外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习18 ：必修3 Unit 6　Disaster and hope(含解析)

这是一份外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习18 ：必修3 Unit 6　Disaster and hope(含解析)，共12页。试卷主要包含了 a　考查固定搭配， t relax　考查固定搭配， helping　考查固定用法， whm　考查定语从句， fr　考查介词， What　考查连接词， Icebergs are 1等内容，欢迎下载使用。

必修第三册 Unit 6 Disaster and hpe
A组·基础巩固
Ⅰ. 语法填空
A
One place that has left a lasting 1. ________ (impress) n me is the island f Lesvs in Greece. I went there fr 2. ________ hliday with sme f my friends. We felt that we deserved a bit f sun and a chance 3. ________ (relax) after having studied s hard.
Strangely enugh, even thugh I went there fr a well­earned rest, I 4. ________ (actual) wrked harder than I had ever dne befre. Instead f spending my days n the beach sunbathing and swimming in the sea, I ended up 5. ________ (help) the lcals deal with the endless arrival f refugees (难民), many f 6. ________ were struggling t get t the beach after their bats had turned ver.
Anyway, this hliday turned ut t be ne f the mst 7. ________ (frget) f my life, but fr all the wrng reasns. Often, when I'm alne these days, I 8. ________ (disturb) by the memries f the faces f parents wh culdn't find their children, and the sund f peple screaming 9. ________ help. 10. ________ the peple f Lesvs did t help these peple, pening their hmes t them and sharing the few pssessins they themselves wned, was abslutely amazing. I was cmpletely tuched by the genersity f the peple f Lesvs.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在希腊莱斯沃斯岛度假期间和当地人一起帮助难民的经历。
1. impressin 考查名词。设空处作left的宾语，需用名词，由空前不定冠词可知，此处使用名词单数形式。故填impressin。
2. a 考查固定搭配。g... fr a hliday为固定搭配，表示“去……度假”。故填a。
3. t relax 考查固定搭配。a chance t d sth.意为“做某事的机会”。故填t relax。
4. actually 考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰动词wrked。故填actually。
5. helping 考查固定用法。end up ding sth.为固定表达，意为“最终做某事”。故填helping。
6. whm 考查定语从句。“many f＋设空处”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 refugees，指人，先行词refugees在从句中作f的宾语，应使用关系代词whm引导。故填whm。
7. unfrgettable 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应为形容词的最高级形式，所给词frget为动词，意为“忘记”，其形容词形式为frgettable(易被忘记的)，unfrgettable(难忘的)。根据语境可知，设空处需填形容词unfrgettable。故填unfrgettable。
8. am disturbed 考查一般现在时的被动语态。由 “Often, when I'm alne these days”可知，此处需用一般现在时，又因I与disturb之间是被动关系，应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填am disturbed。
9. fr 考查介词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应为介词。scream fr help表示“大声喊救命”。故填fr。
10. What 考查连接词。分析句子可知，“10. ________ the peple f Lesvs did t help these peple”为主语从句，设空处作主语从句中的宾语，表物，应使用what引导。故填What。
B
(2021·广东六校联考)Flating muntains in the cean are better knwn as icebergs (冰山). Icebergs are 1. ________ (mass) f freshwater ice that have brken frm a glacier (冰川) r plar ice sheet. Mst icebergs are frmed arund Antarctica and Greenland.
Icebergs 2. ________ (see) tday began thusands and thusands f years ag. They began as flakes f snw falling n land. Over the years, mre and mre snw fell. The snw n 3. ________bttm was crushed (压碎) because snw n tp was packing it dwn. Years f 4. ________ (melt) and freezing frmed layers f ice thusands f feet thick. These sheets f ice are called glaciers. During the warmer weather in spring 5. ________ summer, pieces f ice break ff frm glaciers. The brken pieces f ice fall int the water and becme icebergs.
Icebergs vary 6. ________ size. The largest iceberg ever recrded was the size f the state f Rhde Island in the United States. The 7. ________ (tall) iceberg std 550 feet abve the cean. That's abut the size f the Washingtn Mnument in Washingtn, DC.
Icebergs can be very 8. ________ (danger) t ships travelling near them because nly ne­eighth f an iceberg 9. ________ (be) abve water. This means that the rck­hard ice is much larger underneath. Captains taking 10. ________ (they) ships arund an iceberg may miscalculate the size f the iceberg.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰山的一些特点以及注意事项。
1. masses 考查固定搭配。masses f 为固定搭配，意为“许多的，大量的”，故填masses。
2. seen 考查过去分词作定语。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作定语，因为Icebergs 和动词see之间是被动关系，要用过去分词作后置定语，故填seen。
3. the 考查冠词。此处是特指底部的雪，要用定冠词，故填the。
4. melting 考查动词的­ing形式作宾语。分析句子结构可知，f为介词，后面要用动词的­ing形式，故填melting 。
5. and 考查连词。句中的spring和summer二者是并列的，故填and。
6. in 考查固定用法。in size为固定搭配，意为“在大小上，尺寸上”。故填in。
7. tallest 考查最高级。根据语境可知，此处是指最高级，故填tallest。
8. dangerus 考查形容词作表语。分析句子结构可知，此处是形容词作表语，故填dangerus。
9. is 考查谓语动词。主语是ne­eighth f an iceberg是单数。根据上下文可知使用一般现在时，故填is。
10. their 考查代词。修饰名词ships，要用形容词性物主代词，他们的船只，故填their。
Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子
1. 他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。(现在分词短语作状语)
Rushing ut f the huse, he was kncked dwn by a car.
2. 时间过得真快！一个星期以后你就要回到自己的国家了。(it＋be＋时间段＋befre)
Hw time flies！It will be a week befre yu g back t yur wn cuntry.
3. 沿路有一些高树。(完全倒装)
Alng the rad are sme tall trees．
4. 她突然想到她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。(ccur)
It ccurred t her that she shuld adpt the hmeless child.
B组·能力提升
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
The sixth mass extinctin is nt a wrry fr the future. It's happening nw, much faster than previusly expected, and it's entirely ur fault, accrding t a study published Mnday.
Humans have already wiped ut hundreds f species and pushed many mre t the brink f extinctin thrugh wildlife trade, pllutin, habitat lss and the use f txic substances. The findings published in the scientific jurnal Prceedings f the Natinal Academy f Sciences (PNAS) shw that the rate at which species are dying ut has accelerated in recent decades.
Gerard Ceballs Gnzález, a prfessr f eclgy at the Natinal Autnmus University f Mexic and ne f the authrs f the study, said apprximately 173 species went extinct between 2001 and 2014. “173 species is 25 times mre extinct species than yu wuld expect under the nrmal extinctin rate，” he tld CNN in an email. He and his team fund that in the past 100 years, mre than 400 vertebrate (脊椎动物的) species went extinct. In the nrmal curse f evlutin, such extinctins wuld have taken up t 10，000 years, they said.
Mass extinctins are just as severe as their name suggests. There have been five mass extinctin events in the Earth's histry, each wiping ut between 70% and 95% f the species f plants, animals and micrrganisms. The mst recent, 66 millin years ag, saw dinsaurs disappear. The past events were caused by catastrphic changes f the envirnment, including massive vlcanic eruptins r cllisin with an asterid.
The sixth mass extinctin the ne happening nw — is different: scientists say it's caused by humans. The researchers als said the current wrld health emergency shws peple's recklessness (鲁莽) twards nature can seriusly hurt themselves. Many endangered species are dying in large numbers due t the trade in wild animals and plants.
1. What des the underlined wrd “txic” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Pisnus.
B. Useful.
C. Alternative.
D. Envirnmentally friendly.
2. Hw des the writer cnvince readers f the seriusness f the mass extinctins?
A. By listing reliable statistics.
B. By imagining a picture f the extinctins.
C. By mentining sme news frm CNN.
D. By explaining the histry f the extinctins.
3. What is the purpse f the last paragraph?
A. T tell the difference between the fifth and sixth extinctin.
B. T explain the cause f the crnavirus crisis.
C. T warn humans t get rid f their wrng actins.
D. T shw the writer's cncern abut the endangered species.
4. What des this article mainly talk abut?
A. The changes f the envirnment d harm t wildlife.
B. The sixth mass extinctin is much faster than expected.
C. Mass extinctins are just as severe as their name suggests.
D. The current crnavirus has arisen frm the illegal trade.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了第六次大灭绝正在到来，且比我们想象的来得快。同时文章分析了产生第六次大灭绝的原因，即人类的行为。
1. A 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句话可知，人类已经使数百种物种灭绝，并将更多物种推向灭绝的边缘的方式是通过野生动物贸易、污染、毁掉栖息地和txic substances的使用。根据句意可知，此处表示“有毒物质”的使用。故选A。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，作者通过列出可靠的统计数据，使读者相信大规模灭绝的严重性。故选A。
3. C 写作意图题。根据最后一段内容可知，现在正在进行的第六次大灭绝和人类的错误行为有关。人类的活动导致许多濒危物种正在大量死亡。最终人类也会伤害到自己。综合分析，最后一段的目的是警告人类去除他们的错误行为。故选C。
4. B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The sixth mass extinctin is nt a wrry fr the future. It's happening nw，much faster than previusly expected, and it's entirely ur fault”可知，第六次大灭绝正在到来，而且比我们预期的还要快。再根据文章最后一段可知，第六次大灭绝是由人类造成的，并且最终会危害到人类。综合分析，本篇文章讲述的是由于人类行为导致的第六次大灭绝的到来，且比我们预期来得快。故选B。
Ⅱ. 阅读七选五
There are nw six fires burning at emergency levels in Australia. 1 The smke is s intense and s thick that it can be seen frm space. 2，000 hmes have been destryed. Six millin hectares f land charred, leading t death f the natin's wildlife.
2 They are lightning strikes, winds and peple wh set fire deliberately. But ne f the biggest reasns they've becme s extreme is the same reasn as East Africa's fld. Bushfires in Australia are a natural part f the cuntry's ecsystem. 3 Even New Suth Wales, with the largest ppulatin, is used t breaking ut. In 1974, fires burned 3.5 millin hectares, and in 2003, anther 2 millin hectares were lst t fire. But the fires that started in 2019 are even wrse: 4.9 millin hectares in New Suth Wales have burned already — and it's nly ging t grw.
4 Fr starters, as the wrld is getting warmer frm climate change, s is Australia. 2019 was its httest year n recrd, with parts f the cuntry reaching 45 degrees Celsius in December. 2019 was als its driest — the places here in gray have seen histric drughts. 5 Thrughut the year, ther large­scale climate drivers affect Australia's weather, and its likeliness t burn. One f the mst influential is the Indian Ocean Diple (偶极子), r the IOD. The IOD is a big temperature gradient that affects the surface water in the Indian Ocean, frm the edge f Africa t the edge f Australia.
A. This is just heartbreaking.
B. S why is this fire seasn s awful?
C. Their “fire seasn” varies acrss regins.
D. The fire seasn is awful because f the unknwn reasn.
E. The ecsystem f the cuntry needs t be imprved.
F. These recrd­breaking bushfires in Australia have been started by the fllwing.
G. Tgether, that prvides the perfect cnditins fr bushfires t start and spread quickly.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。目前澳大利亚有6处火灾处于紧急状态。2 000座房屋被毁。600万公顷土地被烧焦，导致该国野生动物大量死亡。文章分析了造成澳大利亚这些破纪录的森林大火的原因，以及此次火灾尤其严重的原因。
1. A 根据上文“There are nw six fires burning at emergency levels in Australia.”可知，目前澳大利亚有6处火灾处于紧急状态。以及后文“The smke is s intense and s thick that it can be seen frm space. 2，000 hmes have been destryed. Six millin hectares f land charred, leading t death f the natin's wildlife.”可知，本句应当是对这次火灾的评价，这次澳大利亚火灾损失严重，令人心碎。故A选项符合上下文语境，故选A。
2. F 根据后文可知，本段在分析造成此次澳大利亚大火的原因。故F选项符合上下文语境，故选F。
3. C 根据前文“Bushfires in Australia are a natural part f the cuntry's ecsystem.”以及后文“Even New Suth Wales, with the largest ppulatin, is used t breaking ut.”可知，本句是在说明澳大利亚的火灾频发季节是因地区而不同的。故C选项符合上下文语境，故选C。
4. B 后文内容是在分析此次澳大利亚火灾这么严重的原因。故B选项符合上下文语境，故选B。
5. G 本句承接上文进行总结，正是上述的这些条件促使了森林大火的爆发和迅速蔓延。故G选项符合上下文语境，故选G。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
假设你是李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校。他熟悉中国文化，特别是戏曲文化。8月5日下午2：00在新落成的天津大剧院将上演越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。请你根据以下提示，用英语给Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他一起观看演出。
1. 提出邀请并简述原因；
2. 提出观剧后活动建议(如参观附近的博物馆或美术馆等)；
3. 请求对方回复。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：越剧Shaxing Opera；《梁山伯与祝英台》 Butterfly Lvers；天津大剧院Tianjin Grand Theatre
Dear Chris，
I have gd news t tell yu. _______________________________________
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Yurs，
Li Jin
【参考范文】
Dear Chris，
I have gd news t tell yu. A Shaxing Opera named Butterfly Lvers will be n shw in Tianjin Grand Theatre, which was just cmpleted, at 2：00 pm n August 5th. It is because I knw yu like the culture f China, especially drama, that I wuld like t invite yu t admire it.
As we all knw, Butterfly Lvers is a traditinal drama, telling abut tw yung peple's mving lve stry. After watching it, shall we visit sme places nearby, such as the art museum, in which lts f rich art will appeal t yu enrmusly?
I wuld be very glad if yu cme. Lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs，
Li Jin
Ⅳ. 读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Rescue in a Bttle
Curtis Whitsn had rafted (乘筏) dwn the Arry Sec, a river in central Califrnia, several times befre.
This year, Curtis Whitsn knew the water­fall was cming. He figured he wuld get ut f his raft int the shallw water, get dwn the rcks alng rpes n either side f the falls, and cntinue n his way, as he had n a previus trip.
But this year was different. Heavy snw and spring rains had turned the usually manageable falls int smething fierce. And this year, instead f his friends, Whitsn's cmpanins were his girlfriend, Krystal Ramirez, and his 13­year­ld sn, Hunter. As the three f them apprached the falls late in the afternn f the third day f their camping trip, Whitsn culd tell frm the increasing rar f water in the narrwing canyn(峡谷) that they were in serius truble. There was n way they'd be able t get dwn the rcks as planned.
“The water was just raring thrugh there with tremendus frce，” recalls Whitsn, 45.
They had n smartphne service, and they hadn't seen a single persn in the past three days. And Whitsn knew that they'd be sharing the grund there with rattlesnakes and muntain lins.
As he was thinking what t d, Whitsn hit n a bit f luck — he heard vices cming frm the ther side f the falls. He yelled, but the sund f the rushing water drwned him ut.
“We have t get these peple a message，” Whitsn thught.
He grabbed a stick and pulled ut his pcketknife t carve “Help” in it. Then he tied a rpe t it s the peple wuld knw it wasn't just any stick. He tried thrwing it ver the falls, but it flated away in the wrng directin.
“We've gt t d smething！” Whitsn yelled t his sn. “Have we gt anything else？”
Then he sptted his water bttle. Whitsn grabbed it and carved “Help！”n it. Ramirez als reminded him that he had a pen and paper in his backpack.
Whitsn knew it was a slim hpe. But he wrte “6－15 19：00 We are stuck here@ the waterfall. Get help please” and pushed the nte int the bttle. This time, his thrw ver the waterfall was perfect.
“All right, that's all we can d，” Whitsn tld Hunter.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
It tk 30 minutes t get back upstream t the beach where they'd had lunch. ___________________________________________________________________
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The next mrning, the helicpter returned. _____________________________
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【参考范文】
It tk 30 minutes t get back upstream t the beach where they'd had lunch. With n expectatin that their message in the bttle wuld find its way t anyne, they prepared t spend a safe night there. As the evening wre n, they decided they prbably weren't ging t get rescued that night, s they pulled ut their sleeping bags. Befre turning in, Ramirez added wd t the fire t keep the muntain lins away. Hwever, just after midnight, they heard a helicpter hvering abve them. Wild with jy, they waved and yelled like crazy. Unfrtunately, the darkness drwned everything. The helicpter circled and gt back. The first rescue was in vain.
The next mrning, the helicpter returned. After the three were sptted, the helicpter lwered a crew member n a cable. The rescuers lifted them ut f the muntain. It was nt lng befre they were taken t safety. That was a mment f pure happiness as the three chatted with the rescue wrkers. Just at that time Whitsn learned that a hiker sptted the bttle with the message asking fr help. And it was exactly that bttle that saved them all! Tgether, they were amazed at the unlikelihd f it all.