16中国历史故事（一）-中考英语时文阅读练习（含答案解析）

这是一份16中国历史故事（一）-中考英语时文阅读练习（含答案解析），共10页。

01
The brush pen, ne f the “Fur Treasures f the Study”, was invented thusands f years ag. Hwever, the ldest pen was just a stick r a piece f bamb. It was difficult fr peple t write well n thin silk.
It is said that Meng Tian, a general f the Kingdm (王国) Qin, imprved the pen. When Meng was leading an army t fight against the Kingdm f Chu, he had t reprt the situatin t his king in time. But his pen was t hard and caused him much truble, s he was thinking f ways t imprve it.
One day after hunting (狩猎), Meng made his way hme with sme wild rabbits n the hrse back. Fat and heavy, ne rabbit’s tail left a lng trail (痕迹) n the grund when they mved n. Suddenly a gd idea came t his mind when he saw it, “If I tie the rabbit’s hair t a stick, wuld it be easy t write with?”
On arriving hme, he tied the rabbit’s hair t a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was t smth t write well and wasted a lt f silk. Meng was s disappinted that he threw away his “inventin” int a stne hle in the yard.
Hwever, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time. A few rainy days later, he happened t find his “inventin” fatter in a stne hle. He picked it up with hpe. The brush wrked beautifully n silk. It turned ut that the special water had cleaned the il frm the hair. Meng succeeded at last.
Thanks t Meng, the brush pen is playing a key rle in Chinese culture. Tday, students are taught t use the brush pens in schl. It makes their life mre clrful and helps them better understand Chinese culture.
1．Why did Meng Tian want t imprve the pen?
A．Because the king asked him t d s.
B．Because he wanted t be an inventr.
C．Because he didn’t have silk t write n.
D．Because the pen brught him much truble.
2．When did Meng think f the gd idea in Paragraph 3?
A．Befre hunting animals.B．When he saw the trail.
C．During cleaning the hair.D．After he wrte a reprt.
3．Which is the right rder f imprving the brush pen?
a．The brush pen culd write well.
b．Meng tied the rabbit’s hair t a stick.
c．The special water washed the il away.
d．Meng drpped the stick int a stne hle.
A．b-d-a-cB．d-b-a-cC．b-d-c-aD．c-d-b-a
4．Hw can the students understand Chinese culture better?
A．By learning t use brush pens.B．By playing a rle.
C．By planting mre bamb.D．By inventing things.
5．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Make friends with animals.B．Value fantastic memries.
C．Keep trying and never give up.D．Build a peaceful wrld.
02
Shang Yang was a statesman f the Qin state (秦国). He was very talented and frward-thinking. He wrked ut a series f refrm plans fr the state, including fcusing n farming and giving rewards t sldiers wh were successful during war.
But at the beginning, these refrms were nt easily carried ut. Only a few peple in the state understd Shang’s talent and advantages f his plans. Mst peple had little trust and cnfidence in him.
T slve this prblem, Shang came up with an idea. He rdered sme sldiers t put a thin wden ple at the suth gate f the Qin state capital. This attracted many peple. Then, in frnt f the crwd, he said ludly, “Peple f Qin, here is my ffer. Whever takes this ple t the nrth gate will get a reward f 10 gld pieces.”
It was a simple task and the reward was big. Sme time passed and n ne stepped frward. They all thught that Shang was jking.
Hearing n answer, Shang stepped frward and said, “I will increase the reward t 50 gld pieces.”
This ffer was even mre unbelievable. Finally, a man frm the crwd came frward t take the ple. He put the ple n his shulders and walked t the nrth gate. True t his wrd, Shang paid the man 50 gld pieces.
Wrd spread abut what had happened in the capital. Sn, the peple were saying that Shang was a man f his wrd. When he began prmting his refrms, the peple fllwed and did nt questin him.
Under the refrms, Qin grew strng and unified all the states, becming the first empire f China.
6．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut Shang Yang’s refrms?
A．Shang Yang’s refrms were the best nes at that time.
B．Shang Yang’s refrms helped China becme a bigger cuntry.
C．Shang Yang’s refrms fcused n farming and educatin.
D．Shang Yang’s refrms were intrduced t ther states.
7．Many peple were attracted but n ne stepped frward after hearing Shang Yang’s wrd because ________.
A．the task was t difficult t finish
B．they were nt satisfied with the reward
C．they culdn’t believe what Shang said
D．they didn’t knw hw t finish the task
8．T cnvince peple t trust him, Shang Yang ________.
A．gave a reward t anyne wh supprted him
B．intrduced his refrms at the suth gate f the capital
C．urged many yung men t jin the army
D．shwed that he culd keep his prmises
9．What des the stry mainly want t tell us?
A．Mney talks.
B．Keeping prmises can earn peple’s trust.
C．Earning peple’s trust is never easy.
D．Refrms are imprtant fr a cuntry t develp.
03
T Brrw Arrws with Thatched Bats
One day, Zhu Yu rdered Zhuge Liang t make 100,000 arrws（箭）in ten days. Zhu Yu thught it was impssible, but Zhuge Liang said, “Give me three days.” Then he asked Lu Su t lend him 20 bats, and the sldiers put sme scarecrws（稻草人）in line n the bats. He reminded Lu Su nt t tell Zhu Yu what was happening.
When Lu Su came again t see Zhuge Liang, he fund nthing unusual. Nthing happened n the secnd day, either. In the small hurs（凌晨）f the third day, Zhuge Liang invited Lu Su fr a bat ride. The 20 bats were tied tgether with strng rpes. Zhuge’s fleet went twards the camp f Ca Ca. The surface f the river was cvered with thick mist（雾）all ver. Peple culd hardly see each ther n the river. When Zhuge’s fleet gt clse t the Ca camp befre dawn（黎明）, Zhuge Liang rdered his sldiers t shut and beat drums heavily t pretend an attack. But Zhuge and Lu Su nly sat inside ne bat drinking wine t enjy themselves.
As sn as the Ca camp heard the shuting and drum beating, they mistk it fr a surprise attack by the Zhu Yu camp. Since they culd see nbdy n the river, they had t rder 3,000 sldiers t sht arrws t stp the unexpected attack. The frnt f the scarecrws was quickly full f arrws. After a while, Zhuge Liang had his fleet turned arund t get the ther side f the scarecrws t face the Ca camp. When bth sides were full f arrws, the day brke. Zhuge Liang rdered his sldiers t return. The sldiers shuted in excitement, “Thank yu, Ca Ca, fr yur arrws.” After they gt back t their camp, they cllected mre than 100,000 arrws in ttal frm the scarecrws.
10．Hw many days did Zhuge Liang need t make 100,000 arrws?
A．One day.B．Tw days.C．Three days.D．Ten days.
11．The underlined wrd “feet” prbably means _________ in Chinese.
A．船帆B．甲板C．船浆D．船队
12．Wh created the idea t get the arrws?
A．Zhu Yu.B．Zhuge Liang.C．Lu Su.D．Ca Ca.
13．The sldiers in the Ca camp sht arrws because _________.
A．the Zhu Yu camp started an attack
B．they culd see each ther n the river
C．they mistk the shuting and beating fr a surprise attack
D．Lu Su beat the drums
14．Hw did Zhu Yu prbably feel after Zhuge Liang returned with ver 100,000 arrws?
A．Surprised.B．Bred.C．Tired.D．Lnely.
04
请认真阅读下面短文, 并根据短文内容回答问题。
Accrding t sme ld Chinese stries, there nce was an ancient emperr named Shennng. At that time, peple culd nt tell the difference between medicinal and pisnus （有毒的）plants. When they gt sick, there was n medicine t treat their illnesses. Many sick peple culd nly wait fr death.
T save his peple, Shennng decided t find and test ut different plants. He and his fllwers set ut n a jurney in search f medicinally effective plants. Once, they saw a large frest n a high cliff （悬崖）frm a distance. There must be many different kinds f plants, but they culdn’t find a way t the cliff. Suddenly, they saw sme mnkeys climbing alng the vines and trees hanging dwn frm the cliff. Shennng was inspired by the scene. He asked his fllwers t cut dwn the tree trunks and vines. Tgether they built scaffld （脚手架）, with its help, they climbed t the cliff and cllected many valuable plants.
Each time the team fund a new type f plant, Shennng wuld taste it himself. Sme plants made him sleepy. Sme caused him t suffer pains in his stmach. Sme made him tremble （颤抖） all ver. After searching and testing ver a lng perid f time, he and his fllwers discvered hundreds f medicinal plants.
As they cntinued their search, the team fund a plant with small yellw flwers n a muntain. When a yung man reached fr it, the plant mved like a wrm. Shennng picked ff ne piece frm the plant in rder t taste it. Other peple tried t stp him, but Shennng said calmly, "It lks like a medicinal plant. I have t test it, r sme peple may misuse it.”
Suddenly, Shennng’s face turned pale and he fell n the grund. Bld flwed frm his muth and nse. Even after he was given the leaves frm ther medicinal plants, he was still nt able t recver. The emperr sn tk his last breath. Peple cvered him with thusands f flwers. Frm then n, they called him the “Emperr f Medicine”.
根据短文内容回答问题
15．What culd many peple d when they fell ill when Shennng was the emperr?
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16．Why did Shennng decide t find and test ut different plants?
____________________________________________________
17．Hw did they climb t the cliff and cllect valuable plants?
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18．What was special abut the plant with small yellw flwers?
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19．Hw d yu like Shennng?（请自拟一句话作答）
____________________________________________________
05
Mdesty (谦逊) is a valuable quality in many cultures arund the wrld. In China, this is n different. Hwever, the phrase “毛遂自荐” seems t disagree with this.
During the Warring States Perid, the Qin army marched (进军) n Handan. Seeing that Handan was in danger, Prince Pingyuan asked fr help frm the state f Chu. He wanted t pick 20 talented peple t g with him. Hwever, he culd nly find 19 peple wh were gd enugh. Then, a man named Ma Sui vlunteered.
Prince Pingyuan lked at Ma Sui with dubt. “Hw lng have yu been here with me?” “Three years,” Ma Sui answered. “I hear that a persn with talent is like an awl (锥子) in a clth bag. Its sharp pint will sn pierce thrugh the bag. Yu’ve been here fr a lng time, but I haven’t seen any f yur achievements. Maybe yu dn’t have any talent.” said Prince Pingyuan.
“What I’m asking yu nw is t put me int that bag. If yu d that, I will pierce thrugh it. But nt nly the pint—the whle awl,” Ma Sui said cnfidently.
Impressed, Prince Pingyuan allwed Ma t jin his team, and Ma prved very helpful. Nw the phrase “Ma Sui recmmending himself ” is used t describe smene wh vlunteers t d a task.
Hwever, there is a fine line between self-cnfidence and arrgance (傲慢) . It’s imprtant t believe in yurself, but a strng eg (自我) can harm yur career and prfessinal relatinships. S we recmmend letting yur wrk speak fr itself.
根据短文内容，回答下列问题
20．When did the Qin army march n Handan?
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21．Where did Ma Sui cme frm?
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22．Hw lng did Ma Sui been with Prince Pingyuan?
_________________________________________________________________
23．What is the phrase “Ma Sui recmmending himself” used t describe nw?
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24．What d yu think f Ma Sui?
_________________________________________________________________题型
主要内容
1
阅读理解
讲述了蒙恬发明毛笔的历史故事。
2
阅读理解
讲述了秦朝的商鞅变法。商鞅为了取得国人的信任使变法得以有效实施，想出了一个“立木取信”的办法，赢得了众人的信任与支持，商鞅变法使秦朝强大起来，统一了全国。
3
阅读理解
讲述了“草船借箭”的故事。
4
回答问题
讲述了中国古代传说，即神农尝百草的故事。
5
回答问题
介绍了成语“毛遂自荐”的历史典故以及该成语在现在社会的运用。
参考答案
1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C
【导语】本文讲述了蒙恬发明毛笔的历史故事。
1．细节理解题。根据“But his pen was t hard and caused him much truble, s he was thinking f ways t imprve it.”可知，蒙恬想改进笔的原因是当时的笔给他带来了很多麻烦。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“ne rabbit’s tail left a lng trail (痕迹) n the grund when they mved n. Suddenly a gd idea came t his mind when he saw it”可知，当他看到兔子尾巴在地上留下的痕迹时，他想出了好主意。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“On arriving hme, he tied the rabbit’s hair t a was s disappinted that he threw away his “inventin” int a stne hle in the turned ut that the special water had cleaned the il frm the hair. Meng succeeded at last.”可知，正确的顺序是b. 蒙恬把兔子的毛发绑在一根棍子上；d. 蒙恬把棍子扔进了一个石洞里；c. 这种特殊的水把油冲掉了；a. 这支毛笔写起来很好用。即b-d-c-a，故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据“Tday, students are taught t use the brush pens in helps them better understand Chinese culture.”可知，通过学习使用毛笔，学生能够更好地了解中国文化。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据“Hwever, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time.”和“Meng succeeded at last.”可知，虽然蒙恬发明毛笔的经过不太顺利，但他没有放弃，最终成功了，由此我们可以学到的是永不言弃的精神。故选C。
6．A 7．C 8．D 9．B
【导语】本文讲述了秦朝的商鞅变法。商鞅为了取得国人的信任使变法得以有效实施，想出了一个“立木取信”的办法，赢得了众人的信任与支持，商鞅变法使秦朝强大起来，统一了全国。同时故事也告诉我们只有信守诺言才能赢得人们的信任。
6．推理判断题。根据“Under the refrms, Qin grew strng and unified all the states, becming the first empire f China.”可知通过商鞅变法，秦国变得强大，统一了所有国家，成为中国的第一个帝国。由此推出商鞅变法是当时最好的变法。故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据“Mst peple had little trust and cnfidence in him.”及“Sme time passed and n ne stepped frward. They all thught that Shang was jking.”可知很多人被吸引了，但是没有人在听到商鞅的话后站出来，因为他们不相信商鞅说的话。故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据“True t his wrd, Shang paid the man 50 gld pieces.”及“Sn, the peple were saying that Shang was a man f his wrd.”可知为了让人们相信他，商鞅表现出了他能信守诺言。故选D。
9．主旨大意题。本文讲述了秦朝的商鞅变法。商鞅为了取得国人的信任使变法得以有效实施，想出了一个“立木取信”的办法，赢得了众人的信任与支持，商鞅变法使秦朝强大起来，统一了全国。同时故事也告诉我们只有信守诺言才能赢得人们的信任。故选B。
10．C 11．D 12．B 13．C 14．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了“草船借箭”的故事。
10．细节理解题。根据“but Zhuge Liang said, ‘Give me three days.’ ”可知，诸葛亮认为需要三天来造十万支箭。故选C。
11．词义猜测题。根据“The 20 bats were tied tgether with strng rpes. Zhuge’s fleet went twards the camp f Ca Ca”可知，20艘船用结实的绳子系在一起，诸葛亮带着自己的船队向曹操的营地进发，所以fleet表示“船队”，故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据“Zhu Yu thught it was impssible, but Zhuge Liang said, ‘Give me three days.’ Then he asked Lu Su t lend him 20 bats, and the sldiers put sme scarecrws（稻草人）in line n the bats.”及“In the small hurs（凌晨）f the third day, Zhuge Liang invited Lu Su fr a bat ride”可知，是诸葛亮想出了这个借箭的主意，故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据“As sn as the Ca camp heard the shuting and drum beating, they mistk it fr a surprise attack by the Zhu Yu camp…they had t rder 3,000 sldiers t sht arrws t stp the unexpected attack”可知，因为曹军一听到喊声和鼓声，就误以为是周瑜的突然袭击，故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据“One day, Zhu Yu rdered Zhuge Liang t make 100,000 arrws（箭）in ten days. Zhu Yu thught it was impssible”可知，周瑜认为在10天内弄到10万支箭是不可能的，所以当诸葛亮成功地在很短的时间内完成时，他会感到很惊讶，故选A。
15．Only wait fr death.
16．T save his peple./Because he wanted t save his peple.
17．By building the scaffld./With the help f the scaffld.
18．It culd mve like a wrm.
19．Brave./Great./Selfless. （答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【导语】本文讲述了中国古代传说，即神农尝百草的故事。
15．根据“Many sick peple culd nly wait fr death.”可知，许多病人只能等待死亡。故填Only wait fr death.
16．根据“T save his peple, Shennng decided t find and test ut different plants.”可知，为了拯救他的人民，神农决定找到并试验不同的植物。故填T save his peple./Because he wanted t save his peple.
17．根据“He asked his fllwers t cut dwn the tree trunks and vines. Tgether they built scaffld, with its help, they climbed t the cliff and cllected many valuable plants.”可知，他要求他的追随者砍倒树干和藤蔓，他们一起搭起了脚手架，在脚手架的帮助下，他们爬上了悬崖，收集了许多珍贵的植物。故填By building the scaffld./With the help f the scaffld.
18．根据“When a yung man reached fr it, the plant mved like a wrm.”可知，当一个年轻人伸手去拿它时，这株植物像蠕虫一样蠕动着。故填It culd mve like a wrm.
19．文章介绍了神农为了拯救他的人民，不顾自己的危险，决定找到并试验不同的植物，由此可知，他是勇敢/伟大/无私的，故填Brave./Great./Selfless.
20．During the Warring States Perid. 21．Zha. 22．Fr three years. 23．It used t describe smene wh vlunteers t d a task. 24．He was a cnfident man.
【导语】本文介绍了成语“毛遂自荐”的历史典故以及该成语在现在社会的运用。
20．根据“During the Warring States Perid, the Qin army marched (进军) n Handan.”可知，在战国时期，秦朝军队进攻邯郸。故填During the Warring States Perid.
21．根据“Seeing that Handan was in danger…He wanted t pick 20 talented peple t g with him… Then, a man named Ma Sui vlunteered.”可知，平原君在赵国境内寻找人才，毛遂前来自荐；故可知毛遂来自赵国。故填Zha.
22．根据“‘Hw lng have yu been here with me?’ ‘Three years,’ Ma Sui answered.”可知，毛遂在平原君身边待了三年。故填Fr three years.
23．根据“Nw the phrase ‘Ma Sui recmmending himself’ is used t describe smene wh vlunteers t d a task.”可知，现在“毛遂自荐”被用来描述自愿完成任务的人。故填It used t describe smene wh vlunteers t d a task.
24．本题是一道开放性试题，答案言之有理即可。故填He was a cnfident man.