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2019届上海市建平中学高三4月质量检测英语试题 Word版含解析
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2018学年上海省上海市浦东新区建平中学
高三第二学期4月考试卷
I. Listening Comprehension(略)
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Does City Living Hurt Mental Health?
People often move to cities ___1___ better jobs and more cultural activities. But are they putting ___2___ at risk? Maybe.
Experts at the American Psychiatry Association say that “natural environments or green spaces” do much for good our mental health and ___3___ (experience) nature helps people recover from the mental tiredness that comes from day-to-day work.
On the other hand, ___4___ they cannot say exactly why, mental health experts say some research suggests that city living might hurt our mental health.
Andrea Mechelli is a doctor with the Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College, London. “There have been studies ___5___ people were taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment, and their symptoms would improve. And we also see that the greater the city the greater the risk.”
Kings College researchers, along with city planners and land and building designers hoped ___6___ (learn) more about city living and mental illness. So, they created a smartphone app called Urban Mind. They say they wanted to understand ___7___ different parts of the urban environment affect mental wellbeing.
The Urban Mind app ___8___ your experience of city living in the moment. Researchers collected real time information from 108 people, who answered just over 3,000 questions during a one-week period.
The researchers found that being outdoors, seeing trees, hearing birdsong, seeing the sky, and feeling in contact with nature ___9___(associate) with higher levels of mental well-being.They also found that these seeming effects of nature were especially strong in those individuals at greater risk of mental health problems.
The Urban Mind Project team says it hopes “the results will inform future urban planning and social policy ___10___(intend) to improve design and health.”
【答案】1. for 2. themselves
3. experiencing
4. though/although
5. where 6. to learn
7. how 8. measures
9. were associated
10. intended
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。本文通过围绕在城市生活会影响人的精神吗这个话题展开，研究人员还使用了“城市思维”这个应用程序可以测量人们当下的城市生活体验。研究人员发现了自然环境对精神健康水平有影响。
【1题详解】
考查介词。句意：人们经常为了更好的工作和更多的文化活动而搬到城市。根据句子意思，人们经常搬到城市，是为了更好的工作和文化活动，这里表示一种目的，故填for。
【2题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：但他们是在把自己置于危险之中吗？也许吧。短语put oneself at risk，表示使某人自己处于危险之中。根据主语是they，故填themselves。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：美国精神病学协会的专家表示，“自然环境或绿色空间”对我们的精神健康大有裨益，体验自然有助于人们从日常工作带来的精神疲劳中恢复过来。因为空格前有and作并列连词，所以后面是一个句子，句中有谓语动词helps，缺少主语，所以experiencing在这里要充当主语，故填experiencing。
【4题详解】
考查连词。句意：另一方面，虽然他们不能确切地说出原因，但心理健康专家说，一些研究表明，城市生活可能会损害我们的心理健康。根据they cannot say判断是表示让步的句子，可以用though/although引导让步状语从句，故填though/although。
【5题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有研究表明，人们从城市环境被带到农村环境，他们的症状会改善。分析句子成分，There have been studies where people were taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment中有一个定语从句，先行词是studies，people were taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment是一个完整的句子，主语是people，谓语是were taken out of，宾语是an urban environment，分析句意可知缺少地点状语，故填where。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：国王学院的研究人员、城市规划者、土地和建筑设计师希望更多地了解城市生活和精神疾病。短语hope to do sth.，希望做某事，to do表示目的，故填to learn。
【7题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：他们说，他们想了解城市环境的不同部分是如何影响心理健康的。根据句子意思，他们想要明白不同的城市环境怎样影响心理健康，how“怎么样，如何”，故填how。
【8题详解】
考查动词及时态。句意：“城市思维”应用程序可以测量你当下的城市生活体验。分析句子成分可知，measure为谓语动词，再根据主语是The Urban Mind app，时态是一般现在时，故填measures。
【9题详解】
考查动词及语态。句意：研究人员发现，呆在户外，看树，听鸟叫，看天空，感受大自然，这些都与较高的精神健康水平有关。The researchers found that 后面是一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中，主语是being outdoors, seeing trees, hearing birdsong, seeing the sky, and feeling in contact with nature，所以接下来所给动词为谓语动词，此句时态是一般过去时，且用被动语态，故填were associated。
10题详解】
考查过去分词做定语。句意：“城市心智”项目团队表示，他们希望“研究结果将为未来旨在改善设计和健康城市规划和社会政策提供信息。”根据句子结构来看，intend充当policy的后置定语，相当于which is intended to，表示旨在，故填intended。
【点睛】第4小题考查了though/although用法。though，although引导让步状语从句时，后面的主句不能有but，however，但是可与yet，still连用。
1.although 和though同义，在一般情况下，可以互换使用。只是though较普遍，常用于非正式的口语或书面语中，而although则较为正式。另外 although 语气比though重，常用以强调让步概念。
e.g. Though/Although my car is very old, I don’t want to buy a new one.
同义句：My car is very old, but I don't want to buy a new one.
虽然我的汽车很旧，但我不想买一辆新的。
2.even能和 though组合表示强调，但even 不能和although 组合。因此，不能说even although，
在这里even though=even if（no matter if thou使…….也……）
e.g. Even if/Even though we could afford it, we wouldn’t go abroad for our vocation.
即使我们付得起这笔钱，也不出国度假。
3.当让步状语从句指某种假设情况时，通常用though而不用although。
e.g. Though all the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion.
就算全世界都反对我，我还是坚持我的立场。
4.though可以独立用作副词，常放在句末，意为all the same还是；仍然）或however（可是；然而），而although无此用法。
e.g. She didn't tell me what she had done, but I know it though.
她没有告诉我她所做的事情，但我还是知道了。
5.although和 though引导让步状语从句时，常采用省略形式。
e.g. Although tired（=Although he was tired）, he kept on working.
虽然很疲劳，但他继续工作。
Section B (10分)
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Cryptocurrencies, also digital currencies, are under the microscope as never before. On Tuesday the blockchain （区块链）supporting bitcoin （比特币）is ____11____ in two, as members of the bitcoin community unhappy with the digital currency’s direction set up a(n) ____12____ called Bitcoin Cash. However, Bitcoin Cash will likely only be worth a part of bitcoin. The original digital currency is ____13____ at around $2,778,39, but future values for Bitcoin Cash are just $ 288.35, or 0.103 of a bitcoin.
Last week the Russian national Alexander Vinnik, who____14____ cheated early adopters of millions of pounds’ worth of bitcoins, including funds obtained from the hack （非法侵入）of failed bitcoin exchange Mt Gox, was arrested in Greece.
Vinnik was described by the US Department of Justice as the operator of BTC-e, an exchange used to trade bitcoin since 2011, which was used to transfer more than $4bn for people involved in crimes.Greeek police claimed that the 38-year-old was “an internationally ____15____ ‘mastermind’ of a crime organistation”.
US authorities also linked him to the failure of Mt Gox, the Japan-based bitcoin exchange that ___16___ in 2014 after being hacked. Vinnik “obtained” funds from the hack and transferred them through BTC-e and Tradehill, another San Francisco-based exchange he owned, according to court documents.
The Russian authorities have become progressively concerned about potential for digital currencies to be used for illegal means, but remain ____17____ about whether it is a currency or a financial property. Elvira Nabiullina, governor of the Russian central bank, he said it should be ____18____ as a digital property. “We don’t consider that bitcoin can be considered as a(n) ____19____ currency,” she told CNBC.
But the country’s deputy finance minister, Alexey Moiseev, recently said the authorities hoped to recognise bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies as a legal financial instrument next year in a (n) ____20____ to handle Vinnik-style money transferring.
【答案】11. H 12. A
13. I 14. B
15. G 16. E
17. J 18. F
19. K 20. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了加密货币，也称数字货币，正以前所未有的方式受到人们的关注。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：周二，支持比特币的区块链将一分为二。根据后文讲 比特币基金会因为数字货币的走向而不开心，因为他们把the blockchain（区块链）supporting bitcoin （比特币）一分为二，表示“分开”故选H。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们创建了一个名为比特币现金的替代方案。冠词a(n)后面接名词，根据bitcoin Cash可知此处意为“替代方案”，故选A。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最初的数字货币交易价格约为2778,39美元，但比特币现金的未来价值仅为288.35美元，即1比特币的0.103美元。根据空格后面是价格，但是比特币未来价格只是 $ 288.35。 所以空格选择跟钱有关，表示“交易”故选I。
【14题详解】
考查副词。句意：那个欺骗价值数百万英镑比特币的早期使用者的人，在希腊被抓起来了。用副词修饰动词cheated，故选B。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：希腊警方称，这名38岁的男子是“国际通缉的组织犯罪‘主谋’”。an是冠词，internationally是副词，mastermind是名词，此处应填形容词sought，意为“被追查的”，故选G。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：Mt Gox是一家总部位于日本的比特币交易所，在2014年遭到黑客攻击后倒闭。根据after being hacked可知选E。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但仍未决定它是一种货币还是一种金融资产。俄罗斯当局渐渐的开始关心数字货币的前景，但是后文的whether 可以看出还不太确定，remain“保持”，是系动词，后接形容词做表语，故选J。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：俄罗斯央行行长Elvira Nabiullina表示，应该将其作为数字资产加以监管。根据should be可知后接动词过去分词，故选F。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：as a(n) ____currency可知用形容词，再根据第8项，她不认为比特币可以被看做digital property，对应的是形容词 virtual，故选K。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：但该国财政部副部长Alexey Moiseev最近表示，当局希望明年将比特币和其他加密货币作为一种合法金融工具，以处理类似vinnik的资金转移。a (n)后接名词，文中说希望明年可以认可比特币作为一种在转账方面的一个合法金融工具，in an attempt to do sth“尝试做某事，试图做某事”，故选C。
【点睛】第10小题中考查了in an attempt to do sth.用法，in an attempt to do sth意为“竭尽全力做某事；尝试做某事；企图做”。
She wants to make a good impression and in an attempt to do so continually finds herself telling stories with no end.
她想给你留下一个好印象，却发现自己说起话来没完没了。
III. Reading Comprehension (45 分）
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.
Online deception is now so commonplace that criminal gangs are using it as part of a wider range of activities to make money out of the public. “There’s been a rapid normalisation of online as people see how ___21___ it can be. You see the industry adjusting to fight against that,” says Downey, security lead at payment company Braintree.
This was made ___22___ in May this year when there was an unparalleled attack on thousands of computer systems around the world, after a worm, named WannaCry, attacked computers in more than 150 countries, with payments of $300-$600 to restore access. There were an estimated 45,000 attacks across the UK, Russia, Ukraine, India, China, Italy, Egypt and beyond, with major companies ___23___.
One of the reasons these attacks spread so ___24___ is that businesses and consumers don’t update their software on a regular basis. Downey ___25___ it to a situation in which a car is left in a garage and a thief tries all of the doors to see if one has been left unlocked: “People don’t realize they are leaving that proverbial car unlocked because they don’t understand the nature of these ___26___attacks.”
At the heart of the problem is the ___27___of organized crime. “Criminals can also be an expert at business. They don’t want just one trick to bring in all of their income; it may be ___28___, they may have a slow month and then they’ll have a cashflow problem,” says Downey.
Hacks and the threat of information theft have led to a(n)___29___ of e-commerce among some of the population, says Downey. To fight that unease, simple measures need to be adopted by retailers(零售商) in order to maintain the public’s trust.___30___, this can be achieved by ensuring they create a trustworthy environment for consumers, such as by serving websites through SSL, which establishes a secure and connection between the ___31___ and business.
But for both businesses and consumers, one simple thing remains ___32___: those who can keep both their security up to date and their passwords secure will be ahead of the crowd, says Downey. “You will then be far ahead of the curve of the average business or consumer.”
So don’t use variations of one password on lots of ___33___. If criminals hack a database with your log-in permit, they will then be able to ___34___ your passwords on other accounts. Make sure your passwords have lots of characters and include numbers, symbols and capital letters.___35___ obvious dictionary words, and importantly make each of your passwords completely different.
21. A. boring B. profitable C. dangerous D. surprising
22. A. evident B. mysterious C. peculiar D. infectious
23. A. updated B. transformed C. established D. infected
24. A. moderately B. easily C. cautiously D. gradually
25. A. compares B. implies C. devotes D. limits
26. A. personal B. targeted C. random D. surprising
27. A. variety B. timing C. punishment D. detection
28. A. thrown away B. take in C. shut down D. carried out
29. A. exhaustion B. result C. disappearance D. mistrust
30. A. For example B. By comparison C. What’s more D. In summary
31. A. hacker B. customer C. retailer D. website
32. A. unchanged B. varying C. unpredictable D. avoidable
33. A. curves B. characters C. dictionaries D. accounts
34. A. record B. suspend C. crack D. ruin
35. A. Investigate B. Consult C. Avoid D. Guarantee
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。网络诈骗现在如此普遍，以至于犯罪团伙将其作为更广泛的活动的一部分，利用公众来赚钱。文章针对这个现象，提出了这些攻击容易传播的原因和问题的核心，还提出了登录密码的组合要多样化。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着人们看到网络有多么有利可图，网络已迅速正常化。A. boring无聊的；B. profitable有利可图的；C. dangerous危险的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。通过前文的online deception -“网上欺诈，骗术”可以判断答案应该是跟赚钱有关系，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显，今年5月，一种名为WannaCry的蠕虫病毒攻击了150多个国家的电脑，为恢复访问权限支付了300至600美元。A. evident明显的；B. mysterious神秘的；C. peculiar怪异的，奇怪的；D. infectious传染的。根据下文描述了发生在五月的案例，既然是已经知道的事情，故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据估计，在英国、俄罗斯、乌克兰、印度、中国、意大利、埃及等地发生了4.5万起攻击，主要公司受到感染。A. updated更新的；B. transformed转变的；C. established确立的；D. infected受感染的。根据前文提到的这些国家的网络都遭受到WannaCry这种病毒攻击，故选D。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些攻击如此容易传播的原因之一是企业和消费者不定期更新他们的软件。A. moderately适度地；B. easily容易地；C. cautiously慎重地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据细节，后文句意显示一些公司和顾客不会定期去更新他们的密码，因此遭受病毒攻击电脑的情况就会很容易传播开来，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：唐尼把它比喻为这种情况，即有一辆车在一个车库里，一个小偷试了所有的门，看看是不是有的门没锁。A. compares比较；B. implies暗指，意味着；C. devotes贡献；D. limits限制。根据此空的后文Downey提到了偷车的案件，跟本文不符，因此是在打比方，用偷车来比喻电脑被病毒侵入，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们没有意识到他们没锁车，因为他们不明白这些随机攻击的本质。A. personal个人的；B. targeted定向的；C. random随机的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。选项中的targeted和random是可能的选项，但是通过句意可以发现，既然人们“don’t understand”，那说明这偷车的案例不是由于偷车贼把偷的车锁定为目标，而是随机地一种行为，故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题的核心是各种各样的有组织犯罪。A. variety变化，多样性；B. timing时间选择；C. punishment惩罚；D. detection检测。本题的干扰项是timing，这里指犯罪时机。但是通过本段分号前后的意思看出是不同的有组织性犯罪，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：它可能会被关闭，他们可能会有一个月的淡季，然后他们会有现金流问题。A. thrown away扔掉；B. take in欺骗。吸收；C. shut down停工，关闭；D. carried out实施。通过空格后面的may have a slow month，意指不景气的时候，而前面的it may be中的it指代的是进行网上欺诈这件事，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：唐尼说，黑客攻击和信息盗窃的威胁导致了一些人对电子商务的不信任。A. exhaustion疲惫；B. result结果；C. disappearance消失；D. mistrust不信任。根据空格后面提到了e-commerce-电商，在网上买东西会有被盗取密码的风险，因此黑客和盗取信息的贼会导致顾客对电商的不信任，且后文也提到了public trust，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，这可以通过确保他们为消费者创造一个值得信任的环境来实现。A. For example举例；B. By comparison通过对比；C. What’s more此外；D. In summary总之，概括起来。根据句中to fight that unease引出了目的状语，为了对抗这种不安的方法，后面进行了举例说明，故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如通过SSL为网站提供服务，从而在客户和业务之间建立安全和连接。A. hacker黑客；B. customer顾客；C. retailer零售商；D. website网页。根据空格后面是business，且前文在讲顾客对电商的信任问题，故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对企业和消费者来说，有一件简单的事情没有改变。A. unchanged未改变的；B. varying不同的；C. unpredictable不可预测的；D. avoidable避免的。根据通过表转折的词but和空格前的词remain可以看出作者想要表达的观点是这种顾客和商家的不信任关系仍然没有得到改变，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以不要在很多账户上使用同一密码变体。A. curves曲线；B. characters特性；C. dictionaries字典；D. accounts账户。根据前文讲述用电商购物密码被窃取的可能，因此最后一段提出方法就是不要将一个密码用在多个账户上，且14题后面也提到accounts这个线索，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果犯罪分子利用你的登录许可侵入数据库，他们就能破解你在其他账户上的密码。A. record记录；B. suspend延缓；C. crack破裂，打开；D. ruin毁灭。根据这一句讲到罪犯能够非法侵入窃取你的一个数据库，就能够破解你的其他账户的密码，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：避免明显的字典单词，重要的是使你的每个密码完全不同。A. Investigate调查；B. Consult咨询；C. Avoid 避免；D. Guarantee保证。根据最后一段给消费者提供保护账户不被窃取密码的方法，建议用多种字符，如数字、符号、大写字母等，空格后面是“明显的字典里的词”，这是很容易查找出来的，所以如果要避免被盗取密码是不能用这种文字的，故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
I went climbing with a millennial(千禧一代).She is younger, fitter, braver and more energetic. I am good at getting discouraged, having a rest and giving advice from the sidelines. She will cling(附着于)on to a wall like a small monkey trying to escape certain death, while I will get near the top, realize how high that is and lose my nerve. Together we could make an impressive（感人的；令人钦佩的） team, me at the bottom of the wall, going, "That's great, try using your feet one by one. OhWhat did you do that for?" And her going, "Shall we try that again so we've actually done it? Do you think we should have warmed up first?"
Climbing muscles, being the same as regular muscles, are use-it-or-lose-it. I climbed more often before I did the crazy running activity and used to think of the green runs at my local center as being for children, or for a warm-up. Now I find them extremely hard, and the purple is my top-of-the-tree, when in fact they are both for beginners, really. I suspect the millennial of avoiding the blue-with-red-spots just so as to not show me up.
It wasn't her first time climbing, but she wasn't registered at the center, so she had to go through a process that sounds threatening: watching a video and answering questions on it (the answers are always "I am responsible for my own safety in the center" and Holds may spin"). In an older person-me, for instance-any activity that starts with a reflection on your own death is a little low-energy, whereas she seemed quite excited by it.
We both laughed at each other's clothing: she accused me of having, a pink T-shirt which seemed too lovely for me, while she was dressed to be a labourer. The moral is that you can basically wear anything while you climb. It's not like running, where the ill-dressed are chased from the area by a thousand eyes.
36. We learn from Paragraph 1 that the author and the millennial .
A. know each other very well B. try to learn how to escape death
C. form a sharp contrast D. make a team that beats others
37. By “climbing muscles, being the same as regular muscles, are use-it-or-lose-it” the author means______.
A. climbing does good to muscles
B. climbing needs practicing regularly
C. climbing muscles are as useful as other muscles
D. climbing muscles won’t be lost even if not used
38. The question the millennial was required to answer were admitted to .
A. let the climbers realize the climbing might be dangerous
B. give the climbers another approach to think of death
C. warn the climbers against loss of energy in the process
D. remind the climbers of the importance of registration
39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A. Climbers need to wear special clothes.
B. Ill-dressed runners stand out improperly.
C. Climbers need to get a certificate before climbing.
D. The author and millennial like making fun of others.
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. A 39. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者描述了与一个千禧一代的女孩在登山中发生的一些事情。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段the millennial is younger, fitter, braver and more energetic but I am good at getting discouraged.这里的描写形成明显的反差，故选C项。
【37题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段regular muscles 相对于选项最正确的就是攀登需要经常锻炼，regular对应选项中的 practice regularly，故选B项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段the answers are always “I am responsible for my own safety in the center” and Holds may spin. 可知女孩认为要对自己的安全负责，她这样说是为了让攀登者意识到攀登可能是危险的。等同dangerous，故选A项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段We both laughed at each other's clothing: she accused me of having, a pink T-shirt which seemed too lovely for me, while she was dressed to be a labourer.可知作者和她会相互取笑对方，故选D项。
(B)
With its subtle(微妙的)rules on tipping and not-so-subtle rules about carrying ID,Las Vegas is better enjoyed after a little research.This smart booklet will save you the bother.
Tipping
Las Vegas runs on tips.You should hand a dollar bill to the waiting staff who get you a drink,and the doorman who whistles you up a taxi.Taxi drivers and restaurant waiting staff should get 15%-20%(most bills do not include service charge);tour guides $5-$10;and you're oven expected to leave S2-S5 a day at the end of your hotel stay for the housekeeping staff you may never actually meet. On the plus side, the customer service in Las Vegas is second to none:if you tip well for a round of drinks in a club，for instance, a good waiter will later pick you out of the crowd and pour your drinks while you're still sitting in the fourth row.
Getting around
The airport is close to the centre.You can catch a shuttle to the major hotels for$11-$15,or get a quicker taxi for about $25.(Walking on the Strip is fun for people-watching, with elevated pedestrian walkways.A monorail runs from the MGM Grand to SLS with stops at: Bally's and Paris;the Flamingo; Harrah's and The LINQ;Las Vegas Convention Center and Westgate Vegas. A double-decker bus called the Deuce also runs all the way up the Strip to Fremont Street in the Downtown area.
Areas
When you think of Las Vegas,you're thinking of the Strip:a stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard,about four miles long,packed with hotels and casinos(娱乐场所)that extends from the Mandalay Bay hotel in the south to the SLS hotel in the north.There are two skyscraper hotels a little to the east,Palms and the Rio,and some smaller.cheaper ones to the west.The other great area for the visitor is Downtown.four miles north of the central Strip.Don't think you've seen Las Vegas without visiting it.
Health
Especially in summer,make sure you stay well hydrated(含水的).All casinos and hotels are air-conditioned,sometimes heavily:consider carrying a jumper or jacket even during the summer.In the case of a medical emergency,call 911 or ask your hotel doorman for assistance.
Other essentials
Carry ID with proof of age (passport or driving licence) if you are going to a club;it will be checked no matter how old you! appear.
To find out more about holidays in Las Vegas, check out visitinglasvegas.com
40. Which of the following is true of Las Vegas?
A. The Strip is one of its cultural symbols.
B. The age of club-goers is not necessarily to be checked
C. Visitors had better carry jumpers due to the rainy summer
D. Visitors can get an excellent customer service if they tip well.
41. There are means of transport for visitors to choose from if they want to get around .
A. 3 B. 4
C. 5 D. 6
42. This smart booklet is meant to .
A. tell visitors what they must know about the destination
B. help visitors learn about local customs and lifestyle
C. impress visitors with a cost-saving too
D. inspire more visitors to tour the city
【答案】40. D 41. B 42. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。通过这本小册子给游客介绍拉斯维加斯的各种信息。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tipping这一部分中On the plus side, the customer service in Las Vegas is second to none及提到的例子，如果你小费给的多，拉斯维加斯的服务是首屈一指的，故选D项。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据Getting around这一部分中提到，四种交通方式分别是shuttle（穿梭巴士）, taxi, monorail和double-deck bus（双层巴士），因此是4种，此处要注意走路不算transport，故选B项。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。这个小册子介绍了拉斯维加斯的各种信息，为的是给来这里的旅游者提供便利，故选A项。
（C）
Psychopaths, by definition, have problems understanding the emotions of other people, which partly explains why they are so selfish and why they commit violent crimes at up to three times the rate of other people.
But curiously, they seem to have no difficulty in understanding what other people think, want, or believe."Their behavior seems to suggest that they don't consider the thoughts of others," says ArielleBaskin-Sommers from Yale University, but their performance on experiments suggests otherwise. When they hear a story and are asked to say what a character is thinking, they can.
On the face of it, this makes sense: Here are people who can understand what their victims are thinking but just don't care. Hence their actions. But Baskin-Sommers found that there's more to their minds than it seems.
Bakin-Sommers managed to persuade a maximum-security prison in Connecticut to let her work with their prisoners. First, Baskin-Sommers administered a standard test to 106 male prisoners from the Connecticut prison to assess psychopathy. Of them, 22 proved to be psychopaths, 28 were not, and the rest fell in a gray zone.
After assessing the 106 volunteers, she then gave them a computer-based task. They saw a picture of a human avatar (化身) in prison uniforms, standing in a room and facing either right or left. There were either two red dots on the wall in front of the avatar, or one dot in front of it and one dot behind it, The prisoners’ job was to figure out how many dots either they or the avatar could see.
Normally, people can accurately say how many dots the avatar sees, but they're slower if there are dots behind the avatar. Thar's because what they see (two dots) affects their ability to see through the avatar's eyes(one dot), This is called egocentric interference. But they're also slower to say how many dots they can see if that number differs from the avatar's count. People are automatically affected by the avatar's perspective, even when it hurts their own performance. This is called altercentic interference.
Baskin-Sommers found that the psychopathic prisoners showed the usual level of egocentric interference-that is, their own perspective was muscling in on the avatar's, But they showed much less altercentric interference than the other prisoners- the avatar's perspective wasn't messing with their own, as it would for most other people.
Of course, not all psychopaths are the same, and they vary considerably in their behavior. But Baskin-Sommers also found fhat the higher their score on the psychopathy assessment test, the less they were affected by what the avatar saw. And the less affected they were, the more charges they had on their record.
To her, the results show that psychopaths do not automatically take the perspective of other people. That helps to explain why they behave so cruelly and even violently.
43. What does "otherwise" (in paragraph 2) refer to ?
A. Pychopaths' behavior is not worth studying
B. Psychopaths can understand others' thoughts
C. Psychopaths have trouble knowing about others.
D. Psychopaths' perfomance on experiments is unbelievable
44. Baskin-Sommers's research with the prisoners involved.
A. asking them to say the number of the dots they or the avatar could see
B. reading their medical records to see whether they were psychopaths.
C. requiring them to figure out which avatar messed in with them
D. decreasing the effect of the avatar on their performance
45. What can be inferred from the results of Baskin Sommers's work the prisoners?
A. It's more difficult for psychopaths to work out what they themselves are thinking about.
B. Egocentric interference are more related to criminal acts than altercentric imerference.
C. People showing more altercentric interference are less likely to be psychopaths.
D. Psychopaths tend to be affected by the avatar to the same degree.
46. Which of the following might be the best title of this passage?
A. Varieties of Psychopaths
B. How Psychopaths See the World
C. Psychopaths and Their Perspectives
D. Why Psychopaths Need More Understanding
【答案】43. B 44. A 45. C 46. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了耶鲁大学的ArielleBaskin-Sommers通过实验研究及数据统计，在精神病评估测试中，发现了精神变态者不会自动站在他人的角度，有助于解释为什么他们的行为如此残忍，甚至暴力。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句到第四句"Their behavior seems to suggest that they don't consider the thoughts of others," says ArielleBaskin-Sommers from Yale University, but their performance on experiments suggests otherwise通过该实验表明精神病患者表现的恰是与他们行为所表现的不能理解别人的想法的看法相反，故选B项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段第三句"But they're also slower to say how many dots they can see if that number differs from the avatar's count."可知，实验要求囚犯们说出他们自己和化身avatar能看到的点的数目是多少，故选A项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段最后一句描述："But they showed much less altercentric interference than the other prisoners- the avatar's perspective wasn't messing with their own, as it would for most other people."表明受到更多altercentric 干扰影响的人成为精神病患者的可能性较小，故选C项。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段"they seem to have no difficulty in understanding what other people think"和第四五段的实验表明文章主要讨论的内容是研究精神病患者如何看待他人，理解自己所处的世界的问题，故选B项。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need..
One day, an American was driving, too fast, in the west of Ireland when he was pulled over by a police officer. “what would happen if you were to run into Mr Fog?" the officer asked angry in his thick Irish accent. Annoyed by the police officer’s manners, the American replied,”______47______” The officer stared at him strangely and said,” I said fog.”
For one moment, the American, who happens to be anthropology(人类学家), thought he had come across those who liked personifying aspects of the weather.___48___
People in Britain do not usually say “I appreciate it,” have a hard time, reach out to other people, stay focused, ask to be given a break, refer to the bottom line or get blown away. The word ”scary,” as opposed to “frightening “or "alarming " sounds childish to British ears._____49_____ This is a term which, if banned in America, would cause airplanes to fall from the sky.
The phrase "to feel comfortable with" is typically American. Using the word "agreesive" positively also sounds strange across the Atlantic. The habit of using the word "like" every four seconds, widespread among American youth, has now caught on in Brain as well. Perhaps it has to do with an expectation of not sounding dogmatic(教条的).
Americans tend to say "Excuse me" when they accidentally get in your way, while the British say "Sorry.” Americans say "Excuse me" even when they are 10 paces away from you, since they are accustomed to a lot more space than people are in Europe.___50___
Brits and Americans, in short, are stranger to each other than they usually imagine. Every now and then, an American will reveal that he or she does not understand the word "fortnight(两周), has never used a teapot or does not know how to boil an egg.
A. But it was just another case of international miscommunication.
B. Well, I guess I’d put Mr. Foot on Mr. Brake.
C. Sorry, I was driving too fast.
D. Given a choice, Brits prefer to use longer words.
E. Brits tend not to use the word “awesome”.
F. One knows one is back in the U.K, when everyone is constantly saying sorry for no reason.
【答案】47. B 48. A
49. E 50. F
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章通过故事引出了话题，描写了英美国家之间文化交流的差异。
【47题详解】
根据上文警察说的话what would happen if you were to run into Mr. Fog? 以及Annoyed by the police officer’s manners, the American replied可知，这个美国司机非常生气，该空是他说的话，也用拟人的词语，故选B。
【48题详解】
根据For one moment, the American, who happens to be anthropology, thought he had come across those who liked personifying aspects of the weather.本段说的是一些人喜欢将天气拟人化，而且第一段的事例是文化表达误差的表现，A项“但是另外一种国际文化交流误差的案例”，故选A。
【49题详解】
根据后面说This is a term which, if banned in America, would cause airplanes to fall from the sky.描述了这个习语在美国表示的意思，可知该空应该填一个习语表达，故选E。
【50题详解】
根据Americans tend to say "Excuse me" when they accidentally get in your way, while the British say "Sorry.” Americans say "Excuse me" even when they are 10 paces away from you, since they are accustomed to a lot more space than people are in Europe.可知本段主要讲的是英美人对于个人空间的文化差异，该空在句末，所以是总结句，故选F。
IV. Summary Writing
51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Great Speakers: Why Their Words Resonate (产生共鸣)
This year will mark 55 years since Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech, one that put him among the greatest speakers in history.
What gave “I Have a Dream” and other historic speeches ---such as Abraham Lincoln's“Gettysburg Address”and Winston Churchill's “We Shall Fight on the Beaches” ---such power that they are still distinctly remembered today?
Certainly, it demands perfect delivery. If J.F.Kennedy had gotten up there and mumbled (含糊地说) through his address, we probably wouldn't remember that he said, “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” But there are more to a great speech.
A great speech seizes the historical moment. Franklin D. Roosevelt's classic line --- “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself” --- was delivered during his speech in 1933 at the worst point of the Great Depression. It inspired Americans to regain a sense of confidence and hope, Gerard Hauser, professor of communication at the University of Colorado, says, “A great speech resonates with problems that people are feeling and the expectations they have with respect to those problems.”
A great speech has a memorable tag line. The trick is to deliver a phrase the audience can start repeating, which allows the speaker to pause, and the audience to repeat louder. U.S. President Barack Obama is excellent at this. “When the audience is cheering, he pauses, and then continues to speak, and they cheer louder, so it builds to a kind of peak’’ Hauser says.
A great speech reminds listeners of great moments of the past, linking the speaker with history. Ronald Reagan was considered a master at this. His speech in 1980, as he accepted the presidential nomination, brought the audience back to America's first days. “Three hundred and sixty years ago, in 1620, a group of families dared to cross a mighty ocean to build a future for themselves in a new world,” he said, linking past to future with his appeal for “a new compact (契约) with America.’’
【答案】Many excellent speakers such as Martin Luther King, Abraham Lincoln are known for their prominent speech, because their speech can resonate. First, great speeches involve perfect dеlіvеrу and grab the historical moment. Also, a great speech has a memorable tag line. Moreover, a. great speech possesses a memorable tag line. Finally, great speeches remind audience of great moments of the past, linking the speaker with history.
【解析】
【详解】本文属于一篇结构清晰的说明文。从文章的标题不难看出本文的说明对象：伟大的演讲能和受众共鸣的原因because their speech can resonate；第一段二段提出了和细化了问题First, great speeches involve perfect dеlіvеrу and grab the historical moment. Also, a great speech has a memorable tag line. Moreover, a. great speech possesses a memorable tag line.；接下来的每一段阐述了伟大原因great speeches remind audience of great moments of the past, linking the speaker with history；将每段的原因说明清楚并用自己的语言加以提炼，然后用相应的连词组句成篇即可。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 现代生活由于科技而发生了很大的改变。(bring)
53. 自制力一定能帮助你摆脱网瘾。(sure)
54. 孩子的情绪就像洪水，我们要引导他渡过，不应筑坝拦截。(instead)
55. 新年伊始，家长不妨将压岁钱作为理财教育的契机，帮助孩子们更好地认识到合理支配金钱的重要性。(might)
【答案】52. Technology has brought about great change in modern life.
53. Self-discipline is sure to help you get rid of Internet addiction
54. A kid’s emotion is like a flood, so we should lead him though it instead of building a dam to stop it.
55. At the beginning of the New Year, parents might wish to use the lucky money as an opportunity for financial education and help children to better understand the importance of rational use of money.
【解析】
注意各种词类在句中的运用。
【52题详解】
考查动词及时态。根据句意，主语是technology，谓语是bring，注意时态的选择，变化已经发生使用现在完成时更为恰当，故填Technology has brought about great change in modern life.
【53题详解】
考查形容词。根据句意，主语是self-discipline，宾语是you，谓语是is sure to help，考查sure的用法，它的固定搭配为 be sure to do sth.，在这里也可以用sure的副词形式surely，故填Self-discipline is sure to help you get rid of Internet addiction.
【54题详解】
考查副词。根据句意，这句有主句与分句，要注意此句的逻辑关系以及instead的固定搭配instead of，instead of 后面跟的应该是需要被取代的做法，故填A kid’s emotion is like a flood, so we should lead him though it instead of building a dam to stop it.
【55题详解】
考查情态动词。根据句意，时间状语是at the beginning of the New Year，主语是parents，谓语是might wish和help，宾语是the lucky money和children，还要注意并列句的使用，并列句的多个谓语动词的时态以及单复数应保持一致，且当一个句子只有一个主语但有多个谓语时，谓语动词要保持动作发出者也就是主语是同一个，故填At the beginning of the New Year, parents might wish to use the lucky money as an opportunity for financial education and help children to better understand the importance of rational use of money.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是启明中学高三学生王磊，最近收到英国笔友Mike写来的一封邮件，告诉你最近他阅读了儒勒凡尔纳(Jules Verne)的小说《环游地球八十天》,并提出了"Traveling was more enjoyable in the days before the invention of the aeroplane”这一观点。你对此很感兴趣，决定写一封回信，内容包括:
1.你是否赞同这一观点;
2.你的理由(可以用具体事例说明)。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Mike,
I’ve heard that you’ve read a novel of Jules Verne and believed that “Travelling was more enjoyable in the days before the invention of the aeroplane”, but I beg to differ.
No doubt aeroplanes dwarf all the other means of transportation with regards to speed and safety. Contrary to what you've put forward, travelling might not be as satisfying as is depicted in the novel in these days, when travelers tend to wear themselves out after an endless period of walk and be threatened with wildlife and infection.
Meanwhile, I highly adore flying experience. It doesn’t hurt to pamper yourself with a relaxing air journey after months of work. A pleasant journey high above the sky is sure to sweep your fatigue off, as well as provide a feast to the eyes.
What’s more, travelling is all about experiencing different culture and viewing unique scenery. Despite negative impacts of tourism on the environment.
Those are all of my points. I am looking forward to hear from you again.
Yours,
Wang Lei
【解析】
【分析】
这是一封邮件，应用文。
【详解】第一步：审题：这属于半开放性作文，假设你是王磊，要求你给英国笔友Mike回信，内容要点包括：1.你是否赞同这一观点；2.你的理由。根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
with regards to；contrary to；put forward；tend to；as… as ；be threatened with；be sure to do sth.；sweep off；what’s more；look forward to；hear from等。
第三步：连词成句
1. Contrary to what you've put forward, travelling might not be as satisfying as is depicted in the novel in these days.
2. It doesn’t hurt to pamper yourself with a relaxing air journey after months of work.
3. A pleasant journey high above the sky is sure to sweep your fatigue off, as well as provide a feast to the eyes.
4. travelling is all about experiencing different culture and viewing unique scenery.
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
运用but；with regards to；and；Meanwhile；as well as；what’s more等连接词
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高级句式，如：No doubt aeroplanes dwarf all the other means of transportation with regards to speed and safety.使用了(There is )no doubt that句式；Contrary to what you've put forward, travelling might not be as satisfying as is depicted in the novel in these days, when travelers tend to wear themselves out after an endless period of walk and be threatened with wildlife and infection.使用了非限制性定语从句；It doesn’t hurt to pamper yourself with a relaxing air journey after months of work.使用了It做形式主语；A pleasant journey high above the sky is sure to sweep your fatigue off, as well as provide a feast to the eyes.使用了短语be sure to do sth.，还使用了as well as连接句子；Despite negative impacts of tourism on the environment.使用了让步状语从句等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
2018学年上海省上海市浦东新区建平中学
高三第二学期4月考试卷
I. Listening Comprehension(略)
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Does City Living Hurt Mental Health?
People often move to cities ___1___ better jobs and more cultural activities. But are they putting ___2___ at risk? Maybe.
Experts at the American Psychiatry Association say that “natural environments or green spaces” do much for good our mental health and ___3___ (experience) nature helps people recover from the mental tiredness that comes from day-to-day work.
On the other hand, ___4___ they cannot say exactly why, mental health experts say some research suggests that city living might hurt our mental health.
Andrea Mechelli is a doctor with the Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College, London. “There have been studies ___5___ people were taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment, and their symptoms would improve. And we also see that the greater the city the greater the risk.”
Kings College researchers, along with city planners and land and building designers hoped ___6___ (learn) more about city living and mental illness. So, they created a smartphone app called Urban Mind. They say they wanted to understand ___7___ different parts of the urban environment affect mental wellbeing.
The Urban Mind app ___8___ your experience of city living in the moment. Researchers collected real time information from 108 people, who answered just over 3,000 questions during a one-week period.
The researchers found that being outdoors, seeing trees, hearing birdsong, seeing the sky, and feeling in contact with nature ___9___(associate) with higher levels of mental well-being.They also found that these seeming effects of nature were especially strong in those individuals at greater risk of mental health problems.
The Urban Mind Project team says it hopes “the results will inform future urban planning and social policy ___10___(intend) to improve design and health.”
【答案】1. for 2. themselves
3. experiencing
4. though/although
5. where 6. to learn
7. how 8. measures
9. were associated
10. intended
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。本文通过围绕在城市生活会影响人的精神吗这个话题展开，研究人员还使用了“城市思维”这个应用程序可以测量人们当下的城市生活体验。研究人员发现了自然环境对精神健康水平有影响。
【1题详解】
考查介词。句意：人们经常为了更好的工作和更多的文化活动而搬到城市。根据句子意思，人们经常搬到城市，是为了更好的工作和文化活动，这里表示一种目的，故填for。
【2题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：但他们是在把自己置于危险之中吗？也许吧。短语put oneself at risk，表示使某人自己处于危险之中。根据主语是they，故填themselves。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：美国精神病学协会的专家表示，“自然环境或绿色空间”对我们的精神健康大有裨益，体验自然有助于人们从日常工作带来的精神疲劳中恢复过来。因为空格前有and作并列连词，所以后面是一个句子，句中有谓语动词helps，缺少主语，所以experiencing在这里要充当主语，故填experiencing。
【4题详解】
考查连词。句意：另一方面，虽然他们不能确切地说出原因，但心理健康专家说，一些研究表明，城市生活可能会损害我们的心理健康。根据they cannot say判断是表示让步的句子，可以用though/although引导让步状语从句，故填though/although。
【5题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有研究表明，人们从城市环境被带到农村环境，他们的症状会改善。分析句子成分，There have been studies where people were taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment中有一个定语从句，先行词是studies，people were taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment是一个完整的句子，主语是people，谓语是were taken out of，宾语是an urban environment，分析句意可知缺少地点状语，故填where。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：国王学院的研究人员、城市规划者、土地和建筑设计师希望更多地了解城市生活和精神疾病。短语hope to do sth.，希望做某事，to do表示目的，故填to learn。
【7题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：他们说，他们想了解城市环境的不同部分是如何影响心理健康的。根据句子意思，他们想要明白不同的城市环境怎样影响心理健康，how“怎么样，如何”，故填how。
【8题详解】
考查动词及时态。句意：“城市思维”应用程序可以测量你当下的城市生活体验。分析句子成分可知，measure为谓语动词，再根据主语是The Urban Mind app，时态是一般现在时，故填measures。
【9题详解】
考查动词及语态。句意：研究人员发现，呆在户外，看树，听鸟叫，看天空，感受大自然，这些都与较高的精神健康水平有关。The researchers found that 后面是一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中，主语是being outdoors, seeing trees, hearing birdsong, seeing the sky, and feeling in contact with nature，所以接下来所给动词为谓语动词，此句时态是一般过去时，且用被动语态，故填were associated。
10题详解】
考查过去分词做定语。句意：“城市心智”项目团队表示，他们希望“研究结果将为未来旨在改善设计和健康城市规划和社会政策提供信息。”根据句子结构来看，intend充当policy的后置定语，相当于which is intended to，表示旨在，故填intended。
【点睛】第4小题考查了though/although用法。though，although引导让步状语从句时，后面的主句不能有but，however，但是可与yet，still连用。
1.although 和though同义，在一般情况下，可以互换使用。只是though较普遍，常用于非正式的口语或书面语中，而although则较为正式。另外 although 语气比though重，常用以强调让步概念。
e.g. Though/Although my car is very old, I don’t want to buy a new one.
同义句：My car is very old, but I don't want to buy a new one.
虽然我的汽车很旧，但我不想买一辆新的。
2.even能和 though组合表示强调，但even 不能和although 组合。因此，不能说even although，
在这里even though=even if（no matter if thou使…….也……）
e.g. Even if/Even though we could afford it, we wouldn’t go abroad for our vocation.
即使我们付得起这笔钱，也不出国度假。
3.当让步状语从句指某种假设情况时，通常用though而不用although。
e.g. Though all the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion.
就算全世界都反对我，我还是坚持我的立场。
4.though可以独立用作副词，常放在句末，意为all the same还是；仍然）或however（可是；然而），而although无此用法。
e.g. She didn't tell me what she had done, but I know it though.
她没有告诉我她所做的事情，但我还是知道了。
5.although和 though引导让步状语从句时，常采用省略形式。
e.g. Although tired（=Although he was tired）, he kept on working.
虽然很疲劳，但他继续工作。
Section B (10分)
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Cryptocurrencies, also digital currencies, are under the microscope as never before. On Tuesday the blockchain （区块链）supporting bitcoin （比特币）is ____11____ in two, as members of the bitcoin community unhappy with the digital currency’s direction set up a(n) ____12____ called Bitcoin Cash. However, Bitcoin Cash will likely only be worth a part of bitcoin. The original digital currency is ____13____ at around $2,778,39, but future values for Bitcoin Cash are just $ 288.35, or 0.103 of a bitcoin.
Last week the Russian national Alexander Vinnik, who____14____ cheated early adopters of millions of pounds’ worth of bitcoins, including funds obtained from the hack （非法侵入）of failed bitcoin exchange Mt Gox, was arrested in Greece.
Vinnik was described by the US Department of Justice as the operator of BTC-e, an exchange used to trade bitcoin since 2011, which was used to transfer more than $4bn for people involved in crimes.Greeek police claimed that the 38-year-old was “an internationally ____15____ ‘mastermind’ of a crime organistation”.
US authorities also linked him to the failure of Mt Gox, the Japan-based bitcoin exchange that ___16___ in 2014 after being hacked. Vinnik “obtained” funds from the hack and transferred them through BTC-e and Tradehill, another San Francisco-based exchange he owned, according to court documents.
The Russian authorities have become progressively concerned about potential for digital currencies to be used for illegal means, but remain ____17____ about whether it is a currency or a financial property. Elvira Nabiullina, governor of the Russian central bank, he said it should be ____18____ as a digital property. “We don’t consider that bitcoin can be considered as a(n) ____19____ currency,” she told CNBC.
But the country’s deputy finance minister, Alexey Moiseev, recently said the authorities hoped to recognise bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies as a legal financial instrument next year in a (n) ____20____ to handle Vinnik-style money transferring.
【答案】11. H 12. A
13. I 14. B
15. G 16. E
17. J 18. F
19. K 20. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了加密货币，也称数字货币，正以前所未有的方式受到人们的关注。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：周二，支持比特币的区块链将一分为二。根据后文讲 比特币基金会因为数字货币的走向而不开心，因为他们把the blockchain（区块链）supporting bitcoin （比特币）一分为二，表示“分开”故选H。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们创建了一个名为比特币现金的替代方案。冠词a(n)后面接名词，根据bitcoin Cash可知此处意为“替代方案”，故选A。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最初的数字货币交易价格约为2778,39美元，但比特币现金的未来价值仅为288.35美元，即1比特币的0.103美元。根据空格后面是价格，但是比特币未来价格只是 $ 288.35。 所以空格选择跟钱有关，表示“交易”故选I。
【14题详解】
考查副词。句意：那个欺骗价值数百万英镑比特币的早期使用者的人，在希腊被抓起来了。用副词修饰动词cheated，故选B。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：希腊警方称，这名38岁的男子是“国际通缉的组织犯罪‘主谋’”。an是冠词，internationally是副词，mastermind是名词，此处应填形容词sought，意为“被追查的”，故选G。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：Mt Gox是一家总部位于日本的比特币交易所，在2014年遭到黑客攻击后倒闭。根据after being hacked可知选E。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但仍未决定它是一种货币还是一种金融资产。俄罗斯当局渐渐的开始关心数字货币的前景，但是后文的whether 可以看出还不太确定，remain“保持”，是系动词，后接形容词做表语，故选J。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：俄罗斯央行行长Elvira Nabiullina表示，应该将其作为数字资产加以监管。根据should be可知后接动词过去分词，故选F。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：as a(n) ____currency可知用形容词，再根据第8项，她不认为比特币可以被看做digital property，对应的是形容词 virtual，故选K。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：但该国财政部副部长Alexey Moiseev最近表示，当局希望明年将比特币和其他加密货币作为一种合法金融工具，以处理类似vinnik的资金转移。a (n)后接名词，文中说希望明年可以认可比特币作为一种在转账方面的一个合法金融工具，in an attempt to do sth“尝试做某事，试图做某事”，故选C。
【点睛】第10小题中考查了in an attempt to do sth.用法，in an attempt to do sth意为“竭尽全力做某事；尝试做某事；企图做”。
She wants to make a good impression and in an attempt to do so continually finds herself telling stories with no end.
她想给你留下一个好印象，却发现自己说起话来没完没了。
III. Reading Comprehension (45 分）
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.
Online deception is now so commonplace that criminal gangs are using it as part of a wider range of activities to make money out of the public. “There’s been a rapid normalisation of online as people see how ___21___ it can be. You see the industry adjusting to fight against that,” says Downey, security lead at payment company Braintree.
This was made ___22___ in May this year when there was an unparalleled attack on thousands of computer systems around the world, after a worm, named WannaCry, attacked computers in more than 150 countries, with payments of $300-$600 to restore access. There were an estimated 45,000 attacks across the UK, Russia, Ukraine, India, China, Italy, Egypt and beyond, with major companies ___23___.
One of the reasons these attacks spread so ___24___ is that businesses and consumers don’t update their software on a regular basis. Downey ___25___ it to a situation in which a car is left in a garage and a thief tries all of the doors to see if one has been left unlocked: “People don’t realize they are leaving that proverbial car unlocked because they don’t understand the nature of these ___26___attacks.”
At the heart of the problem is the ___27___of organized crime. “Criminals can also be an expert at business. They don’t want just one trick to bring in all of their income; it may be ___28___, they may have a slow month and then they’ll have a cashflow problem,” says Downey.
Hacks and the threat of information theft have led to a(n)___29___ of e-commerce among some of the population, says Downey. To fight that unease, simple measures need to be adopted by retailers(零售商) in order to maintain the public’s trust.___30___, this can be achieved by ensuring they create a trustworthy environment for consumers, such as by serving websites through SSL, which establishes a secure and connection between the ___31___ and business.
But for both businesses and consumers, one simple thing remains ___32___: those who can keep both their security up to date and their passwords secure will be ahead of the crowd, says Downey. “You will then be far ahead of the curve of the average business or consumer.”
So don’t use variations of one password on lots of ___33___. If criminals hack a database with your log-in permit, they will then be able to ___34___ your passwords on other accounts. Make sure your passwords have lots of characters and include numbers, symbols and capital letters.___35___ obvious dictionary words, and importantly make each of your passwords completely different.
21. A. boring B. profitable C. dangerous D. surprising
22. A. evident B. mysterious C. peculiar D. infectious
23. A. updated B. transformed C. established D. infected
24. A. moderately B. easily C. cautiously D. gradually
25. A. compares B. implies C. devotes D. limits
26. A. personal B. targeted C. random D. surprising
27. A. variety B. timing C. punishment D. detection
28. A. thrown away B. take in C. shut down D. carried out
29. A. exhaustion B. result C. disappearance D. mistrust
30. A. For example B. By comparison C. What’s more D. In summary
31. A. hacker B. customer C. retailer D. website
32. A. unchanged B. varying C. unpredictable D. avoidable
33. A. curves B. characters C. dictionaries D. accounts
34. A. record B. suspend C. crack D. ruin
35. A. Investigate B. Consult C. Avoid D. Guarantee
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。网络诈骗现在如此普遍，以至于犯罪团伙将其作为更广泛的活动的一部分，利用公众来赚钱。文章针对这个现象，提出了这些攻击容易传播的原因和问题的核心，还提出了登录密码的组合要多样化。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着人们看到网络有多么有利可图，网络已迅速正常化。A. boring无聊的；B. profitable有利可图的；C. dangerous危险的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。通过前文的online deception -“网上欺诈，骗术”可以判断答案应该是跟赚钱有关系，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显，今年5月，一种名为WannaCry的蠕虫病毒攻击了150多个国家的电脑，为恢复访问权限支付了300至600美元。A. evident明显的；B. mysterious神秘的；C. peculiar怪异的，奇怪的；D. infectious传染的。根据下文描述了发生在五月的案例，既然是已经知道的事情，故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据估计，在英国、俄罗斯、乌克兰、印度、中国、意大利、埃及等地发生了4.5万起攻击，主要公司受到感染。A. updated更新的；B. transformed转变的；C. established确立的；D. infected受感染的。根据前文提到的这些国家的网络都遭受到WannaCry这种病毒攻击，故选D。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些攻击如此容易传播的原因之一是企业和消费者不定期更新他们的软件。A. moderately适度地；B. easily容易地；C. cautiously慎重地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据细节，后文句意显示一些公司和顾客不会定期去更新他们的密码，因此遭受病毒攻击电脑的情况就会很容易传播开来，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：唐尼把它比喻为这种情况，即有一辆车在一个车库里，一个小偷试了所有的门，看看是不是有的门没锁。A. compares比较；B. implies暗指，意味着；C. devotes贡献；D. limits限制。根据此空的后文Downey提到了偷车的案件，跟本文不符，因此是在打比方，用偷车来比喻电脑被病毒侵入，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们没有意识到他们没锁车，因为他们不明白这些随机攻击的本质。A. personal个人的；B. targeted定向的；C. random随机的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。选项中的targeted和random是可能的选项，但是通过句意可以发现，既然人们“don’t understand”，那说明这偷车的案例不是由于偷车贼把偷的车锁定为目标，而是随机地一种行为，故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题的核心是各种各样的有组织犯罪。A. variety变化，多样性；B. timing时间选择；C. punishment惩罚；D. detection检测。本题的干扰项是timing，这里指犯罪时机。但是通过本段分号前后的意思看出是不同的有组织性犯罪，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：它可能会被关闭，他们可能会有一个月的淡季，然后他们会有现金流问题。A. thrown away扔掉；B. take in欺骗。吸收；C. shut down停工，关闭；D. carried out实施。通过空格后面的may have a slow month，意指不景气的时候，而前面的it may be中的it指代的是进行网上欺诈这件事，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：唐尼说，黑客攻击和信息盗窃的威胁导致了一些人对电子商务的不信任。A. exhaustion疲惫；B. result结果；C. disappearance消失；D. mistrust不信任。根据空格后面提到了e-commerce-电商，在网上买东西会有被盗取密码的风险，因此黑客和盗取信息的贼会导致顾客对电商的不信任，且后文也提到了public trust，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，这可以通过确保他们为消费者创造一个值得信任的环境来实现。A. For example举例；B. By comparison通过对比；C. What’s more此外；D. In summary总之，概括起来。根据句中to fight that unease引出了目的状语，为了对抗这种不安的方法，后面进行了举例说明，故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如通过SSL为网站提供服务，从而在客户和业务之间建立安全和连接。A. hacker黑客；B. customer顾客；C. retailer零售商；D. website网页。根据空格后面是business，且前文在讲顾客对电商的信任问题，故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对企业和消费者来说，有一件简单的事情没有改变。A. unchanged未改变的；B. varying不同的；C. unpredictable不可预测的；D. avoidable避免的。根据通过表转折的词but和空格前的词remain可以看出作者想要表达的观点是这种顾客和商家的不信任关系仍然没有得到改变，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以不要在很多账户上使用同一密码变体。A. curves曲线；B. characters特性；C. dictionaries字典；D. accounts账户。根据前文讲述用电商购物密码被窃取的可能，因此最后一段提出方法就是不要将一个密码用在多个账户上，且14题后面也提到accounts这个线索，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果犯罪分子利用你的登录许可侵入数据库，他们就能破解你在其他账户上的密码。A. record记录；B. suspend延缓；C. crack破裂，打开；D. ruin毁灭。根据这一句讲到罪犯能够非法侵入窃取你的一个数据库，就能够破解你的其他账户的密码，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：避免明显的字典单词，重要的是使你的每个密码完全不同。A. Investigate调查；B. Consult咨询；C. Avoid 避免；D. Guarantee保证。根据最后一段给消费者提供保护账户不被窃取密码的方法，建议用多种字符，如数字、符号、大写字母等，空格后面是“明显的字典里的词”，这是很容易查找出来的，所以如果要避免被盗取密码是不能用这种文字的，故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
I went climbing with a millennial(千禧一代).She is younger, fitter, braver and more energetic. I am good at getting discouraged, having a rest and giving advice from the sidelines. She will cling(附着于)on to a wall like a small monkey trying to escape certain death, while I will get near the top, realize how high that is and lose my nerve. Together we could make an impressive（感人的；令人钦佩的） team, me at the bottom of the wall, going, "That's great, try using your feet one by one. OhWhat did you do that for?" And her going, "Shall we try that again so we've actually done it? Do you think we should have warmed up first?"
Climbing muscles, being the same as regular muscles, are use-it-or-lose-it. I climbed more often before I did the crazy running activity and used to think of the green runs at my local center as being for children, or for a warm-up. Now I find them extremely hard, and the purple is my top-of-the-tree, when in fact they are both for beginners, really. I suspect the millennial of avoiding the blue-with-red-spots just so as to not show me up.
It wasn't her first time climbing, but she wasn't registered at the center, so she had to go through a process that sounds threatening: watching a video and answering questions on it (the answers are always "I am responsible for my own safety in the center" and Holds may spin"). In an older person-me, for instance-any activity that starts with a reflection on your own death is a little low-energy, whereas she seemed quite excited by it.
We both laughed at each other's clothing: she accused me of having, a pink T-shirt which seemed too lovely for me, while she was dressed to be a labourer. The moral is that you can basically wear anything while you climb. It's not like running, where the ill-dressed are chased from the area by a thousand eyes.
36. We learn from Paragraph 1 that the author and the millennial .
A. know each other very well B. try to learn how to escape death
C. form a sharp contrast D. make a team that beats others
37. By “climbing muscles, being the same as regular muscles, are use-it-or-lose-it” the author means______.
A. climbing does good to muscles
B. climbing needs practicing regularly
C. climbing muscles are as useful as other muscles
D. climbing muscles won’t be lost even if not used
38. The question the millennial was required to answer were admitted to .
A. let the climbers realize the climbing might be dangerous
B. give the climbers another approach to think of death
C. warn the climbers against loss of energy in the process
D. remind the climbers of the importance of registration
39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A. Climbers need to wear special clothes.
B. Ill-dressed runners stand out improperly.
C. Climbers need to get a certificate before climbing.
D. The author and millennial like making fun of others.
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. A 39. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者描述了与一个千禧一代的女孩在登山中发生的一些事情。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段the millennial is younger, fitter, braver and more energetic but I am good at getting discouraged.这里的描写形成明显的反差，故选C项。
【37题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段regular muscles 相对于选项最正确的就是攀登需要经常锻炼，regular对应选项中的 practice regularly，故选B项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段the answers are always “I am responsible for my own safety in the center” and Holds may spin. 可知女孩认为要对自己的安全负责，她这样说是为了让攀登者意识到攀登可能是危险的。等同dangerous，故选A项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段We both laughed at each other's clothing: she accused me of having, a pink T-shirt which seemed too lovely for me, while she was dressed to be a labourer.可知作者和她会相互取笑对方，故选D项。
(B)
With its subtle(微妙的)rules on tipping and not-so-subtle rules about carrying ID,Las Vegas is better enjoyed after a little research.This smart booklet will save you the bother.
Tipping
Las Vegas runs on tips.You should hand a dollar bill to the waiting staff who get you a drink,and the doorman who whistles you up a taxi.Taxi drivers and restaurant waiting staff should get 15%-20%(most bills do not include service charge);tour guides $5-$10;and you're oven expected to leave S2-S5 a day at the end of your hotel stay for the housekeeping staff you may never actually meet. On the plus side, the customer service in Las Vegas is second to none:if you tip well for a round of drinks in a club，for instance, a good waiter will later pick you out of the crowd and pour your drinks while you're still sitting in the fourth row.
Getting around
The airport is close to the centre.You can catch a shuttle to the major hotels for$11-$15,or get a quicker taxi for about $25.(Walking on the Strip is fun for people-watching, with elevated pedestrian walkways.A monorail runs from the MGM Grand to SLS with stops at: Bally's and Paris;the Flamingo; Harrah's and The LINQ;Las Vegas Convention Center and Westgate Vegas. A double-decker bus called the Deuce also runs all the way up the Strip to Fremont Street in the Downtown area.
Areas
When you think of Las Vegas,you're thinking of the Strip:a stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard,about four miles long,packed with hotels and casinos(娱乐场所)that extends from the Mandalay Bay hotel in the south to the SLS hotel in the north.There are two skyscraper hotels a little to the east,Palms and the Rio,and some smaller.cheaper ones to the west.The other great area for the visitor is Downtown.four miles north of the central Strip.Don't think you've seen Las Vegas without visiting it.
Health
Especially in summer,make sure you stay well hydrated(含水的).All casinos and hotels are air-conditioned,sometimes heavily:consider carrying a jumper or jacket even during the summer.In the case of a medical emergency,call 911 or ask your hotel doorman for assistance.
Other essentials
Carry ID with proof of age (passport or driving licence) if you are going to a club;it will be checked no matter how old you! appear.
To find out more about holidays in Las Vegas, check out visitinglasvegas.com
40. Which of the following is true of Las Vegas?
A. The Strip is one of its cultural symbols.
B. The age of club-goers is not necessarily to be checked
C. Visitors had better carry jumpers due to the rainy summer
D. Visitors can get an excellent customer service if they tip well.
41. There are means of transport for visitors to choose from if they want to get around .
A. 3 B. 4
C. 5 D. 6
42. This smart booklet is meant to .
A. tell visitors what they must know about the destination
B. help visitors learn about local customs and lifestyle
C. impress visitors with a cost-saving too
D. inspire more visitors to tour the city
【答案】40. D 41. B 42. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。通过这本小册子给游客介绍拉斯维加斯的各种信息。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tipping这一部分中On the plus side, the customer service in Las Vegas is second to none及提到的例子，如果你小费给的多，拉斯维加斯的服务是首屈一指的，故选D项。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据Getting around这一部分中提到，四种交通方式分别是shuttle（穿梭巴士）, taxi, monorail和double-deck bus（双层巴士），因此是4种，此处要注意走路不算transport，故选B项。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。这个小册子介绍了拉斯维加斯的各种信息，为的是给来这里的旅游者提供便利，故选A项。
（C）
Psychopaths, by definition, have problems understanding the emotions of other people, which partly explains why they are so selfish and why they commit violent crimes at up to three times the rate of other people.
But curiously, they seem to have no difficulty in understanding what other people think, want, or believe."Their behavior seems to suggest that they don't consider the thoughts of others," says ArielleBaskin-Sommers from Yale University, but their performance on experiments suggests otherwise. When they hear a story and are asked to say what a character is thinking, they can.
On the face of it, this makes sense: Here are people who can understand what their victims are thinking but just don't care. Hence their actions. But Baskin-Sommers found that there's more to their minds than it seems.
Bakin-Sommers managed to persuade a maximum-security prison in Connecticut to let her work with their prisoners. First, Baskin-Sommers administered a standard test to 106 male prisoners from the Connecticut prison to assess psychopathy. Of them, 22 proved to be psychopaths, 28 were not, and the rest fell in a gray zone.
After assessing the 106 volunteers, she then gave them a computer-based task. They saw a picture of a human avatar (化身) in prison uniforms, standing in a room and facing either right or left. There were either two red dots on the wall in front of the avatar, or one dot in front of it and one dot behind it, The prisoners’ job was to figure out how many dots either they or the avatar could see.
Normally, people can accurately say how many dots the avatar sees, but they're slower if there are dots behind the avatar. Thar's because what they see (two dots) affects their ability to see through the avatar's eyes(one dot), This is called egocentric interference. But they're also slower to say how many dots they can see if that number differs from the avatar's count. People are automatically affected by the avatar's perspective, even when it hurts their own performance. This is called altercentic interference.
Baskin-Sommers found that the psychopathic prisoners showed the usual level of egocentric interference-that is, their own perspective was muscling in on the avatar's, But they showed much less altercentric interference than the other prisoners- the avatar's perspective wasn't messing with their own, as it would for most other people.
Of course, not all psychopaths are the same, and they vary considerably in their behavior. But Baskin-Sommers also found fhat the higher their score on the psychopathy assessment test, the less they were affected by what the avatar saw. And the less affected they were, the more charges they had on their record.
To her, the results show that psychopaths do not automatically take the perspective of other people. That helps to explain why they behave so cruelly and even violently.
43. What does "otherwise" (in paragraph 2) refer to ?
A. Pychopaths' behavior is not worth studying
B. Psychopaths can understand others' thoughts
C. Psychopaths have trouble knowing about others.
D. Psychopaths' perfomance on experiments is unbelievable
44. Baskin-Sommers's research with the prisoners involved.
A. asking them to say the number of the dots they or the avatar could see
B. reading their medical records to see whether they were psychopaths.
C. requiring them to figure out which avatar messed in with them
D. decreasing the effect of the avatar on their performance
45. What can be inferred from the results of Baskin Sommers's work the prisoners?
A. It's more difficult for psychopaths to work out what they themselves are thinking about.
B. Egocentric interference are more related to criminal acts than altercentric imerference.
C. People showing more altercentric interference are less likely to be psychopaths.
D. Psychopaths tend to be affected by the avatar to the same degree.
46. Which of the following might be the best title of this passage?
A. Varieties of Psychopaths
B. How Psychopaths See the World
C. Psychopaths and Their Perspectives
D. Why Psychopaths Need More Understanding
【答案】43. B 44. A 45. C 46. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了耶鲁大学的ArielleBaskin-Sommers通过实验研究及数据统计，在精神病评估测试中，发现了精神变态者不会自动站在他人的角度，有助于解释为什么他们的行为如此残忍，甚至暴力。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句到第四句"Their behavior seems to suggest that they don't consider the thoughts of others," says ArielleBaskin-Sommers from Yale University, but their performance on experiments suggests otherwise通过该实验表明精神病患者表现的恰是与他们行为所表现的不能理解别人的想法的看法相反，故选B项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段第三句"But they're also slower to say how many dots they can see if that number differs from the avatar's count."可知，实验要求囚犯们说出他们自己和化身avatar能看到的点的数目是多少，故选A项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段最后一句描述："But they showed much less altercentric interference than the other prisoners- the avatar's perspective wasn't messing with their own, as it would for most other people."表明受到更多altercentric 干扰影响的人成为精神病患者的可能性较小，故选C项。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段"they seem to have no difficulty in understanding what other people think"和第四五段的实验表明文章主要讨论的内容是研究精神病患者如何看待他人，理解自己所处的世界的问题，故选B项。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need..
One day, an American was driving, too fast, in the west of Ireland when he was pulled over by a police officer. “what would happen if you were to run into Mr Fog?" the officer asked angry in his thick Irish accent. Annoyed by the police officer’s manners, the American replied,”______47______” The officer stared at him strangely and said,” I said fog.”
For one moment, the American, who happens to be anthropology(人类学家), thought he had come across those who liked personifying aspects of the weather.___48___
People in Britain do not usually say “I appreciate it,” have a hard time, reach out to other people, stay focused, ask to be given a break, refer to the bottom line or get blown away. The word ”scary,” as opposed to “frightening “or "alarming " sounds childish to British ears._____49_____ This is a term which, if banned in America, would cause airplanes to fall from the sky.
The phrase "to feel comfortable with" is typically American. Using the word "agreesive" positively also sounds strange across the Atlantic. The habit of using the word "like" every four seconds, widespread among American youth, has now caught on in Brain as well. Perhaps it has to do with an expectation of not sounding dogmatic(教条的).
Americans tend to say "Excuse me" when they accidentally get in your way, while the British say "Sorry.” Americans say "Excuse me" even when they are 10 paces away from you, since they are accustomed to a lot more space than people are in Europe.___50___
Brits and Americans, in short, are stranger to each other than they usually imagine. Every now and then, an American will reveal that he or she does not understand the word "fortnight(两周), has never used a teapot or does not know how to boil an egg.
A. But it was just another case of international miscommunication.
B. Well, I guess I’d put Mr. Foot on Mr. Brake.
C. Sorry, I was driving too fast.
D. Given a choice, Brits prefer to use longer words.
E. Brits tend not to use the word “awesome”.
F. One knows one is back in the U.K, when everyone is constantly saying sorry for no reason.
【答案】47. B 48. A
49. E 50. F
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章通过故事引出了话题，描写了英美国家之间文化交流的差异。
【47题详解】
根据上文警察说的话what would happen if you were to run into Mr. Fog? 以及Annoyed by the police officer’s manners, the American replied可知，这个美国司机非常生气，该空是他说的话，也用拟人的词语，故选B。
【48题详解】
根据For one moment, the American, who happens to be anthropology, thought he had come across those who liked personifying aspects of the weather.本段说的是一些人喜欢将天气拟人化，而且第一段的事例是文化表达误差的表现，A项“但是另外一种国际文化交流误差的案例”，故选A。
【49题详解】
根据后面说This is a term which, if banned in America, would cause airplanes to fall from the sky.描述了这个习语在美国表示的意思，可知该空应该填一个习语表达，故选E。
【50题详解】
根据Americans tend to say "Excuse me" when they accidentally get in your way, while the British say "Sorry.” Americans say "Excuse me" even when they are 10 paces away from you, since they are accustomed to a lot more space than people are in Europe.可知本段主要讲的是英美人对于个人空间的文化差异，该空在句末，所以是总结句，故选F。
IV. Summary Writing
51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Great Speakers: Why Their Words Resonate (产生共鸣)
This year will mark 55 years since Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech, one that put him among the greatest speakers in history.
What gave “I Have a Dream” and other historic speeches ---such as Abraham Lincoln's“Gettysburg Address”and Winston Churchill's “We Shall Fight on the Beaches” ---such power that they are still distinctly remembered today?
Certainly, it demands perfect delivery. If J.F.Kennedy had gotten up there and mumbled (含糊地说) through his address, we probably wouldn't remember that he said, “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” But there are more to a great speech.
A great speech seizes the historical moment. Franklin D. Roosevelt's classic line --- “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself” --- was delivered during his speech in 1933 at the worst point of the Great Depression. It inspired Americans to regain a sense of confidence and hope, Gerard Hauser, professor of communication at the University of Colorado, says, “A great speech resonates with problems that people are feeling and the expectations they have with respect to those problems.”
A great speech has a memorable tag line. The trick is to deliver a phrase the audience can start repeating, which allows the speaker to pause, and the audience to repeat louder. U.S. President Barack Obama is excellent at this. “When the audience is cheering, he pauses, and then continues to speak, and they cheer louder, so it builds to a kind of peak’’ Hauser says.
A great speech reminds listeners of great moments of the past, linking the speaker with history. Ronald Reagan was considered a master at this. His speech in 1980, as he accepted the presidential nomination, brought the audience back to America's first days. “Three hundred and sixty years ago, in 1620, a group of families dared to cross a mighty ocean to build a future for themselves in a new world,” he said, linking past to future with his appeal for “a new compact (契约) with America.’’
【答案】Many excellent speakers such as Martin Luther King, Abraham Lincoln are known for their prominent speech, because their speech can resonate. First, great speeches involve perfect dеlіvеrу and grab the historical moment. Also, a great speech has a memorable tag line. Moreover, a. great speech possesses a memorable tag line. Finally, great speeches remind audience of great moments of the past, linking the speaker with history.
【解析】
【详解】本文属于一篇结构清晰的说明文。从文章的标题不难看出本文的说明对象：伟大的演讲能和受众共鸣的原因because their speech can resonate；第一段二段提出了和细化了问题First, great speeches involve perfect dеlіvеrу and grab the historical moment. Also, a great speech has a memorable tag line. Moreover, a. great speech possesses a memorable tag line.；接下来的每一段阐述了伟大原因great speeches remind audience of great moments of the past, linking the speaker with history；将每段的原因说明清楚并用自己的语言加以提炼，然后用相应的连词组句成篇即可。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 现代生活由于科技而发生了很大的改变。(bring)
53. 自制力一定能帮助你摆脱网瘾。(sure)
54. 孩子的情绪就像洪水，我们要引导他渡过，不应筑坝拦截。(instead)
55. 新年伊始，家长不妨将压岁钱作为理财教育的契机，帮助孩子们更好地认识到合理支配金钱的重要性。(might)
【答案】52. Technology has brought about great change in modern life.
53. Self-discipline is sure to help you get rid of Internet addiction
54. A kid’s emotion is like a flood, so we should lead him though it instead of building a dam to stop it.
55. At the beginning of the New Year, parents might wish to use the lucky money as an opportunity for financial education and help children to better understand the importance of rational use of money.
【解析】
注意各种词类在句中的运用。
【52题详解】
考查动词及时态。根据句意，主语是technology，谓语是bring，注意时态的选择，变化已经发生使用现在完成时更为恰当，故填Technology has brought about great change in modern life.
【53题详解】
考查形容词。根据句意，主语是self-discipline，宾语是you，谓语是is sure to help，考查sure的用法，它的固定搭配为 be sure to do sth.，在这里也可以用sure的副词形式surely，故填Self-discipline is sure to help you get rid of Internet addiction.
【54题详解】
考查副词。根据句意，这句有主句与分句，要注意此句的逻辑关系以及instead的固定搭配instead of，instead of 后面跟的应该是需要被取代的做法，故填A kid’s emotion is like a flood, so we should lead him though it instead of building a dam to stop it.
【55题详解】
考查情态动词。根据句意，时间状语是at the beginning of the New Year，主语是parents，谓语是might wish和help，宾语是the lucky money和children，还要注意并列句的使用，并列句的多个谓语动词的时态以及单复数应保持一致，且当一个句子只有一个主语但有多个谓语时，谓语动词要保持动作发出者也就是主语是同一个，故填At the beginning of the New Year, parents might wish to use the lucky money as an opportunity for financial education and help children to better understand the importance of rational use of money.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是启明中学高三学生王磊，最近收到英国笔友Mike写来的一封邮件，告诉你最近他阅读了儒勒凡尔纳(Jules Verne)的小说《环游地球八十天》,并提出了"Traveling was more enjoyable in the days before the invention of the aeroplane”这一观点。你对此很感兴趣，决定写一封回信，内容包括:
1.你是否赞同这一观点;
2.你的理由(可以用具体事例说明)。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Mike,
I’ve heard that you’ve read a novel of Jules Verne and believed that “Travelling was more enjoyable in the days before the invention of the aeroplane”, but I beg to differ.
No doubt aeroplanes dwarf all the other means of transportation with regards to speed and safety. Contrary to what you've put forward, travelling might not be as satisfying as is depicted in the novel in these days, when travelers tend to wear themselves out after an endless period of walk and be threatened with wildlife and infection.
Meanwhile, I highly adore flying experience. It doesn’t hurt to pamper yourself with a relaxing air journey after months of work. A pleasant journey high above the sky is sure to sweep your fatigue off, as well as provide a feast to the eyes.
What’s more, travelling is all about experiencing different culture and viewing unique scenery. Despite negative impacts of tourism on the environment.
Those are all of my points. I am looking forward to hear from you again.
Yours,
Wang Lei
【解析】
【分析】
这是一封邮件，应用文。
【详解】第一步：审题：这属于半开放性作文，假设你是王磊，要求你给英国笔友Mike回信，内容要点包括：1.你是否赞同这一观点；2.你的理由。根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
with regards to；contrary to；put forward；tend to；as… as ；be threatened with；be sure to do sth.；sweep off；what’s more；look forward to；hear from等。
第三步：连词成句
1. Contrary to what you've put forward, travelling might not be as satisfying as is depicted in the novel in these days.
2. It doesn’t hurt to pamper yourself with a relaxing air journey after months of work.
3. A pleasant journey high above the sky is sure to sweep your fatigue off, as well as provide a feast to the eyes.
4. travelling is all about experiencing different culture and viewing unique scenery.
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
运用but；with regards to；and；Meanwhile；as well as；what’s more等连接词
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高级句式，如：No doubt aeroplanes dwarf all the other means of transportation with regards to speed and safety.使用了(There is )no doubt that句式；Contrary to what you've put forward, travelling might not be as satisfying as is depicted in the novel in these days, when travelers tend to wear themselves out after an endless period of walk and be threatened with wildlife and infection.使用了非限制性定语从句；It doesn’t hurt to pamper yourself with a relaxing air journey after months of work.使用了It做形式主语；A pleasant journey high above the sky is sure to sweep your fatigue off, as well as provide a feast to the eyes.使用了短语be sure to do sth.，还使用了as well as连接句子；Despite negative impacts of tourism on the environment.使用了让步状语从句等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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