牛津译林版高二下册模块8 Unit 1 The written world PPT课件+试卷含答案

核心素养测评二十四 Unit 1　The written word

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

　　Money doesn’t grow on trees but gold does. Scientists in Western Australia claim to have made a new discovery—they have found gold in the leaves and branches of trees. The researchers believe that the trees suck up the gold from deep underground,  over 30 metres down. The discovery has been described as the first of its kind in the world.

　　Australian gold exploration companies are pleased because it will make finding gold cheaper. Rather than drilling deep holes to find gold,  they will be able to examine tree leaves and branches. The trees show what is happening under the earth’s surface. There is only a tiny amount of gold in the leaves. It would take 500 trees to make one gold ring. The gold is found using a special X-ray machine and a powerful microscope,  which scan the leaves and branches.

　　The claim is that this is the first time that gold particles have been found in living material. However,  this might not be true. Ancient Chinese wisdom understood the connection between plants and the precious stones and minerals underneath them. They used plant life to find minerals — and that was thousands of years ago. In the Zhou Dynasty,  it was written in a book that a certain plant grew only near deposits (矿床) of gold. Over the next 2, 000 years,  Chinese people wrote about different plants and how they grew,  showing where minerals and precious stones such as jade,  copper,  lead,  silver and gold were.  Even more importantly,  in the 1000s,  Su Song described how Portulaca plants could yield mercury if crushed,  dried and allowed to decay (腐烂). That was certainly the first time ever that a metal was obtained from a plant.

　　The Previous Secrets of the Realm of the King of Xin,  written during the Ming Dynasty,  described how different metals were observed and extracted (提炼) from certain plants. This knowledge was unknown in the rest of the world until about 1600,  when a British man realised that oak trees grew larger and greener where there was alum in the ground. Maybe ancient Chinese knowledge has more to teach modern scientists.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了澳大利亚科学家发现在树叶中可以找到金子, 事实上古代中国人早就发现了植物和矿物质之间的联系。

1. According to Australian scientists,  where can gold be probably found?

A. In the roots of trees.

B. In the leaves of trees.

C. In the trees everywhere.

D. In the underground near trees.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中Scientists in Western Australia claim to have made a new discovery—they have found gold in the leaves and branches of trees. 可知, 澳大利亚西部的科学家们声称他们在树叶和树枝中发现了金子, 也就是说澳大利亚科学家认为在树叶中可以找到金子, 故选B。

2. How can we tell whether there is gold or not?

A. By drilling deep holes in the trees

B. By cutting the leaves of trees into pieces.

C. By examining the surface of the ground under the trees.

D. By scanning the leaves and branches using a special microscope.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中The gold is found using a special X-ray machine and a powerful microscope,  which scan the leaves and branches. 可知, 用一种特殊的显微镜扫描树叶和树枝可以知道是否有金子, 故选D。

3. Who first found the link between plants and minerals?

A. Australian scientists.

B. Su Song.

C. Ancient Chinese people.

D. A British man.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中Ancient Chinese wisdom understood the connection between plants and the precious stones and minerals underneath them. ”可知, 中国古人的智慧就认识到植物与它们下面的宝石和矿物质之间的联系, 也就是说是古代中国人最先发现植物和矿物质之间的联系的, 故选C。

4. The author develops Paragraph 4 mainly by 　　　.  

A. using examples

B. making comparisons

C. listing figures

D. analyzing effects

【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段中The Previous Secrets of the Realm of the King of Xin,  written during the Ming Dynasty,  described how different metals were observed and extracted from certain plants. This knowledge was unknown in the rest of the world until about 1600,  when a British man realised that oak trees grew larger and greener where there was alum in the ground可知, 写于明朝的一本书中描述了从某些植物中观察和提取不同金属的过程, 而直到1600年左右, 一位英国人才发现, 在有明矾的地方, 橡树会长得又大又绿, 因此第四段是通过作比较的方法展开的, 故选B。

【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. discovery 　　　n. 发现;  发觉

2. exploration  n. 勘探; 探测

3. underground  adj. 地下的; 地面以下的;

4. describe  v. 描述; 形容; 把……称为

5. examine  vt. 考查; (仔细地)检查

B

Going back to school can be an anxious time for many students.  But one institution in Texas is doing its part to make sure middle schoolers are returning refreshed and inspired to learn.

Through a process called the “bathroom inspiration project, ” teachers and administrators at Warren Middle School,  spent their summer beautifying the school’s restrooms by painting motivational murals (壁画) on each of the stalls (小隔间). Forming messages like “Your mistakes don’t define you” and “Scatter (撒播) kindness”,  the brightly colored words are exactly what a young student needs to see when having a rough day—or any school day for that matter.  And now that classes are officially in session,  people are already noticing a positive impact.

Since posting photos of upgrades to the school in July,  Principal Joshua Garcia says that the alterations have aroused a great response.

“Students have been talking about the murals from the moment the pictures had been posted.  Some even took the time to find a reason to come up to the campus to see the murals, ” he says.  “I think what makes this small little action so valuable is that it has set the tone for our campus. ”

And not only is that important to students,  parents,  and fellow staff,  but it is also vital for the school’s new principal,  who is trying to gain the trust of the community during a time in which trust is so necessary for schools.

“Being new to the campus,  I think the parents were able to see how much I value their children and have their best interest at heart, ” Garcia continues.  “I have had many parents tell me how they can just feel a difference in the campus climate and how much they are enjoying seeing their children wanting to come here.  These murals have put trust back in the campus and its teachers,  and by doing so we are able to build a culture in which our students want to be here and learn. ”

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。得克萨斯州一所中学绘制卫生间文化墙, 用正能量的语言激励学生, 从而获得学生和家长的一致好评。

5. What has happened at Warren Middle School?

A. Painting has become popular among most students. 

B. Some students have suffered great anxiety at school.

C. Its toilets have been beautified with inspiring words.

D. Motivational murals have been made in each classroom.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的Through a process called the “bathroom inspiration project, ” teachers and administrators at Warren Middle School,  spent their summer beautifying the school’s restrooms by painting motivational murals on each of the stalls.  Forming messages like “Your mistakes don’t define you” and “Scatter kindness”, 可知, 该中学用励志语言美化了卫生间的每一个小隔间。故选C。

6. What does the underlined word “alterations” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Rules.  　　　　 B. Arguments.

C. Changes.     D. Opportunities.

【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段the brightly colored words are exactly what a young student needs to see when having a rough day—or any school day for that matter.  And now that classes are officially in session,  people are already noticing a positive impact. 这些色彩鲜艳的话正是年轻学生在度过艰难的一天或任何一天的学校生活时所需要看到的。现在课程正式开课了, 人们已经注意到了积极的影响。可知学校通过壁画这种形式改变了学校的氛围, 获得了积极的影响, 且根据本段画线单词前面的 Since posting photos of upgrades to the school和后面的have aroused a great response 可推知, 学校的这一改变也引起了大家好的反响。故画线部分单词alterations在此意为“改变”。故选C。

7. What’s students and parents’ attitude toward those murals?

A. Negative.     B. Ambiguous.

C. Uninterested.    D. Supportive.

【解析】选D。观点态度题。根据第四段中的Students have been talking about the murals from the moment the pictures had been posted.  Some even took the time to find a reason to come up to the campus to see the murals (从这些照片发布的那一刻起, 学生们就一直在谈论这些壁画。有些人甚至花时间找了个理由来到校园看壁画)以及最后一段中的I have had many parents tell me how they can just feel a difference in the campus climate and how much they are enjoying seeing their children wanting to come here (已经有很多父母告诉我, 他们能感受到校园气氛的不同, 他们很高兴看到自己的孩子想要来这里)可推知, 学生和家长对学校的这一举措持支持态度。故选D。

8. What does Garcia intend to do according to the text?

A. Reduce increasing anxiety.

B. Build an artistic atmosphere.

C. Create a trusting environment.

D. Introduce a new culture to society.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段中的it is also vital for the school’s new principal,  who is trying to gain the trust of the community during a time in which trust is so necessary for schools(这对学校的新校长来说也是至关重要的, 因为在这个信任对学校来说是如此必要的时期, 他试图赢得社会的信任)以及最后一段中Garcia所说的These murals have put trust back in the campus (这些壁画使校园重获信任)可推知, 校长Garcia希望创建一个家长对学校充满信任的大环境。故选C。

【知识拓展】长难句分析

And not only is that important to students,  parents,  and fellow staff,  but it is also vital for the school’s new principal,  who is trying to gain the trust of the community during a time in which trust is so necessary for schools.

分析: 本句为not only. . . but also. . . 连接的两个并列句。第一个分句中not only置于句首, 构成了倒装句; 第二个分句中who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the school’s new principal; 此句中定语从句in which trust is so necessary for schools 修饰先行词a time。

翻译: 这不仅对学生、家长和同事很重要, 而且对学校的新校长也很重要; 在信任对学校来说如此必要的时候, 他正努力获得社会的信任。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

Life is colorful.  Sometimes it’s just like potato salad;  when it’s shared,  it becomes a picnic.

With three young children to bring up,  my husband John and I were very 　1　.  “Can we go on a picnic,  Mom? ” my six-year-old daughter,  Becky 　2　.  “Please. ” I had said no so many times in 　3　 months,  and I decided the usual Saturday morning chores could wait.  To her 　4　,  I agreed.  

I prepared a few sandwiches and filled a cooler with ice and drinks and called John 　5　.  

My eleven-year-old twin sons loaded the cooler and the picnic basket in the trunk and off we went to spend some 　6　 time together as a family.  

About the time I got the lunch 　7　 out on the table,  John arrived on the scene.  That was one of the happiest meals we ever shared together.  The meal was full of 　8　.  We felt a closeness that had been hidden by work and school responsibilities for so many months.  John and the boys 　9　 rocks into the lake,  Becky fed the ducks and I sat quietly at the picnic table,  thanking God for blessing me with such a wonderful family.  

That night as our children went to bed,  I kissed their cheeks.  It 　10　 me what a wonderful life I had.  As I walked out of the room, it dawned on me that even the busiest 　11　 could become a picnic when it’s shared with the ones you 　12　.  Even though kids have now grown up and 　13　 from home,  I can still remember how I felt that day while sitting at the picnic table.  

Maybe today would be a good time to 　14　 potato salad,  call all of my 　15　 kids,  feed some hungry ducks and skip a few rocks into the lake.  Since life is like potato salad,  let’s make it a picnic.  

【文章大意】本文属于叙事说理文, 讲述作者回忆与孩子和丈夫一家人去郊游的事情。阐述了一个道理: 再忙也要抽时间与家人一起享受美好的时光。

1. A. patient 　　　 B. old

C. occupied    D. poor

【解析】选C。patient耐心的; old老的; occupied繁忙的; poor贫穷的。根据前文With three young children to bring up, 有三个孩子要养, 所以很忙碌。故选C。

2. A. begged   B. doubted

C. asked    D. wondered

【解析】选A。beg祈求; doubt怀疑; ask问; wonder想知道。根据后文Please可知, 女儿在祈求作者。故选A。

3. A. coming   B. recent

C. following   D. late

【解析】选B。coming来临的; recent最近的; following接下来的; late迟的。根据文章可知, 在近几个月, 作者已经多次拒绝女儿的请求了。故选B。

4. A. disappointment  B. sadness

C. surprise     D. embarrassment

【解析】选C。disappointment失望; sadness悲伤; surprise惊讶; embarrassment尴尬。根据文章可知, 作者多次拒绝了女儿的请求, 因而这次同意让她很惊讶。故选C。

5. A. at work    B. off work

C. on business    D. at home

【解析】选A。at work在工作; off work休假; on business出差; at home在家。根据前文可知, 作者与丈夫很忙, 因而打电话给在上班的丈夫, 故选A。

6. A. unhappy    B. quantity

C. quality     D. unfortunate

【解析】选C。unhappy不愉快的; quantity数量;  quality质量; unfortunate不幸的。根据文章可知, 作者很重视这次郊游, 因而是有质量的时间。故选C。

7. A. cooked    B. spread

C. taken     D. made

【解析】选B。cook烹饪; spread传播, 摊开; take拿, 带; make做。根据文章可知, 作者在郊外准备吃午饭, 因此是把午饭拿出来放在桌上摆好。故选B。

8. A. communication  B. expectation

C. hope     D. laughter

【解析】选D。communication交流;  expectation期望;  hope希望; laughter笑声。根据前文That was one of the happiest meals we ever shared together. 可知, 这顿饭大家吃得很开心, 充满笑声。故选D。

9. A. missed   B. took

C. skipped    D. left

【解析】选C。miss错过, 想念; take带; skip滑; leave离开。根据后文skip a few rocks into the lake可知, 作者的丈夫和孩子在湖面上用石子打水漂。故选C。

10. A. refreshed  B. questioned

C. beat     D. hit

【解析】选D。refresh使恢复精力; question质疑; beat击打; hit想起。根据文章可知, 作者吻了孩子的脸颊, 想着自己有很好的生活。故选D。

11. A. lifestyle   B. time

C. world    D. occupation

【解析】选B。lifestyle生活方式; time时间; world世界; occupation职业。根据文章可知, 作者很忙。故选B。

12. A. love    B. enjoy

C. own     D. have

【解析】选A。love爱; enjoy享受; own拥有; have有。根据文章可知, 作者很爱孩子和丈夫。故选A。

13. A. left alone  B. left behind

C. moved away  D. ran away

【解析】选C。leave alone不管; leave behind遗留; move away搬走; run away逃跑。根据本句可知, 孩子们长大了, 搬出去住了。故选C。

14. A. watch   B. appreciate

C. plant    D. cook

【解析】选D。watch观看; appreciate欣赏; plant种植; cook煮。根据文章可知, 作者要为孩子们做吃的。故选D。

15. A. handsome  B. young

C. mature    D. grown

【解析】选D。handsome英俊的; young年轻的; mature成熟的; grown长大了的。根据前文可知, 孩子们长大了。故选D。

【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. bring up　　　抚养, 养育

2. grow up 长大成人;  成熟

3. spread out 摆出, 摆放

4. bless with  施惠或赐福于;  有幸拥有

5. dawn on 被领悟;  被理解;  被想到

Ⅲ. 语法填空

阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Chinese invented block printing more than 1, 400 years ago.  The original characters were carved on wood and ink was then applied.  Block printing is time consuming and 1. _______ (cost) a lot of manpower and materials.  Misprinted characters cannot be 2. _______ (easy) corrected.  These shortcomings were only overcome after the appearance of movable type printing,  3. _______ greatly improved the speed and quality of printing.  

Bi Sheng of the Northern Song Dynasty invented the movable type printing.  He carved the Chinese characters on small 4. _______ (cube) of sticky clay.  He baked them in the fire until they became hard and movable.  In the course of presswork,  the movable characters were placed into 5. _______ iron frame until it was full.  He then took a smooth board and pressed it over the surface so that the block of type became even:  Then ink was applied and it was ready 6. _______ printing.  To be more 7. _______ (efficiency), he prepared two iron boards.  When one was being used for printing,  the other could be used 8. _______ (put) characters in order for the next page.  The two boards were used alternately.  

Although what Bi Sheng invented was simple when 9. _______ (compare) to today’s letterpress printing;  it already had the main traits of modern printing.  So Bi Sheng’s 10. _______ (contribute) to printing cannot be overstated.  

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了毕昇发明活字印刷术的经过, 以及其工作原理和这一发明的重要意义。

1. 【解析】costs。考查主谓一致。根据上文谓语动词is以及由and连接构成并列谓语可知, 此处应填一般现在时的第三人称单数形式costs。

2. 【解析】easily。考查副词。corrected为动词, 需要副词修饰, 故填easily。

3. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。本句为非限制性定语从句, 故用which。句意: 这些缺点只有在活字印刷出现后才得以克服, 这大大提高了印刷的速度和质量。故填which。

4. 【解析】cubes。考查名词复数。cube为可数名词, 前面没有冠词, 需用复数形式。故填cubes。

5. 【解析】an。考查冠词。frame为可数名词, 此处表示泛指“一个铁框”, 且iron为元音音素开头的单词, 故填an。

6. 【解析】for。考查介词。be ready for sth. 为固定短语, 意为“为……做准备”, 故填for。

7. 【解析】efficient。考查形容词。根据上文be可知应填形容词作表语, 故填efficient。

8. 【解析】to put。考查非谓语动词。be used to do sth. 为固定句式, 意为: 被用来做某事, 后跟不定式, 故填to put。

9. 【解析】compared。考查非谓语动词。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词, 故compare只能作非谓语动词, 且与逻辑主语构成被动关系, 需用过去分词, 故填compared。

10. 【解析】contribution。考查名词。Bi Sheng’s为名词所有格, 修饰名词。故填contribution。

阅读理解

Ashley Power’s mother bought a computer for her when she was eight.  When she was thirteen,  she was surfing the Internet on a regular basis,  but she couldn’t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk.  And one day she thought,  “If I had my own website,  I’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers. ”

Consequently,  when Ashley was sixteen,  she started her own website called GooseHead.  She had no idea how big a success it would be,  but three years later,  the site was the most successful teen site in the USA!  It was getting 100, 000 hits every day,  and Ashley had about 30 employees.

After a few years,  the website closed down.  Then Ashley,  who lived in Los Angeles,  was asked to write a book called The GooseHead Guide to Life.  The book is about how to design a website and start a business.  It begins with a section called“All About Ashley”,  where Ashley tell readers what it’s like to be the boss of a company when you’re only sixteen—not always easy!

In her book,  Ashley talks about the problems that teenagers have today plus the importance of friendship.  She also focuses on being independent.  “Learn to love your friends but not rely on them.  I did that by creating GooseHead on my own. ”

Ashley says that The GooseHead Guide to Life is not a book of teenage advice. “It isn’t a book that’s going to tell you what to do.  I hope you can work that out yourself, ” she says. “I just want to provide a little inspiration to teenagers.  Maybe after reading my story,  you’ll start your own website!  But perhaps you’ve got a better idea.  Well,  if I were you,  I’d just do it,  whatever it is.  Maybe it won’t work—but maybe it will. ”

【文章大意】本文属于说明文, 介绍一个青少年创建了一个专门为青少年服务的网站并大获成功, 并且还专门写了一本书, 分享其经验。

1. Why did Ashley start GooseHead?

A. To promote the sale of her book.

B. To update her mother’s computer.

C. To teach teenagers how to use the Internet.

D. To create a platform for teenagers to communicate.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的When she was thirteen,  she was surfing the Internet on a regular basis,  but she couldn’t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk.  And one day she thought,  “If I had my own website,  I’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers. ”可知, 她发现没有供青少年交流的平台, 因此她自己创建了一个网站, 故选D。

2. Where can you find the information that best shows the success of Ashley’s website?

A. In Paragraph 1. 　　　　 B. In Paragraph 2.

C. In Paragraph 3.    D. In Paragraph 4.

【解析】选B。段落大意题。根据第二段中but three years later,  the site was the most successful teen site in the USA!  It was getting 100, 000 hits every day,  and Ashley had about 30 employees. 可知, 其网站成为美国最成功的青少年网站, 每天有10万次点击量, 她手下有大约30个员工, 因此可知, 第二段介绍其网站的成功, 故选B。

3. What do we know about The GooseHead Guide to Life?

A. It serves to fuel teenagers’ motivation.

B. It is meant to give teenagers tips.

C. It advises teenagers to depend on friends.

D. It is about ways to be boss of a company.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ashley says that The Goosehead Guide to Life is not a book of teenage advice. 以及I just want to provide a little inspiration to teenagers.  可知, Ashley写这本书不是给读者建议, 而是希望激发读者, 故选A。

4. What does Ashley inspire teenagers to do?

A. Follow their dreams.

B. Start their own website.

C. Buy a copy of her book.

D. Be a model for others.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Well,  if I were you,  I’d just do it,  whatever it is.  Maybe it won’t work—but maybe it will. ”可知, Ashley希望青少年能够去做自己的事情, 不管是成功还是失败, 故选A。

【知识拓展】佳词积累

1. surf the Internet 　　上网, 冲浪

2. close down  关闭

3. begin with  以……开始

4. focus on  专注于; 聚焦于

5. rely on  依靠, 依赖