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北京市昌平区2020届高三上学期期末考试英语试题
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昌平区2019-2020学年第一学期高三年级期末质量抽测
英语试题
本试卷共10页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
You are never too old to go after your dreams. Many people don’t let age stop them. If they want to do something, they just do it. For example, Gladys Burrill ran her first marathon at 86. She became famous when she ___1___ (finish) the Honolulu Marathon (檀香山马拉松). She was 92 then. Life is about change, so don’t be afraid to take your ___2___ (one) step. It is easy after you do that. So, stop ___3___ (think) about your dreams, and start doing something about them.
【答案】1. finished
2. first 3. thinking
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。人们不能让年龄阻止他们追求自己梦想的脚步。要敢于迈出追逐梦想的步伐。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：当她完成了檀香山马拉松比赛时，她就出名了。由下一句“那时她92岁。”可知，“完成檀香山马拉松比赛”发生在过去。finish应该使用一般过去时。故填finished。
【2题详解】
考查序数词。句意：生活就是不断做出改变，所以不要害怕迈出第一步。结合句意，做出改变就需要迈出第一步。one的序数词是first。故填first。
【3题详解】
考查动名词。句意：因此，停止思考你的梦想，然后开始对它们做一些事情。stop to do sth.：中断当前做的某事，然后去做另一件事；stop doing sth.：停止正在做的某事。结合句意可知，做些事情去实现梦想就要停止思考而不是停下来去思考，因此stop后面使用doing形式。故填thinking。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
How can horses find their way back from a strange environment? For most people, that would be impossible without a map. Horses have a special system in their brains, and it works just ___4___ GPS. It shows signs for trees and other objects in their home areas. It also takes notes of new things in new areas. ___5___ horses keep their attention on those signs, they know which directions ___6___ (go). Who needs a self-driving car when you can have a horse? You’ll always get home safe and sound.
【答案】4. like
5. When 6. to go
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马如何可以从陌生的环境中找到回去的路。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：马脑中有一个特殊的系统，它的工作原理像GPS一样。此处表示“将马脑中的系统比喻成GPS”。故填like。
【5题详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：当马将注意力放在这些标志上时，它们知道该往哪个方向走。分析句子结构可知，逗号前面应为从句。结合上下文语境和语义可知，该从句为时间状语从句，因此使用从属连词when。故填when。
【6题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：当马将注意力放在这些标志上时，它们知道该往哪个方向走。该句子中的“特殊疑问词which+动词不定式”作动词know的宾语。该结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句，即宾语从句：When horses keep their attention on those signs, they know which directions they should go.故填to go。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
William Shakespeare was one of the famous English ___7___ (write). He mostly wrote plays and special poems. Those poems ___8___ (call) sonnets (十四行诗), and they have a unique pattern. Besides, they aren’t easy to write. That didn’t stop scientists, though. One team just trained a computer to write poetry like Shakespeare’s. They entered nearly 3,000 sonnets into their machine. Those included the 154 sonnets that Shakespeare created. After that, they used a special program. It emphasized the rules of poetry and made sure the machine followed ___9___ (they). Through AI, the computer is able to put out sonnets. They are so good that they ___10___ (fool) humans. Ordinary readers couldn’t tell whether a person or a machine wrote them. That doesn't mean they are perfect, though.
【答案】7. writers
8. are called
9. them 10. have fooled/fooled
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国著名的作家威廉·莎士比亚的十四行诗的特点。一个科学家团队尝试使用计算机来创作莎士比亚的诗歌。普通读者无法分辨是人还是机器写的。不过，这并不意味着它们是完美的。
【7题详解】
考查名词。句意：莎士比亚是英国著名作家之一。由下一句可知，他主要写戏剧和特殊的诗歌。因此此处是在讲威廉·莎士比亚的身份，即作家。one of后接可数名词的复数形式。故填writers。
【8题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：这些诗称为十四行诗，它们具有独特的样式。主语those poems承受动词call的动作，该句子表述的是一般事实，应使用一般现在时的被动式。故填are called。
【9题详解】
考查人称代词。句意：它强调诗歌的规则，并确保机器遵循它们。根据上下文语境可知，此处应填入代词指代本句中的rules，此处作宾语，应使用宾格。故填them。
【10题详解】
考查时态。句意：这些十四行诗写得是如此的好，以至于它们欺骗了人类。结合语境，此处表示“计算机创作出来的诗歌作品已经把人给骗过了”，应使用现在完成have fooled。既然是已经发生的动作，也可以使用一般过去时fooled。故填have fooled/fooled。
完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My neighbor Josie, a college professor, ran circles around women twenty years younger than her. For some reason, she took a(n) ___11___ to me and always chose to fit me into her days. She would call me to taste-test recipes, which was a ___12___. Her garden was a testament (证明) to Josie's green thumb. In some instances, I could not even ___13___ what was growing, but we had the freshest salads in the neighborhood all summer long!
Early each morning, Josie forced me to ___14___ her on her “daily constitutional”, as she liked to call it. I believe we were supposed to be walking, but it felt more like mini-sprints (running at full speed). I had my rules. If I couldn’t talk or ___15___, I would stop. I stopped every day at the end of our block. Josie would ___16___ a half hour later and make me breakfast as a ___17___ for making the attempt!
Each night around sunset, Josie and I would touch our base on our porches (门廊) before retiring for the evening. We would ___18___ back and forth, exchanging worldviews.
One evening, Josie was a “no-show.” I started over to her door when I ___19___ the ambulance and saw her husband and children ___20___ outside. Josie had suffered a stroke (中风).
When I next set eyes on her, she was leaning in a wheelchair. She looked smaller and older than I remembered, but her eyes were clear and her smile was ___21___bright. Her speech was ___22___, but her voice still had the lift I loved.
Josie’s world had changed overnight from travel destinations to the few rooms in her house. ___23___ it’s what she does with her surroundings that gives me pause and perspective.
When Josie feels well enough to ___24___, her husband brings her breakfast in bed. She calls it “dining out”. They listen to soft music and light candles. On days when Josie has some ___25___, her husband wheels her into the living room, and they watch old movies together. She calls it “date night.” When Josie is doing really well, her husband takes her for a(n) ___26___ outside in her wheelchair. She calls it “going on vacation”.
Despite the ___27___ that Josie is not expected to make a full recovery, she ___28___ to dine out, go to the movies and take lots of mini-vacations. She is grateful to smell a summer barbecue, to share a laugh with her favorite neighbor, and to be here for ___29___ day.
I am ___30___ for her simple life lesson. Find the positive, and you’ve found your reason to live.
11. A. opinion B. feeling C. chance D. liking
12. A. task B. matter C. pleasure D. burden
13. A. deliver B. identify C. assess D. compare
14. A. assist B. promote C. inspire D. join
15. A. wave B. cheer C. jump D. breathe
16. A. return B. disappear C. stretch D. practise
17. A. push B. reward C. response D. contribution
18. A. skip B. chat C. think D. swing
19 A. heard B. called C. left D. ignored
20. A. dining B. escaping C. running D. wandering
21. A. still B. ever C. once D. already
22. A. deeper B. longer C. clearer D. slower
23. A. For B. Or C. So D. But
24. A. eat B. speak C. relax D. sleep
25. A. space B. strength C. lessons D. worries
26. A. hike B. examination C. walk D. meeting
27. A. fact B. faith C. plan D. attempt
28. A. rejected B. continues C. postponed D. paused
29. A. either B. certain C. another D. neither
30. A. helpful B. pitiful C. thankful D. painful
【答案】11. D 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. C 21. A 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者的邻居Josie让我加入她喜欢的每日跑步活动中。但有一天她中风了。尽管Josie不会完全康复，但她会快乐地生活一天，作者从Josie身上学到了很多东西。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于某种原因，她很喜欢我，总是选择让我进入她的生活中。A. opinion意见；B. feeling感觉；C. chance机会；D. liking喜欢。根据“chose to fit me into her days”可知，Josie喜欢有我的陪伴，才让我加入到她的跑步活动中去。take a liking to：喜欢上。故选D。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她会叫我去做食谱的味觉测试，这是一种荣幸。A. task任务；B. matter物质；C. pleasure荣幸，乐趣；D. burden负担。根据后文的“Her garden was a testament (证明) to Josie’s green thumb.”和“we had the freshest salads in the neighborhood all summer long.”可知，Josie的园艺技能不一般，整个夏天我们都吃到了最新鲜的沙拉。因此Josie叫我去做食谱的味觉测试，这是一种荣幸。故选C。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意： 在某些情况下，我甚至无法确定院子里生长的是什么，但是整个夏天我们都吃到了最新鲜的沙拉！A. deliver递送，传送，交付；B. identify确定；C. assess评估；D. compare比较。Josie的园艺技能不一般，在园子中种了很多东西，以至于作者都不能确认出是什么。故选B。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天清晨，Josie让我加入她称之为“每日宪法”的跑步活动。A. assist帮助；B. promote促进；C. inspire启发；D. join加入。由前文的“fit me into her days”可知，Josie让我加入她的跑步活动中去。故选D。
【15题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我不能说话或喘不上气了，我会停下来。A. wave挥手；B. cheer欢呼；C. jump跳；D. breathe呼吸。跑步时喘不上气了，自然就需要停下来。故选D。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Josie将在半小时后返回， 并为我做早餐，作为我尝试跑步的奖励！A. return返回；B. disappear消失；C. stretch伸展；D. practise练习 。由“make me breakfast”可知，Josie让我和她一起跑步，她会跑回来给我做早餐，以示对我的奖励。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意： Josie将在半小时后返回，并让我吃早餐，作为尝试的奖励！A. push推；B. reward奖励；C. response响应；D. contribution贡献。有前文的“forced me to join her”可知，因为在她的“迫使”下我参与了跑步，所以她为了鼓励我给我做早饭吃作为奖赏。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们来回聊天，交流对事物的观点和看法。A. skip跳跃；B. chat聊天；C. think认为；D. swing摇摆。根据“exchanging worldviews”可知，两个人交流对事物的观点和看法，即她们在闲聊。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回到她的门前，这时我听到救护车的声音并看到她的丈夫和孩子往外面跑。A. heard听到；B. called叫；C. left离开；D. ignored忽略。根据下文的“Josie had suffered a stroke”可知，Josie中风了，救护车赶来抢救，我听到了救护车的声音。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回到她的门前，这时我听到救护车的声音并看到她的丈夫和孩子往外面跑。A. dining用餐；B. escaping逃跑；C. running跑步；D. wandering徘徊。 Josie中风了，情况紧急。丈夫和孩子就忙跑到外面迎接救护车。故选C。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她看起来比我记忆中的要瘦小和年老，但是她的眼睛是透明的，微笑仍很阳光。A. still仍然；B. ever曾经；C. once曾经，一次；D. already已经。空格所在句子和下一句的句式结构是一样的，表达的情感也是一致的。由“but her voice still had the lift I loved”中的still可知，此处也应该使用still。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的讲话语调较慢，但我依旧喜欢她的声音。A. deeper更深的；B. longer更长的；C. clearer更清晰的；D. slower 更慢的。Josie中风了，说话受到了影响。但是她的声音我依旧喜欢。由but一词表示转折可知，Josie的说话速度肯定是慢了。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：但正是她利用周围的一切所做的努力使我保持了冷静进行了思考。A. For对于；B. Or或者；C. So所以；D. But但是。由空格前后的两个句子可知，在一夜之间，Josie的活动范围从她所去的目的地变成了她家中的几个房间。正是她利用周围的一切所做的努力使我保持了冷静进行了思考。它们构成了转折关系。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Josie感到能吃东西的时候，她的丈夫将早餐带到了床上。A. eat吃；B. speak说话；C. relax放松；D. sleep睡觉。由“her husband brings her breakfast in bed”可知，Josie开始能吃东西了。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在Josie有了点力量的日子里，她的丈夫将她带到客厅，他们一起看老电影。A. space空间；B. strength强度，力量；C. lessons课程；D. worries担心。由“her husband wheels her into the living room, and they watch old movies together”可知，Josie恢复了一定的力量，她的丈夫将她带到客厅，他们一起看老电影。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Josie身体状况很好时，她的丈夫带她坐在轮椅上出去散步。A. hike远足；B. examination检查；C. walk步行；D. meeting会议。在Josie恢复不错的情况下，她开始坐轮椅到外面散步了，选择walk合乎语境。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管事实上Josie不会完全康复，但她仍在“下饭店”，“看电影”和进行一些许多的“小型度假”。A. fact事实；B. faith信仰；C. plan计划；D. attempt尝试。根据空后的描述“She is grateful to smell a summer barbecue, to share a laugh with her favorite neighbor,”可知，Josie满足于能闻到夏季烧烤的味道，与她最喜欢的邻居分享笑声。可推知Josie可能不会完全康复，这是一个事实，选择fact合乎语境，其他选项不通顺。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管事实上Josie不会完全康复，但她仍在“下饭店”，“看电影”和进行一些许多的“小型度假”。A. rejected拒绝；B. continues继续；C. postponed推迟；D. paused暂停。由下文的“find the positive”可知，Josie很乐观，尽管事实上Josie不会完全康复，但是她会继续坚强地生活下去。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她很高兴能闻到夏季烧烤的味道，与她最喜欢的邻居分享笑声，并又一次快乐地生活一天。A. either(两者之中的)任何一个；B. certain某些；C. another另一个；D. neither都不。Josie很乐观，闻到夏季烧烤的味道，与她最喜欢的邻居分享笑声，她很高兴，因此她会又一次快乐地生活一天，每天都会乐观地度过。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感谢她给我上的简单的生活一课。A. helpful有益的；B. pitiful可怜的；C. thankful感激的；D. painful痛苦的。由最后一句可知，积极面对生活，然后您就找到了活下去的理由。因此从Josie身上可知，作者对于Josie上的生活课持感激的态度，她学到了很多。故选C。
【点睛】在做完形填空试题时，要通览全文，瞻前顾后，仔细推敲。一定要把上下文联系在一起，才能确定选项。一些选项必须通过上下文的理解才能确定选项。例如：小题8考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们来回聊天，交流对事物的观点和看法。A. skip跳跃；B. chat聊天；C. think认为；D. swing摇摆。根据“exchanging worldviews”可知，两个人交流对事物的观点和看法，即她们在闲聊。故选B；小题14考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Josie感到能吃东西的时候，她的丈夫将早餐带到了床上。A. eat吃；B. speak说话；C. relax放松；D. sleep睡觉。由“her husband brings her breakfast in bed”可知，Josie开始能吃东西了。故选A。这些提示信息很明显。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Changing Bit by Bit
A new contest challenges people to use micro:bit computers to solve problems.
Could you use your computing skills to aid the fight against illegal animal hunting? How about tackling ocean pollution or monitoring animals under threat of extinction?
A new global challenge called Do Your Bit aims to get young people using their computing creativity to solve real-world problems. It’s being run by a partnership involving the BBC’s micro:bit computer, the technology company ARM and a campaign called World’s Largest Lesson, and it's aimed at people aged 10 to 16. It kicks off on 16 September.
The contest in 2019 is based on two Global Goals: to protect life on land and under the water. To take part, young people first choose a problem that affects them and their community, then design something involving the micro:bit computer that could help to tackle that problem.
Participants need to write up to 500 words about the problem and their solution, as well as providing a photo of their drawn plans or a hex file of their prototype code (编码), plus any other photos and videos showing what they’ve done.
This is the second micro:bit Global Challenge to be held. In 2018, the contest's winning designs included a homemade thief alarm, a classroom health monitor, a food-waste watcher and a device to remind people to sit up straight.
The deadline for entering the challenge is 28 February 2020: the winners will be announced the following month.
31. The main purpose of BBC’s involvement is to _______.
A. report for this contest
B. call for ocean protection
C. introduce the Global Goals
D. promote micro:bit computers
32. The Do Your Bit in 2019 is based on the theme of________.
A. getting rid of hunger
B. providing clean water
C. taking care of children
D. protecting life on the earth
33. To take part in the contest, contestants need ______.
A. buy micro:bit computers
B. sign up for it before 16 September 2020
C. choose a real problem and offer solutions
D. prepare photos and videos of group members
【答案】31. D 32. D 33. C
【解析】
本文是一篇广告布告。一项名为Do Your Bit的全球性新挑战旨在让年轻人利用他们的计算机创造力来解决现实世界中的问题。例如你能否利用自己的计算技能来协助打击非法狩猎动物？如何应对海洋污染或监测濒临灭绝的动物？
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A new contest challenges people to use micro:bit computers to solve problems.”和第三段中的“It’s being run by a partnership involving the BBC’s micro:bit computer, the technology company ARM”可知，一项新竞赛要求人们使用计算机来解决问题。该活动由BBC的micro:bit计算机技术公司ARM合作运营，因此BBC参与的主要目的是推广micro:bit计算机。故选D。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The contest in 2019 is based on two Global Goals: to protect life on land and under the water.”可知，2019年的比赛基于两个全球性的目标：保护陆地和水下生物。即2019年的Do Your Bit活动以保护地球上的生命为主题。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Participants need to write up to 500 words about the problem and their solution”可知，参与者需要就问题及其解决方案写上多达500字。即参加比赛的选手需要选择一个真正的问题并提供解决方案。故选C。
B
Therapy (治疗) Appointment
“You want out again, Marmalade? You were just out. What, not the back door, you want out the front?” I was very surprised that our beautiful cat wanted out again.
Several days later, I realized that almost every day she had been asking to be let out at 1: 00 p.m. and always wanted the front door instead of the back door she normally used to go to the yard. I hadn’t been paying much attention, but I realized this had been going on for a while, and I had no idea why. Therefore, the next time it happened, I watched out the front room window to see what Marmalade was doing every day.
Marm went down the front stairs and out to the city sidewalk then just sat there. About three minutes later, she flopped (跳) down and rolled over so her belly (肚子) was showing.
This is unusual. She never does that unless she wants to be petted — but there is no one there. Wait-on the sidewalk just crossing a block down from our house was a group of about fifteen young adults from the nearby group home for young adults with Down syndrome (唐氏综合症). They were out for a walk.
As they approached, I could hear, “There’s the kitty, there’s the kitty,” coming from their mouths. When they were close enough to touch Marm, she lay quietly while each person took a turn petting her. This took quite a while, and obviously these teens were very comfortable petting her. When everyone had given Marm a petting, she turned over, stood up and gave herself a shake, then walked back up the sidewalk to the front door to be let in.
It had been a breathtaking experience to see. The next day, at the same time, I watched it happen again.
After a few more days of this, I wondered how long this had been lasting, so I went out and asked the adults. What I was told was both interesting and humbling. Our wonderful cat had been doing this every weekday for months, and these young adults thought it was the highlight of the walk to be able to have a chance to pet her.
How had she come to understand that these young people would enjoy petting her and could trust them? How could she comfort people when they felt sad, and how would she lick away the tears until she had made them feel better?
34. Marm’s owner was puzzled because Marm always _____.
A. desired to the front yard
B went out from the front door
C. rolled over to show her belly
D. wanted out from the window
35. Marm flopped down and rolled over on the sidewalk to ________.
A. play with other cats
B. make the teens pet her
C. wait for passers-by to feed her
D. have a rest and enjoy the sunshine
36. What does the writer think of Marm?
A. Loving and caring.
B. Funny and helpful.
C. Mysterious and weird.
D. Vulnerable and puzzling.
37. What can we learn from Marm’s story?
A. No one can be neglected.
B. Cats can understand each other.
C. People need to give pets more petting.
D. Animals can believe and support human.
【答案】34. B 35. B 36. A 37. D
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。Marm是作者家的一只猫，她最近每天定时与来自附近的一些患有唐氏综合症的年轻人见面，让他们抚摸自己，使这些年轻人感到很快乐，作者感受到动物可以相信和支持人类的情感。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What, not the back door, you want out the front? I was very surprised that our beautiful cat wanted out again.”和第二段中的“…always wanted the front door instead of the back door she normally used to go to the yard”可知，作者对于Marmalade要从前门出去感到非常惊讶。几乎每天Marmalad都要求在下午1点被放出去并且以前她通常通过后门去院子。而这几天她走的是前门。因此作者感到困惑是因为Marm总是从前门出去。故选B。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“When they were close enough to touch Marm, she lay quietly while each person took a turn petting her.”可知，当他们足够接近Marm时，她安静地躺着，每个人轮流抚摸着她。即 Marm跳到人行道上翻身是为了让那些青少年抚摸她。故选B。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Wait-on the sidewalk just crossing a block down from our house was a group of about fifteen young adults from the nearby group home for young adults with Down syndrome (唐氏综合症). They were out for a walk.”可知，Marm在离我们家距离只有一个街区的人行道上等待着大约15名年轻人来抚摸她。这些年轻人患有唐氏综合症。根据第五段中的“This took quite a while, and obviously these teens were very comfortable petting her.”可知，这些年轻人抚摸着她很长时间，显然这些青少年很喜欢抚摸她，他们感到很快乐。因此作者认为Marm充满着爱心与关怀。故选A。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“How had she come to understand that these young people would enjoy petting her and could trust them? How could she comfort people when they felt sad, and how would she lick away the tears until she had made them feel better?”可知，她是怎么知道这些年轻人喜欢抚摸她并可以信任他们的呢？当人们感到悲伤时，她如何安慰他们？她如何舔掉眼泪直到使他们感觉更好？通过作者的这些问题，我们可以从Marm的故事中了解到动物可以相信和支持人类的情感。故选D。
C
Traditionally, the more people in a city, the fewer trees there are. To create space for houses, offices and other buildings, nature takes second place. But, if the architect Stefano Boeri has anything to do with it, this will soon be changing.
Boeri has designed a forest city, to be created in the north of Liuzhou in Guangxi region in southern China. This mountainous area was chosen to be “a city where living nature is totally intertwined with architecture.” According to Boeri, instead of completely getting rid of the trees to build houses, the city’s design considers the surrounding greenery. Homes and commercial buildings will be covered with trees, with gardens on the balconies (阳台) of every floor, and rooftops that are home to miniature forests.
“I have been working on the idea of urban forestation for years,” says Boeri. “In those areas of the planet where it is still necessary to build new cities, we are planning real forest cities for a maximum of 150,000 citizens.”
The Liuzhou Forest City will be connected to central Liuzhou via a railway line and a road. It will be home to 30,000 people, and include commercial and recreational spaces, two schools and a hospital. On top of this, the vegetation will absorb carbon dioxide and pollutants, as well as releasing oxygen into the atmosphere.
Development is well underway for the forest city. “Our masterpiece for a forest city in Liuzhou has been approved by the local government,” says Boeri. Now, the government is starting the process of selling land to interested developers. “The current phase is still ongoing for land selling,” says Boeri. Building is expected to begin in 2020. At the same time, the firm has copied the concept in Lishui, a city in the southeast of China. The masterpiece has also been given the thumbs-up by local governments here, and the developer is collecting funds to launch the project.
If the Chinese cities prove successful, Boeri hopes that the idea will take hold across the world. “We are developing the same concept in other places with different climate conditions, such as Mexico and north Africa,” he says.
And there is science behind the idea of planting trees to halt climate change. A study earlier this year by scientists at ETH Zurich found that planting at least a trillion trees around the world could lock up 205 billion tonnes of carbon, once the trees are mature, helping to offset the effects of releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
38. According to the passage Boeri holds the belief that ______.
A. a city can be built in harmony with nature
B. climate change results from the city development
C. the building of a city may cost the damage of nature
D. we should stop building new cities to protect nature
39. What can we infer from the cities designed by Boeri?
A. Houses would be built in a huge forest.
B. Citizens will live in inconvenient areas.
C. Cities can be transformed to forest cities.
D. The idea will be tried out soon worldwide.
40. What is the attitude of the Lishui government on Boeri’s concept?
A. Supportive. B. Neutral.
C. Unclear. D. Critical.
41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
A. Where the Problem of Pollution Is Rooted
B. How Forest Cities Are Affecting the World
C. Can Forest Cities Help to Clean Up Pollution
D. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Pollution
【答案】38. A 39. C 40. A 41. C
【解析】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了通过建筑师Stefano的设计理念，传统意义上的城市建设可以与自然保持和谐，使其成为森林城市，其中的树木可以有助于抵消温室气体的影响。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Traditionally, the more people in a city, the fewer trees there are. To create space for houses, offices and other buildings, nature takes second place. But, if the architect Stefano Boeri has anything to do with it, this will soon be changing.”可知，传统上城市中的人口越多，树木越少。为了给房屋，办公室和其他建筑物创造空间，大自然占据了第二位。但是建筑师Stefano Boeri可以做一些事情，将很快改变这一点。即 Boeri坚信城市可以与自然和谐地建立起来。故选A。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“According to Boeri, instead of completely getting rid of the trees to build houses, the city’s design considers the surrounding greenery. Homes and commercial buildings will be covered with trees, with gardens on the balconies (阳台) of every floor, and rooftops that are home to miniature forests.”可知，根据Boeri的说法，城市的设计并未完全摆脱使用树木的想法，而是考虑到周围的绿地。住宅和商业建筑将被树木覆盖，每层阳台上都将有花园，屋顶上则是微型森林。因此我们可以推断出在Boeri的设计理念下，城市可以转变为森林城市。故选C。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“At the same time, the firm has copied the concept in Lishui, a city in the southeast of China. The masterpiece has also been given the thumbs-up by local governments here, and the developer is collecting funds to launch the project.”可知，这个理念在丽水得到了认可，这个杰作得到了地方政府的赞许，开发商正在筹集资金以启动该项目。因此丽水政府对Boeri的森林城市概念持支持态度。故选A。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。由上一小题的分析可知，森林城市的想法还未正式实施，正在准备阶段。由最后一段中的“A study earlier this year by scientists at ETH Zurich found that planting at least a trillion trees around the world could lock up 205 billion tonnes of carbon, once the trees are mature, helping to offset the effects of releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.”可知，今年早些时候，苏黎世联邦理工学院的科学家进行的一项研究发现，一旦树木长大，在世界范围内种植的至少一万亿棵树可以吸收2050亿吨碳，这有助于抵消向大气释放温室气体的影响。综上可知，文章主要讲述的是森林城市的想法完成了设计准备过程，等待正式实施，这可能会为城市带来一定的环境方面的好处，例如解决一定的空气污染问题。因此C项（森林城市能否帮助清理污染）符合文章内容，可以作为最佳标题。故选C。
D
The first science project I ever did was in fifth grade with my partner, Delaney. We looked online together for ideas and came up with an experiment to slide glass balls down a slope covered with different-textured materials. Our project was torn to pieces by our teacher. Our procedure wasn’t thorough. She told us we should consider waiting another year to enter the science fair. I felt so discouraged.
That night, I folded up our poster and started thinking about all of the things I could do differently the next year. I wanted to find a topic I cared about, one that interested me. As a beginner of the piano, I was curious about how the piano I practiced on for five hours every week could make the sounds that it did. I learned about something called “sympathetic resonance,” a phenomenon that allows string to vibrate (振动) together when played. I built my next project around this and ended up getting first place at the science fair the following year.
Today, I am 22 years old, a climate scientist. In the decade since I did my very first science project, I have wondered a lot about what it takes to be a good scientist. To me, what makes a truly good scientist is what makes a good person.
A good scientist has patience — patience for others, patience for herself or himself, and patience when things go wrong. A few years ago, I had the opportunity to work on a NASA asteroid-sample retrieval mission called OSIRIS-Rex. The spacecraft launched in September 2016, headed to the asteroid Bennu. Late last year, finally, it reached its destination. In four years, OSIRIS-Rex will bring a piece of the asteroid back to earth so that scientists can learn more about it. Scientific discoveries do not take place overnight, and many are small and gradual. Missions like the one I worked on often take years to complete. Success almost never comes quickly or easily.
A good scientist is open-minded. It can be easy to ignore people you disagree with or to assume the worst about them. But we should be open to ideas that are not what we expected when we set out. We should take the time to consider other people’s opinions, even when they conflict with our own. There is so much we don’t know, but we do know some things. We live in a world where knowledge and uncertainty can and do coexist. As scientists, we should have both confidence in ourselves and humility as we move through our lives.
Of course, good scientists are driven by curiosity. But curiosity does not have to be limited to science. When we are curious about other people, we can become more considerate. When we are curious about other perspectives, we can become more understanding. After all, it costs nothing to be kind to someone — at school, at the grocery store, with your friends, with your family. A kind gesture can make someone’s day, even save someone’s life. You never know what people are going through unless you take the time to find out. Curiosity is not and never will be something to be ashamed of. Curiosity is our superpower. But it’s also what makes us human. All we have to do is ask.
42. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The daily life of a scientist.
B. The procedures of choosing a project.
C. The personal experience of a scientist.
D. The achievements a scientist ever made.
43. What does the underlined word “humility” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Being modest. B. Being cautious.
C. Being sceptical. D. Being ambitious.
44. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Curiosity kills the cat.
B. Practice makes perfect.
C. When one door shuts another opens.
D. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
45. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To evaluate the effect of a science project.
B. To analyze the personalities of a scientist.
C. To explain the consequence of an experiment.
D. To compare some approaches to be a scientist.
【答案】42. C 43. A 44. D 45. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了成为优秀科学家所应该具有的个性。
【42题详解】
主旨大意题。根据前两段中的“The first science project I ever did was in fifth grade with my partner, Delaney…”和“That night, I folded up our poster and started thinking about all of the things I could do differently the next year…”可知，这两段主要讲述的是作者曾经与搭档Delane做过的第一个科学项目，最终没有通过老师的审核。他们需要再等一年才能参加科学博览会。为此作者开始考虑明年可以做不同的事情并建立了下一个项目，于次年在科学博览会上获得第一名。因此前两段主要讲的是科学家成长过程中的个人经历。故选C。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“But we should be open to ideas that are not what we expected when we set out. We should take the time to consider other people’s opinions, even when they conflict with our own. There is so much we don’t know, but we do know some things. We live in a world where knowledge and uncertainty can and do coexist.”可知，我们应该对那些我们开始时没有预料到的想法持开放态度。即使别人的意见与我们自己的意见不同，我们也应该花些时间考虑他们的意见。有很多我们不知道的东西，但是我们确实知道一些事情。我们生活在一个知识与不确定性共存的世界中。鉴于以上原因，下一句是得出的结论：As scientists, we should have both confidence in ourselves and humility as we move through our lives.应理解为：作为科学家，我们在生活中应该对自己充满信心，因为我们对世界有一定的了解，但因为我们也有自己的局限性，不能掌控一切。因此在保持自信心的同时，我们也要虚心地听取别人的看法。因此划线词humility意为“谦虚”。故选A。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Scientific discoveries do not take place overnight, and many are small and gradual. Missions like the one I worked on often take years to complete. Success almost never comes quickly or easily.”可知，科学发现不是一朝一夕就发生的，而且许多发现是微小和渐进的。像我致力所做的任务通常需要数年才能完成。成功几乎不会很快或轻松地到来。即坚持一个想法，在不断的努力下才能取得成功。A. Curiosity kills the cat.好奇害死猫；B. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧；C. When one door shuts, another opens.天无绝人之路；D. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.心之所愿，无事不成。因此D项符合文章内容。故选D。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“A good scientist has patience.”可知，一位优秀的科学家具有耐心。根据第五段中的“A good scientist is open-minded.”可知，一个好的科学家思想开阔。根据最后一段中的“Of course, good scientists are driven by curiosity.”可知，好的科学家是由好奇心驱使的。因此文章主要讲述的是成为优秀科学家所应该具有的个性。故选B。
【点睛】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。
例如，小题3是推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Scientific discoveries do not take place overnight, and many are small and gradual. Missions like the one I worked on often take years to complete. Success almost never comes quickly or easily.”可知，科学发现不是一朝一夕就发生的，而且许多发现是微小和渐进的。像我致力所做的任务通常需要数年才能完成。成功几乎不会很快或轻松地到来。即坚持一个想法，在不断的努力下才能取得成功。A. Curiosity kills the cat.好奇害死猫；B. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧；C. When one door shuts, another opens.天无绝人之路；D. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.心之所愿，无事不成。因此D项符合文章内容。故选D；小题4是推理判断题。根据第四段中的“A good scientist has patience.”可知，一位优秀的科学家具有耐心。根据第五段中的“A good scientist is open-minded.”可知，一个好的科学家思想开阔。根据最后一段中的“Of course, good scientists are driven by curiosity.”可知，好的科学家是由好奇心驱使的。因此文章主要讲述的是成为优秀科学家所应该具有的个性。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why are some people successful and others aren’t? What’s the secret of success? ___46___
Many of Gladwell’s ideas appear in his social psychology bestseller Outliers.___47___ Gladwell thinks that this is just an excuse for not trying… and if you really want to be good at something, you have to work at it. “Practice isn’t the thing you do once you’re good,” Gladwell writes. “It’s the thing you do that makes you good.”
Central to the book is the “10,000-hour rule”. It means that if you want to be among the best in the world, you need to practise something for 10,000 hours. ___48___ For example, the Beatles played live in Hamburg more than 1,200 times between 1960 and 1964, which is more than 10,000 hours of playing time. And when Microsoft chairman Bill Gates was 13, he was given access to a high school computer (one of the few available in the country), allowing him to practise computer programming for more than (Yes, you guessed it!) 10, 000 hours.
___49___ Take the example of Christopher Langan, who’s mentioned in the book. He’s got an IQ of between 195 and 210 (Albert Einstein’s IQ was estimated to have been between 160 and 180). As a boy at school, Langan was able to take an exam in a foreign language he’d never studied and pass it after just skim-reading a text book for three minutes. However, Langan never graduated from university and worked in labour-intensive jobs his whole life. This proves that intelligence alone will not lead to success—you need hard work, support, finance and opportunities. Gladwell adds, “No one — not rock stars, not professional athletes, not software billionaires, and not even geniuses — ever makes it alone.”
___50___ Even after you’ve put in your 10,000 hours of practice, you still need one other key ingredient — luck. So, you could be the most amazing guitarist in the world, but unless you’re lucky enough to play in front of a record company executive who sees a way of exploiting that talent, you aren’t going to be seeing your name in lights.
A. It isn’t just a question of time and support.
B. Author Malcolm Gladwell thinks he knows.
C. That’s equal to three hours a day for 10 years.
D. Of course, many people argue that you can create your own “luck”.
E. The popular view is that some of us are born talented and others aren’t.
F. The interesting thing is that success has nothing to do with intelligence.
G. Someone who’s willing to practise something for 10,000 hours is probably active.
【答案】46. B 47. E 48. C 49. F 50. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了成功的要素：努力、智力、勤奋、（他人的）支持、财力和机会。
【46题详解】
考查段尾句。根据空前“Why are some people successful and others aren’t? What’s the secret of success?（为什么有些人成功而其他人却不成功？成功的秘诀是什么？)”可知，B项（作者Malcolm Gladwell认为他知道答案）能够承接上文。该选项通过提到“作者Malcolm Gladwell认为他知道答案”在下文引出对这两个问题的回答。故选B项。
【47题详解】
考查段中句。根据空前“Many of Gladwell’s ideas appear in his social psychology bestseller Outliers.(Gladwell的许多想法都出现在他的社会心理学畅销书《离群值》中)”和空后“Gladwell thinks that this is just an excuse for not trying… and if you really want to be good at something, you have to work at it.(Gladwell认为，这只是不做尝试的借口，如果你真的想擅长做某事，就必须努力)”可知，E项(流行的观点是，我们中有些人天生是有才华的，而另一些人则不是）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项在为前一句中的“Many of Gladwell’s ideas”举例子。故选E项。
【48题详解】
考查段中句。根据空前“Central to the book is the “10,000-hour rule”. It means that if you want to be among the best in the world, you need to practise something for 10,000 hours.(这本书的核心是“10,000小时规则”。这意味着，如果你想成为世界上最优秀的人之一，则你需要练习某件事达到10,000小时)”和空后“For example, the Beatles played live in Hamburg more than 1,200 times between 1960 and 1964, which is more than 10,000 hours of playing time.(例如，甲壳虫乐队在1960年至1964年之间在汉堡进行了超过1200次的现场演奏，这达到了10,000多个小时的演奏时间)”可知，C项（那就是每天练习三小时并持续了三年的时间）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项与前一句进行了一个数字上的转换计算，空格后的句子是在对选项进行举例说明。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查段首句。根据空后“Take the example of Christopher Langan, who’s mentioned in the book.(以书中提到的Christopher Langan为例)”可知，F项（有趣的是，成功与智力无关）能够与下文连接通顺。空格后的句子是在举例子说明该选项。故选F项。
【50题详解】
考查段首句。根据空后“Even after you’ve put in your 10,000 hours of practice, you still need one other key ingredient — luck.(即使您投入了10,000个小时的练习，你仍然需要其他关键要素——运气)”可知，A项（这不仅仅是时间和获取支持的问题）能够与下文连接通顺。空格后的句子是对该选项的进一步说明，表示成功在努力之外也需要运气。故选A项。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节（15分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim在邮件中说打算寒假来中国旅游。请你给他回复邮件邀请他来北京过春节，内容包括：
1.春节的意义；
2.春节期间的典型活动；
3.在京期间的建议。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m glad to know that you will come to China during the winter vacation. How about coming to Beijing to celebrate the Spring Festival with my family?
Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family. It is a great time for family reunion. We will stay together, talk about ups and downs in the whole year and welcome the new year. There are many traditional activities, such as doing a thorough cleaning to have a new look for the new year, pasting handwritten couplets and character Fu on front door to bring good luck and preparing a variety of foods, especially Jiaozi on the Eve.
During your stay, the subway is convenient for you to go around. And I suggest visiting the Forbidden City and the Temple of Heaven, which will be surely filled with the festival atmosphere.
I will be glad to be your guide. Wish you a nice trip.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是一封邀请信。假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim在邮件中说打算寒假来中国旅游，请你给他回复邮件邀请他来北京过春节。
【详解】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，不能遗漏要点：1.春节的意义；2.春节期间的典型活动；3.在京期间的建议。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
根据写作要点我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇和短语及句子有：during the winter vacation， celebrate the Spring Festival，family reunion，stay together，talk about ups and downs，traditional activities， bring good luck，prepare a variety of foods，The subway is convenient for you to go around，visit the Forbidden City and the Temple of Heaven，be surely filled with the festival atmosphere. I will be glad to be your guide. Wish you a nice trip.可以使用的衔接词：1.表文章结构顺序：First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second… And then，Finally，In the end，At last，Above all等；2.表并列补充关系：What is more，Besides，Moreover，Furthermore，In addition，as well as，not only…but (also)等。通过词汇铺垫，我们就很容易地行文了，文章写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误。
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句：I’m glad to know that you will come to China during the winter vacation. 这句话运用了that引导的宾语从句；And I suggest visiting the Forbidden City and the Temple of Heaven, which will be surely filled with the festival atmosphere.这句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。使用了一些固定词组，如： ups and downs，a variety of，be filled with。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
第二节（20分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次“讲述英雄故事”的主题班会。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
注意： 词数不少于60。
提示词： 退役军人veteran
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Last week, we held a class meeting themed “Telling stories of heroes”, which is memorable.
Before the class meeting, our teacher informed us the theme and divided us into groups as we wished. All of us got involved in it. After making a clear division, two of our group interviewed a veteran; others searched for relevant materials on-line. Then we got together to prepare for our presentation.
On the presenting day, I vividly told the stories of some heroes like the interviewed veteran. When I finished my speech, all audience including my teacher were touched by what heroes had done and applauded for them. Throughout the whole class meeting, we were immersed in the deeds of heroes in different fields and periods. Some of us were even in tears. In the end, our teacher made a brief but sound summary and called on us to carry on their spirit in every aspect of our lives.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是一篇图画作文，假定你是李华，你们班上周组织了一次“讲述英雄故事”主题班会。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
【详解】这是一篇图画作文，我们需要用正确的英语将图画所反映的内容表达出来。动笔前，要认真分析图画，将四幅图的内容有机地连接起来。写作时注意准确运用时态，主要使用一般过去时。上下文要意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
分析图画可知，第一幅图：老师要求以“英雄故事”为主题开展一次班会；第二幅图：学生分为几组。我们小组中的两个人采访了一位老兵。其他人在线搜索相关材料，然后聚在一起准备我们的演讲。第三幅图：我生动地讲述了一些英雄的故事，例如被采访的退伍军人的事迹。当我结束演讲时，听众都为英雄所做的事而感动并为他们鼓掌。第四幅图：最后，我们的老师做了总结，并呼吁我们在生活的各个方面继续传递他们的英雄精神。根据写作要点我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇和短语有：hold a class meeting，inform us the theme，divide us into groups，got involved in，interview a veteran，search for relevant materials on-line，prepare for our presentation，tell the stories of some heroes，finish my speech，applaud for，make a brief summary，call on us to carry on their spirit。可以使用的衔接词：1.表文章结构顺序：First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second… And then，Finally，In the end，At last，Above all等；2.表并列补充关系：What is more，Besides，Moreover，Furthermore，In addition，as well as，not only…but (also)等。通过词汇铺垫，我们就很容易地行文了，文章写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误。
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句：Last week, we held a class meeting themed “Telling stories of heroes”, which is memorable.这句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。使用了一些固定词组，如：got involved in，search for，prepare for，make a brief summary。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
英语试题
本试卷共10页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
You are never too old to go after your dreams. Many people don’t let age stop them. If they want to do something, they just do it. For example, Gladys Burrill ran her first marathon at 86. She became famous when she ___1___ (finish) the Honolulu Marathon (檀香山马拉松). She was 92 then. Life is about change, so don’t be afraid to take your ___2___ (one) step. It is easy after you do that. So, stop ___3___ (think) about your dreams, and start doing something about them.
【答案】1. finished
2. first 3. thinking
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。人们不能让年龄阻止他们追求自己梦想的脚步。要敢于迈出追逐梦想的步伐。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：当她完成了檀香山马拉松比赛时，她就出名了。由下一句“那时她92岁。”可知，“完成檀香山马拉松比赛”发生在过去。finish应该使用一般过去时。故填finished。
【2题详解】
考查序数词。句意：生活就是不断做出改变，所以不要害怕迈出第一步。结合句意，做出改变就需要迈出第一步。one的序数词是first。故填first。
【3题详解】
考查动名词。句意：因此，停止思考你的梦想，然后开始对它们做一些事情。stop to do sth.：中断当前做的某事，然后去做另一件事；stop doing sth.：停止正在做的某事。结合句意可知，做些事情去实现梦想就要停止思考而不是停下来去思考，因此stop后面使用doing形式。故填thinking。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
How can horses find their way back from a strange environment? For most people, that would be impossible without a map. Horses have a special system in their brains, and it works just ___4___ GPS. It shows signs for trees and other objects in their home areas. It also takes notes of new things in new areas. ___5___ horses keep their attention on those signs, they know which directions ___6___ (go). Who needs a self-driving car when you can have a horse? You’ll always get home safe and sound.
【答案】4. like
5. When 6. to go
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马如何可以从陌生的环境中找到回去的路。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：马脑中有一个特殊的系统，它的工作原理像GPS一样。此处表示“将马脑中的系统比喻成GPS”。故填like。
【5题详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：当马将注意力放在这些标志上时，它们知道该往哪个方向走。分析句子结构可知，逗号前面应为从句。结合上下文语境和语义可知，该从句为时间状语从句，因此使用从属连词when。故填when。
【6题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：当马将注意力放在这些标志上时，它们知道该往哪个方向走。该句子中的“特殊疑问词which+动词不定式”作动词know的宾语。该结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句，即宾语从句：When horses keep their attention on those signs, they know which directions they should go.故填to go。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
William Shakespeare was one of the famous English ___7___ (write). He mostly wrote plays and special poems. Those poems ___8___ (call) sonnets (十四行诗), and they have a unique pattern. Besides, they aren’t easy to write. That didn’t stop scientists, though. One team just trained a computer to write poetry like Shakespeare’s. They entered nearly 3,000 sonnets into their machine. Those included the 154 sonnets that Shakespeare created. After that, they used a special program. It emphasized the rules of poetry and made sure the machine followed ___9___ (they). Through AI, the computer is able to put out sonnets. They are so good that they ___10___ (fool) humans. Ordinary readers couldn’t tell whether a person or a machine wrote them. That doesn't mean they are perfect, though.
【答案】7. writers
8. are called
9. them 10. have fooled/fooled
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国著名的作家威廉·莎士比亚的十四行诗的特点。一个科学家团队尝试使用计算机来创作莎士比亚的诗歌。普通读者无法分辨是人还是机器写的。不过，这并不意味着它们是完美的。
【7题详解】
考查名词。句意：莎士比亚是英国著名作家之一。由下一句可知，他主要写戏剧和特殊的诗歌。因此此处是在讲威廉·莎士比亚的身份，即作家。one of后接可数名词的复数形式。故填writers。
【8题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：这些诗称为十四行诗，它们具有独特的样式。主语those poems承受动词call的动作，该句子表述的是一般事实，应使用一般现在时的被动式。故填are called。
【9题详解】
考查人称代词。句意：它强调诗歌的规则，并确保机器遵循它们。根据上下文语境可知，此处应填入代词指代本句中的rules，此处作宾语，应使用宾格。故填them。
【10题详解】
考查时态。句意：这些十四行诗写得是如此的好，以至于它们欺骗了人类。结合语境，此处表示“计算机创作出来的诗歌作品已经把人给骗过了”，应使用现在完成have fooled。既然是已经发生的动作，也可以使用一般过去时fooled。故填have fooled/fooled。
完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My neighbor Josie, a college professor, ran circles around women twenty years younger than her. For some reason, she took a(n) ___11___ to me and always chose to fit me into her days. She would call me to taste-test recipes, which was a ___12___. Her garden was a testament (证明) to Josie's green thumb. In some instances, I could not even ___13___ what was growing, but we had the freshest salads in the neighborhood all summer long!
Early each morning, Josie forced me to ___14___ her on her “daily constitutional”, as she liked to call it. I believe we were supposed to be walking, but it felt more like mini-sprints (running at full speed). I had my rules. If I couldn’t talk or ___15___, I would stop. I stopped every day at the end of our block. Josie would ___16___ a half hour later and make me breakfast as a ___17___ for making the attempt!
Each night around sunset, Josie and I would touch our base on our porches (门廊) before retiring for the evening. We would ___18___ back and forth, exchanging worldviews.
One evening, Josie was a “no-show.” I started over to her door when I ___19___ the ambulance and saw her husband and children ___20___ outside. Josie had suffered a stroke (中风).
When I next set eyes on her, she was leaning in a wheelchair. She looked smaller and older than I remembered, but her eyes were clear and her smile was ___21___bright. Her speech was ___22___, but her voice still had the lift I loved.
Josie’s world had changed overnight from travel destinations to the few rooms in her house. ___23___ it’s what she does with her surroundings that gives me pause and perspective.
When Josie feels well enough to ___24___, her husband brings her breakfast in bed. She calls it “dining out”. They listen to soft music and light candles. On days when Josie has some ___25___, her husband wheels her into the living room, and they watch old movies together. She calls it “date night.” When Josie is doing really well, her husband takes her for a(n) ___26___ outside in her wheelchair. She calls it “going on vacation”.
Despite the ___27___ that Josie is not expected to make a full recovery, she ___28___ to dine out, go to the movies and take lots of mini-vacations. She is grateful to smell a summer barbecue, to share a laugh with her favorite neighbor, and to be here for ___29___ day.
I am ___30___ for her simple life lesson. Find the positive, and you’ve found your reason to live.
11. A. opinion B. feeling C. chance D. liking
12. A. task B. matter C. pleasure D. burden
13. A. deliver B. identify C. assess D. compare
14. A. assist B. promote C. inspire D. join
15. A. wave B. cheer C. jump D. breathe
16. A. return B. disappear C. stretch D. practise
17. A. push B. reward C. response D. contribution
18. A. skip B. chat C. think D. swing
19 A. heard B. called C. left D. ignored
20. A. dining B. escaping C. running D. wandering
21. A. still B. ever C. once D. already
22. A. deeper B. longer C. clearer D. slower
23. A. For B. Or C. So D. But
24. A. eat B. speak C. relax D. sleep
25. A. space B. strength C. lessons D. worries
26. A. hike B. examination C. walk D. meeting
27. A. fact B. faith C. plan D. attempt
28. A. rejected B. continues C. postponed D. paused
29. A. either B. certain C. another D. neither
30. A. helpful B. pitiful C. thankful D. painful
【答案】11. D 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. C 21. A 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者的邻居Josie让我加入她喜欢的每日跑步活动中。但有一天她中风了。尽管Josie不会完全康复，但她会快乐地生活一天，作者从Josie身上学到了很多东西。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于某种原因，她很喜欢我，总是选择让我进入她的生活中。A. opinion意见；B. feeling感觉；C. chance机会；D. liking喜欢。根据“chose to fit me into her days”可知，Josie喜欢有我的陪伴，才让我加入到她的跑步活动中去。take a liking to：喜欢上。故选D。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她会叫我去做食谱的味觉测试，这是一种荣幸。A. task任务；B. matter物质；C. pleasure荣幸，乐趣；D. burden负担。根据后文的“Her garden was a testament (证明) to Josie’s green thumb.”和“we had the freshest salads in the neighborhood all summer long.”可知，Josie的园艺技能不一般，整个夏天我们都吃到了最新鲜的沙拉。因此Josie叫我去做食谱的味觉测试，这是一种荣幸。故选C。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意： 在某些情况下，我甚至无法确定院子里生长的是什么，但是整个夏天我们都吃到了最新鲜的沙拉！A. deliver递送，传送，交付；B. identify确定；C. assess评估；D. compare比较。Josie的园艺技能不一般，在园子中种了很多东西，以至于作者都不能确认出是什么。故选B。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天清晨，Josie让我加入她称之为“每日宪法”的跑步活动。A. assist帮助；B. promote促进；C. inspire启发；D. join加入。由前文的“fit me into her days”可知，Josie让我加入她的跑步活动中去。故选D。
【15题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我不能说话或喘不上气了，我会停下来。A. wave挥手；B. cheer欢呼；C. jump跳；D. breathe呼吸。跑步时喘不上气了，自然就需要停下来。故选D。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Josie将在半小时后返回， 并为我做早餐，作为我尝试跑步的奖励！A. return返回；B. disappear消失；C. stretch伸展；D. practise练习 。由“make me breakfast”可知，Josie让我和她一起跑步，她会跑回来给我做早餐，以示对我的奖励。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意： Josie将在半小时后返回，并让我吃早餐，作为尝试的奖励！A. push推；B. reward奖励；C. response响应；D. contribution贡献。有前文的“forced me to join her”可知，因为在她的“迫使”下我参与了跑步，所以她为了鼓励我给我做早饭吃作为奖赏。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们来回聊天，交流对事物的观点和看法。A. skip跳跃；B. chat聊天；C. think认为；D. swing摇摆。根据“exchanging worldviews”可知，两个人交流对事物的观点和看法，即她们在闲聊。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回到她的门前，这时我听到救护车的声音并看到她的丈夫和孩子往外面跑。A. heard听到；B. called叫；C. left离开；D. ignored忽略。根据下文的“Josie had suffered a stroke”可知，Josie中风了，救护车赶来抢救，我听到了救护车的声音。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回到她的门前，这时我听到救护车的声音并看到她的丈夫和孩子往外面跑。A. dining用餐；B. escaping逃跑；C. running跑步；D. wandering徘徊。 Josie中风了，情况紧急。丈夫和孩子就忙跑到外面迎接救护车。故选C。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她看起来比我记忆中的要瘦小和年老，但是她的眼睛是透明的，微笑仍很阳光。A. still仍然；B. ever曾经；C. once曾经，一次；D. already已经。空格所在句子和下一句的句式结构是一样的，表达的情感也是一致的。由“but her voice still had the lift I loved”中的still可知，此处也应该使用still。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的讲话语调较慢，但我依旧喜欢她的声音。A. deeper更深的；B. longer更长的；C. clearer更清晰的；D. slower 更慢的。Josie中风了，说话受到了影响。但是她的声音我依旧喜欢。由but一词表示转折可知，Josie的说话速度肯定是慢了。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：但正是她利用周围的一切所做的努力使我保持了冷静进行了思考。A. For对于；B. Or或者；C. So所以；D. But但是。由空格前后的两个句子可知，在一夜之间，Josie的活动范围从她所去的目的地变成了她家中的几个房间。正是她利用周围的一切所做的努力使我保持了冷静进行了思考。它们构成了转折关系。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Josie感到能吃东西的时候，她的丈夫将早餐带到了床上。A. eat吃；B. speak说话；C. relax放松；D. sleep睡觉。由“her husband brings her breakfast in bed”可知，Josie开始能吃东西了。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在Josie有了点力量的日子里，她的丈夫将她带到客厅，他们一起看老电影。A. space空间；B. strength强度，力量；C. lessons课程；D. worries担心。由“her husband wheels her into the living room, and they watch old movies together”可知，Josie恢复了一定的力量，她的丈夫将她带到客厅，他们一起看老电影。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Josie身体状况很好时，她的丈夫带她坐在轮椅上出去散步。A. hike远足；B. examination检查；C. walk步行；D. meeting会议。在Josie恢复不错的情况下，她开始坐轮椅到外面散步了，选择walk合乎语境。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管事实上Josie不会完全康复，但她仍在“下饭店”，“看电影”和进行一些许多的“小型度假”。A. fact事实；B. faith信仰；C. plan计划；D. attempt尝试。根据空后的描述“She is grateful to smell a summer barbecue, to share a laugh with her favorite neighbor,”可知，Josie满足于能闻到夏季烧烤的味道，与她最喜欢的邻居分享笑声。可推知Josie可能不会完全康复，这是一个事实，选择fact合乎语境，其他选项不通顺。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管事实上Josie不会完全康复，但她仍在“下饭店”，“看电影”和进行一些许多的“小型度假”。A. rejected拒绝；B. continues继续；C. postponed推迟；D. paused暂停。由下文的“find the positive”可知，Josie很乐观，尽管事实上Josie不会完全康复，但是她会继续坚强地生活下去。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她很高兴能闻到夏季烧烤的味道，与她最喜欢的邻居分享笑声，并又一次快乐地生活一天。A. either(两者之中的)任何一个；B. certain某些；C. another另一个；D. neither都不。Josie很乐观，闻到夏季烧烤的味道，与她最喜欢的邻居分享笑声，她很高兴，因此她会又一次快乐地生活一天，每天都会乐观地度过。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感谢她给我上的简单的生活一课。A. helpful有益的；B. pitiful可怜的；C. thankful感激的；D. painful痛苦的。由最后一句可知，积极面对生活，然后您就找到了活下去的理由。因此从Josie身上可知，作者对于Josie上的生活课持感激的态度，她学到了很多。故选C。
【点睛】在做完形填空试题时，要通览全文，瞻前顾后，仔细推敲。一定要把上下文联系在一起，才能确定选项。一些选项必须通过上下文的理解才能确定选项。例如：小题8考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们来回聊天，交流对事物的观点和看法。A. skip跳跃；B. chat聊天；C. think认为；D. swing摇摆。根据“exchanging worldviews”可知，两个人交流对事物的观点和看法，即她们在闲聊。故选B；小题14考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Josie感到能吃东西的时候，她的丈夫将早餐带到了床上。A. eat吃；B. speak说话；C. relax放松；D. sleep睡觉。由“her husband brings her breakfast in bed”可知，Josie开始能吃东西了。故选A。这些提示信息很明显。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Changing Bit by Bit
A new contest challenges people to use micro:bit computers to solve problems.
Could you use your computing skills to aid the fight against illegal animal hunting? How about tackling ocean pollution or monitoring animals under threat of extinction?
A new global challenge called Do Your Bit aims to get young people using their computing creativity to solve real-world problems. It’s being run by a partnership involving the BBC’s micro:bit computer, the technology company ARM and a campaign called World’s Largest Lesson, and it's aimed at people aged 10 to 16. It kicks off on 16 September.
The contest in 2019 is based on two Global Goals: to protect life on land and under the water. To take part, young people first choose a problem that affects them and their community, then design something involving the micro:bit computer that could help to tackle that problem.
Participants need to write up to 500 words about the problem and their solution, as well as providing a photo of their drawn plans or a hex file of their prototype code (编码), plus any other photos and videos showing what they’ve done.
This is the second micro:bit Global Challenge to be held. In 2018, the contest's winning designs included a homemade thief alarm, a classroom health monitor, a food-waste watcher and a device to remind people to sit up straight.
The deadline for entering the challenge is 28 February 2020: the winners will be announced the following month.
31. The main purpose of BBC’s involvement is to _______.
A. report for this contest
B. call for ocean protection
C. introduce the Global Goals
D. promote micro:bit computers
32. The Do Your Bit in 2019 is based on the theme of________.
A. getting rid of hunger
B. providing clean water
C. taking care of children
D. protecting life on the earth
33. To take part in the contest, contestants need ______.
A. buy micro:bit computers
B. sign up for it before 16 September 2020
C. choose a real problem and offer solutions
D. prepare photos and videos of group members
【答案】31. D 32. D 33. C
【解析】
本文是一篇广告布告。一项名为Do Your Bit的全球性新挑战旨在让年轻人利用他们的计算机创造力来解决现实世界中的问题。例如你能否利用自己的计算技能来协助打击非法狩猎动物？如何应对海洋污染或监测濒临灭绝的动物？
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A new contest challenges people to use micro:bit computers to solve problems.”和第三段中的“It’s being run by a partnership involving the BBC’s micro:bit computer, the technology company ARM”可知，一项新竞赛要求人们使用计算机来解决问题。该活动由BBC的micro:bit计算机技术公司ARM合作运营，因此BBC参与的主要目的是推广micro:bit计算机。故选D。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The contest in 2019 is based on two Global Goals: to protect life on land and under the water.”可知，2019年的比赛基于两个全球性的目标：保护陆地和水下生物。即2019年的Do Your Bit活动以保护地球上的生命为主题。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Participants need to write up to 500 words about the problem and their solution”可知，参与者需要就问题及其解决方案写上多达500字。即参加比赛的选手需要选择一个真正的问题并提供解决方案。故选C。
B
Therapy (治疗) Appointment
“You want out again, Marmalade? You were just out. What, not the back door, you want out the front?” I was very surprised that our beautiful cat wanted out again.
Several days later, I realized that almost every day she had been asking to be let out at 1: 00 p.m. and always wanted the front door instead of the back door she normally used to go to the yard. I hadn’t been paying much attention, but I realized this had been going on for a while, and I had no idea why. Therefore, the next time it happened, I watched out the front room window to see what Marmalade was doing every day.
Marm went down the front stairs and out to the city sidewalk then just sat there. About three minutes later, she flopped (跳) down and rolled over so her belly (肚子) was showing.
This is unusual. She never does that unless she wants to be petted — but there is no one there. Wait-on the sidewalk just crossing a block down from our house was a group of about fifteen young adults from the nearby group home for young adults with Down syndrome (唐氏综合症). They were out for a walk.
As they approached, I could hear, “There’s the kitty, there’s the kitty,” coming from their mouths. When they were close enough to touch Marm, she lay quietly while each person took a turn petting her. This took quite a while, and obviously these teens were very comfortable petting her. When everyone had given Marm a petting, she turned over, stood up and gave herself a shake, then walked back up the sidewalk to the front door to be let in.
It had been a breathtaking experience to see. The next day, at the same time, I watched it happen again.
After a few more days of this, I wondered how long this had been lasting, so I went out and asked the adults. What I was told was both interesting and humbling. Our wonderful cat had been doing this every weekday for months, and these young adults thought it was the highlight of the walk to be able to have a chance to pet her.
How had she come to understand that these young people would enjoy petting her and could trust them? How could she comfort people when they felt sad, and how would she lick away the tears until she had made them feel better?
34. Marm’s owner was puzzled because Marm always _____.
A. desired to the front yard
B went out from the front door
C. rolled over to show her belly
D. wanted out from the window
35. Marm flopped down and rolled over on the sidewalk to ________.
A. play with other cats
B. make the teens pet her
C. wait for passers-by to feed her
D. have a rest and enjoy the sunshine
36. What does the writer think of Marm?
A. Loving and caring.
B. Funny and helpful.
C. Mysterious and weird.
D. Vulnerable and puzzling.
37. What can we learn from Marm’s story?
A. No one can be neglected.
B. Cats can understand each other.
C. People need to give pets more petting.
D. Animals can believe and support human.
【答案】34. B 35. B 36. A 37. D
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。Marm是作者家的一只猫，她最近每天定时与来自附近的一些患有唐氏综合症的年轻人见面，让他们抚摸自己，使这些年轻人感到很快乐，作者感受到动物可以相信和支持人类的情感。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What, not the back door, you want out the front? I was very surprised that our beautiful cat wanted out again.”和第二段中的“…always wanted the front door instead of the back door she normally used to go to the yard”可知，作者对于Marmalade要从前门出去感到非常惊讶。几乎每天Marmalad都要求在下午1点被放出去并且以前她通常通过后门去院子。而这几天她走的是前门。因此作者感到困惑是因为Marm总是从前门出去。故选B。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“When they were close enough to touch Marm, she lay quietly while each person took a turn petting her.”可知，当他们足够接近Marm时，她安静地躺着，每个人轮流抚摸着她。即 Marm跳到人行道上翻身是为了让那些青少年抚摸她。故选B。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Wait-on the sidewalk just crossing a block down from our house was a group of about fifteen young adults from the nearby group home for young adults with Down syndrome (唐氏综合症). They were out for a walk.”可知，Marm在离我们家距离只有一个街区的人行道上等待着大约15名年轻人来抚摸她。这些年轻人患有唐氏综合症。根据第五段中的“This took quite a while, and obviously these teens were very comfortable petting her.”可知，这些年轻人抚摸着她很长时间，显然这些青少年很喜欢抚摸她，他们感到很快乐。因此作者认为Marm充满着爱心与关怀。故选A。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“How had she come to understand that these young people would enjoy petting her and could trust them? How could she comfort people when they felt sad, and how would she lick away the tears until she had made them feel better?”可知，她是怎么知道这些年轻人喜欢抚摸她并可以信任他们的呢？当人们感到悲伤时，她如何安慰他们？她如何舔掉眼泪直到使他们感觉更好？通过作者的这些问题，我们可以从Marm的故事中了解到动物可以相信和支持人类的情感。故选D。
C
Traditionally, the more people in a city, the fewer trees there are. To create space for houses, offices and other buildings, nature takes second place. But, if the architect Stefano Boeri has anything to do with it, this will soon be changing.
Boeri has designed a forest city, to be created in the north of Liuzhou in Guangxi region in southern China. This mountainous area was chosen to be “a city where living nature is totally intertwined with architecture.” According to Boeri, instead of completely getting rid of the trees to build houses, the city’s design considers the surrounding greenery. Homes and commercial buildings will be covered with trees, with gardens on the balconies (阳台) of every floor, and rooftops that are home to miniature forests.
“I have been working on the idea of urban forestation for years,” says Boeri. “In those areas of the planet where it is still necessary to build new cities, we are planning real forest cities for a maximum of 150,000 citizens.”
The Liuzhou Forest City will be connected to central Liuzhou via a railway line and a road. It will be home to 30,000 people, and include commercial and recreational spaces, two schools and a hospital. On top of this, the vegetation will absorb carbon dioxide and pollutants, as well as releasing oxygen into the atmosphere.
Development is well underway for the forest city. “Our masterpiece for a forest city in Liuzhou has been approved by the local government,” says Boeri. Now, the government is starting the process of selling land to interested developers. “The current phase is still ongoing for land selling,” says Boeri. Building is expected to begin in 2020. At the same time, the firm has copied the concept in Lishui, a city in the southeast of China. The masterpiece has also been given the thumbs-up by local governments here, and the developer is collecting funds to launch the project.
If the Chinese cities prove successful, Boeri hopes that the idea will take hold across the world. “We are developing the same concept in other places with different climate conditions, such as Mexico and north Africa,” he says.
And there is science behind the idea of planting trees to halt climate change. A study earlier this year by scientists at ETH Zurich found that planting at least a trillion trees around the world could lock up 205 billion tonnes of carbon, once the trees are mature, helping to offset the effects of releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
38. According to the passage Boeri holds the belief that ______.
A. a city can be built in harmony with nature
B. climate change results from the city development
C. the building of a city may cost the damage of nature
D. we should stop building new cities to protect nature
39. What can we infer from the cities designed by Boeri?
A. Houses would be built in a huge forest.
B. Citizens will live in inconvenient areas.
C. Cities can be transformed to forest cities.
D. The idea will be tried out soon worldwide.
40. What is the attitude of the Lishui government on Boeri’s concept?
A. Supportive. B. Neutral.
C. Unclear. D. Critical.
41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
A. Where the Problem of Pollution Is Rooted
B. How Forest Cities Are Affecting the World
C. Can Forest Cities Help to Clean Up Pollution
D. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Pollution
【答案】38. A 39. C 40. A 41. C
【解析】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了通过建筑师Stefano的设计理念，传统意义上的城市建设可以与自然保持和谐，使其成为森林城市，其中的树木可以有助于抵消温室气体的影响。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Traditionally, the more people in a city, the fewer trees there are. To create space for houses, offices and other buildings, nature takes second place. But, if the architect Stefano Boeri has anything to do with it, this will soon be changing.”可知，传统上城市中的人口越多，树木越少。为了给房屋，办公室和其他建筑物创造空间，大自然占据了第二位。但是建筑师Stefano Boeri可以做一些事情，将很快改变这一点。即 Boeri坚信城市可以与自然和谐地建立起来。故选A。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“According to Boeri, instead of completely getting rid of the trees to build houses, the city’s design considers the surrounding greenery. Homes and commercial buildings will be covered with trees, with gardens on the balconies (阳台) of every floor, and rooftops that are home to miniature forests.”可知，根据Boeri的说法，城市的设计并未完全摆脱使用树木的想法，而是考虑到周围的绿地。住宅和商业建筑将被树木覆盖，每层阳台上都将有花园，屋顶上则是微型森林。因此我们可以推断出在Boeri的设计理念下，城市可以转变为森林城市。故选C。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“At the same time, the firm has copied the concept in Lishui, a city in the southeast of China. The masterpiece has also been given the thumbs-up by local governments here, and the developer is collecting funds to launch the project.”可知，这个理念在丽水得到了认可，这个杰作得到了地方政府的赞许，开发商正在筹集资金以启动该项目。因此丽水政府对Boeri的森林城市概念持支持态度。故选A。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。由上一小题的分析可知，森林城市的想法还未正式实施，正在准备阶段。由最后一段中的“A study earlier this year by scientists at ETH Zurich found that planting at least a trillion trees around the world could lock up 205 billion tonnes of carbon, once the trees are mature, helping to offset the effects of releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.”可知，今年早些时候，苏黎世联邦理工学院的科学家进行的一项研究发现，一旦树木长大，在世界范围内种植的至少一万亿棵树可以吸收2050亿吨碳，这有助于抵消向大气释放温室气体的影响。综上可知，文章主要讲述的是森林城市的想法完成了设计准备过程，等待正式实施，这可能会为城市带来一定的环境方面的好处，例如解决一定的空气污染问题。因此C项（森林城市能否帮助清理污染）符合文章内容，可以作为最佳标题。故选C。
D
The first science project I ever did was in fifth grade with my partner, Delaney. We looked online together for ideas and came up with an experiment to slide glass balls down a slope covered with different-textured materials. Our project was torn to pieces by our teacher. Our procedure wasn’t thorough. She told us we should consider waiting another year to enter the science fair. I felt so discouraged.
That night, I folded up our poster and started thinking about all of the things I could do differently the next year. I wanted to find a topic I cared about, one that interested me. As a beginner of the piano, I was curious about how the piano I practiced on for five hours every week could make the sounds that it did. I learned about something called “sympathetic resonance,” a phenomenon that allows string to vibrate (振动) together when played. I built my next project around this and ended up getting first place at the science fair the following year.
Today, I am 22 years old, a climate scientist. In the decade since I did my very first science project, I have wondered a lot about what it takes to be a good scientist. To me, what makes a truly good scientist is what makes a good person.
A good scientist has patience — patience for others, patience for herself or himself, and patience when things go wrong. A few years ago, I had the opportunity to work on a NASA asteroid-sample retrieval mission called OSIRIS-Rex. The spacecraft launched in September 2016, headed to the asteroid Bennu. Late last year, finally, it reached its destination. In four years, OSIRIS-Rex will bring a piece of the asteroid back to earth so that scientists can learn more about it. Scientific discoveries do not take place overnight, and many are small and gradual. Missions like the one I worked on often take years to complete. Success almost never comes quickly or easily.
A good scientist is open-minded. It can be easy to ignore people you disagree with or to assume the worst about them. But we should be open to ideas that are not what we expected when we set out. We should take the time to consider other people’s opinions, even when they conflict with our own. There is so much we don’t know, but we do know some things. We live in a world where knowledge and uncertainty can and do coexist. As scientists, we should have both confidence in ourselves and humility as we move through our lives.
Of course, good scientists are driven by curiosity. But curiosity does not have to be limited to science. When we are curious about other people, we can become more considerate. When we are curious about other perspectives, we can become more understanding. After all, it costs nothing to be kind to someone — at school, at the grocery store, with your friends, with your family. A kind gesture can make someone’s day, even save someone’s life. You never know what people are going through unless you take the time to find out. Curiosity is not and never will be something to be ashamed of. Curiosity is our superpower. But it’s also what makes us human. All we have to do is ask.
42. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The daily life of a scientist.
B. The procedures of choosing a project.
C. The personal experience of a scientist.
D. The achievements a scientist ever made.
43. What does the underlined word “humility” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Being modest. B. Being cautious.
C. Being sceptical. D. Being ambitious.
44. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Curiosity kills the cat.
B. Practice makes perfect.
C. When one door shuts another opens.
D. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
45. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To evaluate the effect of a science project.
B. To analyze the personalities of a scientist.
C. To explain the consequence of an experiment.
D. To compare some approaches to be a scientist.
【答案】42. C 43. A 44. D 45. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了成为优秀科学家所应该具有的个性。
【42题详解】
主旨大意题。根据前两段中的“The first science project I ever did was in fifth grade with my partner, Delaney…”和“That night, I folded up our poster and started thinking about all of the things I could do differently the next year…”可知，这两段主要讲述的是作者曾经与搭档Delane做过的第一个科学项目，最终没有通过老师的审核。他们需要再等一年才能参加科学博览会。为此作者开始考虑明年可以做不同的事情并建立了下一个项目，于次年在科学博览会上获得第一名。因此前两段主要讲的是科学家成长过程中的个人经历。故选C。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“But we should be open to ideas that are not what we expected when we set out. We should take the time to consider other people’s opinions, even when they conflict with our own. There is so much we don’t know, but we do know some things. We live in a world where knowledge and uncertainty can and do coexist.”可知，我们应该对那些我们开始时没有预料到的想法持开放态度。即使别人的意见与我们自己的意见不同，我们也应该花些时间考虑他们的意见。有很多我们不知道的东西，但是我们确实知道一些事情。我们生活在一个知识与不确定性共存的世界中。鉴于以上原因，下一句是得出的结论：As scientists, we should have both confidence in ourselves and humility as we move through our lives.应理解为：作为科学家，我们在生活中应该对自己充满信心，因为我们对世界有一定的了解，但因为我们也有自己的局限性，不能掌控一切。因此在保持自信心的同时，我们也要虚心地听取别人的看法。因此划线词humility意为“谦虚”。故选A。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Scientific discoveries do not take place overnight, and many are small and gradual. Missions like the one I worked on often take years to complete. Success almost never comes quickly or easily.”可知，科学发现不是一朝一夕就发生的，而且许多发现是微小和渐进的。像我致力所做的任务通常需要数年才能完成。成功几乎不会很快或轻松地到来。即坚持一个想法，在不断的努力下才能取得成功。A. Curiosity kills the cat.好奇害死猫；B. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧；C. When one door shuts, another opens.天无绝人之路；D. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.心之所愿，无事不成。因此D项符合文章内容。故选D。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“A good scientist has patience.”可知，一位优秀的科学家具有耐心。根据第五段中的“A good scientist is open-minded.”可知，一个好的科学家思想开阔。根据最后一段中的“Of course, good scientists are driven by curiosity.”可知，好的科学家是由好奇心驱使的。因此文章主要讲述的是成为优秀科学家所应该具有的个性。故选B。
【点睛】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。
例如，小题3是推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Scientific discoveries do not take place overnight, and many are small and gradual. Missions like the one I worked on often take years to complete. Success almost never comes quickly or easily.”可知，科学发现不是一朝一夕就发生的，而且许多发现是微小和渐进的。像我致力所做的任务通常需要数年才能完成。成功几乎不会很快或轻松地到来。即坚持一个想法，在不断的努力下才能取得成功。A. Curiosity kills the cat.好奇害死猫；B. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧；C. When one door shuts, another opens.天无绝人之路；D. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.心之所愿，无事不成。因此D项符合文章内容。故选D；小题4是推理判断题。根据第四段中的“A good scientist has patience.”可知，一位优秀的科学家具有耐心。根据第五段中的“A good scientist is open-minded.”可知，一个好的科学家思想开阔。根据最后一段中的“Of course, good scientists are driven by curiosity.”可知，好的科学家是由好奇心驱使的。因此文章主要讲述的是成为优秀科学家所应该具有的个性。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why are some people successful and others aren’t? What’s the secret of success? ___46___
Many of Gladwell’s ideas appear in his social psychology bestseller Outliers.___47___ Gladwell thinks that this is just an excuse for not trying… and if you really want to be good at something, you have to work at it. “Practice isn’t the thing you do once you’re good,” Gladwell writes. “It’s the thing you do that makes you good.”
Central to the book is the “10,000-hour rule”. It means that if you want to be among the best in the world, you need to practise something for 10,000 hours. ___48___ For example, the Beatles played live in Hamburg more than 1,200 times between 1960 and 1964, which is more than 10,000 hours of playing time. And when Microsoft chairman Bill Gates was 13, he was given access to a high school computer (one of the few available in the country), allowing him to practise computer programming for more than (Yes, you guessed it!) 10, 000 hours.
___49___ Take the example of Christopher Langan, who’s mentioned in the book. He’s got an IQ of between 195 and 210 (Albert Einstein’s IQ was estimated to have been between 160 and 180). As a boy at school, Langan was able to take an exam in a foreign language he’d never studied and pass it after just skim-reading a text book for three minutes. However, Langan never graduated from university and worked in labour-intensive jobs his whole life. This proves that intelligence alone will not lead to success—you need hard work, support, finance and opportunities. Gladwell adds, “No one — not rock stars, not professional athletes, not software billionaires, and not even geniuses — ever makes it alone.”
___50___ Even after you’ve put in your 10,000 hours of practice, you still need one other key ingredient — luck. So, you could be the most amazing guitarist in the world, but unless you’re lucky enough to play in front of a record company executive who sees a way of exploiting that talent, you aren’t going to be seeing your name in lights.
A. It isn’t just a question of time and support.
B. Author Malcolm Gladwell thinks he knows.
C. That’s equal to three hours a day for 10 years.
D. Of course, many people argue that you can create your own “luck”.
E. The popular view is that some of us are born talented and others aren’t.
F. The interesting thing is that success has nothing to do with intelligence.
G. Someone who’s willing to practise something for 10,000 hours is probably active.
【答案】46. B 47. E 48. C 49. F 50. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了成功的要素：努力、智力、勤奋、（他人的）支持、财力和机会。
【46题详解】
考查段尾句。根据空前“Why are some people successful and others aren’t? What’s the secret of success?（为什么有些人成功而其他人却不成功？成功的秘诀是什么？)”可知，B项（作者Malcolm Gladwell认为他知道答案）能够承接上文。该选项通过提到“作者Malcolm Gladwell认为他知道答案”在下文引出对这两个问题的回答。故选B项。
【47题详解】
考查段中句。根据空前“Many of Gladwell’s ideas appear in his social psychology bestseller Outliers.(Gladwell的许多想法都出现在他的社会心理学畅销书《离群值》中)”和空后“Gladwell thinks that this is just an excuse for not trying… and if you really want to be good at something, you have to work at it.(Gladwell认为，这只是不做尝试的借口，如果你真的想擅长做某事，就必须努力)”可知，E项(流行的观点是，我们中有些人天生是有才华的，而另一些人则不是）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项在为前一句中的“Many of Gladwell’s ideas”举例子。故选E项。
【48题详解】
考查段中句。根据空前“Central to the book is the “10,000-hour rule”. It means that if you want to be among the best in the world, you need to practise something for 10,000 hours.(这本书的核心是“10,000小时规则”。这意味着，如果你想成为世界上最优秀的人之一，则你需要练习某件事达到10,000小时)”和空后“For example, the Beatles played live in Hamburg more than 1,200 times between 1960 and 1964, which is more than 10,000 hours of playing time.(例如，甲壳虫乐队在1960年至1964年之间在汉堡进行了超过1200次的现场演奏，这达到了10,000多个小时的演奏时间)”可知，C项（那就是每天练习三小时并持续了三年的时间）能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。该选项与前一句进行了一个数字上的转换计算，空格后的句子是在对选项进行举例说明。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查段首句。根据空后“Take the example of Christopher Langan, who’s mentioned in the book.(以书中提到的Christopher Langan为例)”可知，F项（有趣的是，成功与智力无关）能够与下文连接通顺。空格后的句子是在举例子说明该选项。故选F项。
【50题详解】
考查段首句。根据空后“Even after you’ve put in your 10,000 hours of practice, you still need one other key ingredient — luck.(即使您投入了10,000个小时的练习，你仍然需要其他关键要素——运气)”可知，A项（这不仅仅是时间和获取支持的问题）能够与下文连接通顺。空格后的句子是对该选项的进一步说明，表示成功在努力之外也需要运气。故选A项。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节（15分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim在邮件中说打算寒假来中国旅游。请你给他回复邮件邀请他来北京过春节，内容包括：
1.春节的意义；
2.春节期间的典型活动；
3.在京期间的建议。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m glad to know that you will come to China during the winter vacation. How about coming to Beijing to celebrate the Spring Festival with my family?
Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family. It is a great time for family reunion. We will stay together, talk about ups and downs in the whole year and welcome the new year. There are many traditional activities, such as doing a thorough cleaning to have a new look for the new year, pasting handwritten couplets and character Fu on front door to bring good luck and preparing a variety of foods, especially Jiaozi on the Eve.
During your stay, the subway is convenient for you to go around. And I suggest visiting the Forbidden City and the Temple of Heaven, which will be surely filled with the festival atmosphere.
I will be glad to be your guide. Wish you a nice trip.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是一封邀请信。假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim在邮件中说打算寒假来中国旅游，请你给他回复邮件邀请他来北京过春节。
【详解】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，不能遗漏要点：1.春节的意义；2.春节期间的典型活动；3.在京期间的建议。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
根据写作要点我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇和短语及句子有：during the winter vacation， celebrate the Spring Festival，family reunion，stay together，talk about ups and downs，traditional activities， bring good luck，prepare a variety of foods，The subway is convenient for you to go around，visit the Forbidden City and the Temple of Heaven，be surely filled with the festival atmosphere. I will be glad to be your guide. Wish you a nice trip.可以使用的衔接词：1.表文章结构顺序：First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second… And then，Finally，In the end，At last，Above all等；2.表并列补充关系：What is more，Besides，Moreover，Furthermore，In addition，as well as，not only…but (also)等。通过词汇铺垫，我们就很容易地行文了，文章写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误。
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句：I’m glad to know that you will come to China during the winter vacation. 这句话运用了that引导的宾语从句；And I suggest visiting the Forbidden City and the Temple of Heaven, which will be surely filled with the festival atmosphere.这句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。使用了一些固定词组，如： ups and downs，a variety of，be filled with。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
第二节（20分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次“讲述英雄故事”的主题班会。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
注意： 词数不少于60。
提示词： 退役军人veteran
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Last week, we held a class meeting themed “Telling stories of heroes”, which is memorable.
Before the class meeting, our teacher informed us the theme and divided us into groups as we wished. All of us got involved in it. After making a clear division, two of our group interviewed a veteran; others searched for relevant materials on-line. Then we got together to prepare for our presentation.
On the presenting day, I vividly told the stories of some heroes like the interviewed veteran. When I finished my speech, all audience including my teacher were touched by what heroes had done and applauded for them. Throughout the whole class meeting, we were immersed in the deeds of heroes in different fields and periods. Some of us were even in tears. In the end, our teacher made a brief but sound summary and called on us to carry on their spirit in every aspect of our lives.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是一篇图画作文，假定你是李华，你们班上周组织了一次“讲述英雄故事”主题班会。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
【详解】这是一篇图画作文，我们需要用正确的英语将图画所反映的内容表达出来。动笔前，要认真分析图画，将四幅图的内容有机地连接起来。写作时注意准确运用时态，主要使用一般过去时。上下文要意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
分析图画可知，第一幅图：老师要求以“英雄故事”为主题开展一次班会；第二幅图：学生分为几组。我们小组中的两个人采访了一位老兵。其他人在线搜索相关材料，然后聚在一起准备我们的演讲。第三幅图：我生动地讲述了一些英雄的故事，例如被采访的退伍军人的事迹。当我结束演讲时，听众都为英雄所做的事而感动并为他们鼓掌。第四幅图：最后，我们的老师做了总结，并呼吁我们在生活的各个方面继续传递他们的英雄精神。根据写作要点我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇和短语有：hold a class meeting，inform us the theme，divide us into groups，got involved in，interview a veteran，search for relevant materials on-line，prepare for our presentation，tell the stories of some heroes，finish my speech，applaud for，make a brief summary，call on us to carry on their spirit。可以使用的衔接词：1.表文章结构顺序：First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second… And then，Finally，In the end，At last，Above all等；2.表并列补充关系：What is more，Besides，Moreover，Furthermore，In addition，as well as，not only…but (also)等。通过词汇铺垫，我们就很容易地行文了，文章写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误。
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句：Last week, we held a class meeting themed “Telling stories of heroes”, which is memorable.这句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。使用了一些固定词组，如：got involved in，search for，prepare for，make a brief summary。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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