2019届上海市松江区高三二模英语试题（word版）

2019届上海市松江区高三二模试题

高三英语

(满分140分，完卷时间120分钟)

考生注意:

1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分, 试卷共12页。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上, 做在试卷上一律不得分。

2.答题前, 务必在答题纸上填写学校、姓名和考生号。

II. Grammar and vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Rhiannon Lambert, who treats about 180 clients a year with various kinds of eating disorders, says the number of those caused by “clean eating” ___21___ (double) in the past three years. “They develop particular habits, or won’t eat food when walking, because they think that food can only be eaten when they ___22___ (seat),” she said.

Clean eating is promoted by some food bloggers, who are increasingly thought by a number of medical experts to be having a bad influence on young people today. “Young people lose this and cannot afford the lifestyle needed to follow it,” Lambert said. Health bloggers ___23___ not have enough knowledge but offer dangerous advice. These people are now role models ___24___ word will inspire young people. I have clients who think they have to be a strict vegetarian to be successful. The extreme form of this is known as orthorexia nervosa (健康食品强迫症).

Ursula Philpot, a dietitian at the British Dietetic Association, said, “It is difficult to blame them completely. If it weren’t the bloggers, then it could be ___25___ else. Orthorexia affects more girls than boys, although boys are much more affected than girls.” Philpot said, “At the top of most people’s lists of bad foods includes gluten (麸质) and dairy. ___26___ you talk to young people more, you will find some of them worry all day about eating a biscuit.”

The condition starts out as an attempt ___27___ (eat) more healthily, but those who experience it fully focus on food quality and purity. “There may be several reasons for someone to take up clean eating,” Philpot said. “Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses and their causes are complex. Research is telling us that they may be more biologically based than we thought, ___28___ social and environmental factors also play a part in their development.”

Deanne Jade, the founder of the National Centre for Eating Disorders, said, “A lot of young people don’t think they need treatment and there are too many messages in the media. What worries me is that a lot of people ___29___ (promote) these ideas have no knowledge of nutrition. I don’t know what the solution is, but in many cases, getting people to recover from an eating disorder means ___30___ (get) them to relax their ideas about clean eating.”

【答案】21. has doubled   

22. are seated   

23. may / might   

24. whose    25. someone   

26. When / If   

27. to eat    28. but/ although / though   

29. promoting   

30. getting

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A recent troubling study showed that “fake news” spread significantly faster, deeper and more broadly than the truth, and the effect is even more remarkable when regarding news as opposed to reporting on natural disasters, finance or science. So how can we encourage individuals to seek ___31___ online content? Leading scholars are trying hard to deal with this question.

Processing new information requires a considerable mental effort, especially when that information seems to conflict with your ___32___ worldview. It takes the ___33___ to admit you may be wrong. But with a great amount of conflicting information available, who’s to say what’s actually true and what’s false? If you can’t tell, why not just make life easy and go with what supports your current beliefs?

So what ___34___ do we have? Many suggest that we can ___35___ the issue by reforming adult behavior, but this is aiming too far from source. An alternative solution is using early education to help individuals recognize these problems and ___36___ critical thinking to the information they deal with. Currently, there is a push in the US to include Internet information classes into primary and secondary school curriculums. The movement, which has received some support, aims to make fact-checking seem like second ___37___ to individuals at an early age.

Primary and secondary school are ___38___ to be supplying students with the skills they need to develop into productive and informed members of our society. As our society develops, the curriculum we are teaching our students needs to develop as well.

The Internet is an amazing tool, but to use it most effectively we have to accept its benefits while also understanding the ways in which it makes us dangerously ___39___. If students are still learning the practices such as writing in school, shouldn’t they be learning how to ___40___ the Internet responsibly as well?

【答案】31. C    32. E   

33. K    34. G   

35. J    36. A   

37. H    38. B   

39. I    40. D

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

People hold different views on almost anything, mainly because of the culture we are familiar with or the education we have received. We live in a ___41___ world where people are quick to point out the faults and imperfections of others, yet seem unaware of their own. Some misguided souls believe they have a duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure you really are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve.

So what is the possible solution to ___42___? If you are the one forcing others to feel ___43___ themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision rather than ___44___ the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes. You’ll offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If I’m painting our living room and ___45___ in doing so, I would like my husband to say to me, “This is a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you?” rather than have him point out what a ___46___ painter I am and then tell me how I should be doing it.

If you are on the ___47___ end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours, a(n) ___48___ response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the ___49___. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response ___50___ the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it.

It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen without feeling, to be a(n) ___51___ observer. In fact, there is much that one can learn from a ___52___ review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve myself? As for chronic (习惯性的) criticizers: It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their ___53___ when necessary.

___54___, one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with the other party. Examine it for any potential ___55___, and then let it go and just be “OK”.

41. A. dependent B. judgmental C. selfish D. creative

42. A. criticism B. imperfection C. failure D. unawareness

43. A. devoted to B. connected with C. ashamed of D. concerned about

44. A. turn down B. get rid of C. cover up D. focus on

45.

A. making a mess B. asking for trouble

C. having fun D. offering a helpful hand

46. A. considerate B. careless C. humble D. modest

47. A. forcing B. receiving C. criticizing D. advising

48. A. avoidable B. meaningless C. extreme D. natural

49. A. impolite B. dangerous C. defensive D. regretful

50. A. ignores B. acknowledges C. eliminates D. declines

51. A. active B. initiative C. creative D. objective

52. A. reasonable B. agreeable C. negative D. instructive

53. A. praise B. presence C. comment D. help

54. A. In any case B. On the contrary C. To begin with D. For instance

55. A. harm B. conflict C. obstacle D. truth

【答案】41. B    42. A    43. C    44. D    45. A    46. B    47. B    48. D    49. C    50. B    51. D    52. C    53. B    54. A    55. D

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Being able to land safely is a critically important skill for all flying animals. Comparatively speaking, ground living animals face no particular challenge when they need to stop running or crawling, while flying animals move at much higher speed, and they must be careful about how they land. Hitting the ground, or even water, at full flight speed would be quite dangerous. Before touching down, they must decrease their speed in order to land safely. Both bats and birds have mastered the skill of landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite differently.

In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying mechanics, there was little difference between bats and birds. This belief was based only on assumption, however, because for years nobody had actually studied in detail how bats move their wings. In recent years, though, researchers have discovered a number of interesting facts about bat flight. Bats are built differently from birds, and their wings are made up of both their front and hind limbs (肢体). This makes coordinating (协调) their limbs more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very good at flying over longer distances. However, they are much better at the ability to adjust themselves: a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or completely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do.

Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land-upside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be observed flying around and then suddenly hanging upside down from an object overhead. One downside to this landing routine is that the bats often land with some force, which probably causes pain. However, not all bats hit their landing spots with the same speed and force; these will vary depending on the area where a bat species makes its home. For example, a cave bat, which regularly lives on a hard stone ceiling, is more careful about its landing preparation than a bat more accustomed to landing in leafy treetops.

56. Which of the following is the topic of the passage?

A. Places where flying animals choose to land.

B. Why scientists have difficulty observing bats.

C. Differences in the eating habits of bats and birds.

D. Ways in which bats move differently from birds.

57. Which of the following is a false assumption about bats that was recently corrected?

A. They cannot hear any sound. B. They sleep upside down.

C. They fly similarly to birds. D. They hide in tree branches.

58. The word “it” (in 2nd paragraph) probably refers to “______”.

A. the distance to the nets B. the sense of flying height

C. the flying direction D. the ability to change the speed

59. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. Bats might hurt themselves when landing.

B. Bats can hang upside down like birds.

C. Bats can adjust speed before landing.

D. Bats and birds land in different ways.

【答案】56. D    57. C    58. C    59. B

(B)

60. What do we know from the first part of the passage?

A. TED organization is not responsible for TEDx events.

B. TEDx is TED-like but it is operated independently.

C. People can give TEDx speeches under no conditions.

D. TEDx speeches should follow a single topic principle.

61. According to the General rules, a TEDx event organizer should ______.

A. extend the event to one day B. hold a TED event first

C. name the event after locations D. host the event in different cities

62. Which of the following people may be allowed to make a TEDx speech?

A. A member of a volunteer group who wants to collect money for the war victims.

B. A college student who wants to advocate the use of green and renewable energy.

C. A CEO in a high-tech industry who wants to popularize its newest product.

D. A professional speaker who wants to motivate people with successful stories.

【答案】60. B    61. C    62. B

 (C)

In an industry with low margins (利润) where the traditional wisdom is led by Walmart, the key to success is lowering operating costs. A big part of those costs are in labor, so it is no surprise that the retail industry has been a leader in using more part-time workers to keep labor costs down, holding the line on wages, not training, and with few exceptions, seeing employees as a cost to be minimized. There is no doubt that these businesses fight for every dollar of margin. Unlike trend-leading hi-tech companies which spend a lot of money on employees to get them innovated, retail industry can spend very limited money on their employees.

What researchers found was that companies were often staffing their stores far too low, and that many stores tended to perform better with higher staffing levels and were more profitable. Let’s let that sink in for a minute. The stores were making more money (with all other things being equal) when they spent more on employees.

They also found that retailers didn’t do a very good job when staffing levels are just the actual demand in those stores. In fact, they set staffing levels identically across stores, even when the needs of the stores varied considerably. The average store did not appear to be understaffed, but there were enough that were understaffed and effect on overall company profitability was substantial.

Interestingly, the same researchers persuaded the retail chain to run an experiment with them and slightly raise staffing levels to the amount that their analysis of historical data suggests would be ideal. Yes, labor costs obviously jumped when they did that, but so did profits. In retail, labor is a small percentage of costs—the biggest part is the cost of the products they sell. So, the net effect was an increase in profits of $7.4 million across 168 stores on an annual basis.

What can we learn from this? One question worth thinking of is: How can traditional retail industry survive the increasingly severe market? Especially now with the growth of online retail, the one thing stores still have going for them is one to one customer contact with salespeople. If retailers cut that down to almost nothing, then they have effectively eliminated their competitive advantage against online stores.

63. In the first paragraph, Walmart is mentioned to indicate that ______.

A. Walmart is suffering a low return on investments

B. Walmart is followed by companies in controlling costs

C. Walmart well balances investments and profits

D. Walmart should considerably cut costs on its employees

64. According to the passage, which of the following is true about retail industry?

A. It focuses on lowering costs of employees.

B. It intends to over staff employees in the stores.

C. It attempts to maintain high income for the employees.

D. It invents a large sum of money on staff training.

65. What can we learn from the researchers’ experiment?

A. It’s acceptable to have equal staffing levels across stores.

B. Understaffing helps the stores to operate profitably.

C. Profitability has nothing to do with staffing.

D. A little over the standard staffing proved to be profitable.

66. Which of the following would the author probably agree with?

A. For retail industry, cutting product costs is the priority.

B. Online retail industry should staff more precisely to be competitive.

C. Investment on employees is potentially profitable for retail industry.

D. Staffing control is an effective way for retail industry to make profits.

【答案】63. B    64. A    65. D    66. C

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

College graduation eventually means taking much of your attention in your first job search. This process can be challenging, especially for those students who had thought very carefully about their chosen major and their potential career path—or those who majored in a field not directly connected to a specific career he eventually got. If you are in one of these groups, fear not! ___67___

Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields. For example, if you wish to become a teacher, you will likely have needed to complete an education program and eventually sit for a licensing exam. The same applies to majors in nursing. If you did not complete an acceptable nursing program, you won’t be able to take the nursing licensing exam. ___68___

Other majors, however, are closely related to career paths but don’t necessarily require a degree in the area. For example, students who majored in finance, math, or statistics may also have the necessary skills to be hired as an accountant.

Hopefully, as a college student, you were able to do more than just attend classes and read your course books. Your non-academic experiences can be very influential on your future career as well. Did you work during college, volunteer, or participate in a club or organization?

___69___ If you volunteered with a non-profit organization such as a homeless or domestic violence shelter, seek out positions in social services related to case management or victim advocacy. You may qualify for a position regardless of your major.

Although it often seems like your college major alone determines your career fate, this just isn’t the case. ____70____ If you don’t know what career options to consider based on your major, talk to your faculty or academic advisor. You may be surprised at what opportunities await!

A. If so, and if you enjoyed these activities, seek out related careers.

B. In these cases, successfully completing a specific major is crucial to landing a job in the matching field.

C. Graduating from a university with an excellent major and practical ability will surely make you more competitive.

D. It may influence it, but there are other factors that influence your career options as well.

E. The more you learn about workforce market, the better you’ll know the importance of a desired major.

F. Although your major and coursework are relevant to landing a job, they are not the only deciding factors.

【答案】67. F    68. B   

69. A    70. D

IV. Summary Writing

71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Are you working with your computer routinely either as a office employee or a game lover? Are your eyes dry, watery, blurry, seeing double or sensitive to light? If your answer is a “yes”, you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain, also called computer-vision syndrome. What on earth is this syndrome coming from? What can we do to deal with this problem?

Eyestrain is often related to the amount of exposure to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens simultaneously. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices today reaches further into the eyes than other kinds of light. This light actually assists attention during the day but can result in interrupted sleep patterns at night.

Years of scientific researches indicate that eyestrain isn’t necessarily an unavoidable problem for those who deal with computer work in the daily base. There are ways you can adopt which can overcome the problem considerably. To begin with, your computer screen should be high-resolution (高分辨率), at least 50 centimeters wide diagonally and may require a screen filter to decrease reflections. Also, be aware that “computer glasses”, which cut down glare and blue light，are available.

Besides, to reduce your risk for computer-vision syndrome, take frequent breaks during your computer workday. Many workers take only two 15-minute breaks from their computer throughout their day. According to a recent study, eyestrain are significantly reduced when computer workers take four additional five-minute “mini-breaks” throughout their workday. Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens, which only worsen the effects of eyestrain. While viewing digital screens, many people blink (眨眼) one third less often than they usually do. Place a reminder on your computer to “blink” so that your eyes don’t dry out.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】Digital eyestrain is related to the amount of exposure to screens and the distance of the eyes to the screens. Scientists suggest we should use high-resolution screens and try to decrease reflections. Moreover, besides longer breaks, we should take more additional mini-breaks. Finally, remind ourselves to blink as much as possible to prevent our eyes from drying out.

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72. 这部有关拯救地球的科幻片的确值得一看。(worth)

______________________________________

73. 为了节约开支，我们决定自己做饭，不在饭店用餐。(instead of)

______________________________________

74. 他自幼接触中国文化，对书法和古典诗歌产生了浓厚的兴趣。(expose)

______________________________________

75. 垃圾分类有利环保，但要大规模推广还需克服许多难题。(beneficial)

______________________________________

【答案】72. This science fiction film about saving the Earth is indeed worth seeing.   

73. (In order) to save money, we decided to cook by ourselves instead of eating in the restaurant.   

74. He has been exposed to Chinese culture since childhood and developed a strong interest in calligraphy and classical poetry.   

75. Garbage classification is beneficial to environmental protection, but there are still many problems to be overcome if it is to be carried out on a large scale.

VI. Guided Writing

76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你们学校将对餐厅、图书馆、络 (School Net Work)进行改造。请你写信给校长，就其中你最关心的一个改造项目谈谈你的看法。

你的信中应包括:1.你认为需改造的项目目前有哪些不足； 2.你认为应如何改造并简要说说这样改造的好处。

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】    I’m a student of a school, I heard our school will transform restaurants, libraries, and school Net Work. Our school library provides good service for the teachers and students, but I think there are still some aspects to be improved.

First of all, many students do not know how to borrow and read books, so it’s necessary to give the students lectures about it. Secondly, with more and more students coming，the reading rooms in school libraries haven’t been enlarged, which can’t seat more students. It is suggested that the school should enlarge more. Finally, increase more opening time. Only after two classes on Fridays can the students have access to the library, which is unable to meet the students' need. I suggest that schools should be opened for half an hour after dinner

If the school improves in these areas, I believe that more students will benefit from it.