高考英语一轮复习基础过关练习专题04情态动词和虚拟语气 (含解析)

这是一份高考英语一轮复习基础过关练习专题04情态动词和虚拟语气 (含解析)，共24页。

专题04情态动词和虚拟语气【学与练】
学情态动词
情态动词本身有词义，但是没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有时态的变化，但是不能独立作谓语。情态动词可以表示：能力、义务、可能性和允许等等意义；情态动词还可以用来给人们：提出请求、建议、意见以及提供帮助等等。
【基础知识】
情态动词的基本意义
（1）、can, could
①、表示能力，意为“能，会”；could表示过去的能力，不表示是否做。·
●She can speak French fluently. 她能讲一口流利的法语。
●Our daughter could walk when she was nine old. 我们的女儿九个月大时就会走路了。
②、can可用于肯定句中,表示客观或理论上的可能性。
● He is confident a solution can be found. 他确信会找到解决办法。
●An experienced teacher can make mistakes. 一位有经验的老师也会犯错。
③、表示请求或允许。在疑问句中, could可以代替can，语气更委婉，但回答时要用can。
●---Can/ Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?----Yes, you can.
---明天上午我可以用你的自行车吗?----是的，可以。
表示可能性,意为“可能”，can多用于否定句和疑问句中，could不受限。can比 could语气强。
●He can't be our manager. Our manager has gone to Beijing..他不可能是我们经理。我们经理已经去北京了。
⑤、表示惊异、怀疑、迷惑等态度，常用于否定句和疑问句中。
● How can you treat me like that? 你怎么能那样对我?
⑥、用于固定习语中:can't....too/ enough(无论…也不过分；越…越好)；can' but do sth..(不得不做某事，只好做某事)；can' t help doing sth...(禁不住做某事)。
●I can' t thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
我非常感谢你在我们不在家时帮助我的儿子。
● One cannot but admire her determination.人们不得不佩服她的决心。
（2）、may、might
①、表示请求或许可。在疑问句中, might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。
● ---Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter?---Yes, you may
---我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗?----是的,可以
②、表示可能性，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句中，might比may语气弱。
●---I don' t really like James.Why did you invite him?
---Don't worry. He might not come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.
---我真的不喜欢詹姆斯。你为什么邀请他?---别担心,他或许不会来。他说他还不能确定他的计划。
③、may可表示祝愿，常用结构为“May+主语+动词原形!”
●May you be happy every day! 愿你快乐每一天!
③、用于固定短语中:may/ might as well+动词原形(不妨……,还是…为好)；may/ might well+动词原形(可
能…)
● You may/ might as well tell him the truth. 你不妨告诉他事实吧。
● He may/ might well stay in Beijing now. 他现在可能待在北京。
（3）、must、have to
①、表示义务，意为“必须”。must强调说话人的主观看法，have to则强调客观需要；在回答带有must的问句时，否定式常用 need not( needn't)或don' t have to,而不是用must not.
● We must act as quickly as possible now. Just tell us whether/ if you can undertake the task or not.
现在我们必须尽快采取行动。你就告诉我们你能否承担这项任务。
●I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.我现在不得不走了，因为我母亲在住院。
②、must用来表示推测，意为“一定”，只能用在肯定句中。
● You must be hungry after a long walk.长途跋涉之后，你一定饿了。
● Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet. 昨天一定有用了我的雨伞，我发现它湿了。
③、must意为“偏要，非要……不可”。
● If you must have a cigarette, choose a seat in the first row of the smoking section.
如果你非要吸烟的话,去吸烟区的第一排找个座位。
④、mustn't表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许；一定不要”。
●You mustn't play with the knife, or you may hurt yourself. 你千万不要玩刀,否则会伤到自己的。
（4）、shall
①、用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话者征求对方的意见。·
●Shall we begin our new lesson today? 我们今天开始上新的一课好吗?
● Shall he come in now? 要不要让他现在进来?
②、用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等。
● You shall be punished for what you have done. 你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。
③、用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。
●One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.
我们有一条规定,那就是每名学生在校期间都必须穿校服。
（5）、should、ought to
①、should 表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。
● We should be strict with ourselves. 我们应该严格要求
②、should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”
●Such a gentleman should do that..这样一位绅士竟然会做那种事。
③、ought to表示义务，意为“应该”，语气比 should略重。
● You ought not to be so selfish. 你不应该这么自私。
should和 ought to表示推测，指合乎理想的情况或结果，意为“按说应该”。
●Try phoning Robert-- --he should be home by now. 给罗伯特打个电话试试,他现在应该到家了
（6）、will 、would
①、与各种人称连用，用于陈述句中，表示主语的意志、意愿或决心。will指现在， would指过去。
● I will never talk to him again. 我再也不愿意和他说话了。
● Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but wouldn't say where he was.
几天后，我的哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但是他不愿说他在哪儿。
②、表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中。would比will语气委婉。
●Will/ Would you close the window? 请把窗户关上好吗?
③、表示习惯性动作、固有属性或必然趋势，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在， would指过去。·
●Fish will die without water. 没有水，鱼会死的。
●When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we would often go to the cinema together.
几年前我们在同一家公司工作时,我们常常一起去电影院看电影。
（7）、need 、dare
①、need既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词；作情态动词时，表示“需要”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。 needn't表示“不必”；对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用must而不用need，作否定回答时用 needn't。
●I needn't use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
我不必用闹钟来叫醒自己，因为每天早上六点都有火车从我家旁边经过。
②、dare既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词；作情态动词时，表示“敢，胆敢”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
●I am so afraid that I dare not move. 我吓得一动也不敢动
情态动词+ have done"”的用法
①、must have done
表示对过去已发生动作的肯定推测，意为“想必/一定做了”，用于肯定句中，语气强。
●The children must have got lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.孩子们一定在森林里迷路了，否则，他们会按照计划出现在湖边营地。
②、can't have done
表示对过去情况把握较大的否定推测，意为“不可能做了”。
● I saw Mr.. Li just now. He can't have gone to Beijing. 我刚才看见李先生了。他不可能去了北京。
③、could have done
表示对过去情况的推测,意为“可能已经做了”
●Don't worry-- they could have just forgotten to call. 别担心,他们可能只是忘了打电话。
表示对过去的虚拟，意为“本来能做”，但实际上没做。
●You could have done better, but you were too careless. 你本来能做得更好些，但你当时太粗心了。
④、may have done
表示对过去情况的推测，意为“也许/或许已经做了”，用于肯定句中，一般不用于疑问句中，语气较弱,其否定形式为 may not have done.
● She may have bought the dictionary,but I' m not sure..她也许已经买了那本词典，但我不太确信。
⑤、might have done
表示对过去情况的推测，意为“也许/或许已经做了”，用于肯定句中，一般不用于疑问句中，语气较 may have done更弱，其否定形式为 might not have done。
●Smith might have gone to see the movie yesterday.史密斯也许昨天已经去看过这部电影了。
表示对过去的虚拟，意为“本来可以做”,但实际上没做。
● You might have given him more help, though you were busy. 你本可以给他更多帮助的,虽然你当时很忙。
⑥、should/ought to have done
表示对过去的虚拟。用于肯定句，意为“本该做”，而实际上未做；其否定式为 shouldn't / ought not to have done，意为“本不该做”，而实际上做了，表示责备或惋惜之情。
●He is sad. You shouldn't have told him the bad news.他感到难过。你本不应该告诉他这个坏消息。
⑦、needn’t have done
表示对过去的虚拟，意为“本来不必做”，而实际上做了。
● We needn't have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
既然苏西不与我们一起吃晚饭，我们原本不必买那么多食物。
⑧、would rather have done
意为“宁愿当时做了”，其否定式为 would rather not have done。两者都含有后悔之意。
●I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.
会上提出异议,但现在我宁愿自己没那么做。
⑨、would like/love to have done
表示过去本打算做，但实际上未做成。
●I would love to have attended the meeting last Sunday, but I had to finish my report.
上周日我本来很想去参加会议的,但我得完成报告。
●Was there anything you would like to have done during high school?
在高中时期，有没有什么事是你想做却没有做成的?
学虚拟语气

虚拟语气用于非真实条件句
虚拟语气
条件状语从句谓语动词
主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反的假设
过去式(be动词一般用were)
would/should/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设
had+过去分词
would/should/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设
过去式或 were to / should+动词原形
would/should/ could/ might+动词原形

●If I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话，我会再读一遍。(与现在事实相反)
●We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home.
假如昨天哈罗德没有开车送我们回，我们就乘出租车回来了。(与过去事实相反)
●If it rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. 要是明天下雨,运动会就会推迟。(与将来事实相反)
【特别注意】
(1)、在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，谓语动词含有had,were, should时，可以把if省略，将had, were, should提到句首，变为倒装句。
●Had you (=If you had)come earlier, you would have caught the early bus. 如果你早点来,就能赶上早班车了。
●Were I you (= If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你,就不会做这件事
●Should he come（= If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了,让他给我打个电话。
(2)、当条件状语从句和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，该条件句就被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
●If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be better now.
如果你当时遵循医生的建议的话,你现在就好多了。
●If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
如果你昨天跟他谈过了，你现在就知道该做什么了。
(3)、有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄条件句。
常用的这类词或短语有:
without((要是)没有 in case万一，以防 but for要不是 for fear that唯恐 otherwise否则 or否则
●I couldn't have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.
如果没有你慷慨相助的话,我不可能熬过那段艰苦的日子。
●We would have put John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
要不是约翰最近受伤了,我们昨天就把他的名字加到参赛名单上了。
●We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would have visited more places of interest yesterday.
我们在那个小村庄迷路了，要不然昨天我们就能参观更多的名胜。
虚拟语气用于名词性从句
Point 1 虚拟语气在wish后的宾语从句中的用法
虚拟语气
从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
对将来的愿望
would/ could+动词原形
●--Where are the children? The dinner's going to be complete ruined.
--I wish they weren't always late.
--孩子们在哪里?晚餐就要被(他们给)彻底破坏了。
一我希望他们不要总是迟到。
●I wish I had told him the way to the supermarket. 我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。
●I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 我希望明天你和我们一起去。
Point 2 在表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的动词后的宾语从句中，常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“( should-+)动词原形”。常见的此类动词有
一坚持: insist
二命令: order, command
四建议: suggest, advise, propose, recommend
五要求: require, request, demand, desire ,urge
●The graduate insisted that he should go to work in the south.
这位大学毕业生坚持要到南方工作。
●The leaders ordered that a fact-finding group should be formed. 领导们命令成立一个事实调查小组。
●Her mother suggested that she （should）go and see the doctor. 她妈妈建议她去看医生。
●The panel demanded that the report (should) be made public.专家小组要求公开这份报告。
【特别注意】
当 suggest意为“暗示，表明”,，insist意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，后接的宾语从句应当用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。
●His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision. 他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。
●He insisted that he hadn't stolen the money. 他坚持说他没有偷过钱。
Point 3 在“It is/was+形容词/过去分词+that"句型中，that引导的主语从句使用虚拟语气，即从句
谓语动词用“( should-+)动词原形”或“ should have+过去分词”。常见的此类形容词和过去分词有
desirable值得拥有的;值得做的 advisable明智的 fitting合适的 essential极其重要的 important重要的
natural自然的;正常的 necessary必要的 proper合适的 strange奇怪的 urgent急迫的
suggested建议 requested要求 proposed建议 desired渴望 ordered命令 recommended建议
required要求 resolved决定
●It is necessary that we (should) put theories into practice. 我们有必要将理论付诸实践。
●It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us. 真奇怪,他竟然没有告知我们就走了。
Point 4 表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“( should++)动词形”。常见的这类名词有:
advice建议 demand要求 desire渴望 idea想法 motion动议,提议 order命令 plan计划
proposal提议 request要求 suggestion建议
●His demand is that the boy （should) go with them. 他的要求是这个男孩和他们一起去。(表语从句)
●We agreed to the order that the task should be completed before5o' clock.
我们都同意这个命令:在五点前完成这项任务。(同位语从句)
Point 5 在 would rather后的宾语从句中,从句如果表示对现在或将来的虚拟，从句用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)；如果表示对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时。
●I would rather I left now. 我宁愿现在离开。
●I would rather you came next month. 我宁愿你下个月来。
●I would rather he had passed the exam 我宁愿他已经通过了考试。
3虚拟语气在其他句型中的应用
Point 1 虚拟语气用于as if/ as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句
虚拟语气
从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
与将来事实相反
would/ could/ might+动词原形
●You treat them as if they were your parents. 你对待他们如同他们是你的父母。(与现在事实相反)
●He acted as though nothing had happened. 他表现得若无其事。(与过去事实相反)
● They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.
他们谈了又谈,好像永远不会再见面了。(与将来事实相反)
【特别注意】
当句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。
●It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。
●.He talks as if he is drunk. 从他谈话的样子来看他像是醉了
Point 2 在It's(high/ about)time(that)...句型中，that引导的定语从句通常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词
用过去式(did)或“ should-+动词原形”( should不能省略),意为“该是…的时候了”
●Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.
杰克是一个夸夸其谈的是时候他应该去做点什么而不是仅仅空谈了。
●It is time that you went/should go to bed, Tom. 汤姆,你该去睡觉了。
Point 3 虚拟语气用于 if only引导的条件句或感叹句
虚拟语气
从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式或(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
与将来事实相反
would/ could/ might-+动词原形
●If only I were younger now! 要是现在我年轻一些该多好啊!(与现在事实相反)
●If only you had worked with greater care! 要是你更细心地工作该多好啊!(与过去事实相反)
●If only I could go to the moon one day! 要是我有一天能到月球上该多好啊!(与将来事实相反)
【特别注意】
only if：意为“只有…(才)’引导条件状语句，不用虚拟语气。
●I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 我告诉他,只要他努力就会成功。
练单项选择填空
1．I wonder why we________ eat out all the time when we can cook our own meals at home.
A．may B．would C．should D．must
2．In the country Bhutan, weather ______ vary dramatically from place to place, day to day or even within the same day.
A．can B．shall C．must D．need
3．There was no sign of a break-in, so the thieves ________ someone on the inside helping them.
A．might have B．should have had C．could have D．must have had
4．—I didn’t pass the final exam.
—I don’t think it’s surprising. You________ on your studies rather than computer games.
A．should focus B．should have focused
C．must focus D．must have focused
5．Writers often coupled narration with other techniques to develop ideas and support opinions that otherwise________ abstract, unclear, or unconvincing.
A．may remain B．could remain C．must have remained D．might have remained
6．— Why don’t you enter the office? They are waiting for you.
— The door ________ open, no matter how hard I pushed.
A．won’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t
7．Didn't she notice they were crying there? How ________she just walk away from her children like that?
A．should B．would C．could D．need
8．You ________ walk on the wet hill path because you ________ fall and hurt yourself.
A．must; might not B．mustn’t; might C．needn’t; need D．must; must
9．—Oh, God! I was almost hit by the car. It was driving so fast!
—This is a busy crossroad. You ______ be too careful when crossing the street.
A．may not B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．cannot
10．You ________ put the task off any longer. We are all waiting for it.
A．mightn’t B．won’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t
11．—Look! There stands a man over there behind the tree.I guess it ________ be Mr.Smith.
—It ________ be him.He has gone to his hometown.He left yesterday.
A．may, can’t B．can, mustn’t
C．must, may not D．should, shouldn’t
12．Now most young people like shopping online because they ________ spend a lot of time going from shop to shop.
A．needn't B．can't C．mustn't D．shouldn't
13．I ________ pay Lucy a visit, but I’m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.
A．could B．should C．would D．shall
14．---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted.
---Wel1, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think.
A．may have made
B．should have made
C．couldnt have made
D．needn't have made
15．—What is an ideal team leader like?
—He ________ be responsible, determined and creative.
A．can B．may C．would D．should
16．—You shouldn’t have talked back to our teacher like that. It was awfully impolite.
—You are right. I________ crazy at that moment.
A．must have been B．might be C．could have been D．should have been
17．Only a few journalists ________ the story, which was about the president.
A．dared covered B．dare covered
C．dare to cover D．dared to cover
18．If fish are jumping higher than usual or frogs are croaking more loudly, it________ rain.
A．must B．may C．shall D．need
19．Since the road is wet this morning, it________ last night.
A．must rain B．must be raining
C．must have rained D．must have been rained
20．— Could I call you by your first name?
— Yes, you ______.
A．will B．need C．may D．must
21．Had the calculations been done by hand, all practical value ______ by the time they were finished.
A．had lost B．would lose C．would have lost D．should have lost
22．The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential ________for that.
A．for us to be prepared B．that we are prepared
C．of us to be prepared D．our being prepared
23．She suggested not only ________to the English party but also sing a song in English.
A．did I go B．should I go C．I should go D．my going
24．Seeing her peers struggling for success and independence, Zhang yue offered her suggestion that they ________ seek guidance from expert consultants.
A．must B．should C．can D．shall
25．If I were given another chance, I ________ much better than I did last night.
A．will perform B．performed C．was performed D．would perform
26．Sue likes going to the shops and always spends money ______ there was no tomorrow.
A．even if B．as if C．as long as D．as soon as
27．Ten days are devoted to this training program and ________ it be unsuccessful, it could be repeated later.
A．should B．could C．might D．would
28．________ these spelling mistakes, I would have got a full mark in my English examination.
A．Because of B．But for C．In case of D．In spite of
29．Without gravity（重力), we ________ walk on the ground as freely as we do now.
A．couldn't B．mustn't C．shan't D．needn't
30．—Would you mind being charged for WeChat, Mary?
—Certainly. I ________WeChat if I had to pay now.
A．would drop B．will drop C．will have dropped D．would have dropped
练短文语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Test 1
Last week, a grand ceremony paying respect to Huangdi,____1____ legendary ancestor of the Chinese nation, ____2____ (hold) at the Xiandu Scenic Spot in Jinyun, Zhejiang province, on the Chongyang Festival.
The ceremony, ____3____ started at 9:50 am, consisted of nine parts, including striking bells, offering flower baskets and wine to a carols. It ____4____ (have) the theme of "showing respect to Chinese ancestors with efforts all over the world and opening new ____5____(chapter) for attaining common prosperity". During the ceremony, drums were played 34 times and bells were rung 15 times, ____6____ (represent) 1.5 billion Chinese from 34 provinces, municipalities，autonomous regions and special administrative regions in China and overseas Chinese.
The ____7____ (year) ceremony for Huangdi in Jinyun dates back ____8____ the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Showing respect to Huangdi in the new times is reverence (敬畏) for the ancestors who started the Chinese civilization. What's ____9____ (much), it can inspire the Chinese _____10_____ (unite), helping build the common spiritual home for all Chinese.
Test 2
Language is the best approach to___11___( understand) a country. We know that language is a bridge for people to communicate. Chinese is one of the most beautiful languages in the world as well as___12___most-spoken one.
The beauty of Chinese language lies in its form, structure and rhythm. Every sound, stroke, word and sentence have their own stories. In the process of learning Chinese，I hope you will learn to appreciate the Chinese language and its profound cultural heritage. Some foreign friends say that Chinese is difficult___13___( learn). It shows that those who learn Chinese have great courage and___14___( wise).
Only after learning Chinese will you know the meaning___15___( contain) in the Chinese characters. For example, the Chinese character “人”which means “people” consists___16___ two supporting strokes, showing people need to support each other. The Chinese character “大”which means “big or great” is like the Chinese character“人”opening arms. This means people opening arms are of great vision. The Chinese character“天”is like “人”standing against the sky. That’s the reason___17___it has the meaning of “sky”. The Chinese character“信”means “trust”. Its left side is “人” and the right side “言” which means “words”. When the two parts___18___( put) together, it means people keeping their words win trust. You can understand the philosophy at first glance.
There are many___19___( example) like this. There is no other language in the world that can create so much beauty with just two thousand____20____( common) used characters. When you try to learn Chinese，you will feel China, understand China better, and even fall in love with China.
Test 3
The history of Chinese garden architecture dates ____21____ the Shang and Zhou dynasties. During that period, Chinese kings and the nobility began developing forests and woods for hunting, which could____22____(see) as early gardens. The Han Dynasty advanced the concept of these "natural gardens" by adding living quarters and animals.
Traditional Chinese garden architecture was well developed in the Tang Dynasty. During this era, the____23____(construct) of beautiful gardens developed into what would include man-made hills, pools, and fountains.____24____time went on, this man-made beauty was able to successfully mix well with the beauty of the natural environment.
The Ming Dynasty____25____ (follow) by the Qing Dynasty saw the heyday (最兴盛的时期) of Chinese garden architecture. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, emperors gathered skillful craftsmen (工匠) from all over the country____26____ (create) even more complicated gardens. Gardens in this period were no longer____27____ (mere) places for fun, but also served as areas ____28____more formal ceremonies could take place.
Also, gardens in different regions of China have different styles. In northern China, they're large and often designed in scenic mountain areas. The Summer Palace is a typical example. The gardens in the south are____29____(small) than those in the north but no less delicate. Famous gardens_____30_____ (belong) to this type are popular in Jiangsu Province, such as Li Garden and the Lion Forest Garden.

练单项选择填空答案解析
1．【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：既然我们很容易的在家烧饭，为什么偏要外去吃呢？A.may 可能；B.would 将要；C.should 应该；D.must 偏偏，。分析句子可知，既然我们很容易的在家烧饭，为什么偏要外去吃呢，故选D。
2．【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在不丹，不同的地方，不同的日子，甚至同一天，天气都有可能有很大的差异。A. can可能；       B. shall应该；C. must必须；D. need需要。根据语境分析，can有时可能会（用于偶尔的可能性），用于此处阐述天气比较合适。故选A项。
3．【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：没有闯入的迹象，所以盗贼们肯定有内应帮助他们。根据“There was no sign of a break-in”可知，此处是指对过去事实的推测，排除A项和C项；should have done表示“本应该做确没做某事”，此处表示对过去事实的肯定推测，需用must have done这种形式。故选D。
4．【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：——我没有通过期末考试。——我认为这并不令人惊讶。你本应该集中精力学习而不是玩电脑游戏。should应该；must必须；此处结合语境表示“本应该做某事，结果没有”应用should have done；must have done表示“必定做了某事”，表示对过去已经发生的事情的肯定推测，不符合语境。故选B。
5．【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：作家经常将叙述与其他技巧结合起来，以发展思想和支持观点，否则可能会保持抽象、不清晰或不令人信服。根据coupled可知，此处表示对过去事实的推测，排除A项和B项；情态动词+have done sth表示对过去情况的推测。must have done表示对过去的肯定推测；might/may/could have done表示对过去可能发生的事情的推测。分析句意可知，此处表对过去可能发生的事情的推测。故选D项。
6．【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——你为什么不进办公室？他们正在等你。——不管我怎么推，门都打不开。A. won’t不能，强调实施者执意要开，表意愿，主语可以是人也可以是物；B. can’t不能，表示能力；C. mustn’t不必；D. needn’t不需要。此处主语为door，且表示实施者执意要开，应用won’t。故选A。
7．【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：她没注意到他们在哭吗?她怎么能就这样离开她的孩子们? A. should应该；B. would将要；C. could能够；D. need需要。根据“Didn't she notice they were crying there?”可知，她怎么能够不管孩子而离开呢？故选C。
8．【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你禁止走在潮湿的山路上，因为你可能会摔倒受伤。A. must; might not必须；可能不会；B. mustn’t; might禁止，不能；可能；C. needn’t; need不需要；需要；D. must; must必须；必修。根据句中“walk on the wet hill path”和“fall and hurt yourself”可知，句中指“禁止”走在潮湿的山路上，因为“可能”会摔倒受伤，故空格一应用“mustn’t”，意为“禁止，不能”，为情态动词“must”的否定形式，空格二应用“might”，意为“可能”，为情态动词，表示推测。故选B项。
9．【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——哦,上帝! 我差点被车撞了。 它开得真快! ——这是一个繁忙的十字路口。 过马路时越小心越好。 A. may not可能不；B. needn't不需要；C. mustn't禁止，不准；D. cannot不能。根据句意以及句式结构，可知此处考查can't be too + adj. （再...也不为过）。故选D项。
10．【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：你不应该再推迟这项任务了。我们都在等待。A. mightn’t不可能；B. won’t不会；C. mustn’t不应该；D. needn’t不必。根据后文“We are all waiting for it.”等句意可知，此处表示“你不应该再推迟了”。情态动词must表示义务、命令或必要，意为“必须；应当”，其否定式符合句意。故选C项。
11．【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——看! 树后面站着一个人。 我猜可能是史密斯先生。——不可能是他。他回家乡去了。他昨天离开的。A. may也许，can't不可能；B. can可以、能够，mustn't不允许；C. must必须，may not可能不；D. should应该，shouldn't不应该。根据I guess可知，第一个空格处语气不确定，表示不太确定的肯定猜测“也许”用may；根据答语中 “He has gone to his hometown.He left yesterday.”可知，表示有把握的否定猜测“不可能”用can't。故选A项。
12．【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：现在大部分年轻人喜欢在线购物，因为他们不必花大量时间从一个商店逛到另一个商店。A. needn't不必；B. can't不能；C. mustn't不准；D. shouldn't不应该。结合句意可知，此处是指通过在线购物，很多年轻人就没有花大量时间逛商店的必要了。故选A。
13．【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我应该去拜访露西，但我不确定这个星期天我是否有时间。A. could 能够； B. should 应该；C. would 将会；D. shall 将要，将会。根据句意可知，虽然我不确定这个星期天我是否有时间，但是我应该去拜访露西。所以用should。而shall同I和we连用，表示将要，在疑问句中同I和we连用，表示提出或征求意见。故选B。
14．【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：—老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。—唉，谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能；B.should have made本应该做；C.couldnt have made不可能做；D.needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故选A。
15．【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：—理想的团队领导应该是什么样的?——他应该有责任心，有决心，有创造力。A. can能够，可能；B. may也许，可能；C. would将会；       D. should应该。此处指理想的团队领导应该有责任心，有决心，有创造力。表示“应该”，故选D。
16．【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：--你不应该那样跟老师顶嘴。这太不礼貌了。--你是对的。那一刻我一定是疯了。A. must have been一定是……（对过去事实肯定的推测）；B. might be可能会；C. could have been本能够，但实际上没有；D. should have been本应该，但实际上没有。根据句意可知，说话人认识到自己的错误，觉得自己当时一定是疯了，是对过去情况的肯定推测，用must have done结构。故选A项。
17．【答案】D
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：只有几个记者敢报道这个关于总统的故事。表示“敢做某事”短语为dare to do sth.，如果dare 当做情态动词，后面用动词原形，可以排除A、B，结合后文which was about the president可知为一般过去时。故选D。
18．【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：如果鱼跳得比平时高或者青蛙叫声比平时更响，那么就有可能要下雨了。A. must必须；B. may可能；C. shall应当；D. need需要。由语意可知，鱼跳得比平时高，或者青蛙叫声比平时更响，那么就有可能要下雨，这是自然现象中的一种可能性，表推测。故选B项。
19．【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：既然今天早上路是湿的，昨晚一定下雨了。根据上文“the road is wet this morning”可知表示对过去的肯定推测，应用must have done。故选C。
20．【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我可以叫你的名字吗?——是的,你可以。分析句意可知，该句表示对对方请求的“许可”，表达此意时应用may，故选C。
21．【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这些计算是手工完成的，那么到计算完成时，所有的实用价值都将丧失。 根据句意及“Had the calculations been done by hand”可知，此题涉及到省略if的条件状语从句的虚拟语气；根据“had been done”可知，该句是对过去情况的虚拟，所以主句要用would/coould/should/might have done；根据句意，此处意指“实用价值就会丧失”。故选C项。
22．【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气及固定句式。句意：开幕式是一个伟大的时刻。我们必须为此做好准备。A.for us to be prepared让我们做好准备；B.that we are prepared我们准备好了；C.of us to be prepared我们要做好准备；D.our being prepared我们做好准备。虚拟语气用于主语从句中，it is essential+that从句，从句的谓语动词应用（should）+动词原形，should可省略。故选项B不对；固定句式：it is+形容词+of/for sb +to do sth.而essential后面应用for。故选A。
23．【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和部分倒装。句意：她建议我不仅要去参加英语晚会，还要唱首英文歌曲。根据句子里的“suggested…but also sing”的结构可知，首先要考虑suggest后面是宾语从句。根据句子意思可知，这里的suggest要翻译成“建议”的意思，所以，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词要用“（should）+动词原形”的结构。所以，陈述句的时候空格上应该填I should go。但是，在空格前面有not only，和后面的but also构成固定搭配的并列连词结构，当not only位于句首时，它后面的这个小分句要部分倒装，即把谓语动词里的助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语前面。根据虚拟句的要求，这个小分句的谓语动词是“（should）+动词原形”的结构，有情态动词should，所以倒装的时候直接把should提到主语前面即可。故选B项。
24．【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：看到同龄人为成功和独立而奋斗，张悦建议他们应该寻求专家顾问的指导。A.must必须；B.should应该；C.can能；D.shall将。分析句子可知，此句为同位语从句，that引导的从句是suggestion的具体内容，从句使用should + 动词原形，should可以被省略的虚拟语气。故选B。
25．【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果再给我一次机会，我的表现会比昨晚好很多。分析可知，句子为if引导的虚拟条件句，是对现在情况的虚拟，条件句用一般过去时，主句谓语用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”，所以用would perform。故选D项。
26．【答案】B
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：苏喜欢去商店买东西，总是像没有明天一样花钱。A.even if即使；B.as if好像；C.as long as只要；D.as soon as一......就......。从句使用的是虚拟语气，结合句意可知，此处用as if引导状语从句复合语境。故选B。
27．【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们用了10天的时间来完成这个训练计划，如果不成功，以后还可以重复。结合后文“ it could be repeated later.”可知，此处表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句，主句用would (should, could, might) +动词原形，从句动词用过去式（be 通常用were）或用 should+动词原形或 were to+动词原形；且而虚拟条件句中，如有were、should或had，可将if省略，将were、should或had提前至句首构成倒装。故选A。
28．【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：要不是这些拼写错误，我就会在英语考试中得满分了。A. Because of 因为；B. But for 要不是；C. In case of 万一；D. In spite of 尽管。根据句意以及句子用到的虚拟语气，可知此处用but for表示与过去事实相反的假设，故选B。
29．【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有重力，我们不可能像现在这样自由地在地上行走。A. couldn't不可能；B. mustn't禁止；C. shan't不应该；D. needn't 没必要。由语意可知，本句为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故句子谓语动词的否定式要用wouldn't / couldn't/ shouldn't/ mightn't+动词原形。故选A项。
30．【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——玛丽，你介意微信收费吗？——当然介意。如果要我现在付钱的话，我会放弃微信。根据语境和后文now可知此处表示与现在事实相反：主句用would +动词原形，从句动词用过去式（be 通常用 were）。故选A。
练短文语法填空答案解析
Test 1
1．a 2．was held 3．which 4．had 5．chapters
6．representing 7．yearly 8．to 9．more 10．to unite
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍重阳节的庆典活动。
1．考查冠词。句意：上周，在重阳节，一个盛大的庆典在浙江省缙云仙都风景区被举办，为了表达对中国的一位传奇祖先——黄帝的尊敬。根据句子结构和意思可知，此处表泛指，“一位传奇祖先”，所以用不定冠词。 legendary首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
2．考查谓语动词。句意：见第1题。分析句子结构可知，此处需填谓语动词，主语a grand ceremony与谓语动词hold存在被动关系，故用被动语语态，由Last week可知，需要用一般过去时。故填was held。
3．考查定语从句。句意：这个庆典上午9点50分开始，由9个部分组成，包括敲钟，伴着颂歌送花篮和酒。根据句子结构和意思可知，这句话是非限制性定语从句，先行词“The ceremony”，指物，在从句中做主语。故填which。
4．考查谓语动词。句意：它的主题是“向全球的付出努力的中国祖先表示尊敬，为获得共同繁荣打开新的篇章。” 根据句子结构和意思可知，这句话是陈述过去的事情，所以空格处的谓语动词需用一般过去时。故填had。
5．考查名词的单复数。句意：见第4题。根据句子结构和意思可知，chapter是可数名词，其前没有冠词等限定词，所以该填复数形式。故填chapters。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：在典礼期间，鼓被敲34次，钟响15次，代表来自于中国34个省的，自治区，直辖市和特别行政区的海内外15亿中国人。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查现在分词作伴随状语，动词“represent”和“drums were played 34 times and bells were rung 15 times”是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填representing。
7．考查形容词。句意：在缙云的这个一年一度的为纪念黄帝的庆典可追溯到东晋时期。根据句子结构和意思可知，此处需填形容词yearly(一年一度的)充当定语，修饰后面的名词“ceremony”。故填yearly。
8．考查介词。句意：见第7题。根据句子结构和意思可知，此处考查动词短语date back to意为“追溯到”里面的介词。故填to。
9．考查固定短语。句意：而且，它可以鼓舞全国人民大团结，帮助为中国人民建立共同的精神家园。根据句子结构和意思可知，此处考查固定短语what's more，意为“而且”。故填more。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：见第9题。根据句子结构和意思可知，此处考查固定搭配inspire sb. to do sth.，意思是“激发某人做某事”。故填to unite。
Test 2
11．understanding 12．the 13．to learn 14．wisdom 15．contained
16．of 17．why 18．are put 19．examples 20．commonly
【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了中文的魅力，让外国朋友更好地理解了中华文化。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：语言是了解一个国家的最好方法。固定短语approach to中的to为介词，后面用动名词做宾语。故填understanding。
12．考查冠词。句意：汉语是世界上最美丽的语言之一，也是说得最多的语言之一。根据后文most-spoken可知，形容词最高级前面用定冠词the。故填the。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些外国朋友说汉语很难学。“主语+be +形容词+to do”是固定句型，主动表被动，动词不定式于形容词后作状语。故填to learn。
14．考查名词。句意：这表明学习汉语的人有很大的勇气和智慧。根据前文courage and 可知，此处应用wise的名词wisdom和courage并列作宾语，wisdom是不可数名词。故填wisdom。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：只有学习了汉语，你才会知道汉字的意思。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词contain和所修饰的名词meaning之间的为被动关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填contained。
16．考查介词。句意：例如，汉字“人”这意味着“人”由两个相互支持的笔划组成，表明人们需要相互支持。consist of “由……组成”是固定短语，符合句意。故填of。
17．考查定语从句。句意：这就是为什么它有“天空”的意思。分析句子可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the reason，关系副词why引导从句，在从句中用作原因状语。故填why。
18．考查语态和时态。句意：当这两部分结合在一起时，就意味着言行一致的人赢得了信任。谓语动词put和主语parts之间是被动关系，此处描述客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，主谓一致，故填are put。
19．考查名词复数。句意：有很多这样的例子。根据前文many可知，此处应用可数名词example的复数形式。故填examples。
20．考查副词。句意：世界上没有其他语言能用两千个常用字符创造出如此之多的美。修饰过去分词转化的形容词used应用副词。故填commonly。
Test 3
21．from 22．be seen 23．construction 24．as 25．followed
26．to create 27．merely 28．where 29．smaller 30．belonging
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了中国园林建筑艺术的起源以及不同历史时期园林艺术的不同特点。
21．考查介词。句意：中国园林建筑的历史可以追溯到商周时期。根据句意以及空格前的动词date，可知此处考查了动词短语date from（追溯到）。故填from。
22．考查被动语态。句意：在那个时期，中国的帝王和贵族开始开发森林用于狩猎，这可以被视为早期的花园。根据空格前情态动词could，可知空格处要填动词原形；根据句意及空格后介词as，可知此处考查了动词短语see…as…（把......看作......）的被动语态形式。故填be seen。
23．考查名词。句意：在这个时代，美丽的花园的建设发展成包括人造山丘、水池和喷泉。根据空格前冠词the以及空格后介词of，可知此处要填名词，在句中作主语。故填construction。
24．考查连词。句意：随着时间的推移，这种人造的美能够成功地与自然环境的美融合在一起。分析句子结构可知，此处要填连词；根据句意，可知此处考查了as 引导的时间状语从句as time goes on（随着时间流逝）。注意，此空位于句首，首字母大写。故填As。
25．考查非谓语动词。句意：明朝以及其后的清朝都见证了中国园林建筑的鼎盛时期。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，作定语修饰前面的名词The Ming Dynasty；所填词follow与其是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填followed。
26．考查非谓语动词。句意：特别是在清代,皇帝从全国各地招来能工巧匠来创建更复杂的花园。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词；根据句意，此处意指招来工匠是为了建造更加复杂的花园，所以用动词不定式表示目的。故填to create。
27．考查副词。句意：这一时期的花园不再仅仅是娱乐的场所，同时也是举行正式仪式的场所。分析句子结构可知，此处要填副词修饰be动词，表示此时的花园不仅仅是娱乐场所。故填merely。
28．考查定语从句。句意：这一时期的花园不再仅仅是娱乐的场所，同时也是举行正式仪式的场所。分析句子结构可知，此处考查了定语从句，从句符合主（more formal ceremonies）谓（could take place）结构，所以要用关系副词引导从句，先行词是areas（区域），关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
29．考查形容词。句意：南方的花园比北方的小，但同样精致。根据空格前be动词are，可知此处要填形容词；根据空格后表示比较关系的介词than，可知空格处要填比较级。故填smaller。
30．考查非谓语动词。句意：属于这一类型的著名园林在江苏省很受欢迎，如蠡园和狮子林园。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，和其后的to this type构成非谓语动词短语作定语修饰前面的名词gardens。注意belong to（属于）没有被动语态形式，所以用现在分词作定语修饰名词。故填belonging。
可知，此处要填连词；根据句意，可知此处考查了as 引导的时间状语从句as time goes on（随着时间流逝）。注意，此空位于句首，首字母大写。故填As。
25．考查非谓语动词。句意：明朝以及其后的清朝都见证了中国园林建筑的鼎盛时期。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，作定语修饰前面的名词The Ming Dynasty；所填词follow与其是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填followed。
26．考查非谓语动词。句意：特别是在清代,皇帝从全国各地招来能工巧匠来创建更复杂的花园。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词；根据句意，此处意指招来工匠是为了建造更加复杂的花园，所以用动词不定式表示目的。故填to create。
27．考查副词。句意：这一时期的花园不再仅仅是娱乐的场所，同时也是举行正式仪式的场所。分析句子结构可知，此处要填副词修饰be动词，表示此时的花园不仅仅是娱乐场所。故填merely。
28．考查定语从句。句意：这一时期的花园不再仅仅是娱乐的场所，同时也是举行正式仪式的场所。分析句子结构可知，此处考查了定语从句，从句符合主（more formal ceremonies）谓（could take place）结构，所以要用关系副词引导从句，先行词是areas（区域），关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
29．考查形容词。句意：南方的花园比北方的小，但同样精致。根据空格前be动词are，可知此处要填形容词；根据空格后表示比较关系的介词than，可知空格处要填比较级。故填smaller。
30．考查非谓语动词。句意：属于这一类型的著名园林在江苏省很受欢迎，如蠡园和狮子林园。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，和其后的to this type构成非谓语动词短语作定语修饰前面的名词gardens。注意belong to（属于）没有被动语态形式，所以用现在分词作定语修饰名词。故填belonging。