【期中真题】重庆市第八中学校2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试题.zip

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重庆八中 2022—2023 学年度(上)半期考试高一年级
英语试题
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which shirt does the man like?
A. The blue one. B. The yellow one. C. The pink one.
2. What will the man probably do?
A. Step out with the woman.
B. Contact the woman later.
C. Wait for Brad’s call.
3. What are the speakers trying to do?
A. Take a long walk.
B. Reduce the noise.
C. Find a quieter place.
4. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a library. B. In a classroom. C. In a bookstore.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A season. B. A city. C. The weather.
第二节(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。
6. When will the speakers leave for the airport?
A At 3:00. B. At 3:30. C. At 4:30.
7. How will the speakers get to the airport?
A. By taxi. B. By subway. C. By car.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。
8. How many nights does the man want to stay at the hotel?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three.
9 What will the woman do next?
A. Work on some reports. B. Make a reservation. C. Go sightseeing.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。
10. How does the woman feel now?
A. Worried. B. Relieved. C. Excited.
11. What are the speakers going to do?
A. Play football. B. Watch a game. C. Visit a stadium.
12. What makes the man happy?
A. Getting a good seat.
B. Having a football shirt.
C. Buying the tickets in time.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。
13. Who will graduate from college?
A. Sam. B. Cathy. C. Peter.
14. Why does the woman send her son to China?
A. He will study there.
B. She wants him to work there.
C. He is interested in Chinese culture.
15. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Keep a secret. B. Show her around. C. Offer some advice.
16. What is the probable relationship between the man and Judy?
A. Brother and sister. B. Husband and wife. C. Mother and son.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。
17. What does the speaker think of his first marathon?
A. Disappointing. B. Difficult. C. Satisfying.
18. Which marathon does the speaker like best?
A. The one in Japan.
B. The one in Iceland.
C. The one in Thailand.
19. Why does the speaker find the race in Kuala Lumpur hardest?
A. He was too nervous.
B. He lacked training beforehand.
C. He didn’t take his running shoes.
20. What made the speaker shocked in the race in Russia?
A. He got the third place.
B. It took place in hot weather.
C. He completed his challenge.
第二部分 英语知识运用
单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. It is strongly recommended that the date ________ by two days.
A. should advance B. be advanced
C. has been advanced D. is advanced
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：强烈建议将日期提前两天。根据句意分析句子可知，句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句，句中的recommend意为“建议”，所以后面that从句中的谓语动词应该用should+动词原形，should可以省略，且从句的主语the date和谓语动词advance之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态。故选B项。
2. Many of the churches and castles we see today________ the 19th and early 20th centuries.
A. are dated back to B. date back to
C. will be dated back to D. will date back to
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：我们今天看到的许多教堂和城堡都可以追溯到19世纪和20世纪初。date back to意为“追溯到”，不用被动语态，排除A和C；句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，故选B。
3. Selecting a digital camera for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly.
A is developing B. has developed
C. will have developed D. will develop
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：选择一台数码相机供个人使用并非易事，因为技术发展得如此迅速。根据语境可知技术发展是一个现阶段正在进行的动作，故应使用现在进行时。故选A。
4. Spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes________ very difficult ________ other things in life.
A. it; focusing on B. that; to focus on
C. that; focusing on D. it; to focus on
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查it用法和固定句型。句意：花太多时间上网是不健康的，会让你很难专注于生活中的其他事情。根据句意和句中的make以及形容词difficult分析句子可知，该题是考查由make构成的固定句型make it+adjective+to do something，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，形容词作宾语补足语。而代词that是不可以作形式宾语或形式主语的。故选D项。
5. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ________ was beyond his wildest dream.
A. who B. that C. which D. what
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他的电影在电影节上得了几个奖，这是他做梦也想不到的。根据句意分析句子可知，逗号后面的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，代指前面句子的内容；关系代词who只能代指人，所以排除A项；that不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以排除B项；what不是关系代词，不可以引导定语从句，排除D项。which可以引导非限制性定语从句，代指前面主句的内容。故选C项。
6. The teenager________ cleaning up the campus________ playing computer games.
A. preferred to; than B. preferred; to
C. preferred to; to D. preferred; than
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这个少年宁愿打扫校园也不愿玩电脑游戏。prefer doing...to doing...是固定短语，意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……”，故选B。
7. Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day________ along the new highway________ Cusco to Lake Titicaca.
A. driving; connected B. drove; connecting
C. driving; connecting D. drove; connected
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：您可以沿着连接Cusco和Titicaca湖的新公路开车，享受美丽的乡村风光。spend some time doing是固定短语，意为“花费时间做某事”，第一空用ing形式；as引导的从句中谓语是spend，空格处用非谓语动词，highway和connect之间是主谓关系，因此第二空用现在分词，表主动。故选C。
8. It’s not what you think but what you do________ counts.
A. what B. which C. as D. that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句。句意：重要的不是你怎么想，而是你怎么做。根据句意和“It’s”可知，句子是强调句，结构是“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”，句中强调的是“not what you think but what you do”，因此空格处是that，故选D。
9. Li Na is still recognized as one of the best tennis players around the world she has retired.
A. as if B. since C. even though D. now that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管李娜已经退役，但她仍然被认为是世界上最好的网球运动员之一。A. as if好像；B. since既然；C. even though尽管；D. now that既然。由句意可知，“李娜已经退役”和“她仍然被认为是世界上最好的网球运动员之一”是让步转折关系，even though符合句意。故选C项。
10. They were given nothing________ dry bread and water for their evening meal.
A. other than B. rather than C. more than D. less than
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了干面包和水，他们晚上什么也没有吃。A. other than除了；B. rather than而不是；C. more than超过；D. less than少于。短语nothing other than表示“除……外没有别的”。故选A。
11. China’s high-speed railways________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. grew B. have grown C. had grown D. grow
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：中国的高速铁路在过去几年里从9000公里增长到25000公里。根据句意和句中“in the past few years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，谓语动词为“have/has done”，“high-speed railways”和“have”连用，“grow”的过去分词为“grown”，故空格处应填“have grown”。故选B项。
12. I have been out of work for half a year, so I want to ______ a job in this company.
A. prepare for B. take out C. work out D. apply for
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我已经失业半年了，所以我想申请这家公司的工作。A. prepare for准备；B. take out取出；C. work out解决；D. apply for申请。根据前文句意以及后文“a job”可知，此处应指“申请工作”。故选D项。
13. I often ______ you with your sister-----you look so alike.
A. contact B. confuse C. compare D. compete
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我经常把你和你的妹妹弄混。----你们长得太像了。A.contact 联系；B.confuse 使混乱;C.compare比较； D.compete竞争。根据“ you look so alike”可知，我经常把你和你的妹妹弄混。故选B项。
14. He cannot concentrate________ the reading due to the________ scream outside the library.
A. on; annoying B. on; annoyed C. to; annoying D. to; annoyed
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和形容词词义辨析。句意：由于图书馆外面恼人的尖叫声，他无法集中精力读书。第一空为短语concentrate on表示“集中于”；第二空修饰scream应用-ing结尾形容词annoying，annoyed常用于修饰人，表示“生气的”不符合语境。故选A。
15. This book, which is quite _______ beginners, has been a best seller on the Internet in recent years.
A. responsible for B. concerned for C. suitable for D. grateful for
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这本书很适合初学者，近年来在网上很畅销。A. responsible for对······负责；B. concerned for关心······；C. suitable for对······合适；D. grateful for对······感激。由“这本书近年来在网上很畅销”可知，说明它很适合（suitable for）初学者，所以买的人多。故选C项。
第三部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Smokejumpers
Every year, wildfires destroy millions of hectares of forest. Homes are damaged, and thousands of people die. Smokejumpers are helping to stop this.
What is the smokejumper?
Smokejumpers are a special type of firefighter. They jump from planes into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot, like the middle of a mountain forest. They race to put out fires as fast as they can.
What do smokejumpers do?
At a fire site, smokejumpers first examine the land and decide how to fight the fire. Their main goal is to stop a fire from spreading. Using basic equipment such as shovels and axes, smokejumpers clear land of burnable material like plants and other dry material. They carry water with them too, but only a limited amount.
Who can be a smokejumper?
Although the majority of smokejumpers are men, more women are joining. The most important things are your height and weight. Smokejumpers employed in the US, for example, must be 120 to 200 pounds (54 to 91 kilograms), so they don’t get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds. Smokejumpers must also be capable of surviving in the wild.
The work is dangerous, and the hours are long. But for these firefighters, smokejumping isn’t just a job. They love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As a 28-year-old smokejumper Bob Smith says, “This is the best job for tough guys.”
16. What is the first thing a smokejumper does after arriving at a fire site?
A. Clear the land. B. Look for water.
C. Study the area. D. Record the accident.
17. If you want to be a smokejumper, you must be ________.
A. male B. heavy
C. older than 28 years of age D. within a certain weight range
18. From which website would you most probably find this text?
A. all-jobs. org B. what-is-on. com
C. adventuretours. org D. extremesports. com
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是空降森林消防员的工作内容和加入要求等。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据“What do smokejumpers do?”部分的句子“At a fire site, smokejumpers first examine the land and decide how to fight the fire.（在火灾现场，消防队员首先检查地面情况并决定如何灭火）”可知，在到达火场以后，空降森林消防员首先要研究地面的情况。故选C项。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Who can be a smokejumper?”部分的句子“The most important things are your height and weight. Smokejumpers employed in the US, for example, must be 120 to 200 pounds (54 to 91 kilograms), so they don’t get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds.（最重要的是你的身高和体重。举例来说，美国雇用的空降森林消防员必须重120到200磅(54到91公斤)，这样他们在着陆时就不会受伤，也不会被强风吹走）”可知，空降森林消防员的体重要在一定的范围以内，不能太重也不能太轻。故选D项。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。本文主要介绍的是空降森林消防员的工作内容和加入要求等。所以这篇文章应该来自和工作、职业相关的网站。故选A项。
B
Many of us have heard of Alex Honnold, who made history in 2018 when he became the first man to climb El Capitan without ropes or safety equipment. But his mother, Dierdre Wolownick, just became the oldest woman to conquer the famous peak: She reached the top on September 23 — the morning of her 70th birthday.
Dierdre, the writer and language teacher, decided to take up climbing as a means of connecting more with her son. In 2008, accompanied by her son Alex, she visited a climbing gym and completed 12 routes that first day with his help, but it was months before she worked up the courage to return and practice on her own.
Dierdre became committed to the sport, and began to meet friends and sharpen her skills. She scaled parts of Half Dome Trail and Cathedral Peak at a time when many people at her age are thinking about retirement and slowing down. The writer would go on to publish a book about her climbing experiences with Alex called The Sharp End of Life: A Mother’s Story.
“As a mother, I am impressed by this role exchange process. Parents and children often wind up changing roles in life as they get older,” she writes in her book. “But never, I thought, is that transformation as obvious as when they climb together.”
On September 23, Dierdre and her friends set out in the dark, at 6 a.m. The route is steep enough to require all fours, grabbing rocks and trees and whatever else will hold the weight. Yet despite all difficulties, the team made it to the top. “It was really inspiring to watch her and then to have her on top with all of us,” said one of Dierdre’s friends. “There was a special look on everyone’s face. We knew where we were. We knew how amazing the moment truly was.
19. Why did Dierdre start climbing mountains?
A. To celebrate her birthday. B. To know her son better.
C. To seek writing inspiration. D. To set an example for her son.
20. Which of the following best describes Dierdre?
A. Courageous and inspiring. B. Patient and responsible.
C. Devoted and generous. D. Confident and creative.
21. What does the last paragraph tell about Dierdre’s climbing journey?
A. It was arranged on her own. B. It was worth the efforts.
C. It took days to be completed. D. It required special equipment.
22. What may be a suitable title for the text?
A. Mountain climbing benefits health B. A mother goes beyond her son’s wish
C. Slow down, better your life D. Climb together, connect closer
【答案】19. B 20. A 21. B 22. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了世界级攀岩者Alex Honnold的母亲Dierdre Wolownick，为了更好地了解他，致力于攀岩运动，提高自己的技能，并于自己70岁生日时攀上了著名的山峰的故事。
【19题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Dierdre, the writer and language teacher, decided to take up climbing as a means of connecting more with her son.(Dierdre是一名作家兼语言教师，她决定通过登山来和儿子建立更多的联系。)”可知，Dierdre开始爬山是因为想更多地了解自己的儿子。故选B。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“She reached the top on September 23—the morning of her 70th birthday.(她在9月23日——她70岁生日的早晨登上了顶峰)”，第二段的“it was months before she worked up the courage to return and practice on her own(几个月后她才鼓足勇气回来独自练习)”及最后一段的“It was really inspiring to watch her and then to have her on top with all of us(看着她，然后让她和我们所有人一起站在上面，这真的很鼓舞人心。)”可知，Dierdre是一个有勇气和鼓舞人心的人。故选A。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段Dierdre的朋友的话““It was really inspiring to watch her and then to have her on top with all of us,” said one of Dierdre’s friends. “There was a special look on everyone’s face. We knew where we were. We knew how amazing the moment truly was.(Dierdre的一位朋友说：“看着她，然后让她和我们所有人一起站在上面，这真的很鼓舞人心。”每个人的脸上都有一种特殊的表情。我们知道我们在哪里。我们知道那一刻是多么的不可思议。)”可知，尽管他们遇到了很多的困难，但当看到她以及大家脸上高兴的表情，他们知道了他们现在在干什么，此刻是多么的不可思议，因此可知他们的努力没有白费。故选B。
【22题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“But his mother, Dierdre Wolownick, just became the oldest woman to conquer the famous peak: She reached the top on September 23—the morning of her 70th birthday.(但他的母亲Dierdre Wolownick刚刚成为登上这座著名山峰的最年长女性：她在9月23日——也就是她70岁生日的早晨——登上了顶峰。)”和第二段的“Dierdre, the writer and language teacher, decided to take up climbing as a means of connecting more with her son.(Dierdre是一名作家兼语言教师，她决定通过登山来和儿子建立更多的联系。)”可知，本文主要讲述了70岁的Dierdre为了更了解儿子Alex Honnold，毅然选择参与到儿子爱好的登山活动中，并取得了不小的成就，故D项“Climb together, connect closer(一起攀登，关系更近)”最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
C
Ever imagined that your simple T-shirt could cool you down by up to 5°C on hot summer days? Thanks to a recent discovery, the possibility is getting closer. The amazing invention aims to offer real relief to people eager to feel comfortable and fresh in the outdoors on hot days.
Its inventors, engineers Ma Yaoguang of Zhejiang University and Tao Guangming of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China, took a completely innovative approach. They designed a special textile (纺织品) that can absorb body heat and re-emit (重发出) its energy into space as mid-infrared radiation. This textile cools both the objects and their surroundings through a technique known as radiative cooling. This means that even when it looks like you are wearing regular shirt, you are actually wearing a device that works like a mirror.
Research conducted at Stanford University in 2017 had already managed to cool the wearer by 3°C, but this previous trial was limited. So researchers still need to test the new approach to determine how effectively the new fabric cools while the wearers are standing or walking, and not directly facing the sky, like in their trials. They also need to examine and measure how well it works when T-shirts are not in close contact with the skin.
Inventors Ma and Tao are now looking out for textile manufacturers and clothing brands that are interested in using their fabric. They estimate that the new material will increase clothing manufacturing costs by just 10 percent. “We can make it with mass production which means everybody can get a T-shirt and the cost is basically the same as their old stuff.” Tao said.
So if you are an athlete or simply someone that has to deal with the extremely high temperatures, be patient because your days of feeling hot and bothered may be coming to an end!
23. What is the purpose of the new invention?
A. To cool people off in hot weather. B. To change people’s body temperature.
C. To test the wearers’ temperature. D. To make wearers fashionable.
24. How does the special product work?
A. By sending out absorbed heat.
B. By turning sunlight into energy.
C. By keeping heat out completely.
D. By using light colors to reflect sunlight.
25. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A. The previous studies lack evidence.
B. The invention needs further testing.
C. The new textile has a good cooling effect.
D. The new textile applies to various situations.
26. What can we learn from the invention of the T-shirt?
A. Barking up the wrong tree. B. Robbing Peter to pay Paul.
C. Killing two birds with one stone. D. Putting the cart before the horse.
【答案】23. A 24. A 25. B 26. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由新材料制成的T恤，可以帮人迅速降温。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ever imagined that your simple T-shirt could cool you down by up to 5°C on hot summer days? Thanks to a recent discovery, the possibility is getting closer.(你有没有想过，在炎热的夏天，一件简单的T恤可以让你凉快5摄氏度？多亏了最近的一项发现，这种可能性正在变得越来越近。)”可知，这项新发明的目的是让人们在炎热的天气里凉快下来。故选A。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“They designed a special textile (纺织品) that can absorb body heat and re-emit (重发出) its energy into space as mid-infrared radiation. This textile cools both the objects and their surroundings through a technique known as radiative cooling.(他们设计了一种特殊的纺织品，可以吸收人体热量，并将其能量以中红外辐射的形式重新发射到太空中。这种纺织品通过一种被称为辐射冷却的技术来冷却物体及其周围的环境。)”可知，这种特殊产品是通过散发吸收的热量起作用，故选A。
【25题详解】
主旨大意题。通读第三段及第一句“Research conducted at Stanford University in 2017 had already managed to cool the wearer by 3°C, but this previous trial was limited.(斯坦福大学2017年进行的一项研究已经成功将佩戴者的温度降低了3摄氏度，但此前的试验有局限性。)”可知，第三段主要告诉我们这项发明需要进一步的测试，故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““We can make it with mass production which means everybody can get a T-shirt and the cost is basically the same as their old stuff.” Tao said.(“我们可以大规模生产，这意味着每个人都可以得到一件t恤，成本基本上和他们的旧衣服一样。”Tao说。)”和最后一段中“be patient because your days of feeling hot and bothered may be coming to an end(要有耐心，因为你感觉炎热和烦恼的日子可能就要结束了)”可知，这种新衬衫既可以降温，又经济实惠，可以说是一石二鸟，故选C。
D
In an amazing paper published last year in Science, a team led by Andreas Nieder of the University of Tubingen in Germany showed that crows — already known to be among the most intelligent of animals — are even more impressive than we knew. In fact, the evidence suggests that they are self-aware and, in an important sense, conscious (有意识的).
Crows had been observed previously to use tools to solve certain problems. Nieder’s experiment showed that the birds were actively thinking how to solve a particular problem; in effect, they were thinking it over. This ability to consciously view a problem was associated with the cerebral cortex (大脑皮层) in the brains of humans, which birds don’t have.
Other studies support the idea that the bird brain can, in principle, support the development of higher intelligence. It had not been accepted in the past due to the small size of birds’ brains. But recent research has shown that in birds, the neurons ( 神 经 元 ) are smaller and more tightly-packed, which makes sense to reduce weight and makes it easier to fly. The total number of brain cell in crows (about 1.5 billion) is about the same as that in some monkey species. But because they are more tightly-packed, the communication between the neurons seems to be better, and the overall intelligence of crows may be closer to that of gorillas (猩猩).
This research has important results for our understanding of the development of higher intelligence. First, a cerebral cortex is not needed, and there are other means to achieve the same result. Second, either the development of consciousness is very old tracing back to the last common ancestor of mammals( 哺乳动物 ) and birds about 320 million years ago, or, equally interesting, consciousness happened at least twice later on, independently in mammals and birds. Both choices raise the possibility that higher intelligence on the planet may not necessarily be mammal or human-like, but could very well be birdlike.
27. What did Andreas Nieder’s team find out about crows?
A. They can use tools to solve certain problems.
B. They are more intelligent than other animals.
C. They have left people a very good impression.
D. They are much cleverer than previously thought.
28. What does the underlined “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The development. B. Higher intelligence.
C. The bird brain. D. The idea.
29. Why do crows have high-level intelligence?
A. They have more tightly-packed brains.
B. They have a small number of brain cells.
C. Their brain neurons could communicate well.
D. Their brain cells are the same with the monkeys.
30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Higher intelligence on the planet might be different from what we imagine.
B. Cerebral cortexes are necessary for the development of higher intelligence.
C. Higher intelligence has already developed separately in different species.
D. Both mammals and birds got their intelligence from common ancestors.
【答案】27. D 28. D 29. C 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明乌鸦比我们之前认为的要聪明的多，并分析了原因。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“In an amazing paper published last year in Science, a team led by Andreas Nieder of the University of Tubingen in Germany showed that crows — already known to be among the most intelligent of animals — are even more impressive than we knew.(在去年发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇惊人的论文中，德国图宾根大学Andreas Nieder领导的研究小组表明，乌鸦——已经被认为是最聪明的动物之一——甚至比我们所知的还要令人印象深刻)”和第二段的句子“Crows had been observed previously to use tools to solve certain problems. Nieder’s experiment showed that the birds were actively thinking how to solve a particular problem; in effect, they were thinking it over.(乌鸦以前被观察到使用工具来解决某些问题。Nieder的实验表明，鸟类在积极思考如何解决一个特定的问题；实际上，它们正在仔细思考)”可知，Nieder的研究小组发现乌鸦比我们之前想象的聪明得多。故选D项。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前的句子“Other studies support the idea that the bird brain can, inprinciple, support the development of higher intelligence.(其他研究也支持这一观点，即鸟类的大脑原则上可以支持更高智力的发展)”可知，其他研究也支持这样一种观点，即鸟类的大脑原则上可以支持更高智力的发展。此处承接上文，说的是在过去，由于鸟类的大脑体积较小，这一观点一直不被接受，由此可知，It指代的就是前文提到的“鸟类的大脑原则上可以支持更高智力的发展”这一观点。故选D项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“But because they are more tightly-packed, the communication between the neurons seems to be better, and the overall intelligence of crows may be closer to that of gorillas.(但由于它们的排列更紧密，神经元之间的交流似乎更好，乌鸦的整体智力可能接近大猩猩)”可知，乌鸦的智力很高是因为它们的大脑神经元之间能够很好地交流。故选C项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“Both choices raise the possibility that higher intelligence on the planet may not necessarily be mammal or human-like, but could very well be birdlike.(这两种选择都提出了一种可能性，即地球上的高智能生物不一定是哺乳动物或类人的，而很可能是类鸟的)”可知，地球上的高智商生物可能与我们想象的不同。故选A项。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Rollerblading
Rollerblading is an excellent sport that just about anyone can enjoy. Experience and types of skating range in difficulty from simple fun skating to a much more aggressive style of skating.
After you have mastered the basics of rollerblading, you can begin to master the sport. ____31____ However, some athletes prefer to perfect their sport and compete in their chosen sport.
The sport of rollerblading has many variations and styles that allow competition. ____32____ Also known as urban skating, free skating is set in an urban setting and participants must travel through streets and travel around any obstacles as fast as possible in order to reach the finish. ____33____ Jumps, slides and grinds are basic tricks freestyle skaters often use.
____34____ It is specially enjoyed by skaters who prefer performing tricks and challenging movements. Aggressive skating can be performed in an urban setting, like free skating, and this style is often called street skating. Aggressive skaters can also be found at skateparks performing tricks on the obstacles created specifically to cater to tricks.
Street skaters use any type of urban obstacle to perform amazing tricks ranging from jumps and slides to grinds and airs. Competitions in aggressive skating require contestants to perform increasingly difficult and dangerous tricks in order to outmatch their competitors. ____35____
A. Each style requires different equipment.
B. Many freestyle skaters can also race on ice.
C. Aggressive skating is another popular form of the sport.
D. Free skating is a type about finishing as fast as possible.
E. So aggressive skating is an entertaining sports to watch.
F. Many people enjoy rollerblading for the simple pleasure of exercise.
G. In addition to emphasizing speed, free skating often includes different tricks.
【答案】31. F 32. D 33. G 34. C 35. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有关轮滑的知识。
【31题详解】
根据下文“However, some athletes prefer to perfect their sport and compete in their chosen sport.(然而，一些运动员更喜欢完善他们的运动，并在他们选择的运动中竞争。)”可知，此处和空格处是转折关系，F选项“Many people enjoy rollerblading for the simple pleasure of exercise.(许多人喜欢轮滑仅仅是为了运动的乐趣)”与下文构成转折关系，符合语境。 故选F。
【32题详解】
下文“Also known as urban skating, free skating is set in an urban setting and participants must travel through streets and travel around any obstacles as fast as possible in order to reach the finish.(自由式轮滑也被称为城市轮滑，它在城市环境中进行，参赛者必须以尽可能快的速度穿过街道，绕过任何障碍，以达到终点。)”介绍了自由式轮滑的主要特点是速度快，D选项“Free skating is a type about finishing as fast as possible.(自由式轮滑是一种从开始到结束都尽可能快的运动。)”符合语境，引起下文。故选D。
【33题详解】
上文“travel around any obstacles as fast as possible in order to reach the finish(为了到达终点，尽可能快地绕过任何障碍)”强调了速度；下文“Jumps, slides and grinds are basic tricks freestyle skaters often use.(跳跃，滑行和磨擦是自由式轮滑运动员经常使用的基本技巧。)”提到一些技巧，所以G选项“In addition to emphasizing speed, free skating often includes different tricks.(除了强调速度外，自由式轮滑通常还包括不同的技巧。)”承接上文和引起下文，符合语境。故选G。
【34题详解】
下文“Aggressive skating can be performed in an urban setting, like free skating, and this style is often called street skating.(攻击性轮滑可以在城市环境中进行，就像自由式轮滑，这种风格通常被称为街头轮滑。)”介绍了攻击性轮滑的有关知识。空格处位于句首，应该是本段的主题句，C选项“Aggressive skating is another popular form of the sport.(攻击性轮滑是另一种受欢迎的运动形式。)”能概括本段内容，可作为主题句。故选C。
【35题详解】
上文“Competitions in aggressive skating require contestants to perform increasingly difficult and dangerous tricks in order to outmatch their competitors.(攻击性轮滑比赛要求选手表演越来越困难和危险的花样，以超过他们的竞争对手。)”介绍了攻击性轮滑的技巧和难度，由此推知，它极具观赏性。E选项“So aggressive skating is an entertaining sports to watch.(所以攻击性轮滑是最具观赏性的运动之一。)”与上文构成因果关系，符合语境。故选E。
第四部分 语言知识运用(共三节，满分 40 分)
第一节 完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A man walked into a small Irish pub and ordered three beers. Bartender(酒吧侍应生) was surprised, but he____36____ that man three beers. The very next day that man ordered three beers again and drank quietly at a table. This repeated several times and____37____ people of the town knew the three beer man.
A couple of____38____ later, the bartender decided to clear this out and inquired: “Sir, could you____39____ why you order three beers all the time?” The man replied: “It seems____40____, isn’t it? You see, my two brothers live abroad at the moment, one — in France and another — in Italy. We have made a/an____41____, that every time we go to pub each of us will order____42____ two beers and it will help keeping up the family bond.”
Soon all the town have heard about the man’s____43____. Residents of the town were telling this to newcomers and even invited them to that pub to look at Three Beer Man.
____44____, one day the man came to pub and ordered only two beers, not three as usual. The bartender served him with____45____ feeling. The very next day all the town was talking about the news, and some people prayed for the ____46____ of one of the brothers.
When the man came to pub the next time and ordered two beers again, the bartender asked him: “I would like to offer____47____ to you, due to the death of your dear brother.” The man considered this for a moment: “Oh, you are probably____48____ that I order only two beers now?
Well, my two brothers are alive and well. It’s just because of my____49____. I promised myself to____50____ drinking.”
36. A. bought B. awarded C. served D. passed
37. A. shortly B. lately C. firstly D. usually
38. A. years B. months C. weeks D. hours
39. A. announce B. explain C. discuss D. find
40. A. strange B. attractive C. practical D. useless
41. A. adventure B. agreement C. contribution D. speech
42. A. extra B. unusual C. familiar D. various
43. A. joke B. story C. experience D. game
44. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. Instead D. However
45. A. bad B. good C. interesting D. dull
46. A. failure B. bravery C. absence D. loss
47. A. appreciation B. comfort C. respect D. inspiration
48. A. disappointed B. relieved C. delighted D. surprised
49. A. fault B. trouble C. decision D. dream
50. A. give off B. give up C. pick up D. pick out
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. A 41. B 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲了一个男人每次都去小酒吧点三杯啤酒，这种情形重复了好几次，人们终于搞清楚了，他和另外两个兄弟已经达成协议，每次他们去酒吧，每个人都会另外买两瓶啤酒，这将有助于保持家庭纽带，很快这个男人成了当地的名人，然而有一天这个人来到酒吧，只点了两瓶啤酒，老板以为他兄弟死了，后来得知原来是他要戒酒。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：酒保很惊讶，但还是给了那个人三杯啤酒。A. bought购买；B. awarded奖励；C. served端上；D. passed走过。根据前文“A man walked into a small Irish pub and ordered three beers.”可知一个人点了三杯啤酒，所以酒吧侍应生端上了三杯啤酒。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这样重复了几次，不久镇上的人都认识了这三个卖啤酒的人。A. shortly不久；B. lately最近；C. firstly首先；D. usually通常。根据前文“This repeated several times”以及后文“the town knew the three beer man”可知，这样重复了几次后，很快镇上的人就认识了这个人。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个星期后，酒保决定把这些清理掉，问道:“先生，你能解释一下为什么你总是点三瓶啤酒吗?”。A. years年；B. months月；C. weeks；D. hours小时。根据酒保忍不住问可以推测不可能太久和上文“This repeated several times”有重复了几次可知也不能是几小时，所以几个星期符合使劲。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个星期后，酒保决定把这件事搞清楚，问道:“先生，你能解释一下为什么你总是点三瓶啤酒吗?”。A. announce宣布；B. explain解释；C. discuss讨论；D. find发现。根据后文“The man replied: “It seems　　5　　, isn’t it? You see, my two brothers live abroad at the moment, one — in France and another — in Italy”可知，这个人是在解释为什么每次点三杯啤酒，所以酒保是在寻求解释。故选B项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看起来很奇怪，不是吗?A. strange奇怪的；B. attractive有吸引力的；C. practical实际的；D. useless无用的。根据前文“Sir, could you　　4　　why you order three beers all the time?”可知，每次都点三杯啤酒让人感觉很奇怪。故选A项。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们有个约定，每次去酒吧，每个人都要多点两杯啤酒，这样有助于保持家庭关系。A. adventure冒险；B. agreement协定；C. contribution贡献；D. speech演讲。根据后文“that every time we go to pub each of us will order　 7　　two beers”可知，每次去酒吧，每个人都要多点两杯啤酒，这是一个协定。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们有个约定，每次去酒吧，每个人都要多点两杯啤酒，这样有助于保持家庭关系。A. extra额外的；B. unusual特别的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. various各种各样的。根据前文“why you order three beers all the time？”可知，男人每次都点三杯啤酒，所以此处是额外的两杯啤酒。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快镇上所有的人都听说了这个人的故事。A. joke笑话；B. story故事；C. experience经历；D. game游戏。根据后文“Residents of the town were telling this to newcomers and even invited them to that pub to look at Three Beer Man.”可知，镇上的居民把这个故事告诉新来的人。故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一天，这个人来到酒吧，只点了两瓶啤酒，而不是往常的三瓶。A. Otherwise否则；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead相反；D. However然而。根据后文“one day the man came to pub and ordered only two beers”可知，前文说这个男人一直是点三杯啤酒，此处变两杯，前后是转折关系。故选D项。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：酒保招待他时心情很不好。A. bad坏的；B. good好的；C. interesting有趣的；D. dull迟钝的。根据后文“I would like to offer　 12　　to you, due to the death of your dear brother.”可知，是酒保认为他有个兄弟去世了，所以是坏的心情。故选A项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天，全镇的人都在谈论这个消息，有些人为去世的那一个兄弟祈祷。A. failure失败；B. bravery勇气；C. absence缺席；D. loss去世。根据后文“I would like to offer　 12　　to you, due to the death of your dear brother.”可知，镇上的人认为这个男人的一个兄弟去世了，所以是为去世的那一个兄弟祈祷。故选D项。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当这个人再次来到酒吧，又点了两杯啤酒时，酒保问他:“我想安慰一下你，因为你亲爱的兄弟死了。”。A. appreciation欣赏；B. comfort安慰；C. respect尊敬；D. inspiration灵感。根据后文“due to the death of your dear brother”可知，酒保认为这个男人的一个兄弟去世了，所以想给他一些安慰。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：男人想了一会儿:“哦，你可能很惊讶我现在只点了两瓶啤酒?”。A. disappointed失望的；B. relieved释然的；C. delighted高兴的；D. surprised惊讶。根据后文“I order only two beers now”可知，这个男人之前一直是点三杯啤酒，现在地两杯，让酒保感到惊讶。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只是因为我的决定。A. fault过错；B. trouble麻烦；C. decision决定；D. dream梦想。根据后文“I promised myself to　　15　　drinking.”可知，这个男人决定戒酒了，所以此处指因为他的决定。故选C项。
【50题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我向自己保证要戒酒。A. give off释放；B. give up放弃；C. pick up拾起；D. pick out辨认出。根据前文说这个男人一直是点三杯啤酒，现在变成了两杯，结合选项，以及前文“It’s just because of my　 14　　”他做了决定，可知是戒酒。故选B项。
第二节 单词拼写(共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 10 分)
根据首字母或汉语提示，用 welcome unit—unit 3 所学单词的正确形式填空。一空一词。请将完整的单词写在答题卡上。
51. A number of the teenagers are so a ________ to online games that they gradually confuse reality and fantasy.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】addicted##ddicted
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：许多青少年沉迷于网络游戏，他们逐渐混淆了现实和幻想。空格处用形容词作表语，由“they gradually confuse reality and fantasy”可知，此处表示“许多青少年沉迷于网络游戏”，空格处意为“沉迷的，上瘾的”，由首字母提示a可知，形容词是addicted。故填addicted。
52. We’ll e_____ gifts with the American students at the party. Please prepare your gifts in advance. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】exchange
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我们将在晚会上与美国学生交换礼物。请提前准备好礼物。根据空格前的We’ll以及句意可知，此处应填动词原形exchange，作谓语。故填exchange。
53. He has attempted to find a peaceful________ (解决办法) to the conflict.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】solution
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他试图找到和平解决冲突的办法。“解决办法”是solution，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填solution。
54. O________ (显然), opportunities always fall on those who are confident.(根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】Obviously##bviously
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：显然，机会总是落在自信的人身上。空格处用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，由首字母提示O可知，“显然”的副词是obviously，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Obviously。
55. To make members of the team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their s________ and weaknesses. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】strengths##trengths
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：为了让团队成员表现得更好，教练首先必须知道他们的优缺点。根据单词首字母以及句意“优点”，可知应填名词strength，表示“优点”为可数名词，结合后文 and weaknesses应用复数形式。故填strengths。
56. The fridge now presents a cleaner image after I have emptied all the ____(内容物) in it.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】contents
【解析】
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：我把冰箱里所有的东西都倒空后，冰箱看起来更干净了。此处用名词作动词emptied的宾语，可数名词content（内容物）由all修饰，用名词复数形式。故填contents。
57. It is important to _____(识别) what kind of person you are and what special qualities make you different. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】recognize
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：认识到你是一个什么样的人以及什么样的特质使你与众不同是很重要的。固定句型"It is + adj. + to do sth."，It形式主语，动词不定式（to do）是真正主语，此处用动词原形形式，及物动词recognize符合句意。故填recognize。
58. The children________ (假装) to be different animals dancing to the music. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】pretended
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：孩子们假装成不同的动物随着音乐跳舞。根据句意和汉语提示分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个及物动词作谓语，且意义为“假装”，所以应该用动词pretend；根据句意，“孩子们假装成不同的动物”的事肯定已经发生了，所以应该用一般过去时。故填pretended。
59. The job is _____(挑战) to me because I have little experience. However, it is also rewarding. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】challenging
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这份工作对我来说很有挑战性，因为我几乎没有什么经验，但是，它也是值得的。根据汉语提示以及空格前的系动词is可知，此处应填形容词challenging，作表语。故填challenging。
60. The athlete left a deep i________ on me because of his excellent performance in the competition. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】impression##mpression
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这位运动员在比赛中的出色表现给我留下了深刻的印象。根据句意和所给首字母i以及句中动词left和空格后的介词on可知，空格处应该填入名词impression构成短语leave a deep impression on somebody（给某人留下深刻印象）。故填impression。
第三节 语法填空(共 10 小题，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I share a fridge with my colleagues in the office, ____61____ which there is a Brita water filter pitcher (净水罐子). One of my____62____ (co-worker) complained the water tasted “dirty”. It went on for a few days, and she was____63____ (astonish) that I could drink the water without any trouble.
Finally, she____64____ (figure) out that the problem was actually her cup. She simply forgot ____65____ (clean) it, which affected the water inside it. She cleaned her cup, ____66____ drank the water without a problem.
I can’t help but think about the world we live in. Too often we quickly blame other people, other things, anything else but ourselves. The world isn’t perfect, I know, but I think we should take____67____ step back sometimes and ask ourselves some tough questions.
Can I be better? Is my heart____68____ (real) pure? Can I improve this situation with____69____ (kind)?
I want to tell you this: please clean your cup, because when you do, the water will taste much ____70____ (good). I promise you this.
【答案】61. in 62. co-workers
63. astonished
64. figured
65. to clean
66. and 67. a
68. really 69. kindness
70. better
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过讲述自己的一个同事的经历来告诉我们请洗干净自己的杯子，再抱怨生活，因为只有你把杯子洗干净了，里面的水味道才会更好。
【61题详解】
考查介词。句意：我和办公室的同事共用一个冰箱，冰箱里有一个Brita滤水罐。空格处是“介词+which”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是fridge，“在冰箱里”要用介词in，故填in。
【62题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：我的一个同事抱怨水尝起来很“脏”。one of后跟名词的复数co-workers，故填co-workers。
63题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这种情况持续了几天，她很惊讶我喝的水没有任何问题。空格处用形容词作表语，修饰主语she用ed结尾的形容词astonished，表示人的感觉，astonished意为“惊讶的”，故填astonished。
【64题详解】
考查时态。句意：最后，她发现问题其实出在她的杯子上。空格处是谓语，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式figured，故填figured。
【65题详解】
考查不定式。句意：她只是忘记清洗，这影响了里面的水。forget to do意为“忘记要做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to clean，故填to clean。
【66题详解】
考查连词。句意：她洗干净杯子，毫无问题地喝了水。cleaned her cup和drank the water without a problem是顺承关系，空格处用and表顺承，故填and。
【67题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这个世界并不完美，我知道，但我认为有时我们应该退一步，问问自己一些棘手的问题。take a step back是固定短语，意为“退后一步”，故填a。
【68题详解】
考查副词。句意：我的心真的纯洁吗？空格处用副词really修饰形容词pure，故填really。
【69题详解】
考查名词。句意：我可以用善意来改善这种情况吗？空格处用名词作宾语，kind的名词是kindness，是不可数名词，意为“善意”，故填kindness。
【70题详解】
考查比较级。句意：我想告诉你：请清洗你的杯子，因为当你这样做，水的味道会更好。much修饰比较级，good的比较级是better，故填better。
第五部分 书面表达(满分 15 分)
71. 假定你是学生李华，你美国网友Paul计划来中国旅游，想先学习一些中文，却不知道如何入门，现请你给他一些学习建议。主要内容如下：
1. 你的学习建议；
2. 对结果的展望。
注意：
1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 信的开头结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Paul,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Paul,
Glad to hear that you are going to take a trip to China this August. Welcome!
As I know, you are always interested in Chinese culture and want to learn some Chinese. Therefore, I suggest that you choose Chinese daily dialogues as a start, like greeting people, asking for directions and bargaining for souvenirs, which can help you a lot during your trip. Apparently, learning a foreign language needs great efforts. I’d like to be your teacher and I’ll send you an e-book with my teaching schedule later. Besides, let’s have an online class over the Internet every weekend, through which I will try my best to make your learning easier and surely you can speak some fluent Chinese before your arrival.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国网友Paul写封信，给他一些学习中文的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
因此：therefore→hence
建议：suggest→advise
另外：besides→moreover
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Apparently, learning a foreign language needs great efforts.
拓展句：Apparently, if you want to learn a foreign language, you need to make great efforts.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Therefore, I suggest that you choose Chinese daily dialogues as a start, like greeting people, asking for directions and bargaining for souvenirs, which can help you a lot during your trip. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Besides, let’s have an online class over the internet every weekend, through which I will try my best to make your learning easier and surely you can speak some fluent Chinese before your arrival. (运用了“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句)