2021届高考英语人教版一轮创新教学案：第2编专题三名词性从句

专题三　名词性从句

1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，61)While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.

答案：that　分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。

2．(2019·江苏高考，25)Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.

答案：that　句意：科学家已经获得了更多的证据，证明塑料正在进入人体。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺成分，故用that引导。

3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，61)I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.

答案：who　分析句子结构可知，宾语从句中缺少句子的主语，由下文“me or the female gorilla (大猩猩)”可知，作者不确定自己和大猩猩谁更害怕，故填who。

4．(2018·北京高考，11)Without his support, we wouldn't be ________ we are now.

答案：where　句意：如果没有他的支持，我们不可能有今天的地位。结合句意可知，应用where引导该表语从句，表示抽象概念。

5．(2018·北京高考，15)This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.

答案：what　这是一个表语从句，从句中动词teach缺少直接宾语，应用what引导。

6．(2018·江苏高考，21)By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived.

答案：how　句意：乘船是到这儿来的唯一方式，我们就是坐船来的。how引导表语从句，在从句中作方式状语。

7．(2017·天津高考，4)She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.

答案：whether　句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认还没还。设空处连接宾语从句，且在句中意为“是否”，故填whether。

8．(2017·北京高考，23)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.

答案：whoever　句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。“________ makes the most beautiful kite”是主语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，意为“无论谁”，故填whoever。

9．(2017·北京高考，26)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree­lined street, not knowing ________ she was heading.

答案：where　句意：简漫无目的地走在树木林立的街道上，不知道将去何方。“________ she was heading”是宾语从句，由heading可知，应填where。

10．(2017·江苏高考，26)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________ it used to charge.

答案：what　本句中，of后接宾语从句，连接词作charge的宾语，表示以前收取的费用，因此用what引导该宾语从句。

名词性从句的句法功能相当于名词词组，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此名词性从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

连接词归类

主语从句的注意事项

宾语从句的注意事项

表语从句的注意事项

表语从句常位于连系动词be, look, remain, seem等之后，其连接词还可以有as if/though, because等。

同位语从句的注意事项

同位语从句是在主从复合句中，解释说明某一抽象名词内容和实质的从句。同位语从句一般由that引导，that不作句子成分，无语义，但也不可省略，也可由连接代词(如what, which, who)、连接副词(如when, where, why, how)或whether引导。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2020·山西省祁县中学高三月考)We don't respect ________ we think is better than us.

答案：who　空格处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，且主语是人，we think是插入语，不影响句子结构，故应填who。句意：我们不尊重那些我们认为比我们优秀的人。

2．The news ________ our team has won the game is true.

答案：that　句意：我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。that引导同位语从句，在句中只起连接作用，无具体词义，用来解释说明news的具体内容。

3．________ impressed the tourists most was the peaceful atmosphere and the friendly people there.

答案：What　句意：给游客们印象最深的是那里和平的氛围和友好的人们。设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，且表示“所……的事/物”，应用What。

4．If you think that treating a kid well means always giving him ________ he wants, you are totally wrong.

答案：what　句意：如果你认为对一个孩子好就意味着总是给他想要的，那你就错了。设空处引导宾语从句，在句中作宾语，应用what。

5．My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy ________ I want simply with WeChat Pay.

答案：whatever　句意：我不再使用钱包了。我可以用微信支付购买我所需要的任何东西。whatever引导宾语从句，在从句中作动词want的宾语。

6．(2019·广东省五校高三联考)In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is ________  you don't speak at all.

答案：when　句意：在日本，人们公认的最好的交流是你什么也不说。根据语境可知，此处填when，引导表语从句。

7．Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover ________ the tricks are done.

答案：how　句意：魔术是有趣的，只要观众没有发现是如何变魔术的。设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，故用how。

8．________ is willing to volunteer in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is welcome to join us.

答案：Whoever　句意：欢迎任何愿意在2022年北京冬奥会当志愿者的人加入我们的队伍。whoever引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，相当于anyone who。

9．—Could you tell me ________ the train from New York will be arriving on time?

—Yes, sir. It should be arriving in 10 minutes.

答案：whether/if　句意：——你能告诉我从纽约来的火车能否准点到达？——是的，先生。再过10分钟就会到达。表示“是否”用whether/if。

10．Do you know why I recommend this book to you? It's ________ it can inspire you to push forward when in trouble.

答案：because　句意：你知道我为什么给你推荐这本书吗？那是因为当你在困境中时它可以让你奋然前行。此处解释原因，用because引导表语从句。

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.

_______________________________________________________________

答案：that→where　由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句。从句谓语是不及物动词live。故用where引导。

2．The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.

_______________________________________________________________

答案：how→what　根据语境可知，“我”和同学们正在谈论假期里做什么。固定表达：what to do, how to do sth.。

3．(2019·河北省衡水中学高三二调考试)There is a good news what an exhibition of ancient Chinese inventions will be held in our school next Monday.

_______________________________________________________________

答案：what→that　句意：有一个好消息，下周一中国古代发明展览将在我校举行。解释前面的news的内容，that引导同位语从句。

4．That Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.

______________________________________________________________

答案：That→Where　主语从句中缺少状语，表地点，因此需用where引导。

5．I think that impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.

_______________________________________________________________

答案：that→what　I think后的宾语从句中缺少主语，指物，故用what。