猜想03 阅读理解常考易错20篇-2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期末常考题型突破+易错题（苏教版）

这是一份猜想03 阅读理解常考易错20篇-2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期末常考题型突破+易错题（苏教版），文件包含猜想03阅读理解常考易错20篇原卷版-高一英语上学期期末考点大串讲人教版docx、猜想03阅读理解常考易错20篇解析版-高一英语上学期期末考点大串讲人教版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共69页， 欢迎下载使用。

There’s n dubt that ftball is the glbal sprt. Thugh basketball, tennis, and ther sprts are ppular t, nthing cmes clse t ftball. Being played in every cuntry in the wrld, ftball prvides dzens f superstars. The numbers are greater when cmpared t any ther sprt, and this drives the ppularity f ftball up. Have yu ever wndered when the sprt started and became ppular?
Ftball has its rigin (起源) in China and has a histry f mre than 2,000 years. Hwever, mdern ftball riginally appeared in Britain in the 19th century. Flk ftball matches had been played befre in many cities and twns, but never n a prfessinal level.
Ftball became a winter sprt game played in different schls. The rules were carried ut by each schl, and this made it difficult fr players t play an fficial game with each ther. It all changed in 1849 at the University f Cambridge that invented a set f standard rules knwn as the Cambridge rules f ftball. Frm that mment, a new star sprt was brn.
By the early 20th century, ftball had spread all acrss Eurpe. In 1904, FIFA was set up. There are seven riginal members, including France, Denmark and Spain, FIFA became the gverning bdy fr many assciatins in Eurpe.
England’s internatinal success imprved the ppularity f the sprt in the cuntry. The league (联赛) in Britain was set up in 1992. Frm the 1990s, it became a truly impressive piece f ftball rganizatin, becming the wrld’s tp ftball league in the prcess.
Ftball is bviusly the mst ppular sprt in the wrld. It is impssible fr any ther sprt t take its place, especially with leagues spending billins f punds every year t stay in the fcus.
1．What is the authr’s purpse f writing paragraph 1?
A．T describe the level f ftball.
B．T intrduce the tpic f the text.
C．T debate the main idea f the text.
D．T intrduce famus ftball leagues.
2．Where did mdern ftball first start?
A．In China.B．In France.
C．In Britain.D．In Spain.
3．Why was it difficult t play an fficial game befre 1849?
A．The rules always changed.
B．There were n cmmn rules.
C．The seasn made players hard t win.
D．Officials made players misunderstand the rules.
4．Hw is the text mainly develped?
A．By time rder.B．By space rder.
C．By listing numbers.D．By giving examples.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了足球作为一项全球性运动有其历史渊源以及从足球的形成到现代足球的发展历程。
1．推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“Have yu ever wndered when the sprt started and became ppular?(你有没有想过这项运动是什么时候开始并流行起来的？)”可知，作者撰写第一段的目的是介绍文章的主题。故选B。
2．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Hwever, mdern ftball riginally appeared in Britain in the 19th century. (然而，现代足球最初出现在19世纪的英国)”可知，现代足球从英国开始，故选C。
3．推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“The rules were carried ut by each schl, and this made it difficult fr players t play an fficial game with each ther. (规则由各校执行，这使得玩家之间很难进行正式比赛)”可知，在1849年之前很难进行正式比赛是因为没有共同的规则。故选B。
4．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了足球作为一项全球性运动有其历史渊源以及从足球的形成到现代足球的发展历程。从文章中出现的年代顺序2,000 以前—1849—1904—1992可知，文章主要是按时间顺序展开的。故选A。
（2023上·河北廊坊·高一廊坊市第一中学校考期末）
Every experience makes us grw — nwhere is this mre true than at Nrth Cuntry Schl (NCS). The NCS experience includes bth classrm and experiential learning. Their curses help every child unlck their hidden ptential and passins.
NCS was eye-pening fr Sam Shi. He discvered his passin fr bilgy as he learned abut the wildlife and ecsystems (生态系统) within the Adirndacks. “The hands-n, placed-based teaching styles were extremely interesting,” he says. “A whle new type f appreciatin ccurs when yu learn abut living things while actually being surrunded by it.”
NCS students grw and learn effectively thanks t the direct experience they get. Led by talented teachers, they aren’t just learning by ding — they’re knwing by ding.
Shi gt a taste f this as early as his first day in the Design and Build class with Larry Rbjent. “N NCS class wrks like yur standard, textbk classes,” he says. “Larry laid ut ur year-lng prject f decnstructing an n-campus bridge and plans t build a new ne. A year-lng prject, where we actually gt t wrk utside, with ur hands, and build smething practical. N chance yu’d find that anywhere else.”
Shi described everything abut that class as “special”. He gt t be creative. Mst imprtantly, he studied physics and engineering in practical ways. “At the end I gt t stand alngside my classmates and admire the prduct f ur effrts, smething that wuld remain a piece f NCS fr many years t cme,” he shares.
Such breakthrughs happen daily at NCS. “The jurney f discvering hw t trust my abilities is a life lessn that has remained with me and likely always will,” says Shi. “The teachers always encuraged me t try new things and t trust myself.”
With such curses, it is n wnder NCS students gain cnfidence, creativity and knwledge. As Shi says, “I had n idea hw cl this place wuld be, and certainly didn’t expect my study there t impact my life as bviusly as it did and cntinues t d.”
5．What are curses like at Nrth Cuntry Schl accrding t the passage?
A．They nly fcus n experiential learning.
B．They can help inspire students’ persnal grwth.
C．They are mainly fr gifted students.
D．They attract many talented teachers.
6．What des the underlined wrd mean in the furth paragraph?
A．Repairing.B．Creating.C．Taking apart.D．Blwing up.
7．Accrding t Shi, what is the life lessn he has learned frm NCS experience?
A．A passin fr bilgy.
B．A knwledge f building a bridge.
C．A curisity abut new things.
D．A sense f self-cnfidence.
8．What can we infer frm Shi’s wrds in the last paragraph?
A．He feels gratitude t his schl.
B．He wuldn’t have becme what he is nw withut being educated at NCS.
C．What he has learned at NCS will affect him all thrugh his life.
D．The time he spent at NCS is wrth remembering.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍美国北郡中学的教育方式，让学生受益匪浅。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Their curses help every child unlck their hidden ptential and passins.”（学校的课程帮助每个孩子挖掘潜能与热情。）可知，北郡中学的课程能够帮助孩子挖掘潜能和热情，这有利于孩子的个人成长。故选B项。
6．词义猜测题。由画线单词及后面所接宾语“an n-campus bridge”以及与之并列的“plans t build a new ne”（重新建造新的）可知，此处画线单词是指拆开，即拆掉原来的在校桥梁，重新建造新的桥梁。A. Repairing修理；B. Creating创造；C. Taking apart拆解；D. Blwing up爆炸。所以C项“Taking apart”的意思与“decnstructing”的意思相符。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据第六段的““The jurney f discvering hw t trust my abilities is a life lessn that has remained with me and likely always will,” says Shi.”（Shi说：“发现如何相信自己的能力之旅是我一直都在学习的人生课程，而且很可能永远都会这样学下去。”），Shi在北郡中学的经历学到的人生课程是相信自己的能力，即增强自信。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段Shi说的话“As Shi says, “I had n idea hw cl this place wuld be, and certainly didn’t expect my study there t impact my life as bviusly as it did and cntinues t d.””（正如Shi所说：“我没有想到这个地方会这么棒，当然也没想到我在那里的学习经历会如此明显地影响了我的生活，而且它对我的影响还在继续。”），在北郡中学的学习经历曾影响了Shi，而且到现在仍然对Shi产生影响，即影响了Shi的一生。故选C项。
（2022上·辽宁沈阳·高一沈阳市第十中学校考期末）
A new study, ut f Japan's Fukuka University and presented at the American Academy f Neurlgy's72nd Annual Meeting in April,2020, is s interesting. The researchers fund that playing ping png may lead t significant imprvements in Parkinsn's symptms.
“Ping png, which is als called table tennis, is a frm f aerbic (有氧的) exercise that has been shwn in the general ppulatin t imprve hand-eye crdinatin , sharpen reflexes, and stimulate the brain," said study authr Ken-ichi Inue, M.D．, f Fukuka University. “We wanted t examine if peple with Parkinsn 's disease wuld see similar benefits that may in turn reduce sme f their symptms. "
The study included 12 peple (an average age f 73) with mild t mderate Parkinsn's disease, wh had been diagnsed with Parkinsn's fr seven years n average. The participants were tested at the beginning f the study t assess the type and degree f symptms they had. They then had a ping png sessin nce a week. The sessins included stretching exercises and specific ping png exercises led by experienced table tennis players frm the department f Sprts Science f Fukuka University.
The symptms were then assessed again at three mnths and six mnths (at the end f the study), and during that perid participants experienced significant imprvements in speech, handwriting, getting dressed, getting ut f bed and walking. Fr example, it tk participants an average f mre than tw attempts t get ut f bed at the beginning f the study cmpared t an average f ne attempt at the end f the study. They als had significant imprvements in facial expressin, psture, rigidity (僵硬), slwness f mvement and hand trembles.
“While this study is small, the results are encuraging because they shw ping png, a relatively inexpensive frm f therapy, may imprve sme symptms f Parkinsn's disease,” said Inue. “A much larger study is nw being planned t cnfirm these findings.”
9．Why des the authr feel the new study is interesting?
A．Ping png is a sprt f great interest.
B．The prcess f the study is easy and relaxing.
C．The cmbinatin between sprts and diseases is funny.
D．It excites curisity that ping png shuld imprve Parkinsn's.
10．Which aspect d the 12 participants have in cmmn?
A．Age.B．Gender.C．Disease.D．Degree.
11．Hw many times have the participants been assessed altgether?
A．1.B．2.C．3.D．4.
12．What will Inue prbably d next accrding t the last paragraph?
A．Try ther sprts t draw new cnclusins.
B．Get mre peple invlved t further prve the findings.
C．Expand the range f diseases t match with ping png.
D．Find ut mre cnnectins between sprts and diseases.
【答案】9．D 10．C 11．C 12．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本福冈大学的一项新研究。研究人员发现，打乒乓球可能会显著改善帕金森症的症状。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A new study, ut f Japan's Fukuka University and presented at the American Academy f Neurlgy's72nd Annual Meeting in April,2020, is s interesting. The researchers fund that playing ping png may lead t significant imprvements in Parkinsn's symptms.(日本福冈大学在2020年4月举行的美国神经学学会第72届年会上发表的一项新研究非常有趣。研究人员发现，打乒乓球可能会显著改善帕金森症的症状)”可推知，作者认为这项新研究很有趣，因为用打乒乓球这种廉价的方式可以改善帕金森症，它激起了人们的好奇和兴致。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The study included 12 peple (an average age f 73) with mild t mderate Parkinsn's disease, wh had been diagnsed with Parkinsn's fr seven years n average. The participants were tested at the beginning f the study t assess the type and degree f symptms they had.(这项研究包括12名患有轻度至中度帕金森病的人（平均年龄73岁），他们被诊断患有帕金森病的平均时间为7年。在研究开始时，参与者接受了测试，以评估他们的症状的类型和程度)”可知，这12个参与者都患有帕金森病。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The participants were tested at the beginning f the study t assess the type and degree f symptms they had.(在研究开始时，参与者接受了测试，以评估他们的症状的类型和程度)”及第四段中的“The symptms were then assessed again at three mnths and six mnths (at the end f the study),(然后在三个月和六个月（在研究结束时）再次评估症状)”可知，参加实验的人员测试周期为6个月，分别在开始、第3个月和第6个月（结束时）进行3次评估。故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“A much larger study is nw being planned t cnfirm these findings.(一项更大规模的研究正在计划中，以证实这些发现)”可推知，Inue可能会让更多的人参与进来进一步证明研究结果。故选B。
（2023上·辽宁沈阳·高一沈阳市第一二〇中学校考期末）
The Ryal Mint has annunced plans fr a new factry where it will prcess electrnic junk t extract precius metals fr cins and gld bars. The factry will be the first f its kind in the wrld.
The Ryal Mint is a Gvernment-wned cmpany that makes cins fr the UK and lts f ther cuntries. Mst f its cins are made frm cheaper metals, but the Mint smetimes makes cins and medals frm precius metals like gld and silver. It als makes gld bars. Cuntries and banks like t keep gld bars because they are very valuable and their price desn’t tend t g up r dwn suddenly.
The precius metals used by the Mint are mstly mined frm the grund but nw it plans t make use f the vast amunts f electrnic waste (knwn as e-waste) that is thrwn away in the UK each year. Many electrnic devices use small quantities f precius metals such as gld and silver because they are gd cnductrs f electricity. Hwever, it is estimated that just 20% f ld electrnics are recycled wrldwide. This is nt just a waste; it can be dangerus, because when e-waste is buried in rubbish dumps, metals and chemicals can leak ut and pllute the envirnment.
Currently, e-waste frm the UK is sent abrad t be melted dwn t recver precius metals. The new factry will use chemical reactins t d the same jb much quicker and using far less energy. The prcess can extract 99% f the precius metals frm plastic circuit bards within a few secnds, and culd prvide the Mint with hundreds f kilgrams f gld each year.
“Our new plant will see the Ryal Mint becme a leader in sustainably surced precius metals,” said Anne Jesspp, the Mint’s CEO.
13．What des the underlined wrd “extract” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．Obtain.B．Break.C．Limit.D．Add.
14．What’s a prblem with the ld electrnics if nt recycled?
A．Energy shrtage.B．Envirnmental pllutin.
C．A lack f wrkers.D．A waste f gld bars.
15．What des Anne Jesspp think f the new plant?
A．Cstly.B．Risky.C．Prmising.D．Demanding.
16．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Making Use f E-wasteB．Turning Junk int Gld
C．Building a New FactryD．Running a Junk Business
【答案】13．A 14．B 15．C 16．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国建造新工厂来处理电子垃圾，以获得用于铸币和金条的贵金属。介绍了电子垃圾的危害以及新工厂的优点。
13．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The Ryal Mint has annunced plans fr a new factry where it will prcess electrnic junk t”以及后文“precius metals fr cins and gld bars”可知，英国皇家造币厂宣布了建造新工厂的计划，该工厂将对电子垃圾进行处理，以获得用于铸币和金条的贵金属。故画线词意思“获得”。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Hwever, it is estimated that just 20% f ld electrnics are recycled wrldwide. This is nt just a waste; it can be dangerus, because when e-waste is buried in rubbish dumps, metals and chemicals can leak ut and pllute the envirnment.(然而，据估计，全球只有20%的旧电子产品被回收。这不仅仅是一种浪费；这可能很危险，因为当电子垃圾被埋在垃圾场时，金属和化学物质会泄漏出来，污染环境)”可知，旧电子产品如果不回收利用会造成环境污染问题。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Our new plant will see the Ryal Mint becme a leader in sustainably surced precius metals,” said Anne Jesspp, the Mint’s CEO.(造币厂首席执行官安妮·杰索普说：“我们的新工厂将使皇家造币厂成为可持续采购贵金属的领导者。”)”可推知，Anne Jesspp认为新工厂是有前途的。故选C。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Ryal Mint has annunced plans fr a new factry where it will prcess electrnic junk t extract precius metals fr cins and gld bars. The factry will be the first f its kind in the wrld.(英国皇家造币厂宣布了建造新工厂的计划，该工厂将对电子垃圾进行处理，以提取用于铸币和金条的贵金属。该工厂将是世界上第一家此类工厂)”结合介绍了电子垃圾的危害以及新工厂的优点。可知，B选项“变废为宝”最符合文章标题。故选B。
（北京市通州区2019届高三一模考试英语试题）
I was in the seventh grade, and we had mved t New Jersey in Nvember. By then, everyne already had had their wn friends, and n ne wanted t talk t a new girl. T make things wrse, they put me in “Sectin L”. I fund ut later that everyne called Sectin L “Lserville”. It was srt f an pen secret that it was the sectin fr trublemakers and nt-s-smart kids. When I fund ut, I wanted t scream. I had always been a gd student and had amazing friends, and nw everyne thught I was a lser!
I did text my friends in Illinis almst every night, especially my best friend, Ana. At first my friends wanted t hear all abut it. But then sme stpped texting back nce I said smething abut hw miserable I was. One night when I was texting with Ana, I cmplained abut anther friend wh had just dne that.
Ana’s texts came really fast fr the next few minutes and they surprised me. She said that she was tired f hearing abut hw bad everything was in New Jersey, t. She said she did nt want t hurt my feelings but that I needed t stp feeling s srry fr myself all the time, I had t try t make things better.
The next day, I thught a lt abut what Ana had said. She was right!
I wish I culd say that everything changed vernight after that, but it didn’t. I was still stuck in “Lserville”, and sme peple were still mean t me, even thugh I tried t just stay ut f their way.
But what did change was me—I stpped feeling s srry fr myself and did smething abut making friends. I signed up t make sets fr the schl play. I met a lt f new peple there, and suddenly I had friends t say hi t in the halls!
I still miss Illinis smetimes, but life in New Jersey isn’t s hard anymre. Even thugh I culdn’t change my situatin, I culd change my attitude—and that made all the difference.
17．“Lserville” is a sectin fr ________.
A．failuresB．gd students
C．class secretsD．newcmers
18．The writer cmplained all the time in the new envirnment because ________.
A．Ana didn’t text back t herB．her friends hurt her feelings
C．she was unfairly treatedD．she was a gd student
19．What made a difference in changing the situatin?
A．She went back t Illinis.
B．She ended friendship with Ana.
C．She fught back with her classmates.
D．She began t make friends with thers.
20．The best title fr the passage can be ________.
A．Lasting FriendshipB．An Incidence at Schl
C．Say Gdbye t “Lserville”D．Unhappiness in “Lserville”
【答案】17．A 18．C 19．D 20．C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文阅读。文章主要讲了作者在上七年级的时候，搬到了新泽西。在那里的学校，作者被放到了代表“失败者”的“Lserville”区，受到了不公平地对待，作者尽自己最大的努力，想要告别 “Lserville”。
17．推理判断题。答案定位在第一段It was srt f an pen secret that it was the sectin fr trublemakers and nt-s-smart kids.（这是一个公开的秘密，这是一个闹事者和不太聪明的孩子的区域。）和I had always been a gd student and had amazing friends, and nw everyne thught I was a lser!（一直是个好学生，有很棒的朋友，现在每个人都认为我是个失败者!）由此推断出“Lserville”是一个失败者待着的地方，故选A。
18．细节理解题。答案定位在第二段But then sme stpped texting back nce I said smething abut hw miserable I was.（但当我说我有多痛苦时，有些人就不再回我的短信了。）由此可知作者在新环境中一直抱怨，因为她受到不公平的待遇，故选C。
19．细节理解题。答案定位在倒数第二段But what did change was me—I stpped feeling s srry fr myself and did smething abut making friends.（但真正改变我的是我自己——我不再为自己感到难过，而是做了一些关于交朋友的事情。）由此可知她开始和别人交朋友，改变了情况，故选D。
20．主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲了作者在上七年级的时候，搬到了新泽西。在那里的学校，作者被放到了代表“失败者”的“Lserville”区，受到了不公平地对待，作者尽自己最大的努力，想要告别 “Lserville”。所以这篇文章最好的题目是《和“Lserville”说再见》，故选C。
【点睛】细节理解题的解题思路：
细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节，做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。例如小题3，答案定位在倒数第二段But what did change was me—I stpped feeling s srry fr myself and did smething abut making friends.（但真正改变我的是我自己——我不再为自己感到难过，而是做了一些关于交朋友的事情。）由此可知她开始和别人交朋友，改变了情况，故选D。
（2023上·吉林·高一吉林一中校考期末）
Take a lk at the questin belw and see whether yu can figure ut the answer: If yu’re running a race and yu pass the persn in secnd place, what place are yu in?
The quiz is deceivingly simple, but there is a little twist. The reasn fr this questin design is nt t cheat peple, but t figure ut natural differences in their thinking styles. Mre specifically, the test aims t establish whether the quizzer is mre f a fast, intuitive thinker r a slw, reflective thinker.
After reading the questin, an intuitive answer is likely t be: Since nly ne place is better than secnd place, if passing the persn in secnd place, surely yu’d be first. In cmparisn, a slwer, mre reflective thinker might realize that by passing the persn in secnd place, ne persn is still in frnt f yu, making yu the runner-up.
System 1 is a fast and intuitive apprach, which is ften ruled by emtinal respnses, habits r instincts. It has the advantage f creating fast slutins but typically tends t make cmmn reasning errrs. System 2 describes a slw and careful apprach, which includes mre measured reflectin n different chices. It has the advantage f leading t mre purpseful results but is als cnnected with the cst f higher mental effrt.
The test questin intended t measure peple’s preferences f ne thinking style ver the ther. Hwever, in fact, mst peple use a mixture f System 1 and System 2 appraches, with the cntext determining which system is mre influential. The relative imprtance f a task and the amunt f time available t make a chice can bth influence hw yu think.
With this in mind, we may have t lk back n ur first questin. Rather than trying t identify the better thinking style, the challenge appears t be ne f finding balance. Knwing when t think fast and when t think slw might be the real game changer fr lifting prductivity and success.
21．What des the underlined wrd “deceivingly” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Seemingly.B．Extremely.
C．Heavily.D．Strangely.
22．What d we knw abut reflective thinkers?
A．They are wrse at running races.
B．They are mre likely t make mistakes.
C．They are easily influenced by emtins.
D．They ften think twice abut everything.
23．What can be inferred frm paragraph 5?
A．It’s difficult t change ne’s thinking style.
B．Reflective thinking utweighs intuitive thinking.
C．One’s thinking style is determined by certain factrs.
D．Peple usually prefer ne thinking style t the ther.
24．What may be the key t success accrding t the text?
A．Figuring ut the better thinking style.
B．Changing the game rules t yur advantage.
C．Striking a balance between wrk and play.
D．Adapting the thinking style t the situatin.
【答案】21．A 22．D 23．C 24．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过一个问题说明了两种思维方式，介绍了二者的不同以及影响思维方式的因素。
21．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“simple, but there is a little twist(很简单，但有一点不一样)”可知，but表示转折，说明这个测试看似简单，但却有一个小转折。故划线词意思是“看似”，和seemingly意思相近。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In cmparisn, a slwer, mre reflective thinker might realize that by passing the persn in secnd place, ne persn is still in frnt f yu, making yu the runner-up.(相比之下，一个速度较慢、更善于反思的思考者可能会意识到，通过超过第二名的人，还有一个人在你前面，让你成为亚军)”以及第四段中“System 2 describes a slw and careful apprach, which includes mre measured reflectin n different chices. It has the advantage f leading t mre purpseful results but is als cnnected with the cst f higher mental effrt.(系统2描述了一种缓慢而谨慎的方法，其中包括对不同选择的更慎重的反思。它的优点是产生更有目的性的结果，但也与更高的脑力劳动成本有关)”可知，反思型思考者经常三思而后行。故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据第五段“The test questin intended t measure peple’s preferences f ne thinking style ver the ther. Hwever, in fact, mst peple use a mixture f System 1 and System 2 appraches, with the cntext determining which system is mre influential. The relative imprtance f a task and the amunt f time available t make a chice can bth influence hw yu think.(这个测试问题旨在衡量人们对一种思维方式的偏好。然而，事实上，大多数人使用系统1和系统2的混合方法，由环境决定哪个系统更有影响力。一项任务的相对重要性和可供选择的时间数量都会影响你的想法)”可推知，一个人的思维方式是由某些因素决定的。故选C。
24．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Rather than trying t identify the better thinking style, the challenge appears t be ne f finding balance. Knwing when t think fast and when t think slw might be the real game changer fr lifting prductivity and success.(而不是试图找出更好的思维方式，挑战似乎是找到平衡。知道什么时候该快速思考，什么时候该缓慢思考，这可能是提高效率和成功的真正改变者)”可知，成功的关键是使思维方式适应情况。故选D。
（2023上·黑龙江大庆·高一大庆实验中学校考期末）
Researchers cntinue t shw the pwer behind ur sense f smell. Recent studies have fund, amng ther things, that the smell f fds like pizza can cause uncntrllable anger in drivers n rads.
The review explains that smell is unique in its effects n the brain. Accrding t Cnrad King, the researcher wh carried ut the review, "mre than any ther senses, the sense f smell ges thrugh the lgical part f the brain and acts n the systems cncerned with feelings. This is why the smell f baking bread can destry the best intentins f a dieter."
Smell, which dictates the unbelievable cmplexity f fd tastes, has always been the least understd f ur senses. Our nses are able t detect up t 10,000 distinct smells. Our ability t smell and taste this extremely large range f smells is cntrlled by smething like 1,000 genes (基因), which make up an amazing 3% f the human genme. Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were tgether awarded a Nbel Prize in 2004 fr their grund-breaking research n the nature f this extrardinary sense. These tw scientists were the first t describe the family f 1,000 lfactry (嗅觉) genes and t explain hw ur lfactry system wrks.
Accrding t ne study in the research review, smelling fresh pizza r even the packaging f fast fds can be enugh t make drivers feel impatient with ther rad users. They are then mre likely t speed and experience uncntrllable anger n rads. The mst reasnable explanatin is that these can all make drivers feel hungry, and therefre desperate t satisfy their appetites.
In cntrast, the smells f peppermint and cinnamn were shwn t imprve cncentratin levels as well as reduce drivers’ impatience. Similarly, the smells f lemn and cffee appeared t prmte clear thinking and mental fcus.
Hwever, the way genes regulate smell differs frm persn t persn. A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50 lfactry genes which are switched n in sme peple and nt in thers. They believe this may explain why sme f us lve sme smells and tastes while thers hate them. The Israel researchers say their study shws that nearly every human being shws a different pattern f active and inactive smell-detecting receptrs.
25．What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find ut?
A．The categry f fd smells.
B．The lgical part f human brain.
C．The nature f human lfactry system.
D．The relatinship between fd and feelings.
26．Which f the fllwing can help peple cncentrate?
A．Bread.B．Fruits.
C．Cffee.D．Fast fd.
27．What d we knw frm the last paragraph?
A．Sme peple can recgnize up t 50 smells.
B．Every persn has a different pattern f genes.
C．Different peple are sensitive t different smells.
D．There are still sme lfactry genes t be fund ut.
28．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Lgic and behaviur.
B．Smell and its influence.
C．Sense ability and fd tastes.
D．Olfactry genes and its system.
【答案】25．C 26．C 27．C 28．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类的嗅觉和它的影响。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“These tw scientists were the first t describe the family f 1,000 lfactry (嗅觉) genes and t explain hw ur lfactry system wrks.”可知，Richard Axel and Linda Buck研究了家庭嗅觉基因并解释了我们的嗅觉系统是如何工作的，即人类嗅觉系统的本质，故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Similarly, the smells f lemn and cffee appeared t prmte clear thinking and mental fcus.”可知，柠檬和咖啡的气味有助于提高思考和注意力，故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Israel researchers say their study shws that nearly every human being shws a different pattern f active and inactive smell-detecting receptrs.”， 几乎每个人的嗅觉感受器的活跃和不活跃模式都不同。由此判断出，不同的人对不同的气味敏感，故选C。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是根据第一段中Researchers cntinue t shw the pwer behind ur sense f smell. Recent studies have fund, amng ther things, that the smell f fds like pizza can cause uncntrllable anger in drivers n rads.可知，研究人员继续证明我们的嗅觉背后的力量。最近的研究发现，比萨等食物的味道会让道路上的司机无法控制自己的愤怒情绪。以及全文的具体说明可知，本文主要介绍了人类的嗅觉和它的影响。故选B。
（2023上·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈师大附中校考期末）
T much TV-watching can harm children’s ability t learn and even reduce their chances f getting a cllege degree, new studies suggest in the latest effrt t examine the effects f televisin n children.
One f the studies lked at nearly 400 nrthern Califrnia third-graders. Thse with TVs in their bedrms scred abut eight pints lwer n math and language arts tests than children withut bedrm TVs.
A secnd study ,lking at nearly 1000 grwn-ups in New Zealand, fund lwer educatin levels amng 26-year-lds wh had watched lts f TV during childhd. But the results dn’t prve that TV is the cause and dn't ride ut that already prly mtivated yungsters (年轻人）may watch lts f TV.
Their study measured the TV habits f 26-year-lds between ages5 and 15. These with cllege degrees had watch an average f less than tw hurs f TV per week night during childhd, cmpared with an average f mre than 2.5 hurs fr thse wh had n educatin beynd high schl.
In the Califrnia study, children with TVs in their rms but n cmputer at hme scred the lwest while thse with n bedrm TV but wh had hme cmputers scred the highest.
While this study des nt prve that bedrm TV sets caused the lwer scres, it adds t increasing findings that children shuldn't have TVs in their bedrms.
29．Accrding t the Califrnia study, the lw-scring grup might _________.
A．have had cmputers in their bedrms
B．nt be interested in math
C．be unable t g t cllege
D．have watched a lt f TV
30．What is the researchers' understanding f the New Zealand study results?
A．Prly mtivated 26-year-lds watch mre TV.
B．Habits f TV watching reduce learning interest.
C．The cnnectin between TV and educatin levels is difficult t explain.
D．TV watching leads t lwer educatin levels f the 15-year-lds.
31．What can we learn frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．TV sets shuldn't be allwed in children's bedrms.
B．Children shuld be frbidden frm watching TV.
C．Mre time shuld be spent n cmputers.
D．Further studies n high-achieving students shuld be dne
32．What wuld be the best title fr this text?
A．Cmputers r Televisin
B．Effects f Televisin n Children
C．Studies n TV and Cllege Educatin
D．Televisin and Children's Learning Habits
【答案】29．D 30．C 31．A 32．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。最新调查发现，看太多电视会损害孩子的学习能力，造成他们分数低。越来越多的研究结果表明，孩子们的卧室里不应该有电视。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段“One f the studies lked at nearly 400 nrthern Califrnia third-graders. Thse with TVs in their bedrms scred abut eight pints lwer n math and language arts tests than children withut bedrm TVs.(其中一项研究调查了近400名北加利福尼亚三年级学生。在数学和语言艺术测试中，卧室里有电视的孩子比卧室里没有电视的孩子要低8分左右。)”可知，根据加州的研究，卧室里有电视的那一组得分低，他们可能看了很多电视，故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据第三段“A secnd study, lking at nearly 1000 grwn-ups in New Zealand, fund lwer educatin levels amng 26-year-lds wh had watched lts f TV during childhd. But the results dn’t prve that TV is the cause and dn't ride ut that already prly mtivated yungsters (年轻人）may watch lts f TV. (另一项研究对新西兰近1000名成年人进行了调查，发现童年时看过很多电视的26岁成年人的教育水平较低。但研究结果并不能证明电视是原因，也不能排除已经缺乏动力的年轻人可能会看很多电视的情况。)”可推断，通过新西兰调查研究结果，研究人员认为：电视和教育水平之间的因果关系很难解释，故选C。
31．推理判断题。倒数第二段介绍了加州的研究，最后一段得出结论：“While this study des nt prve that bedrm TV sets caused the lwer scres, it adds t increasing findings that children shuldn't have TVs in their bedrms(虽然这项研究没有证明卧室里的电视机导致了较低的分数，但它进一步证实了越来越多的研究结果:孩子们的卧室里不应该有电视).”可知，通过最后两段我们可以得知，孩子们的卧室里不应该有电视。故选A。
32．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“T much TV-watching can harm children’s ability t learn and even reduce their chances f getting a cllege degree(看太多电视会损害孩子的学习能力，甚至会减少他们获得大学学位的机会)…”和最后一段“it adds t increasing findings that children shuldn't have TVs in their bedrms. (越来越多的研究结果表明，孩子们不应该在卧室里放电视。)”可知，本文主要介绍电视对孩子的影响和危害，选项B. Effects f Televisin n Children符合题意，故选B。
（2023上·黑龙江鹤岗·高一鹤岗一中校考期末）
Spaghetti blgnese (意大利肉酱面) appeared t me during a Year 8 hme science lessn. Our hme teacher tld the class t tie back ur hair and start cutting the vegetables int pieces. Spaghetti blgnese made a wrld f difference t mealtimes.
This meal became a weekly fd at ur huse - especially since the jb f making spaghetti Blgnese fell t me r ne f my three sisters, giving my mther a break frm cking. But finding that this “Italian” fd was muth-wateringly delicius and culd be made in ur wn kitchen, wasn’t just happening at ur huse. In many places arund the wrld, peple were discvering just hw delicius Italian fd culd be.
S by 2014, a survey dne by the Germany-based cmpany Apetit fund that spaghetti blgnese was the third mst ppular dish eaten in their wrkplace cafeterias (自助餐厅). And in 2018, research in Britain t find ut hw new diets were changing what families ate at mealtimes, cmmissined(委托) by British cking appliance-maker Belling, discvered that spaghetti blgnese had wn the cmpetitin and was the all-time favurite meal f Brits. “It has been interesting t see dishes, which we nw cnsider very clsely cnnected with family mealtimes, rising frm relative unknwn dishes, like everyne’s favurite spag bl, t take the tp place,” said a Belling spkespersn at the time. This Italian favurite isn’t just ppular in the West. In the 1980s, spaghetti blgnese was getting a wrkut in Malaysian hme kitchens, accrding t chpinandmysaucepan. cm, and is still ften fund n the menu f many lcal restaurants there.
Hwever, nt all Italians lve what we’ve dne t their cultural cuisine. Many pasta lvers rail at the idea that spaghetti blgnese is the same dish as ragù alla Blgnese, as it is knwn in Italy, r that it in fact cmes frm Blgna. In 2019, the then Blgnese mayr, Virgini Merla, started a debate n Twitter saying that it was nt true that spaghetti blgnese riginated frm his great city. They believe the sauce shuld nt be served with spaghetti.
33．What purpse des the first paragraph serve?
A．T give suggestins n meals.
B．T remember a teacher.
C．T make a cmparisn.
D．T bring up the tpic.
34．Hw was the spaghetti blgnese in the authr’s family?
A．It was hated by his mther.
B．It became a cmmn dish.
C．It was an unaffrdable dish.
D．It made him interested in cking.
35．What did bth the survey in 2014 and the research in 2018 find?
A．Spaghetti blgnese was as acceptable in the West as it was in Malaysia.
B．Spaghetti blgnese ttally changed peple’s eating habits.
C．Spaghetti blgnese was unknwn t mst families.
D．Spaghetti blgnese had becme ppular.
36．What can the underlined wrds “rail at” in the last paragraph be best replaced by?
A．Speak ut against.B．Cme up with.
C．Believe in.D．Ty with.
【答案】33．D 34．B 35．D 36．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文以作者平时的饮食习惯展开，揭示出当下一个普遍现象，那就是人们越来越青睐意大利面，因其味道美妙，制作方便。
33．推理判断题。根据第二段“In many places arund the wrld, peple were discvering just hw delicius Italian fd culd be. (在世界各地的许多地方，人们都在发现意大利食物是多么美味)”可知，第一段作者描述自己的生活经历，揭示背后的一个普遍的社会现象，是为了引出本文讨论的话题重点，故选D项。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段“This meal became a weekly fd at ur huse - especially since the jb f making spaghetti Blgnese fell t me r ne f my three sisters, giving my mther a break frm cking. (这顿饭成了我们家每周的一餐——尤其是自从制作意大利肉酱面的工作落到了我或我三个姐妹中的一个身上之后，我母亲就可以从做饭中休息一下了)”和第三段“S by 2014, a survey dne by the Germany-based cmpany Apetit fund that spaghetti blgnese was the third mst ppular dish eaten in their wrkplace cafeterias (自助餐厅). (因此，到2014年，德国公司Apetit进行的一项调查发现，肉酱面是工作场所食堂里第三大受欢迎的菜肴)”可知，意大利肉酱面成为人们喜爱的非常普遍的食品，故选B项。
35．细节理解题。根据第三段“S by 2014, a survey dne by the Germany-based cmpany Apetit fund that spaghetti blgnese was the third mst ppular dish eaten in their wrkplace cafeterias (自助餐厅). (因此，到2014年，德国公司Apetit进行的一项调查发现，肉酱面是工作场所食堂里第三大受欢迎的菜肴)”和“And in 2018, research in Britain t find ut hw new diets were changing what families ate at mealtimes, cmmissined(委托) by British cking appliance-maker Belling, discvered that spaghetti blgnese had wn the cmpetitin and was the all-time favurite meal f Brits. (2018年，英国烹饪用具制造商Belling委托进行了一项研究，以找出新的饮食习惯是如何改变家庭用餐时间的。研究发现，肉酱面赢得了竞争，一直是英国人最喜欢的一餐)”可知，意大利肉酱面已经变成人们非常青睐的食品，故选D项。
36．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Hwever, nt all Italians lve what we’ve dne t their cultural cuisine. (然而，并不是所有的意大利人都喜欢我们对他们的文化美食所做的改变)”和“In 2019, the then Blgnese mayr, Virgini Merla, started a debate n Twitter saying that it was nt true that spaghetti blgnese riginated frm his great city. (2019年，当时的博洛尼亚市长维吉尼奥·梅罗拉(Virgini Merla)在推特上发起了一场辩论，称意大利肉酱面并非起源于博洛尼亚这座伟大的城市)”可知，很多意大利面爱好者公开质疑意大利面与ragù alla面相同的说法，认为意大利面的烹饪方法有独特的一面，与其他地域面食制作方法不同。由此可知，划线部分短语是“公开反对”之意，故选A项。
（2023上·江苏盐城·高一江苏省射阳中学校考期末）
Yur teenage best friend culd be gd fr yur lng-term mental health，accrding t a new study published in the jurnal Child Develpment Accrding t the findings, teenagers aged 15 t 16 wh had a clse friendship rather than a larger grup f friends they were less clse t had a greater sense f self-wrth by the time they were 25 years ld. Thse peple with a very clse best friend were als less likely t experience depressin and scial anxiety, the study fund．
“Clse friendship strength in mid-adlescence predicted relative increases in self-wrth and decreases in anxiety and depressive symptms by early adulthd，”the authrs, led by Rachel K, Narr，a pstdctral student fcused n clinical psychlgy at the University f Virginia, wrte.
A past research has suggested that adlescent friendships are imprtant. Friendships during the teenage years predict academic success and imprved mental health. But the new research further explres the type f friendships teenagers have. “My hunch（预感）was that clse friendships cmpared t brader friendship grups and ppularity may nt functin the same way,” Narr tld Quartz. "Being successful in ne is nt the same as being successful in the ther."
Many study participants did nt cntinue t have a clse relatinship with their high-schl best friend, leading the researchers t wnder what exactly was respnsible fr the mental health benefits. They suspected that the skills and ability t build such a friendship may be mre imprtant than the friendship itself.
And as the researchers pint ut, thse skills are nt necessarily brught t bear in the wrld f scial media. "As technlgy makes it increasingly easy t build a scial netwrk f shallw friends, fcusing time and attentin n develping clse cnnectins with a few individuals shuld be a pririty," study c-authr Jseph Allen said in a statement.
37．What is the benefit f having a clse teenage friendship?
A．Excellent perfrmance in high schl.B．A larger grup f friends.
C．Mental health by early adulthd.D．A large scial netwrk in the future.
38．What can we learn abut the past research?
A．It attached great significance t adlescent friendships.
B．It was ttally different frm the new research.
C．It helped imprve teenagers' mental health.
D．It cmpared brader friendship grups with ppularity.
39．What did the researchers think might lead t the mental health benefits?
A．Nt cntinuing t have a clse relatinship.B．Having a best friend in high schl.
C．Understanding the wrld f scial media.D．Knwing hw t build a clse friendship
40．What did the researcher Jseph suggest?
A．Learning t use scial media.
B．Bradening yur scial circle.
C．Imprving the skills f making friends.
D．Cncentrating n high-quality relatinship.
【答案】37．C 38．A 39．D 40．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，那些有非常亲密的好朋友的人也不太可能经历抑郁和社交焦虑。与过去的研究认为友谊很重要相比，这项新研究进一步探索了青少年之间的友谊类型。研究人员发现知道如何建立亲密的友谊可能比友谊本身更重要。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段中Yur teenage best friend culd be gd fr yur lng-term mental health，accrding t a new study published in the jurnal Child Develpment.（根据发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究，你十几岁时最好的朋友可能对你的长期心理健康有好处）可知，青少年亲密的友谊对精神健康有益。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句A past research has suggested that adlescent friendships are imprtant.（过去的一项研究表明，青少年间的友谊很重要）可知，过去的研究非常重视青少年间的友谊。故选A。
39．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句They suspected that the skills and ability t build such a friendship may be mre imprtant than the friendship itself.（他们怀疑建立这种友谊的技巧和能力可能比友谊本身更重要）可知，研究人员认为知道如何建立亲密的友谊会带来心理健康益处。故选D。
40．细节理解题。根据最后一段中"As technlgy makes it increasingly easy t build a scial netwrk f shallw friends, fcusing time and attentin n develping clse cnnectins with a few individuals shuld be a pririty," study c-authr Jseph Allen said in a statement.（研究报告的撰写者之一Jseph Allen在一份声明中说:“随着科技的发展，建立浅层次朋友的社交网络变得越来越容易，因此，把时间和精力集中在与少数人建立密切联系上应该是优先考虑的事情。”）可知，研究人员Jseph Allen建议把时间和精力集中在于一些人发展亲密关系是应该是重中之重，即发展高质量的友谊。故选D。
（2023上·江苏无锡·高一江苏省江阴高级中学校考期末）
With the recent discussin abut the health benefits f fish il and ther wellness plans, it can make yu feel less wrried t knw that ne thing never changes: Exercise is gd fr yur health. Any mvement, even walking, brings abut a hst f cardivascular(心血管的)effects that can help yu live lnger, feel better, and nt run ut f breath when chasing children r small animals.
The questin f hw much exercise is best, thugh, is pen t discussin. The answer ften depends n yur gals. Fr heart health, sessins fur t five times weekly might be perfect. Fr mental health? As The Independent reprts, scientists believe there’s a pretty specific prescriptin(处方): Exercising fr 45 minutes three t five times a week.
Researchers at Yale University and the University f Oxfrd made the study. They examined 1.2 millin subjects(实验对象)wh filled ut the Behaviral Risk Factr Surveillance Survey at tw-year intervals(间隔时间)between 2011 and 2015.
Subjects wh didn’t exercise at all had an average f three-and-a-half days per mnth when they felt mentally unwell — stressed, depressed, r suffering frm emtinal prblems — while thse wh exercised regularly reprted an average f just tw days.
The study fund that having three t five 45-minute sessins f exercise a week was best fr reducing the reprted prblems f feeling stressed r depressed. Exercising fr lnger perids — sme subjects reprted mre than 90 minutes in the gym — was cnnected with a drp-ff in mental health benefits. Subjects wh spent three hurs at a time exercising actually reprted an increase in depressive symptms(症状).
Researchers als fund that the kind f exercise undertaken made a difference. While all kinds f exercise helped, peple wh tk part in team sprts prmting scial cmmunicatin and gym classes like cycling described greater self-satisfactin with mental health.
Because the study included self-reprted utcmes and exercise wasn’t mnitred, it’s pssible that the subjects culd have misread the amunt f exercise perfrmed. The study, hwever, makes a cnvincing case fr a ppular pinin: If exercise were a pill, dctrs everywhere wuld be prescribing it.
41．The perfect amunt f exercise fr a persn is usually decided by ________.
A．his exercise rutineB．his physical cnditin
C．what sprts he prefersD．what he expects t imprve
42．What d the numbers in paragraphs 4 and 5 shw?
A．The health benefits f exercise.
B．Peple’s respnse t hard exercise.
C．Hw exercise influences ne’s mental health.
D．Why psitive attitudes prmte ne’s exercise.
43．Which f the fllwing sprts may bring peple mre pleasure?
A．Tai chi.B．Vlleyball.C．Climbing.D．Diving.
44．What may be the reasn fr the disadvantage f the study?
A．T few participants.
B．Its researchers’ persnal interests.
C．The subjects’ persnal judgments.
D．Its failure t cnsider dctrs’ suggestins.
【答案】41．D 42．A 43．B 44．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了随着最近关于鱼油对健康的好处和其他健康计划的讨论，有一件事永远不会改变：锻炼对你的健康有益，这可能会让你不那么担心。然而，关于多少运动量最好的问题还有待讨论。答案往往取决于你的目标。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The questin f hw much exercise is best, thugh, is pen t discussin. The answer ften depends n yur gals.”（然而，关于多少运动量最好的问题还有待讨论。答案往往取决于你的目标。）可知，一个人的最佳运动量通常取决于他希望提高哪些方面。故选D项。
42．细节理解题。根据第四段“Subjects wh didn’t exercise at all had an average f three-and-a-half days per mnth when they felt mentally unwell — stressed, depressed, r suffering frm emtinal prblems — while thse wh exercised regularly reprted an average f just tw days.”（完全不锻炼的人平均每月有三天半的时间感到精神不适——压力大、抑郁或遭受情绪问题——而经常锻炼的人平均只有两天。）以及第五段中“The study fund that having three t five 45-minute sessins f exercise a week was best fr reducing the reprted prblems f feeling stressed r depressed.”（研究发现，每周进行三到五次45分钟的锻炼，对于减少压力或抑郁的报告问题是最好的。）可知，第4段和第5段中的数字说明了运动对健康的好处。故选A项。
43．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“While all kinds f exercise helped, peple wh tk part in team sprts prmting scial cmmunicatin and gym classes like cycling described greater self-satisfactin with mental health.”（虽然各种锻炼都有帮助，但参加促进社会交流的团队运动和骑自行车等健身课程的人对心理健康的自我满意度更高。）结合各个选项运动的项目，故可推知，排球这项运动能给人们带来更多的乐趣。故选B项。
44．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Because the study included self-reprted utcmes and exercise wasn’t mnitred, it’s pssible that the subjects culd have misread the amunt f exercise perfrmed.”（因为这项研究包括了自我报告的结果，而且没有监测运动，所以研究对象可能误解了运动量。）故可推知，这项研究的缺点可能是因为受试者的个人判断。故选C项。
（2023上·安徽芜湖·高一芜湖一中校考期末）
Mack Rutherfrd, a 17-year -ld pilt has becme the yungest persn t fly alne arund the wrld. He landed his small plane in Bulgaria’s capital, Sfia n Wednesday. That is als where he started his trip five mnths ag.
His trip, which started in Sfia n a plane wned by the Internet cmpany ICDSft n March 23, tk Rutherfrd thrugh 52 cuntries acrss five cntinents. The plane, called Shark, can travel at the speed f 300 kilmeters per hur. Nrmally a tw-seater, the plane was changed fr his lng trip by replacing the secnd seat with an extra fuel cntainer (容器).
Rutherfrd first planned t make the trip in three mnths. But it lasted lnger because f several barriers, including rainstrms, sandstrms and extreme heat. Mst f the delays were caused by waits t get permits and ther dcuments required fr keeping with the flight plan.
The flight tk him thrugh Africa and the Gulf area t India. China, Suth Krea, and Japan. He crssed the nrthern Pacific and landed after 10 straight hurs in the air n a vlcanic island near the Bering Strait. Frm there, he headed t Alaska and dwn the West Cast f the United States t Mexic.
On Wednesday, a huge crwd f peple welcmed Rutherfrd. His father, Sam Rutherfrd, tld reprters that such an event helps shw ther children they shuld fllw their dreams.
His sister, Zara, said, “While he was flying, I ften tried t keep in tuch and help him. Our parents called him every day, and I jined in thse cnversatins. I gave him advice n the rute, n the flight, s that I culd be useful t him.”
45．What d we knw abut Shark?
A．It belngs t ICDSft.B．It can seat three persns.
C．It has tw nrmal cntainers.D．Rutherfrd’s father rented it.
46．What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A．His first plan.B．The past hardship.
C．The tiring lng trip.D．The causes f delays.
47．What can be inferred frm Sam Rutherfrd s wrds?
A．Children are fnd f flight.B．Peple’s gathering tuched him.
C．He has had a great effect n children.D．He is prud f his sn’s great deeds.
48．Wh kept in clse tuch with Rutherfrd during his flight?
A．Zara.B．His friends.
C．Rutherfrd’s mum.D．Sam Rutherfrd.
【答案】45．A 46．D 47．D 48．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述一位17岁的飞行员创造了独自环球飞行的记录，这足以说明其勇气可嘉，技能精湛，值得其他追寻自己梦想的孩子学习。
45．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“His trip, which started in Sfia n a plane wned by the Internet cmpany ICDSft n March 23, tk Rutherfrd thrugh 52 cuntries acrss five cntinents. The plane, called Shark,(3月23日，卢瑟福乘坐互联网公司ICDSft的飞机从索非亚出发，途经五大洲52个国家。这架飞机名为Shark)”可知，Shark属于ICDSft公司。故选A。
46．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Rutherfrd first planned t make the trip in three mnths. But it lasted lnger because f several barriers, including rainstrms, sandstrms and extreme heat. Mst f the delays were caused by waits t get permits and ther dcuments required fr keeping with the flight plan.(卢瑟福最初计划用三个月的时间完成这次旅行。但由于暴雨、沙尘暴和极端高温等几个障碍，它持续的时间更长。大多数延误是由于等待获得许可和其他符合飞行计划所需的文件造成的)”可知，本段主要谈论的是延误的原因。故选D。
47．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“His father, Sam Rutherfrd, tld reprters that such an event helps shw ther children they shuld fllw their dreams.(他的父亲山姆·卢瑟福告诉记者，这样的活动有助于告诉其他孩子，他们应该追随自己的梦想)”推知，Sam为儿子的成就感到自豪。故选D。
48．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“His sister, Zara, said, ‘While he was flying, I ften tried t keep in tuch and help (他的姐姐Zara说:“当他在飞行时，我经常试图与他保持联系并帮助他……”)”可知，是他姐姐Zara在飞行时与他保持密切联系。故选A。
（2023上·安徽淮北·高一淮北一中校考期末）
As a child, there was nthing I liked better than Sunday afternns at my grandfather’s farm in western Pennsylvania. Surrunded by miles f winding stne walls, the huse and field prvided endless hurs f fun fr a city kid like me.
Since my first visit t the farm, I had wanted mre than anything t be allwed t climb the stne walls surrunding the huses. My parents wuld never agree because the walls were s ld that sme stnes were lse and falling. Hwever, my idea t climb acrss thse walls grew s strng that finally I had all my curage t enter the living rm, where the adults had gathered after Sunday dinner.
“I want t climb the stne walls.” I said. “Heavens, n! Yu’ll hurt yurself!” The respnse was just as I’d expected. But befre I left the rm, I was stpped by my grandfather’s lud vice. “Nw hld n just a minute.”I heard him say. “Let the by climb the stne walls. He has t learn t d things fr himself.”
“G,” he said t me, “and cme and see me when yu get back. ”Fr the next tw and a half hurs I climbed thse ld walls—and had the time f my life. Later I met with my grandfather t tell him abut my adventures. I’ll never frget what he said. “Fred,” he said, smiling, “yu made this day a special day just by being yurself. Always remember, there’s nly ne persn in this whle wrld like yu, and I like yu exactly as yu are.”
Many years have passed since then, and tday I hst the televisin prgram Mister Rgers’ Neighbrhd, seen by millins f children thrughut America. There have been changes ver the years, but ne thing remains the same: my message t children at the end f almst every visit. ”There’s nly ne persn in this whle wrld like yu,“ the kids will hear me say, ”and peple can like yu exactly as yu are.
49．Why did the writer enjy his visits t the farm?
A．There were ld stne huses.B．He culd experience new fun there.
C．He missed his grandfather.D．He was allwed t climb the stne walls.
50．Which pf the fllwing statements is true?
A．The writer didn’t expect his parents’ disagreement with his climbing the walls.
B．The writer didn’t knw the pssible danger f the stne walls.
C．The writer’s grandfather backed him up t fllw his wn heart.
D．The writer became a TV prgram hst due t his grandfather’s influence.
51．Which wrd can be used t describe the grandfather?
A．Adventurus.B．Open-minded.
C．Tricky.D．Stubbrn.
52．Which is prbably the best title fr the text?
A．Unfrgettable Childhd.B．D Whatever Yu Like.
C．Just Be Yurself.D．Like grandfather, like grandsn.
【答案】49．B 50．C 51．B 52．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候在乡村的经历。作者小时候很喜欢在祖父的农田上玩，并且渴望爬上围绕着农田的石墙。虽然大人们害怕爬墙会让作者伤到自己，但是祖父同意了。作者从自己的经历里面悟出一个道理：我们要做真实的自我。
49．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“As a child, there was nthing I liked better than Sunday afternns at my grandfather’s farm in western Pennsylvania. Surrunded by miles f winding stne walls, the huse and field prvided endless hurs f fun fr a city kid like me.（当我还是个孩子的时候，没有什么比在宾夕法尼亚州西部祖父的农场里度过周日下午更让我喜欢的了。房子和田地被绵延数英里的蜿蜒石墙环绕着，为像我这样的城市孩子提供了无尽的乐趣。）”可知，作者喜欢去农场是因为他可以在那里体验到新的乐趣。故选B项。
50．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后两句““Fred,” he said, smiling, “yu made this day a special day just by being yurself. Always remember, there’s nly ne persn in this whle wrld like yu, and I like yu exactly as yu are.”（“弗雷德，”他微笑着说，“你做了你自己，使今天成为一个特别的日子。永远记住，这个世界上只有一个人喜欢你，我喜欢真实的你。”）”可知，作者的祖父支持他遵从自己的内心。故选C项。
51．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““I want t climb the stne walls.” I said. “Heavens, n! Yu’ll hurt yurself!” The respnse was just as I’d expected. But befre I left the rm, I was stpped by my grandfather’s lud vice. “Nw hld n just a minute.”I heard him say. “Let the by climb the stne walls. He has t learn t d things fr himself.”（“我想爬上石墙。”我说。“天,不!你会伤到自己的!”大家的反应和我预料的一样。但在我离开房间之前，我被祖父的大声的声音打断了。“现在请稍等一下。”我听见他说。“让孩子爬上石墙。他必须学会自己做事。”）”可推知，祖父是一个非常开明的人。故选B项。
52．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一句“There’s nly ne persn in this whle wrld like yu,“ the kids will hear me say, ”and peple can like yu exactly as yu are.（这个世界上只有一个人喜欢你，”孩子们会听到我说，“人们会喜欢真实的你。）”结合作者与祖父之间的故事可知，本文主要围绕着“做你自己就好”这一主题。故选C项。
（2023上·山东济南·高一济南市历城第二中学校考期末）
When smene asks me what I d first thing in the mrning I feel ashamed. Then, I have t shamefully admit that I turn my alarm (闹钟) ff n my phne and scrll (滚屏) thrugh WeChat. Befre I’ve even had the chance t brush my teeth r wash my face I’m already right away attracted by whatever peple are ding nline. And I knw it needs t change.
But the last time I was asked this questin was abut tw mnths ag and have I changed my ways? Nt even a little bit. We all knw hw unprductive scial media(社交媒体) can be. S why is it s easy t get addicted t(沉溺于) a huge mass f pretty pictures, and funny behavir and ideas? And why is it s hard t change? Lisa Lewis, a dctr in Brkline tells me the answer is simple. “It’s because the pint f these apps is t keep yu lking,” she says. “They want yu t buy, and get yu t fllw and like. Their nly purpse is t win yur attentin.”
She says yu must have a purpse when it cmes t using any scial media apps. “Dn’t just g n and scrll.” she explains. “Just like yu wuldn’t walk up t the refrigeratr and stare at what’s inside fr n reasn, dn’t d the same with scial media.” If scial media is reducing yur prductivity and verall health, Lewis ffers these steps:
First, set a gal whenever yu use a scial media app. If yu use WeChat t get inspiratin t exercise, d that and then get ff it. Next, yu can use a timer. These days yu can set a timer fr hw many hurs a day yu spend n scial media. Set it and stick t it. And finally, yu can create a prize t strengthen the behavir. When yu set that timer and stick t it, psitively strengthen the behavir with anything frm tasty fd, t things yu’ve been eyeing n Amazn.
53．What can we say abut the authr accrding t Paragraph 1?
A．She is shy abut answering thers’ questins nline.
B．She cares little abut ther peple’s life.
C．She wrks busily early in the mrning.
D．She is a heavy user f scial media.
54．Why is it difficult t beat the addictin mentined in Paragraph 2 accrding t Lewis?
A．The apps are aimed at attracting users.
B．Scial media are a gd way t kill time.
C．Peple want t cmmunicate with friends.
D．Online infrmatin is key t mst peple’s life.
55．Why des Lewis mentin the refrigeratr?
A．T shw hw attractive scial media culd be.
B．T discuss why scial media reduce prductivity.
C．T explain ne shuld use scial media when necessary.
D．T prve sme cntent f scial media is useful.
56．What des the underlined part “the behavir” refer t?
A．Drawing inspiratin frm scial media.
B．Using scial media accrding t a timer.
C．Trying t save mney when shpping nline.
D．Learning t pay n attentin t things yu badly want.
【答案】53．D 54．A 55．C 56．B
【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述一位医生就社交媒体上瘾问题给出的相应的应对办法。
53．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Befre I’ve even had the chance t brush my teeth r wash my face I’m already right away attracted by whatever peple are ding nline.（在我还没来得及刷牙或洗脸之前，我就已经被人们在网上所做的一切吸引住了。）”可知，作者早晨醒来还没刷牙洗脸就开始看微信。由此可见，她是社交媒体的频繁使用者。故选D项。
54．
细节理解题。根据第二段中Lisa Lewis的话“It’s because the pint f these apps is t keep yu lking,” （ “这是因为这些应用程序的目的是让你保持关注。”）以及“They want yu t buy, and get yu t fllw and like. Their nly purpse is t win yur attentin.”（ “他们想让你买东西，让你追随和喜欢。他们唯一的目的就是赢得你的注意。”）可知，社交媒体瘾难以戒除的原因是社交媒体应用软件的目的就是为了吸引使用者，所以使用者很难不被其吸引。故选A项。
55．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中Lewis的话“Dn’t just g n and scrll.”（ “不要继续机械滚屏。”） 以及“Just like yu wuldn’t walk up t the refrigeratr and stare at what’s inside fr n reasn, dn’t d the same with scial media.”（ “就像你不会无缘无故地走到冰箱前盯着里面的东西一样，社交媒体也不要这么做。”）可知, Lewis提到冰箱是为了说明人们应该在必要的时候再使用手机，不要一直盯着手机看。故选C项。
56．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“When yu set that timer and stick t it, psitively strengthen, the behavir with anything frm tasty fd t things yu’ve been eyeing n Amazn.”(当你设定好时间并坚持下去的时候，从美味的食物到你一直盯着亚马逊看的东西，都会积极地加强你的行为。)可知，在使用社交媒体应用软件时要定好计时器，并给自己设定一个奖励来加强这种行为。“the behavir”应该指的是“依据计时器来使用社交媒体应用软件”。故选B项。
（2023上·山东·高一山东师范大学附中校考期末）
Skeletn is ne f the three sliding sprts at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, alngside the luge (单雪橇) and bbsleigh (大雪橇). With nly six medals up fr grabs, skeletn has the fewest events at the Winter Games—which means cmpetitin will be fierce.
The sprt f skeletn has its rts in the mst ppular winter pastime: sleighing. In the mid-19th century, British and American hlidaymakers built the first tbggan (平底雪橇) run in Davs in 1882, and thus the sprt f sleighing began.
Tw years later, in 1884, the famed Cresta Run—a natural ice skeletn racing tbggan track—was built in St. Mritz, Switzerland (the curse has hsted the annual Grand Natinal champinships since 1885).
In 1892, a new sledge made entirely f steel was intrduced, and sme claim that its bny appearance gave the sledge and the sprt the name ‘skeletn’.
Men’s skeletn was first intrduced n the Olympic prgram in the 1928 Games in St. Mritz. But due t the sprt nly being available at the Cresta Run at the time, it fell int bscurity (默默无闻) while the luge and bbsleigh grew in ppularity. Hwever, in 2002, the skeletn was reintrduced as a men’s and wmen’s event at the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics, and has remained a part f the Olympic prgram ever since.
While Great Britain has the mst medals (nine) in skeletn cmpetitin at the Olympics, the tp spt belngs t the United States (eight medals) by virtue f having fur silvers t Great Britain’s ne (bth natins have three glds, while Britain has five brnze medals, and the United States ne).
Great Britain is the nly natin t have wn a medal every time skeletn has featured at the Olympic Games, and has wn at least ne medal in each f the five cntests f wmen’s skeletn since its intrductin.
57．Why is the sprt f skeletn very cmpetitive in the Olympics?
A．It’s the mst ppular sprt in winter.
B．It nly has 3 medals t cmpete fr.
C．It is a new sprt at the Winter Games.
D．It nly has 2 events at the Winter Games.
58．When did skeletn first appear?
A．In 1882.B．In 1885.
C．In 1892.D．In 1928.
59．Why did skeletn fall int bscurity?
A．Its material steel was rare.
B．Only men culd take part in it.
C．There was nly ne run fr it.
D．It was nt n the Olympic prgram.
60．What makes America tp Great Britain in skeletn at the Olympics?
A．The number f medals.
B．The cmpsitin f medals.
C．The perfrmance f the athletes.
D．The times f hsting the Olympics.
【答案】57．D 58．C 59．C 60．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了钢架雪车的发展历史和该项目在奥运会上排名靠前的国家奖牌情况。
57．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“With nly six medals up fr grabs, skeletn has the fewest events at the Winter Games—which means cmpetitin will be fierce. (由于只有六枚奖牌可供争夺，钢架雪车在冬奥会上的项目最少，这意味着竞争将非常激烈。)”可知，钢架雪车之所以竞争激烈，是因为项目最少；根据第五段最后一句“Hwever, in 2002, the skeletn was reintrduced as a men’s and wmen’s event at the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics, and has remained a part f the Olympic prgram ever since. (然而，2002年，在盐湖城冬奥会上，钢架雪车被重新引入男子和女子项目，此后一直是奥运项目的一部分。)”可知，钢架雪车分为男子和女子项目两个项目。故选D项。
58．细节理解题。根据第四段“In 1892, a new sledge made entirely f steel was intrduced, and sme claim that its bny appearance gave the sledge and the sprt the name ‘skeletn’. (1892年，一种完全由钢制成的新型雪橇被引入，一些人声称，它钢架制作的外表使雪橇和这项运动被称为“钢架雪车”。)”可知，钢架雪车首次出现是在1892年。故选C项。
59．细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“But due t the sprt nly being available at the Cresta Run at the time, it fell int bscurity (默默无闻) while the luge and bbsleigh grew in ppularity. (但由于这项运动当时只在克里斯塔赛道上提供，因此在单雪橇和有大雪橇越来越受欢迎的同时，这项运动也变得默默无闻。)”可知，钢架雪车之所以变得默默无闻，原因在于当时只有一个赛道能进行这项运动。故选C项。
60．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“While Great Britain has the mst medals (nine) in skeletn cmpetitin at the Olympics, the tp spt belngs t the United States (eight medals) by virtue f having fur silvers t Great Britain’s ne (bth natins have three glds, while Britain has five brnze medals, and the United States ne). (虽然英国在奥运会上获得了最多的奖牌（9枚），但排名第一的是美国（8枚），因其获得了4枚银牌，而英国只获得了1枚银牌（两国都获得了3枚金牌，而英国获得了5枚铜牌，美国获得了1枚）。)”可知，之所以在该项运动上美国位居榜首，是根据奥运会奖牌的种类构成，而非数量。故选B项。
（2023上·山东·高一山东师范大学附中校考期末）
Overlking the Davis—Gant Varsity Sccer Field, a bed f verturned sil waits fr further develpment. In a few years, this area will becme a natural habitat and a playgrund fr animals and residents. This peaceful area didn’t appear naturally, but thrugh planning and actin taken by Catlin Gabel’s Tiny Frest prject launched by teacher Patrick Walsh.
Frests typically take hundreds f years t mature, with fur stages f grwth. “Tiny frests flatten ut time thrugh the planting f all fur layers (层),” Walsh explained. The end result is a fast—grwing, native frest in abut 20 years. Over 600 plants frm 43 species will be planted in the tiny frest, the first ne in Oregn.
Walsh was inspired t build a tiny frest after hearing abut this idea, which emerged in Japan and has taken hld in Nrth America. He shared his visin with senirs in his class. The senirs researched tiny frests and made a prpsal resulting in Clean Water Services dnating 60 trees and $5,000 frm the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin. Armed with these resurces, Walsh and the students started wrking. “Smething I didn’t really expect was the utpuring f students’ enthusiasm. Seeing students frm all grades vlunteered t cntribute t the ‘dirty wrk’ really blew me away,” Walsh said.
Senir Megan Cver has been at the schl since the first grade. “I’ll graduate after wrking n this prject, which is surely sad, but it’s really rewarding and great t be a part f this prject and t d my bit. We’re creating this educatinal space fr many yung kids,” Cver said.
Walsh summed up his gal f the prject, which is t build a place where students can enjy and learn abut nature. “The frest will bviusly nt slve climate change, but it wuld deserve the effrts if the kids think abut climate change and remember the imprtance f refrestatin and trees when they lk utside at the frest.”
61．What is special abut tiny frests?
A．They riginated in Nrth America.
B．They are usually planted in schls.
C．They cntain varius types f trees.
D．They becme mature in a shrter time.
62．What surprised Walsh in the prcess f planting the tiny frest?
A．The abundance f native tree species.
B．Public cncern abut the envirnment.
C．The active participatin f students.
D．Supprt frm lcal rganizatins.
63．Hw des Megan Cver feel abut the prject?
A．Prud.B．Hpeful.C．Excited.D．Grateful.
64．What des Walsh want the frest t functin as fr the students?
A．A surce f enjyment.B．A reminder.
C．A surce f inspiratin.D．A witness.
【答案】61．D 62．C 63．A 64．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在老师Patrick Walsh的带领下，学校的学生合力种下了一片小森林，在若干年后，这个地区将成为动物和居民的自然栖息地和游乐场。
61．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Frests typically take hundreds f years t mature, with fur stages f grwth. “Tiny frests flatten ut time thrugh the planting f all fur layers (层),” Walsh explained. The end result is a fast—grwing, native frest in abut 20 years. (森林通常需要数百年才能成熟，有四个生长阶段。Walsh解释说：“小森林通过种植所有四层植物将时间变快。”最终的结果是在大约20年的时间里，一个快速生长的原生森林。)”可知森林通常需要数百年才能成熟，但是小森林的生长时间大大缩短了，即他们在较短的时间内变得成熟；故选D项。
62．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中““Smething I didn’t really expect was the utpuring f students’ enthusiasm. Seeing students frm all grades vlunteered t cntribute t the ‘dirty wrk’ really blew me away,” Walsh said. (“我没有预料到的是学生们的热情会如此高涨。看到来自各个年级的学生自愿参与‘脏活’，我真的惊呆了。”Walsh说。)”可知Walsh 没有预料到学生们的热情会如此高，各个年级的学生都积极参与进来，这让他震惊；故选C项。
63．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Senir Megan Cver has been at the schl since the first grade. “I’ll graduate after wrking n this prject, which is surely sad, but it’s really rewarding and great t be a part f this prject and t d my bit. We’re creating this educatinal space fr many yung kids,” Cver said. (高三学生Megan从一年级开始就在学校了。“我将在完成这个项目之后毕业，这当然令人难过，但是能够参与这个项目并尽自己的一份力量，真的是一件非常有意义和伟大的事情。我们正在为许多年轻孩子创造这样的教育空间。”)”可知Megan认为这是一件非常有意义和伟大的事情，由此可推断，她为自己能够参与到小森林项目中为孩子们创造一片具有教育意义的空间感到自豪；故选A项。
64．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The frest will bviusly nt slve climate change, but it wuld deserve the effrts if the kids think abut climate change and remember the imprtance f refrestatin and trees when they lk utside at the frest.” (森林显然不能解决气候变化问题，但是如果孩子们能够考虑到气候变化问题，并且在看到森林的时候记住重新造林和树木的重要性，那么这些努力都是值得的。”)”可知，Walsh认为如果孩子们看到小森林时能想到气候变化问题以及重新造林和树木的重要性，那他们付出的努力就值得；由此可推断，Walsh希望小森林能够对学生们起到提醒作用，故选B项。
（2023上·山东·高一山东省实验中学校考期末）
Shuld we allw mdern buildings t be built next t lder buildings in a histric area f a city? In rder t answer this questin, we must first examine whether peple really want t preserve the histric feel f an area. Nt all histrical buildings are attractive. Hwever, there may be ther reasns—fr example, ecnmic reasns why they shuld be preserved. S, let us assume that histrical buildings are bth attractive and imprtant t the majrity f peple. What shuld we d then if a new building is needed?
In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alngside an lder style. Indeed, there are many examples in my wn hmetwn f Turs, where mdern designs have been placed very successfully next t ld buildings. As lng as the building in questin is pleasing and des nt dminate (影响) its surrundings t much, it ften imprves the attractiveness f the area.
It is true that there are examples f new buildings which have spilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said f sme ld buildings t. Yet peple still speak against new buildings in histric areas. I think this is simply because peple are naturally cnservative (保守的) and d nt like change.
Althugh we have t respect peple’s feelings as fellw users f the buildings, I believe that it is the duty f the architect and planner t mve things frward. If we always reprduced what was there befre, we wuld all still be living in caves. Thus, I wuld argue against cpying previus architectural styles and chse smething fresh and different, even thugh that might be the mre risky chice.
65．What can we learn abut histrical buildings frm paragraph 1?
A．All f them are nt attractive.
B．Mst f them are hard t preserve.
C．Peple want t preserve the histric feel.
D．They are mre pleasing than mdern nes.
66．What is the authr’s attitude t cexistence f ld buildings and new nes?
A．Dubtful.B．Unclear.C．Cnservative.D．Favurable.
67．What des the phrase “mve things frward” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Destry ld buildings.
B．Put things in a different place.
C．Chse new architectural styles.
D．Respect peple’s feelings fr histrical buildings.
68．What is the main purpse f the text?
A．T instruct.B．T argue.C．T warn.D．T educate.
【答案】65．A 66．D 67．C 68．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了现代建筑是否可以建在历史悠久地区的老建筑旁边。
65．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Nt all histrical buildings are attractive.”（并非所有的历史建筑都具有吸引力。）可知，并非所有的历史建筑都具有吸引力，由此可知，从第1段中我们可以了解到不是所有的历史建筑都具有吸引力。故选A项。
66．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alngside an lder style.”（在我看来，新的建筑风格可以与旧的风格完美共存。）可知，作者认为新的建筑风格可以与旧的风格完美共存，由此可知，作者对新旧建筑共存的态度是支持的。故选D项。
67．词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文“If we always reprduced what was there befre, we wuld all still be living in caves.”（如果我们总是复制以前的样子，我们都仍然会住在洞穴里。）可知，作者认为如果我们不选择新的建筑样式，总是复制以前的建筑风格，那么现在我们将仍然会住在洞穴里，由此可知，作者认为建筑师有责任选择新的建筑样式，推动建筑的发展，“Chse new architectural styles”意为“选择新的建筑样式”，能够表达画线短语在句中所要表达的意思。故选C项。
68．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“Shuld we allw mdern buildings t be built next t lder buildings in a histric area f a city?”（我们是否应该允许在城市历史区的老建筑旁边建造现代建筑？）可知，文章主要针对现代建筑是否可以建在历史悠久的地区进行了争论，由此可知，文章主要目的是争论现代建筑是否可以建在历史悠久的地区。故选B项。
（2023上·河南信阳·高一信阳高中校考期末）
When Dn Lyns, directr f a seabird restratin prgram, visited a small valley in Japan, he fund a lcal variety f rice called “crmrant rice”. The grain actually gt its name frm the seabirds that nested in the trees arund the pnds used t supply water t the rice fields. Their drppings (粪), rich in nitrgen (氮) and phsphrus (磷), were washed int the water and eventually went t the rice fields.
The phenmenn that Lyns encuntered is nt a new ne. What is new is that scientists have nw calculated an exact value fr seabird drppings. Given that 30 percent f the species f seabirds are endangered, researchers published a study that estimates the annual value f seabirds. “I see that peple just care abut smething when it brings benefits and when they can see the benefits,” says Daniel Plazas-Jiménez, a seabird researcher.
T shw the benefits seabirds prvide, scientists set ut t put a price tag n the animals’ drppings. The estimated value f seabird drppings as an rganic fertilizer (肥料) against the cst f replacing it with human-made chemical fertilizers was arund $474 millin. The scientists then estimated that 10% f the prfits cming frm cral reefs depend n seabird nutrients. Accrding t the United Natins, the annual ecnmic returns f cmmercial fisheries n cral reefs are abut $6.5 billin. S, 10% f this value is arund $650 millin per year.
The richness f seabird drppings in Suth America, particularly n the Chincha Islands has been dcumented fr centuries. Peple there were the first t recgnize seabirds’ agricultural benefits. At ne pint, an estimated 60 millin birds built 150-ft-high munds (堆) f drppings. Hwever, nly an estimated 4 millin seabirds nw live n the Chincha Islands. This lss is part f a glbal trend.
By the early 1840s, seabird drppings became a full-blwn industry; they were cmmercially mined, transprted and sld. The industry crashed arund 1880 and reappeared in the early 20th century. Tday, interest in seabird drppings is resurgent as cnsumer demand fr rganic agriculture and fd prcessing has risen. Hwever, the decline f seabird ppulatins caused by human activities and glbal warming is abslutely a terrible shck t sme areas’ ecnmy.
69．What was the prbable reasn fr peple’s naming their rice variety after seabirds?
A．Because seabirds fed n this variety f rice.
B．Because seabirds nested arund the rice fields.
C．Because seabirds cntributed a lt t the rice’s grwth.
D．Because seabirds and the rice depended n the same pnds.
70．What was the aim f researchers’ study?
A．T discver the phenmena related t seabirds.
B．T measure seabirds’ prductin f drppings.
C．T identify the endangered seabird species.
D．T prmte effrts t prtect seabirds.
71．Hw much is seabirds’ waste wrth per year accrding t the scientists?
A．Arund $474 millin
B．Arund $600 millin
C．Arund $1.1 billin
D．Arund $6 billin
72．What des the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?
A．Peple invest mre in the industry related t seabird drppings.
B．Peple’s enthusiasm fr seabird drppings grws strnger.
C．The interest rates f buying seabird drppings are higher.
D．The prductin f seabird drppings becmes lwer.
【答案】69．C 70．D 71．C 72．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着消费者对有机农业和食品加工的需求增加，人们对海鸟粪便的兴趣又重新燃起。科学家希望重新利用鸟粪可以唤起人们保护环境的热情。
69．细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“The grain actually gt its name frm the seabirds that nested in the trees arund the pnds used t supply water t the rice fields. Their drppings (粪), rich in nitrgen (氮) and phsphrus (磷), were washed int the water and eventually went t the rice fields.( 这种谷物的名字来源于在稻田供水的池塘周围的树上筑巢的海鸟。它们的粪便富含氮和磷，被冲进水中，最终进入稻田。)”可知，因为这种海鸟的粪便富含氮和磷，被冲进水中，最终进入稻田，这有益于稻谷的生长，所以人们用海鸟来命名他们的水稻品种的可能原因是这种鸟对稻子的巨大贡献。故选C。
70．细节理解题。根据第二段“ Given that 30 percent f the species f seabirds are endangered, researchers published a study that estimates the annual value f seabirds.( 考虑到30%的海鸟物种濒临灭绝，研究人员发表了一项估计海鸟年价值的研究。)”可知，因为研究人员发现了海鸟研究的价值，所以研究人员研究的目的促进人们更好去海鸟的保护。故选D。
71．细节理解题。根据第三段“The estimated value f seabird drppings as an rganic fertilizer (肥料) against the cst f replacing it with human-made chemical fertilizers was arund $474 millin. (估计海鸟粪便作为有机肥料的价值与用人造化肥替代有机肥料的成本之比约为4.74亿美元。)和“The scientists then estimated that 10% f the prfits cming frm cral reefs depend n seabird nutrients. Accrding t the United Natins, the annual ecnmic returns f cmmercial fisheries n cral reefs are abut $6.5 billin. S, 10% f this value is arund $650 millin per year.( 科学家们随后估计，来自珊瑚礁的利润中有10%依赖于海鸟的营养。根据联合国的数据，珊瑚礁上的商业渔业每年的经济回报约为65亿美元。10%的价值大约是每年6.5亿美元。)”可知，在科学家看来，每年鸟粪的价值是：4.74亿美元＋6.5亿美元=11.2亿美元。故选C。
72．词句猜测题。根据划线句后半句“as cnsumer demand fr rganic agriculture and fd prcessing has risen(随着消费者对有机农业和食品加工的需求增加)”可知，人们对海鸟粪便的热情日益高涨，才会让消费者对有机农业和食品加工的需求增加，由此可推知，前半句划线部分意思是“人们对海鸟粪便的热情日益高涨。”故选B。
（2022上·河南洛阳·高一孟津县第一高级中学校考期末）
Are yu patient? D yu have attentin t detail, free time and access t a cmputer? Well, then a scientist might welcme yur help. Researchers in the UK say it’s becming imprtant t cunt n cmmn peple t help them with their prjects. They need peple t examine data and submit their bservatins nline.
British teenagers Sasha and Matthew are taking part in a study f penguins (企鹅) frm the cmfrt f their hmes. The pair lk at pictures and tag (加标签于) phts identifying adults, chicks and eggs. Every click f their muse is helping t build up a detailed picture f penguin clnies (群). They, and thusands f thers, are helping scientists t understand why sme clnies are grwing and thers are decreasing. Within the first fur hurs f Penguin Watch ging live, “citizen scientists” marked mre images than the research team did in five years.
Dr. Tm Hart, Penguin Watch Crdinatr at Oxfrd University, says, “When yu g beynd what a scientist can analyse t what a mass audience can d, then it increases beynd what any ther prject culd d.”
The British Science Assciatin says families are helping ut with careful research. It made a difference t the Planet Hunters Prject, which ran fr five years. Vlunteers lked at dts which shwed hw the brightness f a star changed at different pints in its slar system.
Accrding t Dr. Rbert Simpsn frm Oxfrd University, wh tk part in the prject, the vlunteers discvered planets and these are nw in published papers. He says with pride, “We can g and lk at these planets with ther telescpes and we knw they exist because f thse helpers.”
But hw d scientists guard their research against accidental r deliberate mistakes in bservatin? Dr. Simpsn isn’t wrried. “We get lts f peple lking at the same things, ”he says. The researcher warns that peple wh are mistakenly clicking n the site are very bvius and can be identified very quickly. S, there’s n fling the scientists.
And t make sure things g well, the Penguin Watch paper will g thrugh a peer review befre being published. After that, every “citizen scientist” will be credited.
73．Accrding t the passage, wh will be suitable t help the scientists?
A．An engineer wh wrks in a cmpany.
B．A university student wh likes science.
C．A businessman wh invests in a new prject.
D．A careful teenager wh uses the cmputer smthly.
74．What is a vlunteer required t d?
A．Publish his bservatin data by himself.
B．Observe pictures and recrd his bservatin.
C．Discuss his bservatin with ther vlunteers.
D．Take his reprt t the scientist and crrect mistakes.
75．Hw culd scientists avid mistakes in bservatin?
A．By wrking with vlunteers.B．By using their wn data.
C．By identifying pictures and phts.D．By ging thrugh a peer review.
76．What’s Dr. Simpsn’s attitude twards the vlunteers’ bservatin?
A．ObjectiveB．Supprtive.C．Negative.D．Dubtful.
【答案】73．D 74．B 75．D 76．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国科学家依靠普通人来帮助他们完成科学项目的做法，及其成果。
73．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Are yu patient? D yu have attentin t detail, free time and access t a cmputer? Well, then a scientist might welcme yur help. (你有耐心吗?你是否关注细节，是否有空闲时间和是否能使用电脑?那科学家可能会欢迎你的帮助)”可推知，一个能熟练使用电脑的细心少年适合帮助这些科学家。故选D项。
74．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The pair lk at pictures and tag (加标签于) phts identifying adults, chicks and eggs. (它们会观察图片和标记图片，以识别成年、小鸡和蛋)”可知，志愿者需要观察图片并记录观察结果。故选B项。
75．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But hw d scientists guard their research against accidental r deliberate mistakes in bservatin? (但是科学家如何防止他们的研究在观察中出现意外或故意的错误呢?)”最后一段中“And t make sure things g well, the Penguin Watch paper will g thrugh a peer review befre being published. (为了确保一切顺利，《企鹅观察》的论文在发表前将经过同行评审)”可知，科学家通过同行评审来避免观察中的错误。故选D项。
76．推理判断题。根据第五段中Dr. Simpsn所说“We can g and lk at these planets with ther telescpes and we knw they exist because f thse helpers. (我们可以用其他望远镜去观察这些行星，因为有了这些帮手，我们才知道它们的存在)”可以推知，Simpsn博士对志愿者的观察持支持态度。故选B项。
（2023上·湖北·高一华中师大一附中校考期末）
Residents at risk f islatin (隔离) during the pandemic are transfrming their utdr space, creating a cmmunity garden they can enjy with families and the wider cmmunity.
The grup f men and wmen at Mandale Huse Care Hme n Acklam Rad, Thrnaby, Stcktn, are celebrating after being awarded £5, 000 frm the Natinal Lttery and Ikea’s Places Called Hme fund tday.
With visitatin restrictins in place t keep residents and staff safe at the height f the pandemic, the wrk t transfrm the garden aims t rebuild and strengthen cmmunity relatinships, as well as celebrate the links already made.
Sarah Rbinsn, activities crdinatr (统筹者) at the care setting, said: “We reached ut beynd the hme during the pandemic and have lved ding nline art sessins with Equal Arts, an rganizatin aiming at imprving lder peple’s lives with creativity. “They’ve been areal influence t keep residents invlved and engaged with the utside wrld. “Wrking with artists, residents nw want t turn their garden int a clrful and enjyable place while spending mre time tgether.”
Knwn as the Mandale Marvels, the grup will be jined by Equal Arts’ artists t build a pizza ven, grw varius vegetables and develp the utdr space fr events.
Js Frest Melville, frm Equal Arts, said: “Thrughut lckdwn nline creative sessins prved a key and effective way t keep peple cnnected. This garden will help make cmmunity cnnectins that will be lng-lasting and is smething that ties the grup and cmmunity tgether with a shared interest regardless f age, where we live r ur physical r mental capacity (能力) . I am really lking frward t the utcme f this brilliant plan.”
Over the next few mnths residents will wrk with hrticulturists, designing and creating a cmmunity garden, and visual artists t bring their ideas t life, fr all t share.
77．What is the purpse f transfrming the garden?
A．T grw mre vegetables fr fd.
B．T attract mre residents and visitrs.
C．T celebrate an award f 5, 000 punds.
D．T imprve cnnectins within the cmmunity.
78．What is Equal Arts likely t d?
A．Help the ld learn painting.B．Teach children t grw flwers.
C．Prvide the ld with medical care.D．Accmpany children at the weekend.
79．What d the underlined wrds “hrticulturists” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Peple wh make pizza vens.B．Peple wh are gd at gardening.
C．Peple wh are fnd f cmmunicating.D．Peple wh have strng mental capacity.
80．What can we learn abut the activity frm Js Frest Melville?
A．It makes use f the Internet.B．It is physically demanding.
C．It has been a great success.D．It is rganized by the cmmunity.
【答案】77．D 78．A 79．B 80．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍疫情期间，大家不能外出，一些办法被采用，目的在于更好地联系社区，联系人与人。
77．推理判断题。根据第一段“Residents at risk f islatin (隔离) during the pandemic are transfrming their utdr space, creating a cmmunity garden they can enjy with families and the wider cmmunity. (在大流行期间面临隔离风险的居民正在改造他们的户外空间，创造一个他们可以与家人和更广泛的社区一起享受的社区花园。)”可知，改造花园是为了创造一个家人邻里可以享受的社区花园。由此推知，改造花园的目的是加强社区的联系。故选D项。
78．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Sarah Rbinsn, activities crdinatr (统筹者) at the care setting, said: “We reached ut beynd the hme during the pandemic and have lved ding nline art sessins with Equal Arts, an rganizatin aiming at imprving lder peple’s lives with creativity. (护理机构的活动协调员Sarah Rbinsn表示：“在疫情期间，我们在家以外的地方进行了接触，并喜欢与Equal Arts进行在线艺术课程，该组织旨在通过创造力改善老年人的生活。)”可知，这个组织能通过教他们绘画这一形式改善老人生活。故选A项。
79．词句猜测题。根据划线句后文“designing and creating a cmmunity garden, and visual artists t bring their ideas t life, fr all t share (设计和创建社区花园，视觉艺术家将他们的想法带到生活中，供所有人分享)”可知，划线词hrticulturists应该是一类人，而这类人擅长设计创建社区花园，故应该是擅长园艺的人。故选B项。
80．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Js Frest Melville说的话的第一句“Thrughut lckdwn nline creative sessins prved a key and effective way t keep peple cnnected. (在整个封锁期间，在线创意会议被证明是保持人们联系的关键和有效方式。)”可知，他的在线创意会议利用了互联网，将人与人联系起来。故选A项。
（2023上·湖北荆州·高一荆州中学校考期末）
Yu prbably learned in elementary schl that cunting the rings f a tree trunk is a simple way t measure its histry and age. But what if yu need t find ut hw ld a live and healthy tree is withut calling in an expert?
Cutting it pen t determine its age wuld cause irreversible (不可逆转的) damage t a live tree. But there is ne quick way t determine a standing tree’s age and it calls fr a bit f math. First use a tape measure t recrd the circumference (周长) f the tree trunk at rughly 1. 3 meters frm the grund. Next, it’s time t determine the tree’s diameter (直径). T d that, divide the tree’s circumference by pi (3. 14). Then, take the diameter and multiply it by the species’ specific grwth factr (因子) number. This is where knwing the tree species is vital.
Scientists used their knwledge t uncver grwth factrs fr each tree species. Multiplying the tree’s diameter by the tree’s specific grwth factr will give yu the tree’s rugh age.
Grwth factrs vary frm tw t seven and beynd. The grwth factrs fr sme f the mst cmmn tree species include: red maple: 4. 5, cttnwd: 2, sugar maple: 5. 5, dgwd: 7, and white ak: 5. S let’s take a red maple, which has a grwth factr f 4. 5, and assume it has a circumference f 22 inches. T get its age, divide 22 inches by pi t get the tree’s diameter — 7 inches. Nw take 7 and multiply that by 4. 5, which is the red maple’s grwth factr and yu get 31. 5, the rugh age f the tree.
This is a simple way t cunt rughly a tree’s age withut threatening the tree’s health, but it desn’t guarantee 100 percent exactness; grwth factrs are mst exact fr trees fund in healthy frests. Urban trees face stressrs like pr sil r limited grwing areas that may affect their verall health and grwth.
81．What is the prblem with the familiar methd f cunting a tree’s age?
A．It is nt exact.B．It is nt suitable fr a living tree.
C．It needs the help f an expert.D．It takes t much time.
82．What is imprtant in calculating the age f a live tree?
A．The tree species.B．The grwth speed f the tree.
C．The height f the tree.D．The living envirnment f the tree.
83．What is the age f a sugar maple 6 inches in diameter?
A．27.B．30.C．33.D．42.
84．Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．Uncver Trees’ Grwth Factrs
B．What Affects the Age f a Tree
C．Hw t Keep a Tree Live and Healthy
D．Hw t Get the Age f a Live Tree Mathematically
【答案】81．B 82．A 83．C 84．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述的是如何通过数学知识来计算活树的年龄。
81．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Yu prbably learned in elementary schl that cunting the rings f a tree trunk is a simple way t measure its histry and age.”（你可能在小学就学到，计算树干的年轮是一个简单的衡量它的历史和年龄的方法。）及第二段中“Cutting it pen t determine its age wuld cause irreversible (不可逆转的) damage t a live tree. ”（把它切开以确定它的年龄会对一棵活树造成不可逆转的伤害。）可知，人们熟悉的数树干的年轮确定树木的年龄的方法不适用于活树。故选B。
82．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Then, take the diameter and multiply it by the species’ specific grwth factr (因子) number. This is where knwing the tree species is vital.”（然后，取直径乘以物种的特定生长因子数。这是了解树种的至关重要的地方。）可知，要确定一棵活树的年龄，知道这种树的种类是非常重要的。故选A。
83．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Multiplying the tree’s diameter by the tree’s specific grwth factr will give yu the tree’s rugh age.”（把树的直径乘以树的特定生长因子，你就得到了树的大概年龄。）及第四段中“The grwth factrs fr sme f the mst cmmn tree species include: red maple: 4. 5, cttnwd: 2, sugar maple: 5. 5, ”（一些最常见的树种的生长因子包括：红枫：4；杨木：2，；糖枫： 5.5）可知，糖枫的特定生长因子为5.5，结合题干中提到的直径为6英寸，所以这棵糖枫的树龄为：5.5 *6=33，故选C。
84．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据文章第二段中“But there is ne quick way t determine a standing tree’s age and it calls fr a bit f math. ”（但是有一种快速的方法可以确定一棵活树的年龄，这需要一些数学知识。）同时结合下文中提到的具体的计算方法，因而推断本文主要讲述的是如何通过数学知识来计算活树的年龄的方法。D项“如何用数学方法计算出一棵活的树的年龄”为最佳标题。故选D。
（2023上·湖南·高一长郡中学校考期末）
When watching sprts events, we ften ntice athletes with their earphnes n while preparing in the lcker rm r entering the stadium. They keep their eyes shut, and gently nd alng the beats. It seems as if the music is empwering them and tughening them up fr the cmpetitin. But is there any science behind such practice?
Accrding t a recent research, it turns ut there is. Music actually des make us feel pwerful, but nt all sngs have the same effect. The research was led by Dennis Hsu f the Kellgg Schl f Management at Nrthwestern University in the US. His team had peple listen t 31 sngs f different types. The listeners felt pwerful after listening t sme sngs, such as Queen’s We Will Rck Yu and 2 Unlimited’s Get Ready fr This. Researchers als fund that high-pwer music made peple want t take cntrl in scial events and cme first in cmpetitin. As fr the reasn fr music’s magical pwer, Hsu’s team came up with ne pssible explanatin: When peple hear music that expresses a sense f pwer, they mimic these feelings in their mind.
S, when chsing music, we need t lk at the type f music. In previus research by the Music in Exercise and Sprt Grup at Brunel University in Lndn, they fund that pp was perfect fr slwer, mre repetitive-type tasks. Dance music was fund t be best suited t strength and weight training because it’s “fast and rhythmical”. During high-intensity wrkuts, thugh, yu’d better nt listen t rck. Its different changes in temp can affect yur rhythm.
85．Why athletes were mentined in the first paragraph?
A．T list things athletes have in cmmn with ther peple.
B．T describe athletes’ cmmn habits befre sprts games.
C．T get readers t wnder whether music matters in sprts.
D．T explain why athletes like listening t music befre games.
86．Which f the fllwing statements might Dennis Hsu agree with?
A．Listening t music can always bst the athlete’s perfrmance.
B．Peple listening t pwerful music are likely t prduce similar feelings.
C．The result f a game is mainly affected by the physical cnditin f the players.
D．Mst athletes dn’t knw the effects f high-pwer music n their perfrmance.
87．If yu want t cl dwn after exercise, what kind f music will be suitable?
A．Pp music.B．Dance music.C．Rck.D．Blues.
88．Hw did the authr make his pints clear?
A．With cmparisns.B．Thrugh examples.
C．By giving general rules.D．Thrugh listing figures.
【答案】85．C 86．B 87．A 88．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了音乐类型对体育运动的影响，并介绍了相关研究以及发现。
85．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It seems as if the music is empwering them and tughening them up fr the cmpetitin. But is there any science behind such practice?(似乎音乐赋予了他们力量，让他们在比赛中更加坚强。但这种做法背后有科学依据吗？)”是一个承上启下句，可推知第一段提到运动员是为了让读者思考音乐在体育运动中是否重要。故选C。
86．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When peple hear music that expresses a sense f pwer, they mimic(模拟) these feelings in their mind.(当人们听到表达力量感的音乐时，他们会在脑海中模仿这些感觉)”可知，当人们听有力量的音乐时内心会产生与音乐类似的感受。故选B。
87．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In previus research by the Music in Exercise and Sprt Grup at Brunel University in Lndn, they fund that pp was perfect fr slwer, mre repetitive-type tasks.(在伦敦布鲁内尔大学的运动和运动音乐小组之前的研究中，他们发现流行音乐对于较慢、重复性较高的任务来说是完美的)”可推知，运动后需要放松，做重复的动作，所以适合听流行音乐（Pp music）。故选A。
88．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In previus research by the Music in Exercise and Sprt Grup at Brunel University in Lndn, they fund that pp was perfect fr slwer, mre repetitive-type tasks. Dance music was fund t be best suited t strength and weight training because it’s “fast and rhythmical”. During high-intensity wrkuts, thugh, yu’d better nt listen t rck. Its different changes in temp can affect yur rhythm.(在伦敦布鲁内尔大学的运动和运动音乐小组之前的研究中，他们发现流行音乐对于较慢、重复性较高的任务来说是完美的。舞曲被发现最适合力量和重量训练，因为它“快而有节奏”。然而，在高强度的训练中，你最好不要听摇滚乐。节奏的不同变化会影响你的节奏)”可知，作者通过举例子来说明自己的观点“运动时，听动感音乐能给予人力量。”故选B。