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专题26 陕西发现4世纪古墓-2024届高考英语时文阅读外刊精选精练
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这是一份专题26 陕西发现4世纪古墓-2024届高考英语时文阅读外刊精选精练，文件包含专题26陕西发现4世纪古墓-高中英语时文阅读外刊精选精练原卷版docx、专题26陕西发现4世纪古墓-高中英语时文阅读外刊精选精练解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共13页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题26
陕西发现4世纪古墓
【原文·外刊阅读】
Tmbs dating back t 4th century discvered in Shaanxi Prvince
（文章来源：Glbal Times）
A cemetery with 285 tmbs dating back t the 4th century has been unearthed in Nrthwest China's Shaanxi Prvince, reprted the state bradcaster CCTV n Wednesday, citing the Xi'an Institute f Cul-tural Relics and Archaelgy. The discvery nt nly sheds light n the evlutin f the burial and sacrifi-cial system in ancient times, but als cntributes t studies n ppulatin mixing and ethnic integratin.
The tmbs, which span a time frm the Sixteen Kingdms perid (304-439) t the Sui and Tang dynasties (581-907), were fund in an rderly aligned layut. The cemetery stands as the largest independent cemetery frm the perid fund t date.
All the tmbs in the cemetery are riented tward the east. This practice was cnsistently maintained frm the early years f the Sixteen Kingdms t the Tang Dynasty, spanning ver 300 years. Archaelgists say this demnstrates strng uniqueness and stability.
The find als represents a crucial link in the evlutin f ancient Chinese burial practices, shwcasing a unique blend f burial systems spanning frm the independent mausleum traditins f the Warring States perid t the family cemetery systems f the Nrthern Dynasties (439-581) and Sui and Tang dynasties, accrding t the reprt. Archaelgists say the excavatin f the graveyard helps shed light n the evlutin f the burial and sacrificial system in nrthern China in the Sixteen Kingdms perid and Nrthern Dynasties. In additin, pttery figurines, pttery stves and kettles, pttery lanterns and epitaph bricks imprinted with characters identifying the year the brick was made were unearthed frm the tmbs.
The evlving burial styles and accmpanying artifacts within the cemetery suggest a cultural synthesis. The inhabitants f this cemetery adhered t their ethnic traditins while adapting elements f Han Chinese culture. This reflects the gradual integratin f ethnic minrities wh migrated t the Central Plains during the Sixteen Kingdms and Nrthern Dynasties perid, prviding valuable insights int the cmplex histrical and cultural dynamics f the Chang'an (the ld name fr Xi'an and capital f the Tang Dynasty) regin ver the 300 years spanning the Nrthern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang.
The discvery will als cntribute t studies n ppulatin mixing and ethnic integratin in the Chang'an area, serving as an imprtant manifestatin f the characteristics f Chinese civilizatin, emphasizing "inclusive integratin and unity in diversity," accrding t the reprt.
【原创·阅读理解】
1.What is the significance f the discvered cemetery in Shaanxi Prvince?
A. It is the ldest cemetery fund in China.
B. It sheds light n the evlutin f ancient Chinese burial practices and cntributes t studies n ppulatin mixing and ethnic integratin.
C. It marks the lcatin f the largest battle in ancient Chinese histry.
D. It prvides evidence f a new civilizatin predating the Sixteen Kingdms perid.
2.What is the rientatin f all the tmbs in the discvered cemetery, and what des this demnstrate?
A. The tmbs are riented tward the west, demnstrating a change in burial traditins.
B. The tmbs are riented tward the suth, demnstrating incnsistency in burial practices.
C. The tmbs are riented tward the east, demnstrating uniqueness and stability in burial practices.
D. The tmbs have n cnsistent rientatin, demnstrating chas in burial arrangements.
3.Hw des the discvery reflect the cultural synthesis f the inhabitants f the cemetery?
A. The inhabitants strictly adhered t their ethnic traditins withut any influence frm Han Chinese culture.
B. The inhabitants cmpletely abandned their ethnic traditins and fully embraced Han Chinese culture.
C. The inhabitants adapted elements f Han Chinese culture while maintaining their ethnic traditins.
D. The inhabitants nly fllwed the burial practices f Han Chinese culture withut any variatin.
【精选·名校好题】
Ⅰ
（2023·大庆肇州二中联考）When Richard Oswald was grwing up in nrthwestern Missuri in the 1950s, his dad had a firm rule: Dn’t plant crn until mid-May. But that rule has becme a relic f the past. In Rck Prt, a small farming cmmunity near the Nebraska brder, the grwing seasn nw begins mre than a mnth earlier.
That’s nt surprising. Acrss much f the US, winter is nt as cld as it used t be. The fur warmest Januaries n recrd have all ccurred since 2016. In Missuri, winters are abut 4 degrees htter n average than in 1970-and farmers are starting t feel the effects.
As the planet cntinues t warm, cld winter weather will becme less cmmn, said Amy Butler, a re-search scientist studying climate variability. “Hwever, less cld des nt mean never cld.” Butler said. In the past decade, Liz Graznak’s rganic vegetable farm near Clumbia, Missuri, has endured increasingly extreme swings in weather. “We dn’t get a cuple f inches f snw; we get 18 inches f snw all at nce and then in five days, it’ s 70 degrees again.” Graznak said. “We dn’t get a cuple f inches f rain; we get a 12-inch dwnpur in the span f 24 hurs. That’s devastating(毁灭性的)t a vegetable farm.”
T help prtect her crps, Graznak has built fur large greenhuses n her prperty in just ver a decade. Inside, she’s able t grw delicate, high-value crps, including flwers, lettuce and spinach.
But these greenhuses cme at a steep cst. Nearly seven years ag, Graznak spent mre than $18,000 t build a greenhuse and since then, the price has mre than dubled. “When I think abut these csts, in my brain, I say, ‘OK, hw many heads f lettuce is that?’” She said. “I knw I can sell a head f lettuce fr $4, s hw many heads f lettuce d I have t sell t be able t pay fr that greenhuse? And that’s a lt f lettuce.”
1．What des the authr want t shw by telling Richard Oswald’s stry?
A．New farmers shuld learn t farm n their wn.
B．New farmers aren’t as experienced as ld nes.
C．Fllwing traditinal farming rules is essential.
D．Climate change is changing farming rules.
2．What did Liz Graznak experience in the past decade?
A．Many extreme weather events.
B．A winter withut any cld days.
C．Less snw and rain n the whle.
D．Mre stable temperature than befre.
3．What can be inferred frm Liz Graznak’s wrds in the last paragraph?
A．The prfits f her farm have increased.
B．She has lst hpe in the future f farming.
C．The cst f farming has greatly increased.
D．Budgeting is imprtant in mdern farming.
4．What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A．Farmers in the US are trubled by flds
B．Farmers are wrried abut the future f farming
C．Farmers are feeling climate change’s effect in the US
D．Farmers are turning t greenhuses due t climate change
Ⅱ
（2024·潍坊模拟预测）Nwadays, peple are increasingly interacting with thers in scial media envirnments where algrithms cntrl the flw f scial infrmatin they see. Peple’s interactins with nline algrithms may affect hw they learn frm thers, with negative cnsequences including scial misperceptins, cnflict and the spread f misinfrmatin.
On scial media platfrms, algrithms are mainly designed t amplify (放大) infrmatin that sustains engagement, meaning they keep peple clicking n cntent and cming back t the platfrms. There is evidence suggesting that a side effect f this design is that algrithms amplify infrmatin peple are strngly biased (偏向的) t learn frm. We call this infrmatin “PRIME”, fr prestigius, in-grup, mral and emtinal infrmatin.
In ur evlutinary past, biases t learn frm PRIME infrmatin were very advantageus: Learning frm prestigius individuals is efficient because these peple are successful and their behavir can be cpied. Paying attentin t peple wh vilate mral nrms is imprtant because punishing them helps the cmmunity maintain cperatin. But what happens when PRIME infrmatin becmes amplified by algrithms and sme peple explit (利用) algrithm amplificatin t prmte themselves? Prestige becmes a pr signal f success because peple can fake prestige n scial media. News becme filled with negative and mral infrmatin s that there is cnflict rather than cperatin.
The interactin f human psychlgy and algrithm amplificatin leads t disfunctin because scial learning supprts cperatin and prblem-slving, but scial media algrithms are designed t increase engagement. We call it functinal mismatch. One f the key utcmes f functinal mismatch is that peple start t frm incrrect perceptins f their scial wrld, which ften ccurs in the field f plitics. Recent research suggests that when algrithms selectively amplify mre extreme plitical views, peple begin t think that their plitical in-grup and ut-grup are mre sharply divided than they really are. Such “false plarizatin” might be an imprtant surce f greater plitical cnflict.
S what’s next? A key questin is what can be dne t make algrithms facilitate accurate human scial learning rather than explit scial learning biases. Sme research team is wrking n new algrithm designs that increase engagement while als punishing PRIME infrmatin. This may maintain user activity that scial media platfrms seek, but als make peple’s scial perceptins mre accurate.
5．What are scial media algrithms targeted at?
A．Imprving scial envirnment.
B．Generating PRIME infrmatin.
C．Aviding side effects f scial media.
D．Raising the media platfrm click rate.
6．Why des the authr refer t “false plarizatin” in paragraph 4?
A．T make an assumptin.
B．T illustrate a cnclusin.
C．T explain a plitical issue.
D．T present an extreme case.
7．Accrding t the authr, algrithms will be imprved s as t ________.
A．bst engagement and regulate amplificatin
B．strengthen scial learning and delete biases
C．identify biases and punish PRIME infrmatin
D．mnitr media platfrms and guarantee users’ privacy
8．What is the best title f the text?
A．PRIME infrmatin meets with misperceptins
B．Algrithms cntrl the flw f scial infrmatin
C．Scial media algrithms twist human scial learning
D．Online algrithm designs face unexpected challenges
专题26
陕西发现4世纪古墓
【原文·外刊阅读】
Tmbs dating back t 4th century discvered in Shaanxi Prvince
（文章来源：Glbal Times）
A cemetery with 285 tmbs dating back t the 4th century has been unearthed in Nrthwest China's Shaanxi Prvince, reprted the state bradcaster CCTV n Wednesday, citing the Xi'an Institute f Cul-tural Relics and Archaelgy. The discvery nt nly sheds light n the evlutin f the burial and sacrifi-cial system in ancient times, but als cntributes t studies n ppulatin mixing and ethnic integratin.
The tmbs, which span a time frm the Sixteen Kingdms perid (304-439) t the Sui and Tang dynasties (581-907), were fund in an rderly aligned layut. The cemetery stands as the largest independent cemetery frm the perid fund t date.
All the tmbs in the cemetery are riented tward the east. This practice was cnsistently maintained frm the early years f the Sixteen Kingdms t the Tang Dynasty, spanning ver 300 years. Archaelgists say this demnstrates strng uniqueness and stability.
The find als represents a crucial link in the evlutin f ancient Chinese burial practices, shwcasing a unique blend f burial systems spanning frm the independent mausleum traditins f the Warring States perid t the family cemetery systems f the Nrthern Dynasties (439-581) and Sui and Tang dynasties, accrding t the reprt. Archaelgists say the excavatin f the graveyard helps shed light n the evlutin f the burial and sacrificial system in nrthern China in the Sixteen Kingdms perid and Nrthern Dynasties. In additin, pttery figurines, pttery stves and kettles, pttery lanterns and epitaph bricks imprinted with characters identifying the year the brick was made were unearthed frm the tmbs.
The evlving burial styles and accmpanying artifacts within the cemetery suggest a cultural synthesis. The inhabitants f this cemetery adhered t their ethnic traditins while adapting elements f Han Chinese culture. This reflects the gradual integratin f ethnic minrities wh migrated t the Central Plains during the Sixteen Kingdms and Nrthern Dynasties perid, prviding valuable insights int the cmplex histrical and cultural dynamics f the Chang'an (the ld name fr Xi'an and capital f the Tang Dynasty) regin ver the 300 years spanning the Nrthern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang.
The discvery will als cntribute t studies n ppulatin mixing and ethnic integratin in the Chang'an area, serving as an imprtant manifestatin f the characteristics f Chinese civilizatin, emphasizing "inclusive integratin and unity in diversity," accrding t the reprt.
【原创·阅读理解】
1.What is the significance f the discvered cemetery in Shaanxi Prvince?
A. It is the ldest cemetery fund in China.
B. It sheds light n the evlutin f ancient Chinese burial practices and cntributes t studies n ppulatin mixing and ethnic integratin.
C. It marks the lcatin f the largest battle in ancient Chinese histry.
D. It prvides evidence f a new civilizatin predating the Sixteen Kingdms perid.
2.What is the rientatin f all the tmbs in the discvered cemetery, and what des this demnstrate?
A. The tmbs are riented tward the west, demnstrating a change in burial traditins.
B. The tmbs are riented tward the suth, demnstrating incnsistency in burial practices.
C. The tmbs are riented tward the east, demnstrating uniqueness and stability in burial practices.
D. The tmbs have n cnsistent rientatin, demnstrating chas in burial arrangements.
3.Hw des the discvery reflect the cultural synthesis f the inhabitants f the cemetery?
A. The inhabitants strictly adhered t their ethnic traditins withut any influence frm Han Chinese culture.
B. The inhabitants cmpletely abandned their ethnic traditins and fully embraced Han Chinese culture.
C. The inhabitants adapted elements f Han Chinese culture while maintaining their ethnic traditins.
D. The inhabitants nly fllwed the burial practices f Han Chinese culture withut any variatin.
【精选·名校好题】
Ⅰ
（2023·大庆肇州二中联考）When Richard Oswald was grwing up in nrthwestern Missuri in the 1950s, his dad had a firm rule: Dn’t plant crn until mid-May. But that rule has becme a relic f the past. In Rck Prt, a small farming cmmunity near the Nebraska brder, the grwing seasn nw begins mre than a mnth earlier.
That’s nt surprising. Acrss much f the US, winter is nt as cld as it used t be. The fur warmest Januaries n recrd have all ccurred since 2016. In Missuri, winters are abut 4 degrees htter n average than in 1970-and farmers are starting t feel the effects.
As the planet cntinues t warm, cld winter weather will becme less cmmn, said Amy Butler, a re-search scientist studying climate variability. “Hwever, less cld des nt mean never cld.” Butler said. In the past decade, Liz Graznak’s rganic vegetable farm near Clumbia, Missuri, has endured increasingly extreme swings in weather. “We dn’t get a cuple f inches f snw; we get 18 inches f snw all at nce and then in five days, it’ s 70 degrees again.” Graznak said. “We dn’t get a cuple f inches f rain; we get a 12-inch dwnpur in the span f 24 hurs. That’s devastating(毁灭性的)t a vegetable farm.”
T help prtect her crps, Graznak has built fur large greenhuses n her prperty in just ver a decade. Inside, she’s able t grw delicate, high-value crps, including flwers, lettuce and spinach.
But these greenhuses cme at a steep cst. Nearly seven years ag, Graznak spent mre than $18,000 t build a greenhuse and since then, the price has mre than dubled. “When I think abut these csts, in my brain, I say, ‘OK, hw many heads f lettuce is that?’” She said. “I knw I can sell a head f lettuce fr $4, s hw many heads f lettuce d I have t sell t be able t pay fr that greenhuse? And that’s a lt f lettuce.”
1．What des the authr want t shw by telling Richard Oswald’s stry?
A．New farmers shuld learn t farm n their wn.
B．New farmers aren’t as experienced as ld nes.
C．Fllwing traditinal farming rules is essential.
D．Climate change is changing farming rules.
2．What did Liz Graznak experience in the past decade?
A．Many extreme weather events.
B．A winter withut any cld days.
C．Less snw and rain n the whle.
D．Mre stable temperature than befre.
3．What can be inferred frm Liz Graznak’s wrds in the last paragraph?
A．The prfits f her farm have increased.
B．She has lst hpe in the future f farming.
C．The cst f farming has greatly increased.
D．Budgeting is imprtant in mdern farming.
4．What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A．Farmers in the US are trubled by flds
B．Farmers are wrried abut the future f farming
C．Farmers are feeling climate change’s effect in the US
D．Farmers are turning t greenhuses due t climate change
Ⅱ
（2024·潍坊模拟预测）Nwadays, peple are increasingly interacting with thers in scial media envirnments where algrithms cntrl the flw f scial infrmatin they see. Peple’s interactins with nline algrithms may affect hw they learn frm thers, with negative cnsequences including scial misperceptins, cnflict and the spread f misinfrmatin.
On scial media platfrms, algrithms are mainly designed t amplify (放大) infrmatin that sustains engagement, meaning they keep peple clicking n cntent and cming back t the platfrms. There is evidence suggesting that a side effect f this design is that algrithms amplify infrmatin peple are strngly biased (偏向的) t learn frm. We call this infrmatin “PRIME”, fr prestigius, in-grup, mral and emtinal infrmatin.
In ur evlutinary past, biases t learn frm PRIME infrmatin were very advantageus: Learning frm prestigius individuals is efficient because these peple are successful and their behavir can be cpied. Paying attentin t peple wh vilate mral nrms is imprtant because punishing them helps the cmmunity maintain cperatin. But what happens when PRIME infrmatin becmes amplified by algrithms and sme peple explit (利用) algrithm amplificatin t prmte themselves? Prestige becmes a pr signal f success because peple can fake prestige n scial media. News becme filled with negative and mral infrmatin s that there is cnflict rather than cperatin.
The interactin f human psychlgy and algrithm amplificatin leads t disfunctin because scial learning supprts cperatin and prblem-slving, but scial media algrithms are designed t increase engagement. We call it functinal mismatch. One f the key utcmes f functinal mismatch is that peple start t frm incrrect perceptins f their scial wrld, which ften ccurs in the field f plitics. Recent research suggests that when algrithms selectively amplify mre extreme plitical views, peple begin t think that their plitical in-grup and ut-grup are mre sharply divided than they really are. Such “false plarizatin” might be an imprtant surce f greater plitical cnflict.
S what’s next? A key questin is what can be dne t make algrithms facilitate accurate human scial learning rather than explit scial learning biases. Sme research team is wrking n new algrithm designs that increase engagement while als punishing PRIME infrmatin. This may maintain user activity that scial media platfrms seek, but als make peple’s scial perceptins mre accurate.
5．What are scial media algrithms targeted at?
A．Imprving scial envirnment.
B．Generating PRIME infrmatin.
C．Aviding side effects f scial media.
D．Raising the media platfrm click rate.
6．Why des the authr refer t “false plarizatin” in paragraph 4?
A．T make an assumptin.
B．T illustrate a cnclusin.
C．T explain a plitical issue.
D．T present an extreme case.
7．Accrding t the authr, algrithms will be imprved s as t ________.
A．bst engagement and regulate amplificatin
B．strengthen scial learning and delete biases
C．identify biases and punish PRIME infrmatin
D．mnitr media platfrms and guarantee users’ privacy
8．What is the best title f the text?
A．PRIME infrmatin meets with misperceptins
B．Algrithms cntrl the flw f scial infrmatin
C．Scial media algrithms twist human scial learning
D．Online algrithm designs face unexpected challenges
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