【寒假作业】译林版2020 高中英语 高二寒假巩固提升训练 第07讲+阅读理解(知识讲解+名校新题练)-练习.zip

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阅读理解是高考试题中的重头戏，因此阅读理解试题的分数的得失成为高考英语成败的关键。任何一位作者都会有自己的写作意图，任何一篇文章都会有自己的中心主旨，而能否明晰作者的写作意图，能否把握文章的主旨，是理解一篇文章的关键，也是阅读水平高低的体现。为了考察考生对文章的理解程度和阅读水平，出题者必然会以各种方式对作者的写作意图与文章的主旨要义进行考察。一般来说，文章的主旨经常会被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入点，因此高一的同学们应格外注意英语阅读理解的理解和应用，注意其解题过程。
先看问题，再读文章
做阅读理解是先看问题，还是先看文章，这是很多同学经常问的问题。我觉得这两种方法各有利弊，应视具体情况而定。就阅读广告而言，还是先看问题比较好，因为广告类的试题绝大部分是寻找信息的题目，大可不必从头读到尾，带着问题有针对性地去跳读、略读，这样就可以节约不少时间。
抓住广告的标题
如果广告有标题，大标题下又有小标题，那么，快速寻找原文信息时，这些标题就成了很重要的线索，可以帮助我们快速准确地找到答案。有些题目考查的就是对广告标题的理解。
逐项比较，得出最佳
做阅读理解题，切不可凭主观印象，想当然地确定答案。任何一道题目，均可以在原文中找到相关线索，这就如同破译密码一样。做题人的思维过程和编题人的思维过程恰好相反，编题人先找好线索，然后设计问题和选项，解题人根据问题，再去文中找相关线索。因此，我们做题时要逐项比较，排除错误选项，得出最佳答案。
4.吃透文章文章大意和中心思想
任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨和中心。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨大意，从这一段或这个句子，我们就会知道文章描述的是什么(即文章的主题)，也会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间去浓缩去推断。这类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会驾驭大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。
5.理解文中具体信息
文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人员往往会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。
6.根据上下文语境，准确推断生词的词义
正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。
7.作出简单判断和推理
阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，即作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中，有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。
8.准确把握作者的意图、观点和态度
每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。”
对英语阅读能力的考查是英语高考的重中之重，除阅读理解题外，其他各种题型从单项填空到书面表达尤其是完形填空和短文该错都与我们的英语阅读能力有密切的关系。难怪有的教师在分析高考英语试卷时得出这样的结论“得阅读者得天下”。

细节理解题
直接信息题
★解题方略
①认真阅读题干，根据关键词明确答题方向
②运用略读及查读技巧迅速找到文中与问题相关的信息
③仔细比较所给选项，与原文信息对应，锁定正确选项
设题方式
①When/Where did the stry happen?
②Which f the fllwing statements is (nt) crrect/wrng/false?
③Which f the fllwing statements is (nt) mentined/included in the passage?
④Wh wuld mst prbably enter fr Take a view?
⑤All the statements are true except ________.
⑥Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut ________？
⑦Which f the maps/diagrams shws the right psitin
2.间接信息题
★解题方略
①阅读题干，有针对性地扫读原文，锁定相关词句等信息
②仔细比较选项和原文信息，选择正确或最佳的答案
③准确理解每个选项的意思，寻找与原文信息相关的同义词，近义词或反义词
设题方式
①Which is the right rder f the events given in the passage?
②By the first sentence f the passage, the authr means that…？
③What’s the right rder f the events related t…?
④In the passage, the authr states that…
⑤What was the reasn fr…?
⑥What can we learn abut the pet lizard …?
3.数字计算题
★解题方略
①明确题干要求，锁定原文相关信息
②对相关信息和数字进行分析和理解
③利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案
设题方式
①Which number shuld yu call if yu want t wrk with the elderly?
②Hw many/Hw
推理判断题
1.隐含与预测推断
★解题方略
①锁定题干中infer，cnclude，suggest，imply，indicate，assume等词，明确答题方向
②根据语篇，对事件可能产生的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行推理
③浏览四个选项，首先排除与原文信息一样的选项
④立足原文，结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行合乎逻辑的推断
设题方式
①It can be inferred frm the text that .
②Accrding t..., we can infer that .
③The stry implies that .
④Cmpared with ther similar prducts, the new design ________.
⑤It can be cncluded frm the passage that ________.
⑥The passage/writer/authr indicates/suggests/implies that ________.
⑦We can infer frm the (first/last) passage that ________.
⑧The underlined sentence indicates that ________.
⑨Which f the fllwing can be inferred frm the passage?
2. 文章出处题
★解题方略
①原则：从文章的内容或结构判断起出处
②方法对号入座——报纸：前面常会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称
广告：格式特殊，容易辨认
产品说明：常含有操作方式、使用方法等
网页：常还有网页的典型用语
设题方式
①The text is mst likely t be taken frm ________.
②Where can we mst prbably read this text?
③The passage is likely t appear in _________.
④Where is the passage mst likely t have been taken frm?
⑤Where is this text mst likely frm?
⑥Where can the text be fund?
3. 观点态度题——关键词句法
★解题方略
①选项常用词汇--subjective / bjective / neutral / indifferent / unclearpsitive / apprval / ptimistic / hpefulnegative / disapprval / critical / pessimistic / dubtful / skeptical
②关键词句法——全面理解文章的内容和中心思想抓住体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举的事例注意流露作者思想倾向或感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词
设题方式
①It can be inferred frm the passage that ________.
②What cnclusin can be drawn frm the passage?
③Frm the passage we can cnclude that ________.
④The attitude f the authr twards smebdy/smething is ________.
⑤The authr's attitude twards be best described as ________.
⑥The tne f this passage is best described as _______.
⑦What des the authr mst likely want t tell us?
⑧What can we learn abut the authr sn after he mved t Lndn?
词句猜测题
1.词(短语)义猜测题
★解题方略
①依据构词法猜测词(短语)义——合成、派生、转化
②依据反义词和对比关系猜测词(短语)义——but / yet / hwever / nevertheless / while / whereas / therwise / r else / unlike / instead / rather than / by cntrast / cmpared t / n the cntrary / n the ther hand
③依据定义、解释或同位关系猜测词(短语)义——t be defined as / t be called / that is t be / t mean / t refer t / that is (t say) / in ther wrds / namely
④依据上下文猜测词(短语义)——因果关系、同位关系、对比关系、转折关系
设题方式
①Accrding t the passage, the wrd “…” prbably means _______.
②The underlined wrd “…” means _____.
③What des the wrd “…” mean in the secnd paragraph?
④Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the underlined part?
⑤As used in the passage, the phrase “…” suggests _______.
⑥The wrd... culd best be replaced by ________.
⑦The authr uses the wrd... t mean ________.
2.指代猜测题
★解题方略
①方法——宏观把握——充分把握代词指代所在的段落或前面段落的整体意义
微观入手——抓住关键词或关键句，理清逻辑关系
②人称代词——it, they, them, he, she等
③不定代词——smething, anything, smene, anyne等
④指示代词——this, that, these, thse等
设题方式
What d yu think the expressin “...” stands fr?
The wrd... culd best be replaced by ________.
In the... paragraph, the wrd... means (refers t) ________.
Accrding t the passage，... prbably means ________.
主旨大意题
1. 归纳文章标题
★解题方略
①方法——中心句法——根据文章中心句，提炼主题词充当文章标题
1=1——当文章的写作对象特点较多时，常用写作对象的名称充当文章的题目
1+1=1将文章的写作对象和其主要特点、意义或影响整合充当文章的题目
②特点——概括性——抽象、准确、简短，常用一个短语或一句话
针对性——标题外延恰当，与文章内容相符，避免以偏概全
醒目性——新颖奇特，激发读者的阅读兴趣
设题方式
①The best title/headline fr this passage might be ________.
②The text/passage culd be entitled ________.
③What is the best title fr the passage?
④Which f the fllwing wuld be suitable as a title fr the passage?
⑤Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
⑥What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
⑦The mst apprpriate title f the passage is ________.
⑧What is the main theme f the passage?
2.概括文章大意(主旨大意)
★解题方略
①借助段落主题句归纳——常见位置——段首、段中、段末
②借助文章主题段归纳——常见位置——首段(新闻报道、议论文、说明文)、末段(记叙文、议论文)
③借助主题词归纳——抓住文中出现频率较高的主题词，然后对其进行概括和归纳，确定文章的主旨大意
设题方式
This passage chiefly deals with/is mainly cncerned abut ________.
②What's the tpic f the article?
③What is the subject discussed in the text?
④With what tpic is the passage chiefly cncerned?
⑤What's the main idea/pint f the passage?
⑥The subject discussed in this text is ________.
⑦Frm the passage we knw that ________.
⑧Which f the fllwing best states the main idea f the passage?
⑨Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea/theme f the passage?
⑩In this passage the authr discusses primarily ________.
The general/main idea f the passage is abut ________.
3. 段落大意题
★解题方略
方法1：概括段落大意
要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。如该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。
方法2：揣摩段落大意
有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者，这就需要读者充分发挥想象力与判断力，揣摩段落大意。
设题方式
①What des the authr tell us in Paragraph
②The main idea f the secnd paragraph prbably is ______.
③The first paragraph is mainly abut ________.
④Which f the fllwing can best summarize Para.1?
4.篇章结构题
★解题方略
(1)段落(篇章)论证方式——按照事物发展的顺序、按照事件的先后顺序、按照人物的活动内容、按照地点和空间的变换
(2)四步解题法——
①抓文章中心句——重视文章首段和末段
②抓段落中心句——重视段落首句和尾句
③看段间逻辑关系——总分式结构：总——分；总——分——总；分——总对照式结构——一正一反并列式结构——平行关系，相对独立
④对比选项定答案
设题方式
①Which f the fllwing shws the develpment f ideas in this passage?
②Which f the fllwing shws the structure/rganizatin f the passage?
③The secnd paragraph is develped by?
④The passage is mainly develped/rganized by _______?
⑤Hw des the authr develp the passage?

阅读理解
Passage 1
(2023上·湖北武汉·高二校考阶段练习)Mark Twain left schl when he was twelve. He had little schl educatin. In spite f this, he became the mst famus writer f his time. He made millins f dllars by writing. His real name was Samuel Langhrne Clemens, but he is better knwn all ver the wrld as Mark Twain, his pen name.
Mark Twain was brn in 1835 and he was nt a healthy baby. In fact, he was nt expected t live thrugh the first winter. But with his mther’s tender care, he managed t survive. As a by, he caused much truble fr his parents. He used t play jkes n all f his friends and neighburs. He didn’t like t g t schl, and he cnstantly ran away frm hme. He always went in the directin f the nearby Mississippi River. He was nearly drwned nine times.
After his father’s death in 1847, Mark Twain began t wrk fr a printer, wh nly prvided him with fd and clthing. Then, he wrked as a printer, a river-bat pilt and later jined the army. But shrtly after that he became a miner. During this perid, he started t write shrt stries. Afterwards he became a full-time writer.
In 1870, Mark Twain gt married. In the years that fllwed he wrte many bks including Tm Sawyer in 1876, and Huckleberry Finn in 1884, which made him famus, and brught him a great frtune.
Unfrtunately, Mark Twain gt int debts in bad investments(投资) and he had t write large numbers f stries t pay these debts. In 1904, his wife died, and then three f their children passed away.
At the age f 70, his hair was cmpletely white. He bught many white suits and neckties. He wre nthing but white frm head t ft until his death n April 21, 1910.
1. Mark Twain left schl at 12 t________.
A. wrk as a minerB. write striesC. jin the armyD. make a living
2. Which f the fllwing abut Mark Twain is NOT true?
A. He was nt a healthy by.B. He caused much truble fr his parents.
C. He gained lts f mney by writing.D. He had a happy childhd but a sad later life.
3. ________brught him fame and lts f mney.
A. His wrksB. His investments
C. His printingD. His family
4. The best title f this passage is________.
A. Mark Twain’s WrksB. Mark Twain’s Life
C. Mark Twain’s FameD. Mark Twain’s Success
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 4. B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了马克·吐温的生平事迹和所取得的成就。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Mark Twain was brn in 1835 and he was nt a healthy baby.(马克·吐温出生于1835年，他不是一个健康的婴儿。)”和文章第三段“After his father’s death in 1847, Mark Twain began t wrk fr a printer, wh nly prvided him with fd and clthing.(在他父亲1847年去世后，马克·吐温开始在一家印刷公司工作，这家公司只给他提供食物和衣服。)”可知，马克·吐温在12岁离开学校是为了谋生。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Mark Twain was brn in 1835 and he was nt a healthy baby. In fact, he was nt expected t live thrugh the first winter.(马克·吐温出生于1835年，他不是一个健康的婴儿。事实上，人们认为他活不过第一个冬天。)”和“He always went in the directin f the nearby Mississippi River. He was nearly drwned nine times.(他总是朝附近密西西比河的方向走去。他有九次差点被淹死。)”和文章第三段“After his father’s death in 1847, Mark Twain began t wrk fr a printer, wh nly prvided him with fd and clthing. Then, he wrked as a printer, a river-bat pilt and later jined the army. But shrtly after that he became a miner (在他父亲1847年去世后，马克·吐温开始在一家印刷公司工作，这家公司只给他提供食物和衣服。然后，他做过印刷工、河船领航员，后来参军。但不久之后，他成为了一名矿工。)”可知，马克·吐温儿时患病，父亲早逝，为了生计做工，可见他的童年并不快乐、幸福。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In the years that fllwed he wrte many bks including Tm Sawyer in 1876, and Huckleberry Finn in 1884, which made him famus, and brught him a great frtune.(在接下来的几年里，他写了许多书，包括1876年的《汤姆·索亚历险记》和1884年的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》，这些书使他出名，并给他带来了巨大的财富。)”可知，他的作品给他带来声誉和财富。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了马克·吐温的生平事迹和所取得的成就。由此可知，B项：Mark Twain’s Life(马克·吐温的生平)是最好的标题。故选B。
Passage 2
(2023上·浙江嘉兴·高二校考阶段练习)Digital Etiquette(礼节), r netiquette, is a set f rules fr hw t behave nline. It’s a lt like life etiquette, which is basically having gd manners and treating thers with respect. It’s just as imprtant in ur digital lives, including hw we act in nline games r hw we cmmunicate in emails, texts, instant messages and n scial netwrking websites. All f these platfrms let us talk and share instantly wherever we are.
Unfrtunately, sme peple can lse cntrl the mment they jump nline. When they disagree with smene, r have strng feelings abut a tpic, they end up saying stuff they’d never say in persn! They may send ruder emails and IMs r try t start arguments n message bards. That’s called flaming, and it can lead t full-n flame wars, insulting arguments between tw r mre users. On the Internet, it’s pretty easy t stay annymus, r unidentified. Having a secret identity t hide behind can make peple pretty brave. And when all they see f yu is screen name r a funny icn, they might frget that they’re dealing with a real human being!
The principle is simple: Just like in real life, yu shuld treat ther peple the way yu want t be treated. Yu wuldn’t want smebdy t be rude t yu, s dn’t be rude t anyne else.
Of curse, netiquette isn’t just abut being nice; it’s als abut cmmunicating clearly. That means keeping emails and IMs clear, and t the pint. It als means making yur messages easy t read and understand, which can depend n yur audience. Fr instance, sme abbreviatins(缩略词)and emticns may be fine with friends. But they’re generally nt apprpriate in frmal cmmunicatin. And whatever yu d, dn’t write in all capital letters! Writing in all caps makes it seem like yu’re yelling.
Lastly, never pst anything abut yur friends n a blg r a scial netwrking site unless yu are allwed t. Peple’s persnal infrmatin is private, and yu can really ruin relatinships if yu pst smething that a friend r a friend’s parents dn’t want n the web. And keep in mind that the Internet is nt a private place; if yu wuldn’t want a parent, teacher r future emplyer t see smething yu pst, dn’t pst it!
5. Accrding t the passage, the users f scial media are advised ________.
A. t cause arguments n message bards
B. t apply abbreviatins and emticns as many as pssible
C. t be respectful f thers nline rather than ffline
D. t behave nline with cmmn etiquette
6. Why might an annymus Internet user feel bld enugh t say hrrible things in respnse t a blg pst?
A. Because he can insult thers withut wrrying abut revenge
B. Because he knws his friends will recgnize him and think better f him.
C. Because he can make mre friends if he says mean things. .
D. Because he can impress lder, smarter peple with his remarks.
7. Which f the fllwing is the best way t text yur uncle t say yu’ll be back in an hur?
A. b there in 60, cu 18r!B. BE THERE IN AN HOUR. SEE YOU LATER!
C. I’ll be hme in an hur. See yu later!D. im running late be there in an hur!
8. Which f the fllwing is a clear rule abut psting phts nline?
A. If yu take a phtgraph, yu can d whatever yu like abut it.
B. Infrmatin abut yur friends, including phtgraphs, is private.
C. It’s illegal t pst pictures nline if peple in the pictures dn’t like it.
D. Yu shuld always avid psting images n the internet.
【答案】5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讨论了在社交媒体上如何保持网络礼仪。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“Digital Etiquette, r netiquette, is a set f rules fr hw t behave nline. It’s a lt like life etiquette, which is basically having gd manners and treating thers with respect.”(数字礼仪，或网络礼仪，是一套关于如何在网上表现的规则。这很像生活礼仪，基本上就是要有礼貌，尊重他人。)及第三段第一句“The principle is simple: Just like in real life, yu shuld treat ther peple the way yu want t be treated.”(原则很简单：就像在现实生活中一样，你应该以你希望被对待的方式对待别人。)可知，在社交媒体上，用户也应该遵守通常的礼仪规则。故选D项。
6. 推理判断题。根据第二段后三句“On the Internet, it’s pretty easy t stay annymus, r unidentified. Having a secret identity t hide behind can make peple pretty brave. And when all they see f yu is screen name r a funny icn, they might frget that they’re dealing with a real human being!”(在互联网上，保持匿名或身份不明是很容易的。拥有一个可以隐藏的秘密身份可以让人变得非常勇敢。当他们看到的只是你的网名或一个有趣的图标时，他们可能会忘记他们在和一个真实的人打交道!)可知，在互联网上人们可以隐藏身份，肆意发表评论而不用担心被发现。因此一个匿名的互联网用户有足够的胆量说出可怕的话来回应一篇博客文章是因为他可以侮辱别人而不用担心报复，故选A项。
7. 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“That means keeping emails and IMs clear, and t the pint.”(这意味着邮件和即时通讯要清晰明了，切中要害。)及后四句“Fr instance, sme abbreviatins and emticns may be fine with friends. But they’re generally nt apprpriate in frmal cmmunicatin. And whatever yu d, dn’t write in all capital letters! Writing in all caps makes it seem like yu’re yelling.”(例如，一些缩写和表情符号对朋友来说可能没问题。但它们通常不适合在正式交流中使用。不管你做什么，不要全用大写字母!用大写字母写会让人觉得你在大喊大叫。)可知，在给叔叔留信时，要避免使用缩略语，避免全部使用大写字母，还应该清晰易懂。故选C项。
8. 细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句“Lastly, never pst anything abut yur friends n a blg r a scial netwrking site unless yu are allwed t. Peple’s persnal infrmatin is private, and yu can really ruin relatinships if yu pst smething that a friend r a friend’s parents dn’t want n the web.”(最后，除非你被允许，否则不要在博客或社交网站上发布任何关于你朋友的事情。人们的个人信息是隐私的，如果你在网上发布了朋友或朋友的父母不希望看到的东西，你真的会破坏人际关系。)可知，你朋友的信息，包括照片，都是隐私，不能随意发布。故选B项。
Passage 3
(2023上·福建泉州·高二校考阶段练习)Yung peple’s career expectatins have becme mre cncentrated in fewer ccupatins ver the past tw decades thugh scial media and technlgies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) are develping rapidly, accrding t a reprt frm the Organizatin fr Ecnmic C-peratin and Develpment (OECD). Traditinal ccupatins frm the 19th and 20th centuries, such as lawyers and plice fficers, cntinue t trap the imaginatins f yung peple arund the wrld as they did nearly 20 years ag.
The reprt, based n a latest survey f the 15-year-lds in 41 cuntries, said the career expectatins f yungsters may be “antiquated and unrealistic”. Nearly half f yung peple arund the wrld wish t wrk in just 10 f the mst cmmn prfessins. The surveys shw that t many teenagers are ignring, r dn’t knw, new types f jbs that are cming up, particularly as a result f digitalizatin(数字化). It is a cncern that mre yung peple than befre appear t be picking their dream jb frm a small list f the mst ppular, traditinal ccupatins, like teachers, lawyers r business managers.
The reprt fund that amng bys and girls wh perfrm similarly in science, bys are mre likely t expect t wrk in science and engineering. The tp 10 ccupatins preferred by bys have changed very little since 2000 but girls are nw mre likely t want t be architects, plice fficers, and designers rather than hairdressers r writers.
The reprt als fund a brader range f career expectatins in cuntries with strng and firm ccupatinal training fr teenagers. Fr example, in Germany teenagers shw a much wider range f career interests that better reflect patterns f labur market demands. Mre than a third f students in the UK reprt a lack f career advice at schls and clleges. Yung peple’s wishes are set as yung as age seven, and d nt change enugh ver time t meet demands.
9. What are the career expectatins amng yung peple like accrding t the reprt?
A. Outdated.B. Uncertain.C. Purpseful.D. Demanding.
10. Hw des the authr feel abut the yung’s jb interest?
A. Puzzled.B. Surprised.C. Satisfied.D. Wrried.
11. What measure can widen career interests f the yuth?
A. Strengthening the vcatinal training fr teenagers.
B. Offering mre new types f ccupatins with high pay.
C. Advertising new types f ccupatins n scial media.
D. Enriching the ccupatin imaginatins f yung peple.
12. What is the passage mainly talking abut?
A. New ccupatins fr yung peple.B. Yung peple’s career expectatins.
C. The ccupatinal training fr the yung.D. The difficult demands in labur market.
【答案】9. A 10. D 11. A 12. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项针对年轻人的职业期望的报告显示年轻人的职业期望存在越来越窄的问题，同时呈现了该期望在性别、国别上的差异，并建议通过加强职业培训拓宽年轻人的职业兴趣。
9. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The reprt, based n a latest survey f the 15-year-lds in 41 cuntries, said the career expectatins f yungsters may be “antiquated and unrealistic”. (这份基于对41个国家15岁青少年的最新调查的报告称，年轻人的职业期望可能“过时且不现实”)”可知，年轻人的职业期望已经过时了。故选A项。
10. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is a cncern that mre yung peple than befre appear t be picking their dream jb frm a small list f the mst ppular, traditinal ccupatins, like teachers, lawyers r business managers. (令人担忧的是，越来越多的年轻人似乎从教师、律师或商业经理等少数最受欢迎的传统职业中挑选自己的理想职业)”可知，年轻人只对少数最受欢迎的传统职业感兴趣，这让作者感到担心。故选D项。
11. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The reprt als fund a brader range f career expectatins in cuntries with strng and firm ccupatinal training fr teenagers. Fr example, in Germany teenagers shw a much wider range f career interests that better reflect patterns f labur market demands. (该报告还发现，在对青少年进行强有力的职业培训的国家，青少年的职业期望范围更广。例如，在德国，青少年表现出更广泛的职业兴趣，这更好地反映了劳动力市场需求的模式)”可知，在像德国这样对青少年进行职业培训的国家，年轻人的职业期望范围更广。由此可知，加强对青少年的职业培训可以拓宽青少年的职业兴趣。故选A项。
12. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Yung peple’s career expectatins have becme mre cncentrated in fewer ccupatins ver the past tw decades thugh scial media and technlgies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) are develping rapidly, accrding t a reprt frm the Organizatin fr Ecnmic C-peratin and Develpment (OECD). (经济合作与发展组织OECD的一份报告显示，尽管社交媒体和人工智能等技术发展迅速，但在过去20年里，年轻人的职业期望越来越集中在更少的职业上)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项针对年轻人的职业期望的报告，该报告主要显示出年轻人的职业期望存在越来越窄的问题，也呈现了该期望在性别、国别上的差异，并建议通过加强职业培训拓宽年轻人的职业兴趣。因此，文章的主要内容是年轻人的职业期望。故选B项。
Passage 4
(2023上·山东潍坊·高二山东省安丘市第一中学校考阶段练习)Mre than 3,400 years after tw ancient Egyptians were laid t rest, the jars f fd left still smell sweet. A team f analytical chemists and archaelgists(考古学家) has analysed these smells t help identify the jars’ cntents. The study shws hw the explratin f smell can enrich ur understanding f the past.
The 1906 discvery f the undisturbed tmb(墓穴) f Kha and Merit symblized an imprtant stage in Egyptlgy. The tmb remains the mst cmplete nn-ryal ancient ne ever fund in Egypt, shwing imprtant infrmatin abut hw high-ranking individuals were treated after death.
Unusually fr the time, the archaelgist wh discvered the tmb resisted the temptatin t pen the sealed cntainers even after they were sent t the Egyptian Museum. The cntents f many f these cntainers are still unknwn, althugh there are sme clues, says analytical chemist Ilaria Degan. “Frm taking with the museum keeper we knew there were sme fruity smells in the display cases,” she says.
Degan and her clleagues placed varius artefacts(人工制品) inside plastic bags fr several days t cllect sme f the chemical substances they released. Then the team used a special machine t identify the cmpnents f the smells frm each artefact. They fund sme chemicals assciated with dried fish, and sme chemicals cmmn in fruits. The findings will feed int a larger prject t reanalyse the tmb’s cntents and prduce a mre cmprehensive picture f burial custms fr nn-ryals that existed when Kha and Merit died, abut 70 years befre Tutankhamun became the Egyptian ruler.
Aside frm shwing mre abut past civilizatins, ancient smells culd make museum visits mre inviting. Usually, peple admire exhibits with their eyes in museums. “Smell is a relatively unexplred gateway t the cllective past fr museum visitrs,” says Cecilia Bembibre at University Cllege Lndn. “It has the ptent alt allw us t experience the in a mre emtinal, persnal way, thrugh ur nse.”
13. What can we describe the 1906 discvery f Kha and Merit’ tmb as?
A. A landmark in Egyptlgy.B. A turning pint in human histry.
C. A breakthrugh in archaelgy.D. A mirrr f ancient nn-ryal life.
14. What des the underlined wrd “temptatin” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Pressure.B. Ambitin.C. Desire.D. Tendency.
15. Degan and her clleagues placed things inside plastic bags t .
A. prtect them frm harmB. gather their smells
C. test the special machineD. back up a larger prject
16. What can the ancient smells d fr museum visitrs accrding t Bembibre?
A. They bring them back t the past.
B. They give them emtinal supprt.
C. They change their view n civilizatins.
D. They add t their experience.
【答案】13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项对埃及古墓食物罐的研究，研究表明，对气味的探索可以丰富我们对过去的理解。
13. 细节判断题。根据第二段中“The 1906 discvery f the undisturbed tmb (墓穴) f Kha and Merit symblized an imprtant stage in Egyptlgy. (1906年发现的未被破坏的Kha和Merit墓标志着埃及学的一个重要阶段)”可知，1906年Kha和Merit墓的发现是埃及学的里程碑。故选A项。
14. 词句猜测题。划线词句后文“The cntents f many f these cntainers are still unknwn, althugh there are sme clues, says analytical chemist Ilaria Degan. (分析化学家Ilaria Degan说，尽管有一些线索，但许多容器的内容物仍然未知)”说明许多容器没有被打开，不知道里面的内容，从而推知划线词句“Unusually fr the time, the archaelgist wh discvered the tmb resisted the temptatin t pen the sealed cntainers even after they were sent t the Egyptian Museum. (在当时不同寻常的是，发现陵墓的考古学家抵制住了打开密封容器的temptatin，即使这些容器已经被送往埃及博物馆)”其中划线词汇意思是“想法，欲望”。故选C项。
15. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Degan and her clleagues placed varius artefacts (人工制品) inside plastic bags fr several days t cllect sme f the chemical substances they released. Then the team used a special machine t identify the cmpnents f the smells frm each artefact. (Degan和她的同事们把各种各样的文物放在塑料袋里几天，收集它们释放的一些化学物质。然后，该团队使用一种特殊的机器来识别每个人工制品的气味成分)”可知，Degan和她的同事们把东西放在塑料袋里是为了收集它们的气味。故选B项。
16. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Bembibre所说“Smell is a relatively unexplred gateway t the cllective past fr museum visitrs. (对于博物馆游客来说，嗅觉是通往集体过去的一扇相对未被探索的大门)”以及“It has the ptent alt allw us t experience the in a mre emtinal, persnal way, thrugh ur nse.(它有强大的中音，让我们通过鼻子以一种更感性、更个人的方式体验世界)”可推知，古老的气味有增加博物馆游客体验的作用。故选D项。
Passage 5
(2023上·山东·高二校联考阶段练习)Millins f Britns are unaware what nutrients they need fr a healthy bdy, with a fifth believing vitamin C’s main rle is t make yu mre intelligent.
A study f 2,000 adults revealed 37% are unsure f what vitamins their families need, while 35% admit they dn’t really knw what different nutrients actually d. Nearly a third dn’t cnsider vitamin C t be essential fr a healthy bdy, with less than half aware that it helps t keep skin healthy, while 33% are unaware f the imprtance f vitamin D, and the same number think yu culd get it simply by eating rganic fruit r vegetable grwn in a sunny cuntry. As a result, 45% dn’t think they are getting all the vitamins and minerals they need frm their diets. It als fund that nly half f parents are cnfident they knw the nutrients their children shuld be cnsuming.
Mikelle McCin, Cnsultant Dietitian at the Gladstne Institute f Cardivascular Disease, said, “Humans need different vitamins and minerals fr their bdy t cntinue t functin healthily, but these can vary depending n yur age. Children knwn as picky eaters may benefit frm a mre cmprehensive vitamin supplement which includes irn and B vitamins, as these are particularly imprtant fr grwth and develpment. And when they are at schl age, brain functin and immunity are the mst imprtant fr parents. As they grw int teenagers, their nutritinal needs are high as they hit grwth and adlescence. But even as an adult, the cmpnents f yur needs can change—especially during pregnancy r as yu reach middle age r ld age.”
The study als fund less than half f thse surveyed cnsider magnesium t be an imprtant nutrient, with nly 40 percent aware that spinach(菠菜) is a gd fd t cnsume t bst intake. And althugh a quarter view cpper as essential, just 29% are aware part f its rle is t prduce red and white bld cells.
17. Which is crrect accrding t the secnd paragraph?
A. Half f adults dn’t knw the imprtance f vitamin C.
B. Abut ne third f the adults think vitamin D is essential.
C. Mst parents knw hw t guarantee their kids’ nutritinal intake.
D. All adults dn’t knw what vitamins are necessary fr their families.
18. What d Mikelle McCin’s wrds mean?
A. Pregnant wmen need the mst nutrients.
B. Vitamin and mineral requirements are the same fr all.
C. Peple shuld guarantee suitable nutrients at varius phases.
D. Cmprehensive vitamin supplements are vital fr the middle age r ld.
19. Hw des the authr feel abut the utcme?
A. Cnfused.B. Uncertain.C. Indifferent.D. Disappinted.
20. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T reveal British dietary habits.
B. T intrduce sme study findings.
C. T encurage rganic fd cnsumptin.
D. T shw ways f bsting nutrients’ intake.
【答案】17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了数百万英国人不知道健康的身体需要哪些营养素，五分之一的人认为维生素C的主要作用是让人更聪明。
17. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A study f 2,000 adults revealed 37% are unsure f what vitamins their families need, while 35% admit they dn’t really knw what different nutrients actually d. Nearly a third dn’t cnsider vitamin C t be essential fr a healthy bdy(一项针对2000名成年人的研究显示，37%的人不确定他们的家人需要什么维生素，35%的人承认他们不知道不同的营养素到底有什么作用。近三分之一的人不认为维生素C是健康身体所必需的)”可知，调查的结果显示，并不是所有的成年人都知道他们的家庭需要哪些维生素。故选D。
18. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Humans need different vitamins and minerals fr their bdy t cntinue t functin healthily, but these can vary depending n yur age.(人类需要不同的维生素和矿物质来保持身体的健康，但这些会随着你的年龄而变化)”可知，人们应该在不同的阶段保证适当的营养。故选C。
19. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The study als fund less than half f thse surveyed cnsider magnesium t be an imprtant nutrient, with nly 40 percent aware that spinach(菠菜) is a gd fd t cnsume t bst intake. And althugh a quarter view cpper as essential, just 29% are aware part f its rle is t prduce red and white bld cells.(研究还发现，不到一半的受访者认为镁是一种重要的营养物质，只有40%的人知道菠菜是一种可以增加镁摄入量的好食物。尽管四分之一的人认为铜是必不可少的，但只有29%的人知道铜的部分作用是产生红细胞和白细胞。)”可知，结果显示，只有40%的人知道菠菜是一种可以增加镁摄入量的好食物和只有29%的人知道铜的部分作用是产生红细胞和白细胞。作者对于研究的结果是失望的。故选D。
20. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“A study f 2,000 adults revealed 37% are unsure f what vitamins their families need, while 35% admit they dn’t really knw what different nutrients actually d. Nearly a third dn’t cnsider vitamin C t be essential fr a healthy bdy(一项针对2000名成年人的研究显示，37%的人不确定他们的家人需要什么维生素，35%的人承认他们不知道不同的营养素到底有什么作用。近三分之一的人不认为维生素C是健康身体所必需的)”可知，以及文章最后一段“The study als fund less than half f thse surveyed cnsider magnesium t be an imprtant nutrient, with nly 40 percent aware that spinach(菠菜) is a gd fd t cnsume t bst intake. And althugh a quarter view cpper as essential, just 29% are aware part f its rle is t prduce red and white bld cells.(研究还发现，不到一半的受访者认为镁是一种重要的营养物质，只有40%的人知道菠菜是一种可以增加镁摄入量的好食物。尽管四分之一的人认为铜是必不可少的，但只有29%的人知道铜的部分作用是产生红细胞和白细胞。)”可知，文章的目的是介绍一些研究结果。故选B。
Passage 6
(2023上·江苏苏州·高二校考阶段练习)When smene sets ut t imprve their health, they usually take a familiar path: starting a healthy diet, adpting a new wrkut plan, getting better sleep, r drinking mre water. Each f these behavirs is imprtant, f curse, but they all fcus n physical health and a grwing bdy f research suggests that scial health is just as, if nt mre, imprtant t verall well-being.
A recent study fund that the strength f a persn’s scial circle -- as measured by cell phne activity -- was a better predictr f self-reprted stress, happiness and well-being levels than fitness tracker data n physical activity, heart rate and sleep. That finding suggests that the “quantified self” presented by endless amunts f health data desn’t tell the whle stry, says study c-authr Nitesh Chawla.
“There’s a qualified self, which is wh I am, what my activities, my scial netwrk, my lifestyle, and my enjyment are. All f these aspects are nt reflected in any f these measurements,” Chawla says. “And they are strng determinants f my well-being.”
A 2019 study set ut t determine what’s driving thse high rates f lneliness and fund that scial media, when used s much that it ccupied face-t-face quality time, was tied t greater lneliness. Gender and incme didn’t seem t have a strng effect, but lneliness tended t decrease with age, perhaps because f the wisdm and perspective affrded by years f life lived, says Dr. Stuart Lustig, ne f the reprt’s authrs.
Lustig emphasizes that we shuld use technlgy “t seek ut meaningful cnnectins and peple that yu are able t keep in yur scial sphere(范围). It’s easy enugh t find grups such as Meetups, which regularly rganize ffline gatherings, prviding members with pprtunities t interact, share, and participate in varius activities in real life. Or thrugh scial media, yu can find places t g where yu’ll find flks ding what yu want t d.” That advice is particularly imprtant fr yung peple, he says, fr whm heavy scial media use is cmmn.
Finally, Lustig stresses that even small scial changes can have a large impact. Striking up pst-meeting cnversatins with c-wrkers, r even engaging in micr-interactins with strangers, can make yur scial life feel mre rewarding.
21. What is the authr’s purpse in writing paragraph 1?
A. T shw scial health is ignred by sme peple.
B. T shw scial peple like t d wrkuts with thers.
C. T prve many peple tend t fllw suit t imprve their health.
D. T prve mre and mre peple have benefited frm physical exercise.
22. What d we learn abut fitness tracker data accrding t paragraph 2?
A. They are ut f date.
B. They are nt scientific.
C. They can help realize the “qualified self”.
D. They cannt reflect ne’s verall health.
23. What did the 2019 study find?
A. Females feel happy mre easily than males.
B. Old peple felt lnelier than yung peple.
C. The veruse f scial media culd lead t lneliness.
D. Incme had a great influence n peple’s well-being.
24. What advice des Dr. Stuart Lustig give?
A. Aviding talking t strangers.
B. Using scial media as little as pssible.
C. Using technlgy fr meaningful interactins.
D. Spending mre time with like-minded yung peple.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了社会健康与身体健康同等重要。
21. 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Each f these behavirs is imprtant, f curse, but they all fcus n physical health and a grwing bdy f research suggests that scial health is just as, if nt mre, imprtant t verall well-being.”(当然，这些行为都很重要，但它们都关注身体健康，越来越多的研究表明，社会健康对整体健康同样重要，如果不是更重要的话。)可知，人们更多地关注身体健康，没有意识到社会健康的重要性。故选A项。
22. 细节理解题。根据第二段“A recent study fund that the strength f a persn’s scial circle -- as measured by cell phne activity -- was a better predictr f self-reprted stress, happiness and well-being levels than fitness tracker data n physical activity, heart rate and sleep. That finding suggests that the “quantified self” presented by endless amunts f health data desn’t tell the whle stry, says study c-authr Nitesh Chawla.”(最近的一项研究发现，一个人的社交圈的强度——通过手机活动来衡量——比健身追踪器的体力活动、心率和睡眠数据更能预测自我报告的压力、幸福和幸福水平。该研究的合著者Nitesh Chawla说，这一发现表明，由无数健康数据呈现的“量化自我”并不能说明问题的全部。)可知，健身追踪器数据并不能全面地反映健康问题。故选D项。
23. 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“A 2019 study set ut t determine what’s driving thse high rates f lneliness and fund that scial media, when used s much that it ccupied face-t-face quality time, was tied t greater lneliness.”(2019年的一项研究旨在确定是什么导致了如此高的孤独感，并发现社交媒体使用过多，占用了面对面的高质量时间，与更大的孤独感有关。)说明过度使用社交媒体可能会导致孤独。故选C项。
24. 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Lustig emphasizes that we shuld use technlgy “t seek ut meaningful cnnectins and peple that yu are able t keep in yur scial sphere”(Lustig强调，我们应该利用科技“寻找有意义的联系，以及在你的社交圈子里能够保持联系的人。)可知，Dr. Stuart Lustig认为我们应该利用科技进行有意义的互动。故选C项。
Passage 7
(2023上·江苏徐州·高二统考阶段练习)The San Francisc-based cmpany, called Living Carbn, has created pplar(杨树) trees that are genetically engineered(改变基因结构) t grw larger and suck up mre carbn dixide frm the atmsphere than standard trees d. In February, wrkers planted rws f these pplars in suthern Gergia. The cmpany intends t plant 4 t 5 millins trees by the middle f next year, which they say will help with the wrsening climate crisis.
When plants phtsynthesize(进行光合作用), they cnvert carbn int sugar and nutrients that are eventually cnsumed by all living rganisms. But they als prduce a harmful byprduct, which must be brken dwn during the energy-intensive prcess f phtrespiratin(光呼吸), said Yumin Ta, the cmpany’s vice president f bitechnlgy.
“This is nt nly wastes energy but als lses much fixed carbn in the frm f CO2, which gets released int the air again,” Ta added. “It’s a wasteful prcess many plants d.” Living Carbn has reduced phtrespiratin in its pplars, instead channeling the energy int grwth, he says.
The trees have three genes inserted t achieve this, including ne frm squash and ne frm green algae. But the cmpany has yet t shw its mdified trees can capture mre carbn in a real — wrld setting. Its nly publicly available data cmes frm a study in a greenhuse that lasted fr nly a few mnths and has yet t be peer reviewed. “Their claims seen bld based n very limited real-wrld data,” says Andrew Newhuse, a cnservatin bilgist at the SUNY Cllege f Envirnmental Science and Frestry.
Still, the study reprted the mdified pplars grew as much as 53% larger in five mnths cmpared t the unmdified nes, capturing 27% mre carbn dixide. Nw, the cmpany hpes its ther field trials in lcatins like Oregn and Pennsylvania will shw similar successes. It’s currently fcused n planting n private lands, where fewer radblcks exist.
“We specially fcus n land where trees therwise wuldn’t be planted, like abandned mine lands-areas where there isn’t an existing, rich ecsystem that’s allwing fr a large amunt f carbn remval right nw,” says Maddie Hall, Living Carbn’s CEO.
25. Why des the cmpany want t plant genetically mdified pplars?
A. T help with the wrsening climate crisis.
B. T better study them t gain mre accurate data.
C. T replace rdinary pplars with genetically mdified pplars.
D. T find suitable places fr genetically mdified pplars t grw.
26. What is Andrew Newhuse’s attitude t the cmpany’s findings?
A. Disapprving.B. Ambiguus.C. Skeptical.D. Supprtive.
27. What can we learn abut the genetically-engineered pplars?
A. They are very resistant t carbn.B. They have a grwth advantage.
C. They have tw genes inserted.D. They phtsynthesize even faster.
28. What is the best title fr the text?
A. A Cmpany Is Trying t Engineer Trees Genetically
B. Pplar Trees Might Be Planted All Arund the Wrld
C. Genetically Mdified Trees Are Taking Rt t capture Carbn
D. Research Is Being Cnducted t Use Trees t Remve CO2
【答案】25. A 26. C 27. B 28. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一家名为Living Carbn的公司培育出了转基因杨树，这种树会长得更大，吸收更多的二氧化碳，在佐治亚州南部，已经种植了数排这种杨树。
25. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The cmpany intends t plant 4 t 5 millins trees by the middle f next year, which they say will help with the wrsening climate crisis.(该公司打算在明年年中之前种植400万到500万棵树，他们说这将有助于应对日益恶化的气候危机)”可知，这家公司种植转基因杨树是为了帮助应对日益恶化的气候危机。故选A。
26. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Their claims seen bld based n very limited real-wrld data(他们的说法基于非常有限的真实世界数据)”可推知，安德鲁·纽豪斯对该公司的调查结果持怀疑态度。故选C。
27. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Still, the study reprted the mdified pplars grew as much as 53% larger in five mnths cmpared t the unmdified nes, capturing 27% mre carbn dixide.(尽管如此，该研究报告称，经过基因改造的杨树在5个月内比未经过基因改造的杨树长了53%，多吸收了27%的二氧化碳)”可知，基因工程杨树有增长优势。故选B。
28. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The San Francisc-based cmpany, called Living Carbn, has created pplar (杨树) trees that are genetically engineered (改变基因结构) t grw larger and suck up mre carbn dixide frm the atmsphere than standard trees d. In February, wrkers planted rws f these pplars in suthern Gergia. The cmpany intends t plant 4 t 5 millins trees by the middle f next year, which they say will help with the wrsening climate crisis.(这家总部位于旧金山的公司名为“活碳”，它培育出的杨树经过基因工程改造，比普通树木长得更大，从大气中吸收更多的二氧化碳。今年2月，工人们在佐治亚州南部种植了成排的白杨树。该公司打算在明年年中之前种植400万到500万棵树，他们说这将有助于应对日益恶化的气候危机)”结合文章主要说明了一家名为Living Carbn的公司培育出了转基因杨树，这种树会长得更大，吸收更多的二氧化碳，在佐治亚州南部，已经种植了数排这种杨树。由此可知，C选项“转基因树木正在生根以捕获碳”最符合文章标题。故选C。
Passage 8
(2023上·河北石家庄·高二校考阶段练习)The Battista family f New Yrk City was n vacatin in Ocean City, Maryland when their 2-year-ld Fisher went lst n July 4, 2020.
The Battistas immediately blanketed the area with missing psters, barraged(炮击) scial media, and even gt Fisher face-time n a lcal flating billbard(广告牌).
With n leads, the family decided t remain in the area fr an extended stay. They hired a tracker and even cnsulted with an “animal cmmunicatr” in hpes f tapping int Fisher’s whereabuts(行踪) — all t n avail.
The family als set up a find-fisher Facebk page, which quickly gathered 8,000 fllwers, and launched an nline fundraiser t raise awareness and help them in their effrts t bring their belved fur baby hme.
“Signs have been psted, and we’ve extended ur stay in Ocean City and arranged t bring in a prfessinal dg tracker, in additin t making cntinuus searching trips in a car, n ft, and n a bike,” Matthew Battista wrte.
On April 20, 2021, 290 days after Fisher made his unauthrized Independence Day exit, Baltimre City resident Wayne Hrn was repairing his mtrcycle when he nticed a stray(走失的) dg in the rad. When a friend f Hrn’s psted picture f the fund dg t Facebk, the respnses f “That’s Fisher!” came back faster than a bmerang(回旋镖).
Infrmed f the news, Elissa Battista recgnized Fisher immediately. “Frm the mment I saw the phts I knew it was him frm the markings and his little tngue sticking ut,” she psted t Facebk.
The reunin was quickly arranged. The Battistas had sme lcal friends pick him up frm the Hrns, and then Elissa made the five-hur trip t retrieve Fisher and bring him hme. Apart frm minr signs f pssible frstbite (冻伤), Fisher was in excellent shape.
29. What was described in detail in the text?
A. Battistas’ regret fr lsing their lved dg.
B. Online respnses t the Battistas’ request.
C. Different cmments n the tuching stry.
D. Effrts made t search fr the lst dg.
30. Hw did the Battistas find their lst dg?
A. Online viewers recgnized its phts psted nline.
B. One f family members discvered it in the rad.
C. Wayne Hrn sent it back shrtly after he fund it.
D. A prfessinal dg tracker brught it back sn.
31. What des the underlined wrd “retrieve” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A. Break dwn.B. Take apart.C. Pay back.D. Get back.
32. What message is the text intended t cnvey?
A. Chance favrs the prepared mind.B. Lyalty always cmes first.
C. Never giving up pays ff.D. Misfrtune may be an actual blessing.
【答案】29. D 30. A 31. D 32. C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Battista夫妇在狗狗Fisher丢失后坚持不放弃地寻找的故事，他们的不放弃最终得到了回应——他们心爱的狗被找回来了。
29. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The Battistas immediately blanketed the area with missing psters, barraged (炮击) scial media, and even gt Fisher face-time n a lcal flating billbard (广告牌).(Battistas夫妇立即在该地区贴满了失踪的海报，在社交媒体上大肆攻击，甚至让Fisher在当地的一个浮动广告牌上露面)”、第三段中“They hired a tracker and even cnsulted with an “animal cmmunicatr” in hpes f tapping int Fisher’s whereabuts (行踪)(他们雇了一个追踪者，甚至咨询了一个“动物通讯员”，希望能追踪到费舍尔的下落)”和第四段中“The family als set up a find-fisher Facebk page, which quickly gathered 8,000 fllwers, and launched an nline fundraiser t raise awareness and help them in their effrts t bring their belved fur baby hme.(这家人还在Facebk上建立了一个‘寻找fisher’的页面，很快就吸引了8000名粉丝，并发起了一项在线筹款活动，以提高人们的意识，帮助他们把心爱的毛绒宝宝带回家)”可知，文章详细描述了夫妻两为寻找丢失的狗作出的努力，故选D。
30. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“On April 20, 2021, 290 days after Fisher made his unauthrized Independence Day exit, Baltimre City resident Wayne Hrn was repairing his mtrcycle when he nticed a stray (走失的) dg in the rad. When a friend f Hrn’s psted picture f the fund dg t Facebk, the respnses f ‘That’s Fisher!’ came back faster than a bmerang (回旋镖).(2021年4月20日，也就是Fisher未经授权离开独立日290天后，巴尔的摩市居民Wayne Hrn正在修理他的摩托车，突然发现路上有一只流浪狗。当Hrn的一个朋友在Facebk上发布了这只发现的狗的照片时，网友们的反应是‘那是Fisher！’的回复比回旋镖还快)”可知，Hrn的一个朋友在Facebk上发布了这只发现的狗的照片，网友们在社交媒体上认出了这就是丢失的狗狗Fisher。故选A。
31. 词句猜测题。根据划线词前“The Battistas had sme lcal friends pick him up frm the Hrns(Battistas夫妇让当地的朋友把他从Hrn家接走)”以及后面“and bring him hme(带他回家)”可知， 此处指“Battistas夫妇让当地的朋友把他从Hrn家接走，然后Elissa花了五个小时去接回Fisher并带他回家”，retrieve意为“带回，取回”，故选D。
32. 推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其第二段“The Battistas immediately blanketed the area with missing psters, barraged (炮击) scial media, and even gt Fisher face-time n a lcal flating billbard(广告牌).(Battistas夫妇立即在该地区贴满了失踪的海报，在社交媒体上大肆攻击，甚至让Fisher在当地的一个浮动广告牌上露面)”和倒数第三段“On April 20, 2021, 290 days after Fisher made his unauthrized Independence Day exit, Baltimre City resident Wayne Hrn was repairing his mtrcycle when he nticed a stray (走失的) dg in the rad. When a friend f Hrn’s psted picture f the fund dg t Facebk, the respnses f ‘That’s Fisher!’ came back faster than a bmerang (回旋镖).(2021年4月20日，也就是Fisher未经授权离开美国独立日290天后，巴尔的摩市居民Wayne Hrn正在修理他的摩托车，突然发现路上有一只流浪狗。当Hrn的一个朋友在Facebk上发布了这只发现的狗的照片时，网友们的反应是‘那是Fisher！’的回复比回旋镖还快)”可知，文章主要讲述Battista夫妇在狗狗Fisher丢失后坚持不放弃地寻找的故事，他们的不放弃最终得到了回应——他们心爱的狗被找回来了。由此可推断，本文最想传达的一个信息是：坚持不懈就会有所回报。故选C。
Passage 9
(2023上·湖南永州·高二永州市第一中学校考阶段练习)It is well knwn that the American Suthwest, naturally ht and dry, is seriusly shrt f water. A new study that reveals climate change is ging t dry ut the regin even further is painting a serius picture f the future.
Accrding t the study, glbal warming culd increase the lng-term water shrtfall t the 1, 815 billin cubic metres by adding anther 439 millin cubic metres f water. Based n the price f adding reservir(水库) capacities in Califrnia, meeting basic water shrtages culd cst $ 549 billin if climate change is factred in. Higher water prices wuld make the adaptatin even mre expensive if n water culd be fund at all in the drier future.
But even beynd the mere cst f creating mre reservirs, there’s n denying the fact that a htter, drier Suthwest will demand mre and mre energy fr cling. There’s anther fact that climate change will make cities in states like Nevada and New Mexic far less sustainable than they already are. There’s als the fact that a warmer climate will have a lng-lasting impact n the regin’s ecsystem. Previus study has nted that climate change may cnvert the American Suthwest int a permanent desert.
It’s certainly pssible that it will be t expensive t build reservirs fr sme suburbs and cmmunities and we culd see an exdus(大批人同时离开) frm the regin; but that’s almst suitable t change, because cmmunities pay fr the extremely inefficient prcesses f pumping in water frm ut f the states.
33. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Climate Change Will Make Water Shrtage Wrser
B. American Suthwest Is Shrt f Water
C. Califrnia Cuncil Pays Attentin t Water Shrtages
D. Water Shrtages Lead Experts t Predict Water Shrtfall
34. What is the authr’s attitude twards the situatin f the American Suthwest?
A. IndifferentB. Critical.C. Sympathetic.D. Wrried.
35. What can we infer frm the third paragraph?
A. The situatins f Nevada and New Mexic are nt bad yet.
B. Peple shuld cl the climate immediately.
C. There’s a relatinship between climate change and ecsystem.
D. The energy requirements needed fr cling will nt make water shrtage wrse.
36. Which f the fllwing is NOT true?
A. The high price f building reservirs is making the situatin wrse.
B. Glbal warming culd increase the lng-term water shrtfall t 1,815 billin cubic metres.
C. Ppulatin grwth is the main reasn fr water shrtages.
D. The American Suthwest may becme a desert ne day.
【答案】33. A 34. D 35. C 36. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述美国西南部本身炎热干燥，严重缺水，一项新的研究表明，气候变化将使该地区进一步干旱，未来形势严峻。
33. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A new study that reveals climate change is ging t dry ut the regin even further is painting a serius picture f the future. (一项新的研究表明，气候变化将使该地区进一步干旱，这为未来描绘了一幅严峻的图景)”可知，文章主要讲述美国西南部严重缺水的问题，这里本身炎热干燥，严重缺水，一项新的研究表明，气候变化将使该地区进一步干旱，未来形势严峻。故选A。
34. 推理判断题。根据第一段“It is well knwn that the American Suthwest, naturally ht and dry, is seriusly shrt f water. A new study that reveals climate change is ging t dry ut the regin even further is painting a serius picture f the future. (众所周知，美国西南部自然炎热干燥，严重缺水。一项新的研究表明，气候变化将使该地区进一步干旱，这为未来描绘了一幅严峻的图景)”可知，美国西南部地区严重缺水，情况日益恶化，由此可知，作者是担忧的态度。故选D。
35. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“There’s anther fact that climate change will make cities in states like Nevada and New Mexic far less sustainable than they already are. There’s als the fact that a warmer climate will have a lng-lasting impact n the regin’s ecsystem. (还有一个事实是，气候变化将使内华达州和新墨西哥州等州的城市的可持续性大大降低。还有一个事实是，气候变暖将对该地区的生态系统产生长期影响)”可知，气候变化会影响生态系统，因此两者之间是有关系的。故选C。
36. 细节理解题。根据第一段“It is well knwn that the American Suthwest, naturally ht and dry, is seriusly shrt f water. A new study that reveals climate change is ging t dry ut the regin even further is painting a serius picture f the future. (众所周知，美国西南部自然炎热干燥，严重缺水。一项新的研究表明，气候变化将使该地区进一步干旱，这为未来描绘了一幅严峻的图景)”可知，气候变化将使该地区进一步干旱，并没说人口是缺水的主要因素，故C项“人口增长是水资源短缺的主要原因”错误。故选C。
Passage 10
(2023上·湖南长沙·高二长郡中学校考阶段练习)Have yu ever felt the urge t input critical financial infrmatin n a nt-s-familiar business’s website? Wuld yu dare t entrust yur credit card details r passwrds t ptentially unsafe trading platfrms?
Researchers frm the University f Vienna have tackled this dilemma by designing an uncnditinally secure system fr cnducting trade in such situatins. This slutin is “quantum(量子)-digital payments” which cmbines cryptgraphic(加密的) methds with the prperties f quantum light.
In tday’s payment ecsystem, custmers’ sensitive data is replaced by sets f randm numbers, and the uniqueness f each trade is secured by a classical cryptgraphic methd. Hwever, cmpanies with pwerful cmputatinal resurces can break these cdes and recver the custmers’ private data, and fr example, make payments in their name.
A research team led by prfessr Philip Walther frm the University f Vienna has shwn hw the quantum prperties f light can ensure security fr digital payments. In an experiment, the researchers demnstrated that each trade cannt be cpied. They replaced classical cryptgraphic techniques with a quantum prtcl(协议) using single phtns, a unit f energy. During the curse f a classical digital payment trade, the client shares a classical cde called cryptgram with his payment prvider. This cryptgram is then passed n between the custmer, businessmen, and payment prvider. In the demnstrated quantum prtcl this cryptgram is generated by having the payment prvider sending particularly prepared single phtns t the client.
The researchers successfully cnducted quantum-digital payments, cnnecting tw university buildings in dwntwn Vienna. Digital payments currently perate within a few secnds. “At present, ur prtcl takes a few minutes f quantum cmmunicatin t cmplete a trade. This is t guarantee security in the presence f nise and lsses,” says Philip Walther. “Hwever, these time limitatins are nly f technlgical nature. We will witness that quantum-digital payments reach practical perfrmance in the very near future.”
37. It can be inferred frm the first tw paragraphs that ______.
A. the secure system “quantum-digital payments” have slved all the digital payment trubles
B. peple have fear abut false infrmatin
C. peple are urged t rely n business s website
D. peple have cncern abut digital payment safety
38. What is a disadvantage f the present payment system?
A. The cnvenience f payment can’t be enjyed.B. Custmers’ private data may be leaked.
C. The uniqueness f trade can’t be ensured.D. Custmer payment chices are limited.
39. What des paragraph 4 mainly talk abut?
A. Hw digital payment prves safer.B. Hw quantum-digital payment wrks.
C. Why single phtns are necessary.D. What is imprtant fr nline trade.
40. What is Philip’s attitude twards quantum-digital payment?
A. Cnfident.B. Dubtful.C. Unclear.D. Cnservative.
【答案】37. D 38. B 39. B 40. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种解决平台交易安全问题的方案——“量子数字支付”。
37. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Have yu ever felt the urge t input critical financial infrmatin n a nt-s-familiar business’s website? Wuld yu dare t entrust yur credit card details r passwrds t ptentially unsafe trading platfrms?(你是否曾经想要在一个不太熟悉的企业网站上输入重要的财务信息？你敢把你的信用卡信息或密码委托给可能不安全的交易平台吗？)”可知，人们担忧电子支付的安全性。故选D。
38. 细节理解题。根据第三段“In tday’s payment ecsystem, custmers’ sensitive data is replaced by sets f randm numbers, and the uniqueness f each trade is secured by a classical cryptgraphic methd. Hwever, cmpanies with pwerful cmputatinal resurces can break these cdes and recver the custmers’ private data, and fr example, make payments in their name.(在当今的支付生态系统中，客户的敏感数据被一组随机数所取代，每笔交易的唯一性都由经典的加密方法来保证。然而，拥有强大计算资源的公司可以破解这些代码，恢复客户的私人数据，例如，以客户的名义付款)”可知，目前的支付系统的缺点是客户的私人数据可能被泄露。故选B。
39. 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“In an experiment, the researchers demnstrated that each trade cannt be cpied. They replaced classical crystallgraphic techniques with a quantum prtcl (协议) using single phtns, a unit f energy. (在一项实验中，研究人员证明了每种交易都是不可复制的。他们用一种使用单光子(一种能量单位)的量子协议取代了经典的晶体学技术)”以及“In the demnstrated quantum prtcl this cryptgram is generated by having the payment prvider sending particularly prepared single phtns t the client. (在演示的量子协议中，通过让支付提供者向客户端发送特别准备的单光子来生成该密码)”可知，本段主要讲了量子数字支付是如何工作的。故选B。
40. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“We will witness that quantum-digital payments reach practical perfrmance in the very near future. (我们将在不久的将来见证量子数字支付达到实际应用)”可知，Philip对量子数字支付的态度是有信心的。故选A。目录
新知导航：熟悉题型、掌握知识脉络
基础知识：知识点全面梳理，掌握必备
重点记忆：关键点快速记忆，提升能力
小试牛刀：考点剖析+过关检测，合理应用