外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习18 ：必修3 Unit 6　Disaster and hope （含解析）

www.ks5u.com课时质量评价(十八)

必修第三册　Unit 6　Disaster and hope

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

One place that has left a lasting 1. ________ (impress) on me is the island of Lesvos in Greece. I went there for 2. ________ holiday with some of my friends. We felt that we deserved a bit of sun and a chance 3. ________ (relax) after having studied so hard.

Strangely enough, even though I went there for a well­earned rest, I 4. ________ (actual) worked harder than I had ever done before. Instead of spending my days on the beach sunbathing and swimming in the sea, I ended up 5. ________ (help) the locals deal with the endless arrival of refugees (难民), many of 6. ________ were struggling to get to the beach after their boats had turned over.

Anyway, this holiday turned out to be one of the most 7. ________ (forget) of my life, but for all the wrong reasons. Often, when I'm alone these days, I 8. ________ (disturb) by the memories of the faces of parents who couldn't find their children, and the sound of people screaming 9. ________ help. 10. ________ the people of Lesvos did to help these people, opening their homes to them and sharing the few possessions they themselves owned, was absolutely amazing. I was completely touched by the generosity of the people of Lesvos.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在希腊莱斯沃斯岛度假期间和当地人一起帮助难民的经历。

1. impression　考查名词。设空处作left的宾语，需用名词，由空前不定冠词可知，此处使用名词单数形式。故填impression。

2. a　考查固定搭配。go... for a holiday为固定搭配，表示“去……度假”。故填a。

3. to relax　考查固定搭配。a chance to do sth.意为“做某事的机会”。故填to relax。

4. actually　考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰动词worked。故填actually。

5. helping　考查固定用法。end up doing sth.为固定表达，意为“最终做某事”。故填helping。

6. whom　考查定语从句。“many of＋设空处”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 refugees，指人，先行词refugees在从句中作of的宾语，应使用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。

7. unforgettable　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应为形容词的最高级形式，所给词forget为动词，意为“忘记”，其形容词形式为forgettable(易被忘记的)，unforgettable(难忘的)。根据语境可知，设空处需填形容词unforgettable。故填unforgettable。

8. am disturbed　考查一般现在时的被动语态。由 “Often, when I'm alone these days”可知，此处需用一般现在时，又因I与disturb之间是被动关系，应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填am disturbed。

9. for　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应为介词。scream for help表示“大声喊救命”。故填for。

10. What　考查连接词。分析句子可知，“10. ________ the people of Lesvos did to help these people”为主语从句，设空处作主语从句中的宾语，表物，应使用what引导。故填What。

B

(2021·广东六校联考)Floating mountains in the ocean are better known as icebergs (冰山). Icebergs are 1. ________ (mass) of freshwater ice that have broken from a glacier (冰川) or polar ice sheet. Most icebergs are formed around Antarctica and Greenland.

Icebergs 2. ________ (see) today began thousands and thousands of years ago. They began as flakes of snow falling on land. Over the years, more and more snow fell. The snow on 3. ________bottom was crushed (压碎) because snow on top was packing it down. Years of 4. ________ (melt) and freezing formed layers of ice thousands of feet thick. These sheets of ice are called glaciers. During the warmer weather in spring 5. ________ summer, pieces of ice break off from glaciers. The broken pieces of ice fall into the water and become icebergs.

Icebergs vary 6. ________ size. The largest iceberg ever recorded was the size of the state of Rhode Island in the United States. The 7. ________ (tall) iceberg stood 550 feet above the ocean. That's about the size of the Washington Monument in Washington, DC.

Icebergs can be very 8. ________ (danger) to ships travelling near them because only one­eighth of an iceberg 9. ________ (be) above water. This means that the rock­hard ice is much larger underneath. Captains taking 10. ________ (they) ships around an iceberg may miscalculate the size of the iceberg.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰山的一些特点以及注意事项。

1. masses　考查固定搭配。masses of 为固定搭配，意为“许多的，大量的”，故填masses。

2. seen　考查过去分词作定语。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作定语，因为Icebergs 和动词see之间是被动关系，要用过去分词作后置定语，故填seen。

3. the　考查冠词。此处是特指底部的雪，要用定冠词，故填the。

4. melting　考查动词的­ing形式作宾语。分析句子结构可知，of为介词，后面要用动词的­ing形式，故填melting 。

5. and　考查连词。句中的spring和summer二者是并列的，故填and。

6. in　考查固定用法。in size为固定搭配，意为“在大小上，尺寸上”。故填in。

7. tallest　考查最高级。根据语境可知，此处是指最高级，故填tallest。

8. dangerous　考查形容词作表语。分析句子结构可知，此处是形容词作表语，故填dangerous。

9. is　考查谓语动词。主语是one­eighth of an iceberg是单数。根据上下文可知使用一般现在时，故填is。

10. their　考查代词。修饰名词ships，要用形容词性物主代词，他们的船只，故填their。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。(现在分词短语作状语)

Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car.

2. 时间过得真快！一个星期以后你就要回到自己的国家了。(it＋be＋时间段＋before)

How time flies！It will be a week before you go back to your own country.

3. 沿路有一些高树。(完全倒装)

Along the road are some tall trees．

4. 她突然想到她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。(occur)

It occurred to her that she should adopt the homeless child.

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

The sixth mass extinction is not a worry for the future. It's happening now, much faster than previously expected, and it's entirely our fault, according to a study published Monday.

Humans have already wiped out hundreds of species and pushed many more to the brink of extinction through wildlife trade, pollution, habitat loss and the use of toxic substances. The findings published in the scientific journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) show that the rate at which species are dying out has accelerated in recent decades.

Gerardo Ceballos González, a professor of ecology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and one of the authors of the study, said approximately 173 species went extinct between 2001 and 2014. “173 species is 25 times more extinct species than you would expect under the normal extinction rate，” he told CNN in an email. He and his team found that in the past 100 years, more than 400 vertebrate (脊椎动物的) species went extinct. In the normal course of evolution, such extinctions would have taken up to 10，000 years, they said.

Mass extinctions are just as severe as their name suggests. There have been five mass extinction events in the Earth's history, each wiping out between 70% and 95% of the species of plants, animals and microorganisms. The most recent, 66 million years ago, saw dinosaurs disappear. The past events were caused by catastrophic changes of the environment, including massive volcanic eruptions or collision with an asteroid.

The sixth mass extinction the one happening now — is different: scientists say it's caused by humans. The researchers also said the current world health emergency shows people's recklessness (鲁莽) towards nature can seriously hurt themselves. Many endangered species are dying in large numbers due to the trade in wild animals and plants.

1. What does the underlined word “toxic” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. Poisonous.

B. Useful.

C. Alternative.

D. Environmentally friendly.

2. How does the writer convince readers of the seriousness of the mass extinctions?

A. By listing reliable statistics.

B. By imagining a picture of the extinctions.

C. By mentioning some news from CNN.

D. By explaining the history of the extinctions.

3. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?

A. To tell the difference between the fifth and sixth extinction.

B. To explain the cause of the coronavirus crisis.

C. To warn humans to get rid of their wrong actions.

D. To show the writer's concern about the endangered species.

4. What does this article mainly talk about?

A.  The changes of the environment do harm to wildlife.

B. The sixth mass extinction is much faster than expected.

C. Mass extinctions are just as severe as their name suggests.

D. The current coronavirus has arisen from the illegal trade.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了第六次大灭绝正在到来，且比我们想象的来得快。同时文章分析了产生第六次大灭绝的原因，即人类的行为。

1. A　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句话可知，人类已经使数百种物种灭绝，并将更多物种推向灭绝的边缘的方式是通过野生动物贸易、污染、毁掉栖息地和toxic substances的使用。根据句意可知，此处表示“有毒物质”的使用。故选A。

2. A　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，作者通过列出可靠的统计数据，使读者相信大规模灭绝的严重性。故选A。

3. C　写作意图题。根据最后一段内容可知，现在正在进行的第六次大灭绝和人类的错误行为有关。人类的活动导致许多濒危物种正在大量死亡。最终人类也会伤害到自己。综合分析，最后一段的目的是警告人类去除他们的错误行为。故选C。

4. B　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The sixth mass extinction is not a worry for the future. It's happening now，much faster than previously expected, and it's entirely our fault”可知，第六次大灭绝正在到来，而且比我们预期的还要快。再根据文章最后一段可知，第六次大灭绝是由人类造成的，并且最终会危害到人类。综合分析，本篇文章讲述的是由于人类行为导致的第六次大灭绝的到来，且比我们预期来得快。故选B。

Ⅱ. 阅读七选五

There are now six fires burning at emergency levels in Australia.   1   The smoke is so intense and so thick that it can be seen from space. 2，000 homes have been destroyed. Six million hectares of land charred, leading to death of the nation's wildlife.

  2  They are lightning strikes, winds and people who set fire deliberately. But one of the biggest reasons they've become so extreme is the same reason as East Africa's flood. Bushfires in Australia are a natural part of the country's ecosystem.   3   Even New South Wales, with the largest population, is used to breaking out. In 1974, fires burned 3.5 million hectares, and in 2003, another 2 million hectares were lost to fire. But the fires that started in 2019 are even worse: 4.9 million hectares in New South Wales have burned already — and it's only going to grow.

  4   For starters, as the world is getting warmer from climate change, so is Australia. 2019 was its hottest year on record, with parts of the country reaching 45 degrees Celsius in December. 2019 was also its driest — the places here in gray have seen historic droughts.   5   Throughout the year, other large­scale climate drivers affect Australia's weather, and its likeliness to burn. One of the most influential is the Indian Ocean Dipole (偶极子), or the IOD. The IOD is a big temperature gradient that affects the surface water in the Indian Ocean, from the edge of Africa to the edge of Australia.

A. This is just heartbreaking.

B. So why is this fire season so awful?

C. Their “fire season” varies across regions.

D. The fire season is awful because of the unknown reason.

E. The ecosystem of the country needs to be improved.

F. These record­breaking bushfires in Australia have been started by the following.

G. Together, that provides the perfect conditions for bushfires to start and spread quickly.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。目前澳大利亚有6处火灾处于紧急状态。2 000座房屋被毁。600万公顷土地被烧焦，导致该国野生动物大量死亡。文章分析了造成澳大利亚这些破纪录的森林大火的原因，以及此次火灾尤其严重的原因。

1. A　根据上文“There are now six fires burning at emergency levels in Australia.”可知，目前澳大利亚有6处火灾处于紧急状态。以及后文“The smoke is so intense and so thick that it can be seen from space. 2，000 homes have been destroyed. Six million hectares of land charred, leading to death of the nation's wildlife.”可知，本句应当是对这次火灾的评价，这次澳大利亚火灾损失严重，令人心碎。故A选项符合上下文语境，故选A。

2. F　根据后文可知，本段在分析造成此次澳大利亚大火的原因。故F选项符合上下文语境，故选F。

3. C　根据前文“Bushfires in Australia are a natural part of the country's ecosystem.”以及后文“Even New South Wales, with the largest population, is used to breaking out.”可知，本句是在说明澳大利亚的火灾频发季节是因地区而不同的。故C选项符合上下文语境，故选C。

4. B　后文内容是在分析此次澳大利亚火灾这么严重的原因。故B选项符合上下文语境，故选B。

5. G　本句承接上文进行总结，正是上述的这些条件促使了森林大火的爆发和迅速蔓延。故G选项符合上下文语境，故选G。

Ⅲ. 应用文写作

假设你是李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校。他熟悉中国文化，特别是戏曲文化。8月5日下午2：00在新落成的天津大剧院将上演越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。请你根据以下提示，用英语给Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他一起观看演出。

1. 提出邀请并简述原因；

2. 提出观剧后活动建议(如参观附近的博物馆或美术馆等)；

3. 请求对方回复。

注意：1. 词数80左右；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：越剧Shaoxing Opera；《梁山伯与祝英台》 Butterfly Lovers；天津大剧院Tianjin Grand Theatre

Dear Chris，

I have good news to tell you. _______________________________________

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Yours，

Li Jin

【参考范文】

Dear Chris，

I have good news to tell you. A Shaoxing Opera named Butterfly Lovers will be on show in Tianjin Grand Theatre, which was just completed, at 2：00 pm on August 5th. It is because I know you like the culture of China, especially drama, that I would like to invite you to admire it.

As we all know, Butterfly Lovers is a traditional drama, telling about two young people's moving love story. After watching it, shall we visit some places nearby, such as the art museum, in which lots of rich art will appeal to you enormously?

I would be very glad if you come. Looking forward to your early reply.

Yours，

Li Jin

Ⅳ. 读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Rescue in a Bottle

Curtis Whitson had rafted (乘筏) down the Arroyo Seco, a river in central California, several times before.

This year, Curtis Whitson knew the water­fall was coming. He figured he would get out of his raft into the shallow water, get down the rocks along ropes on either side of the falls, and continue on his way, as he had on a previous trip.

But this year was different. Heavy snow and spring rains had turned the usually manageable falls into something fierce. And this year, instead of his friends, Whitson's companions were his girlfriend, Krystal Ramirez, and his 13­year­old son, Hunter. As the three of them approached the falls late in the afternoon of the third day of their camping trip, Whitson could tell from the increasing roar of water in the narrowing canyon(峡谷) that they were in serious trouble. There was no way they'd be able to get down the rocks as planned.

“The water was just roaring through there with tremendous force，” recalls Whitson, 45.

They had no smartphone service, and they hadn't seen a single person in the past three days. And Whitson knew that they'd be sharing the ground there with rattlesnakes and mountain lions.

As he was thinking what to do, Whitson hit on a bit of luck — he heard voices coming from the other side of the falls. He yelled, but the sound of the rushing water drowned him out.

“We have to get these people a message，” Whitson thought.

He grabbed a stick and pulled out his pocketknife to carve “Help” in it. Then he tied a rope to it so the people would know it wasn't just any stick. He tried throwing it over the falls, but it floated away in the wrong direction.

“We've got to do something！” Whitson yelled to his son. “Have we got anything else？”

Then he spotted his water bottle. Whitson grabbed it and carved “Help！”on it. Ramirez also reminded him that he had a pen and paper in his backpack.

Whitson knew it was a slim hope. But he wrote “6－15 19：00 We are stuck here@ the waterfall. Get help please” and pushed the note into the bottle. This time, his throw over the waterfall was perfect.

“All right, that's all we can do，” Whitson told Hunter.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

It took 30 minutes to get back upstream to the beach where they'd had lunch. ___________________________________________________________________

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The next morning, the helicopter returned. _____________________________

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【参考范文】

It took 30 minutes to get back upstream to the beach where they'd had lunch. With no expectation that their message in the bottle would find its way to anyone, they prepared to spend a safe night there. As the evening wore on, they decided they probably weren't going to get rescued that night, so they pulled out their sleeping bags. Before turning in, Ramirez added wood to the fire to keep the mountain lions away. However, just after midnight, they heard a helicopter hovering above them. Wild with joy, they waved and yelled like crazy. Unfortunately, the darkness drowned everything. The helicopter circled and got back. The first rescue was in vain.

The next morning, the helicopter returned. After the three were spotted, the helicopter lowered a crew member on a cable. The rescuers lifted them out of the mountain. It was not long before they were taken to safety. That was a moment of pure happiness as the three chatted with the rescue workers. Just at that time Whitson learned that a hiker spotted the bottle with the message asking for help. And it was exactly that bottle that saved them all! Together, they were amazed at the unlikelihood of it all.