【期中真题】江苏省南京市金陵中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期中检测英语试题.zip

2022届高三第一学期英语学科期中检测

考试时间：120分钟

第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节    （共15小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分）

A

There is a bit of confusion when it comes to whether eating while driving is allowed in Australia as it is kind of a legal gray area in most states. While there are no specific road rules that ban eating behind the wheel, drivers might as well not eat on the road to avoid being heavily fined.

NEW SOUTH WALES

If the police catch you eating while driving in New South Wales, they can book you for driving without proper control of the vehicle. This comes with a $448 fine and three demerit points and that rises to a $561 fine and four demerit points if the offence is committed in a school zone.

AUSTRALINA CAPITAL TERRITORY

Not pulling over to eat can also land you in hot water in the ACT. Much like NSW, drivers can be charged with driving without proper control of their car, which comes with a $292 fine. Drivers can also be given a $385 fine and three demerit points if their distraction results in a crash.

VICTORIA

In Victoria, you could be forced to pay a $387 fine along with racking up three demerit points if the police catch you having a meal on the road.

SOUTH AUSTRALIA

While the law in South Australia doesn’t specifically state that eating while driving is illegal, the SA Driver’s Handbook does name eating as a common distraction. Driving without having proper control of the vehicle could cost you $184 and six demerit points in South Australia.

NORTHERN TERRITORY

If the police catch a driver eating on the road in the Northern Territory, they may charge him with “driving in a dangerous manner”. This means the driver could get a $500 fine and three demerit points.

1. What does the underlined sentence suggest?

A. It is not an easy job to ban eating while driving in the state.

B. Eating behind the wheel can cause the driver lots of trouble.

C. It is important to educate drivers to be aware of driving safety.

D. It is common that many drivers in the state eat while driving.

2. How much will a driver caught eating while driving in a school zone in NSW be fined?

A. $385. B. $387. C. $448. D. $561.

3. Where will a driver be fined most if caught eating behind the wheel?

A. In the Northern Territory. B. In Victoria.

C. In South Australia D. In the Australian Capital Territory.

B

Independent living at home is the ideal for every aging person. But a fall or other health-threatening incidents can change everything rapidly.

The wearable “panic buttons” introduced in the late 1980s were a great advance. But they only work if people actually wear them and can reach the button in an emergency. Today there are passive wearables that automatically detect falls, and camera-based systems to monitor elder safety.

Coming from a 40-year career in the semiconductor and wireless communication field, Rafi Zack decided to find a better alternative. “People aren’t devoted to wearing small devices 24/7, and camera-based systems are an invasion（侵犯）of privacy,” he points out, “The most challenging aspect is a fall. How fast we can detect a fall matters because the medical situation worsens quickly. Sometimes people stay on the floor for a long time. We have to find out how to solve that problem.”

Zack is a co-founder, CEO and vice president of R&D at EchoCare Technologies which has developed ECHO (Elderly Care Home Observer), a cloud-connected monitor based on radar technology and machine learning.

Because radar sees through walls, one ECHO unit fixed on the ceiling or wall can monitor one person (or two persons, in a future version) in a standard-sized apartment in a senior living facility. The device detects falls, breathing difficulties, drowning in a bathtub and other dangerous events. It gives out warnings to potential health worsening conditions by continuously monitoring and analyzing the person’s location, posture（姿势）, motion and breath. EchoCare tested the device in the United States, Japan, Australia and Israel. ECHO was certified（认证）in 2019 in Japan with the most aging population in the world.

“Bathrooms were the main testing area where about 17,000 deadly accidents happen annually.” said SMK Director and Executive Vice President Tetsuo Hara. “Bathroom makers, home security service providers and nursing homes are highly interested in EchoCare’s solution.” Zack noted, “As more and more elder people live alone as a result of social distancing, there is an increased need to monitor them without the burden of wearables or privacy-invading cameras.”

4. What’s the advantage of ECHO over “panic buttons”?

A. It has camera-based systems. B. It has been widely accepted.

C It can function without cameras. D. Its buttons can be easily reached.

5. What can we know about ECHO from paragraph 5?

A. It is designed to send out warnings regularly.

B. It monitors dangerous health-related events.

C. It was certified in many developed countries.

D. It detects more than one person at the same time.

6. What can we infer about the future of ECHO?

A. It’ll become more popular with the elderly.

B. It’ll stop 17,000 deaths happening annually.

C. It’ll be used in nursing homes and hospitals.

D. It’ll help elderly people to live an active life.

7. What can be the best title for the passage?

A. An Advanced Medical Instrument

B. A High-tech Monitor for the Elderly

C. The Invention of a Healthcare Device

D. The Improvement of a Medical Facility

C

“The really frightening thing about middle age” the actor Doris Day is said to have joked, “is that you know you'll grow out of it.” We may bravely try to claim that life begins at 40- but for many people，it can feel more like the beginning of the end.

Mid life wasn't always seen this way. It isn't clear why we have a more negative view today, but Margie Lachman, director of the lifespan development lab at Brandeis University in Massachusetts, suggests it may be linked to the pressures that begin piling up in our 30s. “Midlife is a period of high stress today, more so than in the past,” she says. “One is exactly in the middle of work and family careers. This can affect one's ability to focus on one's own well-being.”

There are, however, many reasons to feel positive about this crucial period. In a series of experiments, Laura Germine at Harvard Medical School has tested tens of thousands of people to examine the differences in cognitive abilities between age groups. Germine's studies have included the famous “mind in the eyes” test, for instance, which gets people to infer emotional states from small differences in facial expressions. She found that people in their late 40s scored highest. This may be due to practice, she suggests. “When you think about the amount of social differences that one has to learn across the lifespan- that's where we think that comes from.”

Germine found similar patterns in a task demanding continuous attention. In this, the participants had to watch different scenes fade into one another and adapt their response according to what they saw-pressing a button when they saw a city and releasing it when they saw a mountain. 40-somethings found it much easier to “get into the zone” than younger people.

It is interesting to note that middle-aged people frequently bring in the most supplies in traditional hunter-gatherer societies. According to various studies, hunter-gatherers often take decades to learn their skills, and these abilities continue to grow into their 40s.

There are some downsides to hitting this age, of course. Our skin tends to become loose and our body fat starts to be redistributed around the midriff. But after a drop in life satisfaction, happiness is already set to rise at the end of this decade and the beginning of the next.

Contrary to popular opinion, humans seem to have evolved to flourish into middle age and beyond.

8. What can we infer from the first paragraph?

A. Doris Day felt excited in her 40s. B. It's believed that life begins at 40.

C. Lots of people feel worried at 40. D. We are supposed to be braver at 40.

9. Which of the followings is TRUE according to the text?

A. People in their 40s attach more importance to their well-being.

B. There seem to be reasons for us to be optimistic about middle age.

C. The participants in their 40s did badly in Germine's experiments.

D. Humans' physical appearance definitely gets worse in their 40s.

10. The underlined word “flourish” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.

A. Succeed B. Panic C. Calm D. Decline

11. Where is the text probably taken from?

A. A textbook B. An art review.

C. A science magazine. D. A biography.

D

Of all the journalism specialties, science writing may well be the most challenging. Science writers cover fields undergoing some of the most rapid advances in history, from stunning advances in genetics and biotechnology to exotic discoveries in astrophysics. A science writer’s week may include coverage of new discoveries about viruses, the brain, evolution, artificial intelligence, planets around other suns, and global climate change and its environmental impact, to name only a few topics.

Writing anything that’s any good is hard work, but science writers labor tinder a particular, and rather peculiar, set of constraints. Science is new — only about 400 years old, as a going concern — and prodigious, having transformed our conception of the universe and of our place in it. But precisely because its impact has been so rapid and so monumental, science has not yet been absorbed into our common consciousness. Readers come to the printed page already knowing something about crime and punishment, love and loss, triumph and tragedy — but not, necessarily, about the roles played by theory and observation in identifying a virus or tracing the curvature of intergalactic space. Hence science writers have to keep explaining things, from the significance of scientific facts to the methods by which they are adduced, while simultaneously holding the readers’ attention and moving the story along. It’s as if business reporters had to constantly explain what is meant by “turning a profit”, or sportswriters by “scoring a touchdown”.

Unsurprisingly, we science writers are often misunderstood. People tend to assume that we write computer software manuals or those buckram-bound engineering textbooks assigned to students in technical studies. Fellow authors dismiss us as translators. Editors may think us narrow. A quarter-century ago, when I was struggling to move away from writing about politics and rock music in order to concentrate on astronomy, the editor of a major magazine pressed me to do an article, called “The Bionic Man”, on artificial body parts. When I declined, he became impatient.

“Well what do you want to write about?” he asked, throwing up his hands, like a motorist cut off in traffic.

“Astronomy,” I replied.

“You’ve already written about astronomy!”

“Yes, but I like it. It was my original interest in life.”

“Aren’t you afraid of becoming some sort of Johnny One Note?”

“Well, not really. You know, what’s out there is something like ninety-nine, then a decimal point, then twenty-eight more nines per cent of everything. Covering nearly everything doesn’t seem all that limiting. And it leads to lots of other things.”

I’ve been on the wrong side of arguments with editors more often than it is comfortable to recall, but on this occasion I turned out to have been right. Astronomy did lead to everything else. It led me into other sciences of course — among them physics, chemistry, and biology — and also, by many winding paths, to poetry, literature, history, philosophy, art, music, and into conversation with some of the smartest and most creative people in the world.

12. According to the writer, what is the main difficulty facing science writers?

A. Finding new science topics.

B. Meeting the reader’s expectations of science.

C Overcoming the reader's unfamiliarity with science.

D. Keeping up with the rapid developments in science.

13. Why did the writer refuse to write about The Bionic Man?

A. He had no expertise in the topic.

B. He was not passionate about the topic.

C. He did not realize the potential of the topic.

D. He did not want to write about the same topic again.

14. Which of the following statements about the writer is NOT true?

A. He finds it difficult to get recognition from others as a science writer.

B. He feels quite comfortable with the previous arguments he had with editors.

C. A keen interest in astronomy contributes to his exploration of other disciplines.

D. Astronomy helps him form a connection with some great minds in the world.

15. Which word best describes the tone of the last paragraph?

A. indifference B. amusement C. frustration D. satisfaction

第二节    （共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分）

On May 7, 2008, three men robbed a bank in a city called Waldorf of Maryland in the USA. They drove away in a van with a bag of money. They thought they had escaped. But the bank had put a pack of chemicals in the money bag, and the pack exploded. ____16____ Soon afterward, the police arrested one of the robbers. How did the police find him so quickly? DNA from the robbers’ blood was found on the bag of money.

DNA consists of genetic material that is found everywhere in our body, such as in our blood, skin, and saliva. It is our genetic fingerprint. All people have similar DNA, but no two people have the exact same DNA.

____17____The testing works like this: After a crime occurs, the police collect evidence from a crime scene. Some of this evidence may be DNA samples, such as hairs or blood. ____18____ The database is computerized, and it has millions of DNA samples in it. These DNA fingerprints are taken from people all over the country who have been arrested or convicted of crimes. If the DNA in the evidence matches someone’s DNA fingerprint, that person is probably guilty of the crime. But if the evidence does not match, the person is probably innocent.

____19____ If DNA evidence is not collected or stored properly, for example, the tests may give wrong results. But it is still more reliable than other types of evidence. Witnesses may identify the wrong person. Lawyers, jurors, judges, and the police can make mistakes. DNA testing is usually accurate. ____20____

A. DNA testing is not perfect.

B. The police then set up a DNA database in the country.

C. The robbers dropped the bag, got out of the van, and ran away.

D. The robbers didn’t think the chemicals were anything dangerous.

E. How is DNA used to identify a criminal when a crime has been committed?

F. The police then compare this DNA to DNA samples from an official database.

G. It is the best way we have to prove that someone is guilty or innocent of a crime.

第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节    （共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

In life, do you choose to take the road everyone has taken, or do you choose the path that is best for you? It might be ____21____ to choose what everyone has done, especially if it seemed to work for them. But is that what truly ____22____ for you?

On a recent hiking ____23____, my partner and I decided to take a popular trail in the ____24____ direction. This was an old, well-traveled trail that people had been hiking and biking from A to Z for years. For our own reasons, we chose to travel from Z to A. Going backwards made more sense with my ____25____. The trip would take several days and going backwards ____26____ that I would end the trip closer to the airport for my flight home.

As my partner and I walked, everyone crossing our path had something to say, “You're going the wrong way. Are you lost? Are you returning ____27____ you forgot something? Are you crazy? The path occasionally crossed a ____28____. When it did, even passing cars beeped to ____29____ us in the “right” direction.

Why did people only see one way? Because that's what everyone does? Because that's how it's always been done? We even ____30____ to talk to a Danish woman who said, “We have a(n)    ____31____ in my country: when you go backwards to everyone else, it's because you're avoiding something.” I couldn't believe it. We were just enjoying connecting with nature, hiking the way that best ____32____ us. Had we gone the “wrong” way? No. At least, not for us.

I decided to ____33____ the path I chose. ____34____, we had an amazing experience. Choosing the “wrong” path was right for me. When your inner ____35____ tells you something is right (or wrong), listen to it. It's your instinct. It's speaking to you for a reason and it knows, better than anyone, what's best for you.

21. A. anxious B. normal C. awkward D. impressive

22. A. designs B. plans C. works D. prepares

23. A. race B. test C. project D. trip

24. A. opposite B. wrong C. common D. accessible

25. A. emotion B. target C. schedule D. request

26. A. supposed B. ensured C. provided D. permitted

27. A. if B. because C. while D. yet

28. A. plain B. valley C. trail D. highway

29. A. point B. inspire C. protect D. support

30. A. expected B. stopped C. agreed D. hesitated

31. A. saying B. point C. myth D. spell

32. A. instructed B. confused C. offered D. suited

33. A. show off B. think over C. pick out D. stick to

34. A. Probably B. Hopefully C. Eventually D. Knowingly

35. A. desire B. feeling C. voice D. reaction

第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

China’s Zhurong Mars rover, dropped away from its orbiting Tianwen-1 mothership, touched down on the red planet early Saturday. China has become the third nation in human history to land safely on the surface of Mars-____36____its first attempt.

Zhurong, named after the god of fire in Chinese mythology, landed on a broad plain known as Utopia Planitia Friday at 7:18 p. m.

Like NASA’s Perseverance rover before it, Zhurong____37____ (rely) on a heat shield (抗热涂层) and a protective aeroshell____38____ (protect) it from the extreme temperatures generated after hitting the atmosphere at nearly three miles per second. Once through the plasma heating zone, a large parachute (降落伞) opened as planned, quickly____39____ (slow) the craft to sub-sonic speeds.

____40____ (final), about seven minutes after hitting the atmosphere, the lander was programmed to fall free of its parachute, firing small rocket____41____ (engine) for a powered descent (下降) to the surface.

The last 10 months have been for Martian____42____ (explore). Three spacecraft, including Tianwen-1, were launched to Mars in July 2020. The United Arab Emirates’ Hope orbiter,____43____will survey Mars’ atmosphere from space, put____44____ (it) into orbit in February. Not long after, NASA’s now-famous rolling rover, Perseverance, and its history-making flying companion Ingenuity, reached_____45_____surface of Mars, landing in an ancient lakebed that may once have been home to Martian life.

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节 （满分15分）

46. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim听说外卖点餐(ordering meals online)在中国很流行，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括:

1. 你是否经常外卖点餐；

2. 你对外卖点餐的看法或感受。

注意: 1.词数100左右；

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

第二节 （满分25分）

47. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

The Jungle Adventures of Eduardo and Me

For the first time, I came in contact with one of the cutest animals I had seen in all my years of adventuring through the jungle, an orangutan.

To be honest, I thought wild animals would be more frightened of humans than this little creature was.

The following morning I woke up in surprise because I felt something getting dropped on my face. As I opened my eyes and looked around, I saw the orangutan in the same position as it was last night. The only difference was that it was eating some type of fruit. After I had watched its behaviors for a short time, I realized that when it had done eating, it would drop the peel of the fruit on me. Never did I imagine that the animal would still be here.

I began to pack up my gear so I could head out of the jungle while it was still light out. I also figured that if the orangutan was going to stick with me while I found my way out, I might as well give it a name. I took one hard look at it and the name Eduardo popped in my head.

“You look like an Eduardo, so that’s what I am going to call you,” I said to it. After named him, Eduardo looked up at me and smiled a full-toothed smile that I had never seen any animal ever made before.

My bag was packed, and, as I was about to set on, Eduardo latched onto my legs once again, thinking that I was going to leave him behind. “Come on, little guy. I guess you are coming with me,” I told him as we started to walk. Eduardo unlatched himself from me, climbed up the trees, and started to swing from the vines in front of me. “Huh,” I thought. “It’s like he’s leading the way for me.” I put my trust in this little creature and followed the directions it was giving me for a good hour.

A little while later, I came to a complete stop when I realized that Eduardo had stopped. Being right in front of us was a not-so-nice looking tiger. Eduardo had stopped in the middle of hanging from a branch when he realized that the vicious animal was lying in my path.

Paragraph 1:

This was just great How was I supposed to get past this thing without it seeing me?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

I reached up and gave him a hug and said, “You, my friend, are a life saver. ”

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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