic farming methods is to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment and people’s health.  
2. 根据提示, 运用本单元词汇与句型完成短文。
(1)他过去很胖, 人们经常议论(comment)他的身材, 这让他很烦恼。(make+宾语+宾语补足语)。
(2)妈妈告诉他他应该锻炼, 因为这有助于他增强体质(build up).
(3)他按照妈妈告诉他的那样去做了, 减轻了(reduce)10千克体重。
(4)他成为了社区的焦点(focus)人物, 许多人问他是如何成功减肥的。
He used to be overweight and people were always making comments on his shape, which made him annoyed. His mother told him that he should take exercise because it could help him build up his body. He did as his mother told him and reduced his weight by 10 kilos. He became the focus of his community and many people asked him how he managed to lose weight.  
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　要点精研·探究学习
1. confuse vt. 使迷惑; 使为难
*It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students. 再次对此作出解释是很重要的, 否则我们会让学生们感到迷惑的。
*Don’t confuse the word “crop” with “grain”.
不要把“crop”和“grain”这两个单词弄混了。
*I am still a bit confused about what happened.
我对发生的事仍有点困惑。
*The instructions are so confusing that I am totally confused.
说明书太令人费解了, 我完全糊涂了。

(1)confuse A with B　把A与B混淆
(2)confused adj. (人)不知所措的; 困惑的
be confused about. . . 对……感到困惑
(3)confusing adj. (事/物)令人困惑的; 难懂的

v. -ing形式的形容词表示“事物”的性质和特征, 意为“……的; 令人……的”; v. -ed形式的形容词往往表示“人”所处的状态, 常用来描述人, 意为“感到……的”。另外, 修饰face, look, expression, voice等时, 常用v. -ed形式的形容词。
【巧学助记】一言串记confuse
From his confused expression, the student is confused about the confusing problem.
从他困惑的表情看, 这个学生对这个令人困惑的问题感到困惑。

(2019·江苏高考) In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high.
一周内, 他就成了拥有一个500英尺高的圆锥体的困惑主人。

(1) 语法填空。
①This is a very confusing (confuse) experience.
②We felt confused with the difficult question.
③I’m very confused about English pronunciation.
(2)同义句改写。
He was confused with the present situation so he didn’t know what to do next. (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写)
Confused with the present situation, he didn’t know what to do next.  
2. regret vt. 遗憾; 惋惜n. 遗憾; 懊悔
*—You should say sorry to your brother.
—No, I don’t regret quarrelling with him.
——你应该向你的兄弟道歉。
——不, 我不后悔与他吵架。
* I regret to tell you that I can’t travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time.
我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你去北京旅游了。
*Much to my regret/To my great regret, I am unable to accept your invitation.
令我深感遗憾的是, 我不能接受你的邀请。

(1)regret doing/having done. . . 　后悔做了……
regret to. . . 对要做的事情感到遗憾
(2)with regret 遗憾地
to one’s regret 令某人遗憾的是
feel regret for 为……感到遗憾
(3)regrettable adj. 可惜的, 可叹的
【巧学助记】 regret用法串记
I regretted to tell her that she had been dismissed. Much to my regret, she said to me, “I have no regret. I only regret having taken the wrong job. ”
我很遗憾地告诉她她被解雇了。让我深感遗憾的是, 她对我说: “我没有任何遗憾, 我只是后悔选错了工作。”

(2019·浙江高考)When she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call.
当她挂断电话时, 她对她处理电话的方式感到遗憾。

Anger begins with folly and ends with regret.
愤怒以愚蠢开始, 以悔恨结束。(喻指: 由于冲动而导致的愤怒, 最终会后悔发生的事情。)

(1) 语法填空。
①Jerry did not regret giving/having given(give) the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.  
②I regret to inform(inform) you that your team is defeated.  
③It’s regrettable(regret) that classical music receives so little attention.
④We heard with regret that you were not successful in your plan.
(2) 我对发生的事真的感到后悔。
I really feel regret for what happened.  
(3) 遗憾的是, 我们错过了最后一班公共汽车。
To our regret, we missed the final bus.  
3. focus n. 焦点; 中心点　vt. 集中; 聚焦
*They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.
他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。
*I can’t focus my attention on study with so much noise outside. 外面噪音这么大, 我不能把注意力集中在学习上。
*The incident brought the problem of violence in schools into focus. 这次事件使校园暴力问题成为焦点。

(1)focus on　　集中(注意力、精力等)于
focus one’s attention/one’s thoughts/one’s eyes on. . .
集中注意力/思想于……/眼睛注视着……
(2)bring/throw sth. into focus
使集中在焦点上; 使清楚起来; 使明朗化; 使突出
【知识延伸】与focus on同义的短语还有:
concentrate. . . on; keep one’s eyes on; fix. . . on; center on

(1) 语法填空。
①Having focused his attention on urgent problems, he hardly has time to play games with you.
②Bring the subject into focus if you want to have a good picture.
③With his attention focused (focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.
(2)一句多译。
他集中精力学习。
①He focused his attention on his study. (focus) 
②He fixed his attention on his study. (fix) 
③He was absorbed in his study. (absorb) 
④He applied himself to his study. (apply) 
⑤He concentrated his attention on his study. (concentrate) 
4. reduce vt. 减少; 减缩
*A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.
健康的土壤减少了病害, 并且有助于农作物的茁壮成长。
The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25.
雇员人数从40人减少到了25人。
*If you buy more than ten, they will reduce the price by 10 percent.
你如果买10个以上, 他们就会把价格降低10%。

(1)reduce. . . by. . . 　　　　把……减少了……
reduce. . . to. . . 把……降到……
reduce. . . from. . . to. . . 把……从……减少到……
reduce the speed 降低速度
(2)reduction n. 减少; 缩小

　　reduce“减少”的近义词是decrease, 反义词是increase, rise(增加)。这三个词与reduce用法一样, 后可接to. . . 表示增减的结果, 接by. . . 表示增减的幅度。

(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress.
事实证明, 只要看到绿色的、不断生长的东西就能减轻压力。

(1)语法填空。
①She reduced her weight by 6 kilos to 30 kilos.
②She is almost reduced(reduce) to a skeleton.
(2)句式升级。
She reduced her weight by 6 kilos to 30 kilos, almost reduced to a skeleton. (用过去分词短语作状语把上题①②两句连接成一个句子) 
5. comment n. 评论; 议论　vi. &vt. 表达意见; 作出评论
*She made helpful comments on my work.
她对我的工作作出了有益的评论。
*I’m not in a position to comment on the matter.
我无权对这件事发表评论。
*—Can you say something about the present situation?
—Sorry, no comment!
——你能对当前的形势说说自己的看法吗?
——对不起, 无可奉告!

(1)make comments on/about. . . 　　对……加以评论
No comment! 无可奉告!
offer comments 提意见
(2)comment on/upon sth. 对……发表评论
comment that. . . 评论说……

(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) Be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
务必使用在线课程评估来冷静地提供你的评论观点。

(1)语法填空。
①I don’t feel I can comment on their decision.
②I think I can make comments (comment) on their tasks.
(2)Researchers who read the report commented that it had many mistakes.  
读了这份报告的研究人员评论说里面错误百出。
6. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile.  
他们觉得这可以让地里的土壤更富含矿物质, 从而变得更肥沃。
【句式解构】
此句为主从复合句, that引导的从句作动词feel的宾语。句中“makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile”为“make +复合宾语”结构。其中“richer in minerals and so more fertile”为宾语补足语。
*Many farmers fertilize their crops in order to make them grow more quickly.
许多农民给庄稼施肥是为了让它们长得更快。
*I wish to make this matter known to the general public.
我想让公众知道这件事。
make+宾语+宾语补足语
make sb. do sth. 　　　　　　(迫) 使某人做某事
make sb. /sth. +形容词/副词 使……处于某种状态
make sb. /sth. +名词 使……成为……, 让……当……
make sb. /sth. done 使某人/物被……(宾语和宾语补足语之间是被动关系)

(1)语法填空。
①My parents would like to make me study (study) 24 hours a day.
②The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself heard (hear).  
(2)The boy has an eye for pictures, which makes his parents very happy.  
这个男孩对画有鉴赏力, 这使他的父母很高兴。
【要点拾遗】
1. build up 逐渐增强; 建立; 开发
*You must build yourself up after your illness.
患病之后你必须增强体质。
*Their achievements have built up my confidence and determination in my career.
他们取得的成就增强了我对事业的信心和决心。
*Taking exercise helps us build up our body and keep a clear mind. 锻炼有助于我们增强体质, 保持头脑清醒。

build oneself up　　　　　　　　　增强体质
build up a fame 树立名声
build up one’s health/body 增进健康
动词+up构成的短语
turn up　　 　调大
set up 建立
make up 编造; 化妆
bring up 抚养; 呕吐
take up 占据; 从事
pick up 拾起; 偶然学会; 用车接某人

(1)写出下列句中黑体部分的含义。
①Their words built up my confidence after the interview. (增强)
②They built up this business after ten years’ struggle. (建立)
③It is reported that a big oil well has been built up in the South Sea. (开发)
(2)The more confidence you build up in yourself, the greater are your chances of success.
译: 你对自己建立的自信心越强, 成功机会就越大。
2. lead to 导致, 造成(后果)
*Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
过多的工作和过少的休息常会引起疾病。
*The receptionist led the way to the meeting room.
接待员引路来到了会议室。
*What was it that led you to say that?
是什么导致你那样说的?

lead a. . . life　　　　　　过……的生活
lead. . . to/into. . . 把……领到/领进……
lead sb. to do. . . 使某人做……
lead the way 引路; 带路

　　lead to中的to是介词, 后应接名词或动名词作宾语。同义于result in/bring about, 意为“导致”。
【巧学助记】语境巧记lead短语
He led the way, and led us to a village of Tibet. There we found the local people led a happy life.
他带路, 把我们领到了西藏的一个小村庄。在那里, 我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。
【知识延伸】含有介词to的短语
be/get used to　　　　　　　　习惯于
look forward to 期待, 盼望
be/get accustomed to 习惯于
stick to 坚持
get down to 着手
adapt to 适应
adjust to 适应
be addicted to 对……上瘾
pay attention to 注意

(2019·天津高考)Small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.
顶级食肉动物的微小变化会对整个生态系统产生巨大影响。

(1)语法填空。
①The accident led to five people being killed (kill), including a child.  
②The news leads me to believe (believe) that they will come.  
(2)一句多译。
这个政策将给这个地区带来更大的不稳定。
①This policy will lead to greater instability in the region. (lead) 
②This policy will result in greater instability in the region. (result) 
③This policy will contribute to greater instability in the region. (contribute) 
④This policy will give rise to greater instability in the region. (rise) 
3. keep. . . free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等); 使……不含(有害物)
*This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.
这也使空气、土壤、水和农作物免受化学物质的污染。
*They like living in a village, free from/of crowds and noises.
他们喜欢住在村子里, 远离人群和喧闹。
*I think all caged birds should be set free.
我认为所有关在笼子里的鸟儿都应该被放出去。
*These exercises help free the body of tension.
这些训练活动帮助放松紧张的身体。

be free from/of　　　　　　不受……伤害
for free/free of charge 免费
free sb. /sth. from/of sth. 解除; 去除
set free 释放

(1)语法填空。
①A judge must be free from prejudice.
②Your order will be delivered for free within a ten-mile limit.
(2)I have tried to keep the wound free from infection.  
我已想办法使伤口不感染。
4. summary n. 总结; 摘要; 概要
*Picture 7 shows a summary of the two tasks currently set up in this system.
图 7 显示了当前在本系统中建立的两个任务的概要。
*In summary , this was a disappointing performance.
总的来说, 这场演出令人失望。
*Please summarize the types and processes of blessings described in this lesson.
请总结在本课中描述的祝福的类型和过程。

(1)make/write a summary of　做/写总结
in summary 概括地说; 总之; 简要地说
(2)summarize vt. &vi. 概括; 总结; 汇总
to summarize 总的来说

(1)语法填空。
①The following is a summary of our conclusions.
②Finally, it summarizes (summary) the main ideas and shortcomings in this paper.
③In summary, it is my opinion that this complete treatment process was very successful.
(2)Then, write a quick summary of the conversation and why you are perfect for the job.  
然后, 写一个谈话的快速摘要以及为什么你非常适合这份工作。
5. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.  
像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤, 从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物, 比如小麦或玉米。
【句式解构】
本句中making it. . . 为现在分词短语作结果状语, 表示前面的情况所造成的结果, 相当于and made it ready for crops. . . ; that 引导定语从句, 修饰 wheat or corn。
*He cut off the wire, preventing a big fire.
他剪断电线, 阻止了一场大火。
*Many people from all over the world have moved to America, making it the most multicultural country in the world.
来自世界各地的很多人去了美国, 使之成为世界上最多元文化的国家。

　　现在分词短语作结果状语, 表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果; 不定式短语作结果状语表示偶然的、意料之外的结果, 且前面常有only修饰。
*He hurried to the airport, only to be told that the plane had taken off. 他匆忙赶到机场, 结果被告知飞机已经起飞了。

(1)语法填空。
①I tore the box, only to discover(discover) that some of the parts were missing.  
②Jack has made great progress, making(make) his parents pleased.
(2)把句子改为以现在分词短语作结果状语的句子。
More highways have been built in China, and makes it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
→More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.  
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　主题活动·迁移应用
Ⅰ. 语用功能表达
1. 描述农业常用词
(1)agriculture　　　　　农业
(2)agricultural 农业的
(3)harvest 丰收
(4)yield 产量
(5)work 工作
(6)work hard 努力工作
(7)produce 生产
(8)labor force 劳动力
(9)labor viewpoint 劳动观念
(10)workday 工作日
(11)means of labor 劳动方式
(12)honorable 光荣的
(13)be devoted to 奉献于……
2. 介绍农业情况的常用句式
(1)Have you ever dreamt of tasting green vegetables without chemical fertilizer every day?
你梦想过能天天品尝没有化肥的绿色蔬菜吗?
(2)It has expanded to a big farm covering an area of more than 1, 000 mu in the past two decades.
历经20年它已经扩展成占地1 000多亩的大农场。
(3)What really makes it different from the others is that the vegetables here are grown without any chemical fertilizer.
真正让它与众不同的是这里的蔬菜在种植过程中没有使用任何化肥。
(4)The rich soil makes these vegetables full of nutrition.
肥沃的土壤让这些蔬菜营养丰富。
Ⅱ. 话题情景交流
Adam: I’d like to help pitch in with dinner.
Sophie: Really? You’re joking.
Adam: No. I’d like to 1. do something special for you(为你做点特别的事) on your birthday.  
Sophie: I’d like that. Alright, put on this apron first.
Adam: OK. . . Now how can I help, honey?
Sophie: Hmm, let me see. . . Boil some water and then 2. whisk two eggs(打/搅拌两个鸡蛋).  
Adam: Easy. I could do that with my eyes closed. (after a while)Done.
Sophie: Not bad. Okay, now 3. take some meat and potatoes (拿些肉和土豆)from the fridge.  
Adam: How many potatoes do you need?
Sophie: Three. And 4. bring four bell peppers(拿四个甜椒来).  
Adam: Gotcha. . . OK. Here they are.
Sophie: Now wash them, then cut the potatoes and bell peppers off. Then 5. slice the meat(把肉切成片).  
Adam: Where’s the peeler?
Sophie: It’s in the cabinet. . . Adam, 6. the gas cooker doesn’t work(煤气灶坏了).  
Adam: What? Oh shit! I cut my finger.
Sophie: Let me take a look at that. . . I can’t stop the bleeding. We need to go to the hospital.
Adam: I guess 7. cooking is not as easy as I thought(做饭不像我想的那么容易).  
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 语段填词
1. While skimming (浏览) an article, he always underlines (画底线标出) the words he doesn’t understand so that he can look them up in the dictionary later.
2. In summary(总结), people don’t want to comment (作出评论) on what he did.
3. I regret (遗憾) to tell you that your son didn’t focus (集中)on what the teacher said in class yesterday.
4. I’m confused(感到困惑的)why they are working day and night, but the yield per unit area is reducing(减少).
5. The soil(土壤) provides much nutrition(营养) for our crops.
Ⅱ. 选择合适的短语填空
make a comment on, keep. . . free of, turn to, be confused about, reduce to, focus. . . on, lead to, build up, keep in mind, rid. . . of
1. We should use new energy to keep our environment free of pollution.  
2. The professor, opposed to carrying out the project, made a comment on the report.  
3. People are confused about all the different labels on food these days.  
4. The temperature is 36 degrees, but it will be reduced to 20 degrees in the night.  
5. We should focus our attention on our study at school.
6. The reform has led to a lot of benefits to the people and greatly improved their living standards.  
7. The doctors tried their best to build up the patient’s confidence before the operation.  
8. Once you get addicted to something, it is very hard to rid yourself of it.
9. He turns to the dictionary whenever he meets a new word.  
10. You should keep in mind that your parents love you most.  
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. The firm is too small to compete against large companies.  
该公司太小, 无法与大公司竞争。
2. The Grade Two classes have been observing the plants around the school and finding the animals that live there.  
二年级各班一直在学校周边观察植物和寻找生活在这里的动物。
3. You look as well as you did ten years ago.  
你的身体看起来还和十年前一样好。
4. Carbon burns in oxygen or air, thereby forming carbon dioxide.  
碳在氧或空气中燃烧, 因而形成了二氧化碳。
5. In addition to the price, you have to pay the sales tax on it.  
除了价格, 你还得为它付销售税。
课文语法填空
　　Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers 1. ___________ (have) become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed 2. ___________ (they) as a great way to stop crop disease and 3. ___________ (increase) production.
4. ___________(recent), however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage 5. ___________ the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health. With these 6. ___________ (discovery), some farmers are beginning to turn to organic farming, 7. ___________ is simply farming without using any chemicals. There 8. ___________ (be) many different organic farming methods. All of them have 9. ___________ same goal: to grow good food and without 10. ___________ (damage) the environment or people’s health.  
1. 【解析】has。考查时态及主谓一致。此处主语为“using chemical fertilizers”, 且根据时间状语“Over the past half century”可知, 此处应为现在完成时态的第三人称单数形式。
2. 【解析】them。考查代词。此处指代前文出现的“chemical fertilizers”, 且作动词welcome的宾语。
3. 【解析】increase。考查非谓语动词。此处为结构“a way to do ”, 承前省掉to。
4. 【解析】Recently。考查词性转换。修饰整个句子用副词形式。
5. 【解析】to。考查固定搭配。cause damage to 对……造成损害。
6. 【解析】discoveries。考查名词单复数。由these可知, 此处需用名词复数形式。
7. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处which引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词organic farming, 且which在从句中充当主语。
8. 【解析】are。考查主谓一致。此处为“there be句型”, 主语为methods。
9. 【解析】the。考查冠词。the same. . . 为固定用法。
10. 【解析】damaging。考查非谓语动词。without+动词-ing。
课时素养评价
六　Unit 2　Using Language

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. The role of a newspaper is to present and comment on the news.
2. Agriculture and industry are the base on which to build up the nation.
3. We want to give all children a world free from violence.  
4. She reduced her weight by five kilograms last month.
5. But frankly, they were much richer (rich) in the spiritual world.
6. No wonder you are so tired. You have been working (work) all day.  
7. Thick black ink like that won’t wash off easily.  
8. She looked at her watch and turned regretfully (regretful) towards home.
9. Ted was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time. (confuse)
10. The discovery (discover) of the new evidence eventually led to the official’s being arrested.
Ⅱ. 选词填空
be confused about, reduce . . . by, keep in mind, build up, lead to, turn to, focus on, make comments on, in addition, put down
1. The teacher is explaining what we were confused about.  
2. She has always been encouraged to swim to build up the strength of her muscles.  
3. I had prepared for the meeting by putting down what I wanted from them.  
4. It took an extraordinary effort to focus on preparing his classes or correcting his students’ work.  
5. The shopkeeper reduced the price by 20 percent.
6. If you have any questions, you can turn to me at anytime.  
7. In addition, computer is also very helpful for study and work.  
8. You must keep in mind that you shouldn’t look down upon anyone whatever they wear.  
9. Excuse me. Does this road lead to the railway station? 
10. Famous experts are often invited to CCTV to make comments on the current situation.  
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. It creates a sticky brown residue on pots that can be washed off.  
它会在罐子上产生粘稠的棕色残渣, 可以洗掉。
2. Tom, as well as Jane and Rose, is going to the farm on foot.  
汤姆, 还有简和罗斯, 将步行去农场。
3. He didn’t come today, making it necessary for us to find someone to do his work.  
他今天没来, 所以我们必须找人做他的工作。
4. I have been waiting for you for three hours.  
我已经等了你三个小时。
5. No wonder you can’t find anybody here; they’re all away at a meeting.  
难怪你找不到任何人, 他们都开会去了。

Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
　　Nowadays people are facing lots of threats(威胁) all over the world.
　　A serious threat to farmers in many parts of the world is, erosion(侵蚀). Erosion happens if a large area of land is cleared of trees and is then badly treated by the farmers. The rain and winds may gradually wash away, or blow away much of the topsoil. When this happens, crops of wheat and corn become weaker and weaker until nothing grows well. If erosion continues, it will turn good land into a desert.
In the past, when erosion appeared, farmers sometimes moved to a new place to farm. Sometimes they could not move, but continued to try to grow food in the unhealthy soil. This caused them to sink into poverty. Soon some people realized that there was little rich, fertile soil in the world. The government began to try to stop erosion.  
　　One of the first experiments to stop erosion began in the United States in 1933. The experiment was carried out in the area of the Tennessee River. Flood and bad farming in this area had ruined the land that had once been rich. As a result, most of the people living around the Tennessee River were very poor.
　　The government built big dams across the river and stored the water for use during the dry season, when there was no rain. The government workers also helped the farmers fertilize their soil and learn new farming methods which could stop erosion.
In the beginning, the farmers were not interested. But soon, good healthy crops began to appear on the land where new methods were used. Ten years after that the crops were extremely good. The great success of this experiment led to similar projects in other parts of the world.
　　With the development of science and technology, people are trying to get rid of all the threats they are facing. However, it’s not an easy job, because at the same time people are polluting their homeland.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。世界上许多地方的农民面临的一个严重威胁是水土流失, 文章说明了历史上人们采取的一些防止水土流失的措施。随着科学技术的发展, 人们正试图摆脱他们面临的所有威胁。然而, 这不是一件容易的工作, 因为与此同时, 人们正在污染他们的家园。
1. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Tennessee River area?
A. It was an area seriously affected by erosion.
B. It used to be a poor and infertile land.
C. It often suffered from floods.
D. It has become a model for other parts of the world to follow.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The experiment was carried out in the area of the Tennessee River. Flood and bad farming in this area had ruined the land that had once been rich. ”可知, 田纳西河流域曾经不是贫瘠的地方。故B选项表述错误。
2. What does the underlined words “to sink into poverty” in the third paragraph mean?
A. to become very poor
B. to lose topsoil in erosion
C. to become weaker and weaker until nothing grows well
D. to return into a desert
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据画线部分上句“Sometimes they could not move, but continued to try to grow food in the unhealthy soil. ”可知, 有时他们不能移动, 只能继续尝试在不健康的土壤上种植食物, 这造成了他们继续陷入贫困。故to sink into poverty意为“陷入贫困”。故选A。
3. What’s the main purpose of this passage?
A. How erosion happens
B. The importance of using new farming methods
C. The serious result of erosion
D. Something can be done to prevent erosion
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“A serious threat to farmers in many parts of the world is, erosion. ”可知, 文章旨在告诉人们可以采取一些措施防止水土流失。故选D。
B
(2020·梅州高一检测)
　　China, endowed with rich agricultural resources, has a long history of farming. The traditional farming practice with intensive(精细的) cultivation(耕作) as its essence is one of the most important achievements of the human civilization. The development of agriculture and rural areas in China is faced with many problems. The Chinese government has made a number of important policies and measures to cause a faster growth of farmers’ income and narrow the ever enlarging income gap between rural and urban residents as soon as possible mainly through finishing a strategy of balanced social and economic development. We’ll give top priority in all work to solving problems facing agriculture, farmers and rural areas, focusing on the following seven aspects.
　　Firstly we’ll promote faster increase of farmers’ income. Secondly we’ll protect and increase the overall capacity of grain production. Thirdly we will continue to promote strategic restructuring of agriculture. Fourthly we’ll actively promote progress in agro-science and enhance work of agricultural high-tech and key research programs, and increase its reserve level. Fifthly we’ll further open agriculture to the outside world and actively develop agricultural trade with other countries. Sixthly we’ll speed up the transfer of rural labors and develop rural secondary and third industries. Seventhly we’ll continue to deepen rural reforms.
　　Priorities(优先权) will be placed on reform of rural land system, tax and administrative charges, grain distribution system and rural financial system. However, agricultural development has difficult tasks and a long way to go. The road ahead is by no means smooth. Nevertheless, China’s agriculture will give full play to its advantages, overcome any difficulties, enter a new stage of development and match towards a brighter new future in the new century!
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了中国农业的特点, 中国农业和农村发展面临的问题, 以及中国政府制定的七项政策和措施, 以促进农民收入增长, 并缩小城乡收入的差距。虽然中国农业发展任务艰巨, 但还是能克服困难, 发挥优势以实现更好的未来。
4. What’s the China’s ancient civilization?
A. The rich agricultural resources.
B. The intensive cultivation.
C. The capacity of grain production.
D. The strategy of balanced development.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。第一段第一句提到“中国有着悠久的农业历史”。第二句提到“以精细化栽培为精华的传统耕作方式是人类文明最重要的成果之一”。由此判断, 中国古代文明是精细化栽培。故选B。
5. What does the underlined word “enhance” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. weaken　 B. design　 C. strengthen　 D. effect
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。第二段画线词所在句提到“Fourthly we’ll actively promote progress in agro-science and enhance work of agricultural high-tech and key research programs, and increase its reserve level. ”, 其中promote和increase意为“提高”, 连词and应连接词义相近的词或句子, 由此判断, enhance也应表示“提高”之意。故选C。
6. What policy do you think is the most important?
A. Promoting faster increase of farmers’ income.
B. Protecting the capacity of grain production.
C. Promoting strategic restructuring of agriculture.
D. Continuing to deepen rural reforms.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The Chinese government has made a number. . . mainly through finishing a strategy of balanced social and economic development. We’ll give top priority in all work to solving problems facing agriculture, farmers and rural areas, focusing on the following seven aspects. ”可知, 提高农民收入快速增长应该是这些政策中最重要的一步。故选A。
7. What kind of future does China have?
A. The future road ahead is smooth.
B. China’s advantages can not overcome any difficulty.
C. China won’t enter a new stage of reform.
D. China will have a brighter future.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“China’s agriculture will give full play to its advantages, overcome any difficulties, enter a new stage of development and match towards a brighter new future in the new century!”可知, 中国将会有一个更加光明的未来。故选D。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
(2020·广州高一检测)
Farming and Gardening
　　Agriculture has a long history in China. Much of the wisdom 　1　 by early Chinese scientists is still useful for farmers and gardeners today. One of China’s early 　2　 scientists was Jia Sixie, who lived in the sixth century AD. He spent his time doing 　3　 into agriculture. He collected information, studied it, did experiments and learned from the 　4　 of farmers.  
　　Around 540 A. D. , he wrote a book called Qimin Yaoshu. The book is about both farming and 　5　 . It includes advice on the following 　6　: growing green vegetables and fruit trees, keeping animals, and fish in lakes. There are also 　7　 for making wine. Jia Sixie’s book is a(n) 　8　 guide for farming. Firstly, as a farmer you should do things at the right time of the year. If you sow seeds and 　9　 young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year, your work will be less and 　10　 will be better. But if you 　11　 nature, and do things at the wrong time of the year, you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good. The 　12　 of the soil is also very important. Examine the soil on your farm 　13　 . If the condition of your soil is not good, you should improve it. Before sowing or planting crops, you must clean rough ground and 　14　 weeds. Let sheep or cows walk on the land to 　15　 the weeds or eat them. The best harvest is reached when farmers 　16　 the crops in their fields. For example, do not plant rice 　17　 in the same field. But if you plant rice in a field one year and wheat in the field the next year, you will 　18　 good crops. Other scientists said that wheat should be planted with 　19　 between the plants, but Jia did experiments and 　20　 that planting wheat close together is better.  
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我国古代科学家贾思勰对我国古代农业的研究和贡献。他的耕种方法对我国古代农业起了重要的指导作用。
1. A. discovered　B. recovered　C. reported　D. repeated
【解析】选A。根据上句“Much of the wisdom”可知, 此处指早期的中国科学家发现的许多智慧现在对农民和园艺家仍然是有用的。discover发现; recover恢复; report报道; repeat重复。故选A。
2. A. industrial B. agricultural
C. cultural D. article
【解析】选B。根据后句中的“into agriculture”可知, 此处指贾思勰是我国古代的农业科学家。industrial工业的; agricultural农业的; cultural文化的; article文章。故选B。
3. A. search B. research
C. experiment D. movement
【解析】选B。根据下句“He collected information, studied it, did experiments. . . ”可知, 贾思勰花时间来研究农业。search搜寻; research研究; experiment试验; movement活动。故选B。
4. A. adventures B. advantages
C. tradition D. experience
【解析】选D。根据空后的“of farmers”可知, 贾思勰向农民学习农业经验。adventures冒险; advantages优势; tradition传统; experience经验, 经历。故选D。
5. A. nursing B. gardening
C. produce D. trade
【解析】选B。根据后句中“growing green vegetables and fruit trees, keeping animals, and fish in lakes”可知, 这本书是关于农业和园艺的。nursing护理; gardening种植, 园艺; produce生产; trade贸易。故选B。
6. A. programs B. topics C. subjects D. events
【解析】选C。空后介绍一些具体的课题, 如种菜、养动物等。因此此处为“课题”。programs程序; topics主题; subjects课题, 科目; events事件。故选C。
7. A. instructions B. constructions
C. measures D. treasures
【解析】选A。根据空后“for making wine”可知, 此处指酿酒的说明。instructions说明; constructions建筑物; measures措施; treasures宝物。故选A。
8. A. economical B. practical
C. similar D. regular
【解析】选B。根据下文“介绍书的内容”可知, 贾思勰写的这本关于农业种植的书里有许多实用的知识, 是一本实用的农业指南。economical经济的; practical实用的, 实际的; similar相似的; regular定期的。故选B。
9. A. drop B. increase C. grow D. throw
【解析】选C。根据空后young plants可知, 此处指“种植幼苗”grow young plants。drop落下; increase增加; grow种植, 生长; throw扔。故选C。
10. A. dreams B. ending C. hope D. results
【解析】选D。根据语境可知, 如果你在一年中的正确时间播种和在地里种植幼苗, 这样工作投入少, 结果反而更好。dreams梦想; ending结束; hope希望; results结果。与前文的work相对, 此处指结果。故选D。
11. A. argue against B. go against
C. compete with D. deal with
【解析】选B。根据语境可知, 如果你违背自然规律, 在错误的时间做这些, 你就得做更多的工作, 而且结果也不那么好了。argue against反对; go against违背; compete with与……竞争; deal with处理。but表示转折, 说明本句说的是违背自然规律进行农业耕作的情况。故选B。
12. A. application B. situation
C. condition D. addition
【解析】选C。根据下句“If the condition of your soil is not good, you should improve it. ”可知, 本句说明的是土壤状况也很重要。application应用; situation情况; condition状况, 条件; addition增加。故选C。
13. A. successfully B. carefully
C. gradually D. frequently
【解析】选B。根据语境可知, 要仔细检查你农场的土壤。successfully成功地; carefully仔细地; gradually逐渐地; frequently频繁地。前句指出土壤状况十分重要, 本句说明要细心、仔细地检查土壤。故选B。
14. A. remove B. pull C. kill D. reduce
【解析】选A。结合常识可知, 在播种或种植作物之前, 必须平整土地并清除杂草。后文说明让羊或牛在地上走也是为了除草。remove清除, 移动; pull拉; kill杀死; reduce减少。故选A。
15. A. destroy B. prevent C. divide D. limit
【解析】选A。根据上下文语境可知, 让羊或牛在地上走, 消灭杂草或吃掉它们。destroy消灭, 破坏; prevent阻止; divide分开; limit限制。让牛羊在地里走就是为了消灭杂草。故选A。
16. A. keep B. improve
C. manage D. change
【解析】选D。根据下句中“do not plant rice_______in the same field”可知, 农作物要变换着种植。keep保持; improve改善; manage管理; change改变。故选D。 
17. A. one after another B. here and there
C. now and then D. year after year
【解析】选D。 one after another一个接一个地; here and there到处; now and then偶尔; year after year年复一年。根据上下文内容可知, 此处承接上文说明要变换着种植农作物, 那么意思就是不在同一块地里年复一年地种同一种庄稼。故选D。
18. A. win B. collect C. harvest D. plant
【解析】选C。根据空后“good crops”可知, 如果每年换种不同的庄稼就会有好收成。win赢得; collect收集; harvest收获, 丰收; plant种植。故选C。
19. A. holes B. lines C. space D. balance
【解析】选C。根据下文“planting wheat close together is better”可知, 其他科学家说的是种植小麦时, 株与株之间要留有空间, 但是贾思勰的实验结果表明了小麦种植在一起比较好。holes洞; lines线; space空间; balance平衡。故选C。
20. A. showed B. meant C. intended D. decided
【解析】选A。根据上下文内容可知, 其他科学家说, 小麦应该在植株之间间隔种植, 但贾思勰做了实验, 结果表明小麦种植在一起比较好。show表明; mean意味着; intend打算; decide决定。根据空前“but Jia did experiments”可知此处是实验结果“证明, 表明”。故选A。
Ⅲ. 短文改错
　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
　　My grandpa worked as a carpenter, who has devoted all his energy for carpentry for almost sixty years. Several years before, he began to make wooden models of farm tools. On National Day when I returned back and visited him with my parents, he showed me that he had created. He hopes he could expose people to the traditionally way of farming. Now every day, he prepares raw material in the yard, measures them, and polishes them. I’ve also picked up carpentry as hobby of mine. Now I am able to make a model by me. And I am determined to make it know to more.
答案:


【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的爷爷做了一辈子的木匠, 几年前, 他开始制作农具的木制模型, 在爷爷的影响下, 作者也爱上了木工活并开始制作模型。
1. 【解析】第一句worked改为works。考查时态和主谓一致。句意: 我爷爷是一个木匠, 他将他所有精力投入到木工中已经快60年了。陈述的是客观事实, 用一般现在时; 主语是My grandpa, 谓语动词用第三人称单数。故 worked改为works。
2. 【解析】第一句第一个for改为to。考查固定短语。devote to表示“致力于……、把……奉献给……”。故energy后的for改为to。
3. 【解析】第二句before改为ago。考查before和ago的区别。句意: 几年前, 他开始制作农具的木制模型。ago用来描述事情发生之后的时间长度, 常跟在时间名词之后。故before改为ago。
4. 【解析】第三句back去掉。考查return的用法。句意: 国庆节那天, 当我回来和父母一起看望他时, 他向我展示了他的作品。return本身就表示“回来、返回”, 后面不需再加back, 语义重复。故去掉back。
5. 【解析】第三句that改为what。考查宾语从句。句意同上, 分析句子结构可知此处为宾语从句, 从句中的created缺少宾语。故that改为what。
6. 【解析】第四句traditionally改为traditional。考查形容词。句意: 他希望他能让人们接触到传统的耕作方式。修饰名词way用形容词。故traditionally改为traditional。
7. 【解析】第五句material改为materials。考查名词的数。句意: 现在他每天都在院子里准备原材料, 测量并抛光。表示具体的材料时, material是可数名词, 此处表示不止一种材料, 应该用可数名词复数形式。故material改为materials。
8. 【解析】第六句hobby前加a。考查冠词。句意: 我也把木工作为自己的一个爱好(我也学会了做木工活)。hobby是发音以辅音音素开头的可数名词, 此处泛指“一个爱好”。故hobby前加a。
9. 【解析】第七句me改为myself。考查反身代词。句意: 现在我可以自己制作模型了。by oneself表示“独自地”。
10. 【解析】第八句know改为known。考查非谓语动词。我决心让更多的人知道它。此处为“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构, it与know之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 表示被动, 用过去分词作宾语补足语。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　话题写作·表达升级
如何写英文海报

　　英文海报是人们在日常生活中经常使用的一种招贴形式的应用文, 其宣传内容涉及影视作品、体育赛事和学术报告等。海报通常包括标题、正文和结尾三个部分。标题突出主题; 正文列出更多有关的信息; 结尾用标语或口号鼓动人心。海报写作形式灵活, 语言活泼。

根据下面提示为“绿叶”有机蔬菜生产基地写一篇介绍性海报。
1. 坐落在城西; 2. 历经20年已经发展成占地1 000多亩的大农场; 3. 配备有现代化的设施;
4. 生产过程中不使用任何化肥; 5. 富含营养; 6. 产品出口几十个国家;
7. 联系方式: Tel: 666888123　　E-mail: Green Leaf@ Green Leaf. com



1. 完成句子
(1)它坐落在城西。
It is located in the west of the city.  
(2)历经20年它已经发展成占地1, 000多亩的大农场。
It has expanded to a large farm covering an area of more than 1, 000 mu in the past two decades.  
(3)真正让它与众不同的是这里的蔬菜在种植过程中没有使用任何化肥。
What really makes it different from others is that the vegetables here are grown without any chemical fertilizer.  
(4)肥沃的土壤让这些蔬菜营养丰富。
The rich soil makes these vegetables full of nutrition.  
(5)它们出口到世界上许多国家。
They are exported into many countries in the world.  
2. 词句升级
(6)用locate的过去分词短语作状语连接句(1)和句(2)
Located in the west of the city, it has expanded to a large farm covering an area of more than 1, 000 mu in the past two decades.  

　　Have you ever dreamt of eating green vegetables without chemical fertilizer every day? Please go to Green Leaf—an organic vegetable base.
Located in the west of the city, it has expanded to a large farm covering an area of more than 1, 000 mu in the past two decades. It has been equipped with advanced facilities. What really makes it different from others is that the vegetables here are grown without any chemical fertilizer. The rich soil makes these vegetables full of nutrition; as a result, they are exported into many countries in the world.
If you are interested, please contact us in the following ways.
Tel: 666888123
E-mail: Green Leaf@Green Leaf. com

1. 话题词汇
(1)improve vt. 提高
(2)welcome vt. 欢迎
(3)perform v. 执行, 表演
(4)contact vt. 联络
(5)colorful adj. 华美的, 多彩的
(6)set up建立
(7)participate in参加
(8)dream of梦想, 梦见
2. 话题句式
(1)活动安排:
①Tomorrow there will be an English play.
明天将有一部英语戏剧。
②There are still tickets available for the night shows.
还有晚上演出的票。
③We set it up so that students can publish their English compositions, communicate ideas and improve writing skills.
我们设立这个网站是为了让学生发表他们的英语作文, 交流思想, 提高写作技巧。
④Children under 6 are not permitted admission.
六岁以下的孩子不允许入场。
⑤No admission fee is required for members of the club.
俱乐部会员不需要缴纳入场费。
(2)呼吁参加:
①Please take an active part in our activity!
请积极参加我们的活动!
②Everyone is welcome to watch the match and cheer the players up.
欢迎大家观看比赛, 为运动员加油。