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【期中精准练】专题10：2022-2023学年高一下期中考试模拟试题（三）-2022-2023学年高一下英语期中必考题型精准练（上海专用）
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这是一份【期中精准练】专题10：2022-2023学年高一下期中考试模拟试题（三）-2022-2023学年高一下英语期中必考题型精准练（上海专用），共26页。试卷主要包含了单项选择，语篇语法填空，词汇填空，完形填空，阅读理解，六选四，汉译英等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年高一下期中必考题精准练
专题10： 2022-2023学年高一下期中考试模拟试题（三）
一、单项选择
1．They insist that a computer does only what thinking humans have planned ______ .
A．to have it do B．to have it done
C．having it done D．to have done it
2．__________ in thought while looking at the picture, she didn’t hear the knock at the door.
A．Losing B．Lost C．To lose D．To be lost
3．Most women identified at least one trusted friends __________ they could turn in a trouble moment.
A．off which B．on which C．to whom D．up whom
4．Mary’s eyes became weak with old age __________ she did simply not see the red light.
A．as long as B．even though C．in case D．so that
5．The children at the Medical Care Centre were so friendly that it was __________ to interact with them than we had expected.
A．easy B．much easier C．less easier D．the easiest
6．So bold were the Chinese-American architect IM Pei’s designs that they were often regarded as controversial, ______ to shock the public.
A．intended B．intending C．having intended D．to be intended
7．No British Christmas dinner is complete without the iconic Christmas pudding, ______ the meal, at the very end of the meal.
A．to serve B．serving C．served D．being served
8．______ halfway through our exercise, the teacher changed her mind and collected all our papers.
A．When being B．When we were C．Since we were D．Having been
9．A survey finds that those with college degrees are almost _________ those with no more than a high school education to spend time playing sports.
A．twice as likely as B．twice likely as C．likely twice as D．likely as twice as
10．Students are better judges than anyone else when it comes to _________ is a qualified teacher among the staff.
A．anyone B．whoever C．whomever D．who
二、语篇语法填空
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
What makes us afraid?
What are the things that scare you: snakes, spiders or creepy crawlies? Or maybe you have a fear of heights or ___11___ (visit) the dentist. Although some of us just get scared or a bit nervous about these things, for others it can cause an irrational (不理智的) reaction that can’t be controlled—something we call a phobia. It occurs ___12___ someone develops an exaggerated or unrealistic sense of danger about a situation or object.
Sometimes it’s good to be aware of the possible dangers from things. Our brain alerts us to the risks that ___13___ lie ahead, but then we often rationalise (合理地解释) the risks and overcome them. Clinical psychologist Warren Mansell told the BBC: “Our fears are hard-wired into our brains—we don’t need to learn to be afraid of animals like snakes or spiders.” But phobias are stronger than just fears. Warren says: “An area called the amygdala in the brain is recognising a threat and preparing your body ___14___ fight or flight.” With a phobia, your breathing gets quicker, your pulse speeds up, you sweat, there’s more glucose in your blood, increasing your energy, and your brain is unable to control these reactions.
But where does a phobia come from? Speaking to the BBC, Lauren Rosenberg, a fear and phobia expert, says: “Phobias usually are a copy behaviour from a ___15___ (high) authority, like a parent or teacher, or something you ___16___ (learn) from your own experience.” Or a trauma (心理创伤) from a past event ___17___ comes back to haunt you.
There are many different complex phobias some people suffer from, such as agoraphobia—___18___ (trigger) by being away from home, social anxiety disorder—feeling anxious in social situations, and iatrophobia—fear of doctors. But how can they be overcome? Cognitive behavioural therapy is one choice, where you gradually get used to ___19___ it is you fear. Lauren Rosenburg says she likes to work with people to clear their subconscious memory and help them breathe. But if you do have a phobia, continually trying ____20____ (avoid) what you’re afraid of is likely to make the situation worse, so it’s a good idea to find help to overcome it.
三、词汇填空
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．consequence B．Similarly C．describes D．address E. recall F. associated
G. nonessential H. convenient I. addiction J. Obviously K. balance
Digital dementia—Smart devices don’t necessarily help people act smart
When was the last time that you dialed a phone number from memory? It probably depends on how long you have been using technology like a cellphone. While some generations can ____21____ the days of memorizing phone numbers, it’s possible that members of Generation Z have never had to remember a single contact. Why is this? Because smartphones offer quick and ____22____ ways for storing and accessing information. There is no need to memorize anything. But this isn’t without ____23____. As digital devices develop more and more, user’s heavy reliance on them may be having bad effects. “Digital dementia (痴呆症)” is the term being used by medical professionals to identify some of these effects.
Some professionals like Jim Kwik, an expert in memory improvement are taking a closer look at this effect. Kwik ____24____ digital dementia like this; “we depend so much on our smartphones that they are making us stupid.” As medical studies show the decline in memory and cognitive (认知的) skills among smartphone user, a connection is made between symptoms ____25____ with dementia.
The seriousness of overuse becomes apparent when you consider just how young smartphone users are becoming. The overstimulation of screens and sounds can lead to ____26____. So now parents , teachers and managers are asking how to handle the influx (涌现) of young people with this kind of addiction
____27____, smartphones aren’t all bad. They’re incredibly convenient, and the connectivity they create cannot be taken for granted. The key is figuring out how to strike a ____28____ between usage and no—use. Here are a few ways people can try to ____29____ cellphone addiction and fight against digital dementia.
First, monitor your cellphone use. Cut back on any ______30______ usage. Set a specific goal of how much you think you should use your phone.
Second, determine designated (指定的) areas for cellphone use. For example, while you are at home, only allow yourself to check your phone somewhere like a home office. This way, the time in between tasks isn’t automatically filled with staring at your screen.
四、完形填空
How many people can speak English? Some experts estimate that 1.5 billion people—around one-quarter of the world’s population—can communicate reasonably well in English.
Never in recorded history has a language been as __31__ spoken as English is today. The reason why millions are learning it is simple: it is the language of international business and __32__, the key to prosperity. It is not just that multinational companies conduct their business in English; it is the language in which Germans speak to Indonesians.
David Graddol, the author of English Next, says it is tempting to view the story of English simply as a victory for is native speakers in North America, Britain and Ireland, and Australia—but that would be a __33__ . Global English has entered a more complex stage, changing in ways that the English-speaking countries cannot control and might __34__ .
An important question one might ask is: whose English will it be in the future? Non-native speakers now __35__ native English speakers by three to one. The majority of __36__ in English today take place between non-native speakers. According to David Graddol, many business meetings held in English appear to run more __37__ when there are no native English speakers present. This is because native speakers are often __38__ at ensuring that they are understood in international discussions. They tend to think they need to avoid longer Latin-based words, but in fact __39__ problems are more often caused by their use of idioms, metaphors, and phrasal verbs. On one occasion, at an international student conference in Amsterdan, conducted in English, the only British representative was asked to be “less __40__ ” so that the others could understand her.
Professor Barbara Seidlhofer, Professor of English at the University of Vienna, records spoken English __41__ between speakers of the language around the world. She says her team has noticed that non-native speakers are __42__ standard English grammar in several ways. Even the most experienced speakers sometimes omit the “s” in the third person singular. Many omit definite and indefinite articles where they are __43__ in standard English, or put them in where standard English does not use them. Nouns that are not plural in native-speaker English are used as plurals by non-native speakers (e.g., “informations”, “knowledges”, “advices” ). Other variations include “make a discussion”, “discuss about something”, or “phone to somebody”.
Many native English speakers will insist that these are not variations, they are mistakes. “Knowledges” and “phone to somebody” are simply __44__ . Many non-native speakers who teach English around the world would agree. But language changes, and so do ideas of grammatical __45__.
31．A．well B．widely C．fully D．regularly
32．A．besides B．therefore C．otherwise D．however
33．A．mistake B．success C．challenge D．competition
34．A．forget B．undergo C．justify D．dislike
35．A．understand B．envy C．outnumber D．overload
36．A．encounters B．instructions C．negotiation. D．treatments
37．A．roughly B．slowly C．swiftly D．smoothly
38．A．poor B．angry C．clever D．skillful
39．A．equipment B．economy C．comprehension D．culture
40．A．visible B．considerate C．English D．foreign
41．A．grammar B．interaction C．courses D．vocabulary
42．A．studying B．explaining C．checking D．varying
43．A．required B．deleted C．judged D．stressed
44．A．harmful B．impolite C．wrong D．illogical
45．A．phenomenon B．research C．structure D．correctness
五、阅读理解
A
Dear Lee,
As I told you, I’ll be gone until Wednesday morning. Thank you so much for taking on my “children” while I’m away. Like real children, they can be kind of irritating sometimes, but I’m going to enjoy myself so much more knowing they’re getting some kind human attention. Remember that Regina (the “queen” in Latin, and she acts like one) is teething. If you don’t watch her, she’ll chew anything, including her sister, the cat. There are plenty of chew toys around the house. Whenever she starts gnawing on anything illegal, just divert her with one of those. She generally settles right down to a good hour-long chew. Then you’ll see her wandering around whimpering with the remains of the toy in her mouth. She gets really frustrated because what she wants is to bury the thing. She’ll try to dig a hole between the cushions of the couch. Finding that unsatisfactory, she’ll wander some more, discontent, until you solve her problem for her. I usually show her the laundry basket, moving a few clothes so she can bury her toy beneath them. I do sound like a parent, don’t I? You have to understand, my own son is practically grown up.
Regina’s food is the Puppy Chow in the utility room, where the other pet food is stored. Give her a bowl once in the morning and once in the evening. No more than that, no matter how much she begs. Beagles(猎犬) are notorious overeaters, according to her breeder, and I don’t want her to lose her girlish figure. She can share Rex (the King’s) water, but be sure it’s changed daily. She needs to go out several times a day, especially last thing at night and first thing in the morning. Let her stay out for about ten minutes each time, so she can do all her business. She also needs a walk in the afternoon, after which it’s important to romp with her for awhile in the yard. The game she loves most is fetch, but be sure to make her drop the ball. She’d rather play tug of war with it. Tell her, “Sit!” Then, when she does, say, “Drop it!” Be sure to tell her “good girl,” and then throw the ball for her. I hope you’ll enjoy these sessions as much as I do.
Now, for the other two, Rex and Paws… (letter continues)
46．The tone of this letter is best described as _____.
A．chatty and humorous B．logical and precise
C．confident and trusting D．humble and preachy
47．The information in the note is sufficient to determine that there are three animals. They are _____.
A．two cats and a dog B．three dogs
C．a dog, a cat, and an unspecified animal D．a cat, a dog, and a parrot
48．From the context of the note, it is most likely that the name “Rex” is _____.
A．Spanish B．English
C．French D．Latin
49．If the sitter is to follow the owner’s directions in playing fetch with Regina, at what point will he or she tell Regina “good girl”?
A．Every time Regina goes after the ball. B．After Regina finds the ball.
C．When Regina brings the ball back. D．After Regina drops the ball.
B
Amazon Charts
The Top Five Most Sold & Most Read Books of the Week
No.1
It--Now a major film BY STEPHEN KING
Stephen King’s terrifying, classic #1 New York Times bestseller, “a landmark in American literature” (Chicago Sun-Times)-about seven adults who return to their hometown to fight a nightmare they had first been troubled with as teenagers - an evil without a name: it.
Readers of Stephen King know that Derry, Maine, is a place with a deep, dark hold on the author. It reappears in many of his books, including Bag of Bones, Hearts in Atlantis and 11/22/63. But it all starts with It.
No.2
A Column of Fire—#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER BY KENFOLLETT
In 1558, the ancient stones of Kingsbridge Cathedral looked down on a city split by religious conflict. As power in England shifted dangerously between Catholics and Protestants, royalty and commoners clashed, testing friendship, loyalty and love...
No.3
A Game of Thrones—NOW THE ACCLAIMED HBO SERIES GAME OF THRONES BY GEORGE R.R. MARTIN
From a master of contemporary fantasy comes the first novel of a landmark series unlike any you’ve ever read before. With A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin has launched a genuine masterpiece, bringing together the best the genre has to offer. Mystery, intrigue, romance and adventure fill the pages of this magnificent saga, the first volume in an epic series sure to delight fantasy fans everywhere.
No.4
The Cuban Affair-INSTANT #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER BY NELSON DEMILLE
Brilliantly written with his signature humor and real experience from his research trip to Cuba... Nelson DeMille is a true master of genre.
No.5
Sleeping Beauties
BY OWEN KING, STEPHEN KING
In this spectacular father/son collaboration, Stephen King and Owen King tell the “highest of high-stakes stories: What might happen if women disappeared from the world of men?”
In a future so real and near that it might be now, something happens when women go to sleep. And while they sleep, they go to another place, a better place, where harmony prevails and conflict is rare...
50．According to the article, which book is co-authored?
A．It. B．A Game of Thrones.
C．The Cuban Affair. D．Sleeping Beauties.
51．According to the passage, which books have been adapted for television or the big screen?
A．It and A Game of Thrones.
B．A Column of Fire and The Cuban Affair.
C．A Game of Thrones and Sleeping Beauties.
D．Sleeping Beauties and A Column of Fire.
52．According to the article, which of the following statements is true?
A．The Cuban Affair is a novel written with a serious tone.
B．The story in A Column of Fire is set in a modern European country.
C． “It” describes a frightening story set in a location familiar to the readers of Stephen King.
D．The author of A Game of Thrones has also written other books, including Bags of Bones.
C
As the sun set he remembered, to give himself more confidence, the time in the tavern at Casablanca when he had played the hand game with the great negro from Cienfuegos who was the strongest man on the docks. They had gone one day and one night with their elbows on a chalk line on the table and their forearms straight up and their hands gripped tight. Each one was trying to force the other’s hand down onto the table. There was much betting and people went in and out of the room under the kerosene lights and he had looked at the arm and hand of the negro and at the negro’s face. They changed the referees every four hours after the first eight so that the referees could sleep. Blood came out from under the fingernails of both his and the negro’s hands and they looked each other in the eye and at their hands and forearms and the bettors went in and out of the room and sat on high chairs against the wall and watched. The walls were painted bright blue and were of wood and the lamps threw their shadows against them. The negro’s shadow was huge and it moved on the wall as the breeze moved the lamps.
The odds would change back and forth all night and they fed the negro rum and lighted cigarettes for him. Then the negro, after the rum, would try for a tremendous effort and once he had the old man, who was not an old man then but was Santiago El Campeon, nearly three inches off balance. But the old man had raised his hand up to dead even again. He was sure then that he had the negro, who was a fine man and a great athlete, beaten. And at daylight when the bettors were asking that it be called a draw and the referee was shaking his head, he had unleashed his effort and forced the hand of the negro down and down until it rested on the wood. The match had started on a Sunday morning and ended on a Monday morning.
Many of the bettors had asked for a draw because they had to go to work on the docks loading sacks of sugar or at the Havana Coal Company.
Otherwise everyone would have wanted it to go to a finish. But he had finished it anyway and before anyone had to go to work.
For a long time after that everyone had called him The Champion and there had been a return match in the spring. But not much money was bet and he had won it quite easily since he had broken the confidence of the negro from Cienfuegos in the first match. After that he had a few matches and then no more. He decided that he could beat anyone if he wanted to badly enough and he decided that it was bad for his right hand for fishing. He had tried a few practice matches with his left hand. But his left hand had always been a traitor and would not do what he called on it to do and he did not trust it.
Quoted from The Old Man and the Sea
53．Since the old man is the main character, in the hand game, why does Hemingway put more efforts in describing his opponent the negro?
A．Because Hemingway himself is an anti-racist who wants to support the colored race.
B．By doing so, he indirectly shows how strong and determined the old man is to readers.
C．He shifts readers’ attention to a new character to neutralize the nervous atmosphere.
D．There is no need to describe the old man because he is well-known to all readers.
54．What does the underlined word “unleashed” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．spare B．restrict C．reduce D．loose
55．Which of the followings is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Many bettors were afraid of losing their money so they wanted to call the game a draw.
B．The old man had owed his victory over the negro more to his will than to his strength.
C．The referee had been convinced by the bettors that the game be considered a draw
D．Regular hand games should be a good practice to enhance the old man’s fishing skills
56．What can be inferred from the whole passage?
A．The old man defeated the negro more than once in the matches with his will power
B．Many workers working on the docks had showed no respect towards the old man.
C．The old man had to self-feed himself a lot so as to stay competitive in the game.
D．The negro was not as strong and athletic as the old man had expected him to be.
六、六选四
What Makes Risk-Takers Tempt Fate?
A．Now, research suggests that they are right.
B．They seek out extreme sports as a way to actually feel.
C．Extreme sports such as wingsuiting are gaining popularity.
D．However, most scientists agree that personality is a complex mix of environmental and genetic influences.
E．They are actually extremely well-prepared athletes with high levels of self-awareness and a deep knowledge of the environment.
F．According to a study by the University of Colorado School of Medicine, 76 percent of wingsuiters have experienced a close call.
Moments before throwing herself off a thousand-foot cliff, Steph Davis feels a surge of fear and excitement. As she pushes away from the edge, these mixed feelings give way to an intense rush, then deep focus. She must position her body just so for her wingsuit (滑翔服) to fill with air. Then, she must open her parachute (降落伞) at precisely the right moment and nail her landing, often within the span of 60 seconds.
_____57_____ In the face of such fatal consequences, why are some people still drawn to risky attempts? The answer may lie in a complex mix of genetic, environmental and psychological factors.
Even before we are born, our appetite for risk may be mapped out in our DNA．Cynthia Thomson’s study found that individuals who reported riskier behavior usually shared a similar genetic constitution (构成). Scientists believe that people with this genetic variant produce more dopamine receptors. “So they need to seek out intense situations to bring up their dopamine levels,” says Thomson.
_____58_____ Several studies have shown that risk-taking behavior is linked to the earliest bonds (关系) we form with our primary caretakers. Those with less secure attachments are more likely to engage in dangerous activities.
There is the common idea that extreme sports enthusiasts are chasing thrills. But Tim Woodman, a professor at the Bangor University in Wales, suggests that it is about something altogether different: emotion regulation. In his view, those who take part in high-risk sports often have difficulty experiencing emotions, a condition called alexithymia. _____59_____ “It’s rewarding because they’ve moved from a feeling of inadequacy to a sense of achievement,” says Woodman.
For years, professional skiers, BASE jumpers, and climbers have argued that they are not reckless (鲁莽的). _____60_____ What people get from extreme sports is deeply transformational—a sense of connecting with a deep sense of self and being authentic, a powerful relationship with the natural world, a sense of freedom. They get a strong sense of living life to its fullest as if touching their full potential.
七、汉译英
61．虽然我们生活在不同的大洲，但是我们在很大程度上来说过着相同的日子。(extent)
62．本次比赛的运动员，年龄从20岁到35岁不等，都渴望夺冠。(range)
63．尽管我们已经尽力了，但结果很大程度上取决于运气和时机。(extent)
64．从明年春天开始，当地政府计划面向社区内的公立学校，推出免费午餐。(target)
65．由于全球化的巨大影响，一些语言传播至世界各地，而另一些语言则已消亡。(extinct)
66．生活在没有文化差异的世界是令人沮丧的，因此我们应该颂扬的不是人类的相似性而是多样性。(celebrate)
参考答案：
1．A
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：他们坚持认为电脑只会做有思维的人类已经计划让它做的事情。分析句子可知，what引导宾语从句，在what引导的宾语从句中，thinking humans为主语，have planned为谓语，空格处表示“计划让它(电脑)做的事情”， plan to do sth. 计划做某事，have it do 其中it 代指computer, 引导词what做do 的宾语，故选A项。
2．B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她看着照片陷入沉思，没有听到敲门声。“didn’t hear”是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词， lost in thought是固定短语，意为“陷入沉思”，因此空格处用过去分词lost作状语，lose与逻辑主语she是被动关系。故选B。
3．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：多数女子会认定至少一个在处境困难时求助的可信赖的朋友。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词friends，turn to sb.“求助某人”，故先行词从句中作介词to的宾语，指人，用关系代词whom，故选C。
4．D
【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：玛丽的眼睛随着年龄的增长而变得虚弱，以至于她根本看不见红灯。A. as long as只要；B. even though即使；C. in case以防；D. so that以至于。根据“Mary’s eyes became weak with old age”可知，玛丽的眼睛因年老而变得虚弱，所以她根本看不见红灯，so that引导结果状语从句。故选D。
5．B
【详解】考查比较级。句意：医疗中心的孩子们非常友好，与他们交流比我们想象的要容易得多。由than可知，空格处用比较级，easy的比较级是easier，用much修饰，故选B。
6．A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：华裔美国建筑师贝聿铭的设计是如此大胆，以至于常常被认为是有争议的，意在震惊公众。设空处为非谓语动词，intend与逻辑主语they之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故选A项。
7．B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在餐末没有端上标志性的圣诞布丁是不完整的的英式圣诞晚餐。serve sth with sth意为“……配……一起上”，故serve the meal without sth，意为“上菜时没有配上……”，根据句意，在餐末没有端上标志性的圣诞布丁是不完整的的英式圣诞晚餐，设空处应用现在分词，作状语。故选B项。
8．B
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：当我们练习到一半时，老师改变了注意，把我们所有的卷子都收上去了。根据句子结构分析可知，此处为从句作状语，再结合句意可知，此处应用when引导时间状语从句，“到一半，中途”表达为be halfway，且根据后文的changed可知，应用一般过去时，故为when we were halfway。故选B。
9．A
【详解】考查倍数的表达。句意：一项调查发现，拥有大学学历的人花时间参加体育运动的可能性几乎是没有高中学历的人的两倍。表示倍数的句式：倍数+as + 原级+ as，结合选项，选项A符合题意。故选A。
10．D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：当涉及到谁是一名合格的教师时，学生比任何人都能做出更好的判断。to后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且表示“谁”。故选D项。
11．visiting 12．when 13．might 14．for 15．higher 16．have learnt##have learned 17．that##which 18．triggered 19．whatever 20．to avoid
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是恐惧症及克服恐惧症的方法。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：或者也许你有恐高症或者害怕去看牙医。分析句子可知，“of”为介词，故空格处应用动名词作宾语，“visit”的动名词形式为“visiting”。故填visiting。
12．考查时间状语从句。句意：当某人对某一情况或物体产生夸大或不切实际的危险感时，就会发生这种情况。分析句子可知，句子为时间状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，根据句意可知，应用“when”引导从句，意为“当……时”。故填when。
13．考查情态动词。句意：我们的大脑会提醒我们前方可能存在的风险，但我们通常会将这些风险合理化并加以克服。分析句子可知，句中指大脑会提醒我们前方“可能”存在的风险，空格处应用情态动词“might”，意为“可能”，表示的可能性较小。故填might。
14．考查固定短语。句意：沃伦说：“大脑中一个叫做杏仁核的区域正在识别威胁，并让你的身体做好战斗或逃跑的准备。”分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“prepare…for…”，意为“使……为……做好准备”，故空格处应用介词“for”。故填for。
15．考查形容词比较级。句意：恐惧症通常是一种来自更高权威的模仿行为，比如父母或老师，或者你从自己的经历中学到的东西。根据句中“like a parent or teacher”可知，“父母或老师”是我们生活中的更高权威，故空格处应用“high”的比较级“higher”，意为“更高的”，作定语。故填higher。
16．考查时态。句意：恐惧症通常是一种来自更高权威的模仿行为，比如父母或老师，或者你从自己的经历中学到的东西。根据句意可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示从过去到现在，我们从自己的经历中学到的东西，“you”和“have”连用，“learn”的过去分词为“learnt”或“learned”，故空格处应填“have learnt”或“have learned”。故填have learnt/have learned。
17．考查定语从句。句意：或是过去事件的心理创伤再次困扰着你。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“trauma”，指事物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“that”或“which”引导从句。故填that/which。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：有些人患有许多不同的复杂恐惧症，如因远离家而引发的公共场所恐惧症、在社交场合感到焦虑的社交焦虑症以及对医生的恐惧引发的医生恐惧症。分析句子可知，句中有系动词“are”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“agoraphobia”和“trigger”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“trigger”的过去分词“triggered”。故填triggered。
19．考查宾语从句。句意：认知行为疗法是一种选择，你可以逐渐习惯你所害怕的一切。分析句子可知，句子为宾语从句，空格处单词引导从句，从句中缺少表语，故应用“whatever”引导从句，意为“无论什么”。故填whatever。
20．考查固定短语。句意：但是，如果你确实有恐惧症，不断地尽力避免你害怕的东西可能会使情况变得更糟，所以寻找帮助来克服它是一个好主意。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“try to do sth.”，意为“尽力做某事”，为不定式作宾语，故空格处应用“to avoid”。故填to avoid。
21．E 22．H 23．A 24．C 25．F 26．I 27．J 28．K 29．D 30．G
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍智能设备不一定能帮助人们变得聪明并介绍人们可以尝试解决手机成瘾和对抗数字痴呆症的几种方法。
21．考查动词。句意：尽管某些代的人能够回想起他们记号码的日子，Generation Z（2001年以后的一代，也称网络时代）00后们很可能从来没有记过某人的联系方式。根据空格前的 can，这里填动词原形recall，意为“回忆”。故选E。
22．考查形容词。句意：因为智能手机为存储和访问信息提供了快速便捷的方式。分析句子成分可知，该空格填形容词convenient作定语，修饰后面的名词短语ways for storing and accessing information，意为“方便的”。故选H。
23．考查名词。句意：这个并不是没有后果的。该空格和前面带来的利处形成对比，空格前有without介词，后面填名词consequence作宾语，意为“结果”。故选A。
24．考查动词。句意：Kwik这样描述数字痴呆症；“我们如此依赖智能手机，以至于它们让我们变得愚蠢。”分析句子成分和意思可知，空格作谓语，意为“描述”。故选C。
25．考查动词。句意：医学研究表明记忆力和认知能力下降在智能手机用户中，与痴呆症相关的症状之间存在联系。分析句子成分和意思可知，这里考查associated with意为“与……有联系”。故选F。
26．考查名词。句意：过度刺激屏幕和声音会导致上瘾。根据后文“this kind of addiction”可知，这是在补充说明，lead to后面跟名词，所以填名词addicion作宾语，意为“上瘾”。故选I。
27．考查副词。句意：显而易见，智能手机不是全坏。前文讲电子产品的缺点，接下来说“smartphones aren’t all bad”可知，上下文是转折关系，空格处位于句首，后面句子成分完整，所以这里填副词Obviously，意为“显而易见”。故选J。
28．考查名词。句意：关键是弄清楚如何在使用和不使用之间找到一个平衡。分析成分可知，空格前有a，所以这里填可数名词单数形式balance，意为“平衡”。故选K。
29．考查动词。句意：以下是人们可以尝试解决手机成瘾和对抗数字痴呆症的几种方法。根据下文and可知，这里是并列关系，与电子痴呆作斗争，说明前面是人们用来摆脱手机上瘾的方法。所以这里填动词address，意为“处理”。故选D。
30．考查形容词。句意：减少任何没必要的使用时间。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里是要用形容词nonessential，修饰后面的名词usage，意为“没必要的”。故选G。
31．B 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．C 36．A 37．D 38．A 39．C 40．C 41．B 42．D 43．A 44．C 45．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。随着越来越多的非英语母语人士使用英语，全球英语已经进入了一个更加复杂的阶段，以英语国家无法控制甚至可能不喜欢的方式发生着变化，非母语的人在多个方面错误地使用英语语法，但是既然语言在改变，语法正确性的概念也可能会改变。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在有记录的历史上，从来没有一种语言像今天的英语这样被广泛使用。A. well好；B. widely广泛地；C. fully充分地；D. regularly定期地。根据第一段“Some experts estimate that 1.5 billion people—around one-quarter of the world’s population—can communicate reasonably well in English. (一些专家估计，有15亿人，大约占世界人口的四分之一，可以相当好地用英语进行交流)”可知，英语被广泛（widely）使用。故选B项。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：数百万人学习英语的原因很简单：英语是国际商业语言，因此也是走向繁荣的关键。A. besides而且；B. therefore因此；C. otherwise否则；D. however然而。根据上半句，英语是国际商务的语言，因此，英语也是生意繁荣事业成功的关键，前半句后后半句 (it is) the key to prosperity为因果关系。故选B项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：《英语的下一步》一书的作者大卫•格塔德尔表示，人们很容易把英语的故事简单地看作是北美、英国、爱尔兰和澳大利亚的母语人士的胜利——但这将是错误的。A. mistake错误；B. success成功；C. challenge挑战；D. competition竞争。根据设空处句首的but，可知此句与前面的陈述是相对立的，且后一句“Global English has entered a more complex stage, changing in ways that the English-speaking countries cannot control and might 4 . (全球英语已经进入了一个更加复杂的阶段，以英语国家无法控制，且可能不喜欢的方式发生着变化)”，英语不在单纯属于its native speakers in North America, Britain and Ireland, and Australia，所以可推断：前面的观点是错误的（mistake）。故选A项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：全球英语已经进入了一个更加复杂的阶段，以英语国家无法控制，且可能不喜欢的方式发生着变化。A. forget忘记；B. undergo经历；C. justify是……的正当理由；D. dislike不喜欢。根据第一段“Some experts estimate that 1.5 billion people—around one-quarter of the world’s population—can communicate reasonably well in English. (一些专家估计，有15亿人，大约占世界人口的四分之一，可以相当好地用英语进行交流)”，以及第四段第一句“An important question one might ask is: whose English will it be in the future? (人们可能会问一个重要的问题：未来会是谁的英语？)”，可知：英语国家对于英语的发展已经无法控制，未来是谁的英语，不再有英语国家做主，这个变化的方式令英语国家不喜欢（dislike），故选D项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，非英语母语者的人数已经超过了英语为母语者的三倍。A. understand理解；B. envy羡慕；C. outnumber数目超过，比……多；D. overload过载。根据前一句“An important question one might ask is: whose English will it be in the future (人们可能会问一个重要的问题：未来会是谁的英语？)”可推测，非英语母语人士的人数超过了英语母语人士的，导致英语国家对英语的发展无法控制，短语A outnumber B by three to one，意为“A的数量是B的三倍”。故选C项。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，大多数英语体验都发生在非英语母语人士之间。A. encounters经历，体验；B. instructions指示；C. negotiations谈判，协商；D. treatments治疗。根据第二段“Never in recorded history has a language been as 1 spoken as English is today. The reason why millions are learning it is simple: it is the language of international business and 2 , the key to prosperity. (在有记录的历史上，从来没有一种语言像今天的英语这样被广泛使用。数百万人学习英语的原因很简单：英语是国际商业语言，因此也是走向繁荣的关键。)”可知，英语是国际商业语言，非英语母语人士有经常要用英语交流的经历（encounters）。故选A项。
37．考查副词词义辨析。句意：据David Graddol说，许多用英语举行的商务会议在没有英语为母语人士在场的情况下会进行得更顺利。A. roughly粗略地；B. slowly缓慢地；C. swiftly迅速地；D. smoothly平稳地。根据下一句“This is because native speakers are often 8 at ensuring that they are understood in international discussions. (这是因为在国际讨论中，以英语为母语的人往往不善于确保自己被理解)”可推断，英语母语人士说的英语不能被非英语母语人士理解，会影响会议节奏，没有英语为母语 人士的情况下，与会人士都能听懂对方的英语，会议反而更顺利（smoothly）。故选D项。
38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是因为在国际讨论中，以英语为母语的人往往不善于确保自己的语言被理解。A. poor不擅长的；B. angry生气的；C. clever聪明的；D. skillful熟练的。根据后一句“They tend to think they need to avoid longer Latin-based words, but in fact 9 problems are more often caused by their use of idioms, metaphors, and phrasal verbs. On one occasion, at an international student conference in Amsterdan, conducted in English, the only British representative was asked to be ‘less 10 ’ so that the others could understand her. (他们倾向于认为他们需要避免使用更长的拉丁语单词，但事实上，理解问题往往是由于他们使用成语、隐喻和动词短语造成的。有一次，在阿姆斯特丹用英语举行的国际学生会议上，唯一的英国代表被要求‘少说点英语’，以便其他人能听懂她的话)”可推知，英语母语人士在表达方式上的问题，使非英语母语人士费解，甚至还被要求少说英语，可见其非常不擅长把自己的意思表述清楚，be poor at...，意为“不擅长于……”。故选A项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们倾向于认为他们需要避免使用更长的拉丁语单词，但事实上，理解问题往往是由于他们使用成语、隐喻和动词短语造成的。A. equipment设备；B. economy经济；C. comprehension理解力；D. culture文化。根据语境，英语母语人士使用成语、隐喻和动词短语，导致非英语母语人士听不明白，因此出现理解问题。故选C项。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一次，在阿姆斯特丹用英语举行的国际学生会议上，唯一的英国代表被要求“少说点英语”，以便其他人能听懂她的话。A. visible 看得见的；B. considerate体贴的；C. English英文的；D. foreign外国的。根据上文“According to David Graddol, many business meetings held in English appear to run more 7 when there are no native English speakerspresent. (据David Graddol说，许多用英语举行的商务会议在没有英语母语人士在场的情况下会进行得更顺利)”可推知，在有英语母语人士的情况下，请这位代表少开口，也能使会议顺利完成。故选C项。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：维也纳大学的英语教授芭芭拉·塞德霍弗教授录制了世界各地该语言使用者之间的英语口语互动。A. grammar语法；B. interactions互动，交流；C. courses课程；D. vocabulary词汇。根据设空处前的records spoken English，及可知录制的内容为人与人之间进行口语的交流，interactions符合语境。故选B项。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说她的团队已经注意到，非英语母语人士在好几个方面都在改变标准英语语法。A. studying学习；B. explaining解释；C. checking检查；D. varying使……变化。根据后面的例子“Even the most experienced speakers sometimes omit the ‘s’ in the third person singular. Many omit definite and indefinite articles where they are 13 in standard English, or put them in where standard English does not use them. Nouns that are not plural in native-speaker English are used as plurals by non-native speakers (e.g., ‘informations’, ‘knowledges’ , ‘advices’ ). Other variations include ‘make a discussion’ , ‘discuss about something’ , or ‘phone to somebody’.(即使是最有经验的演讲者有时也会省略第三人称单数中的‘s’。许多人在标准英语中需要定冠词和不定冠词的地方省略了它们，或者把它们放在标准英语中不用的地方。在英语母语者中不是复数的名词被非英语母语者用作复数（例如， informations，knowledges，advices）。其他的变体包括make a discussion、discuss about something或phone to someone)”可见，非英语母语人士使英语语法有了很多改变。故选D项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人在标准英语中需要定冠词和不定冠词的地方省略了它们，或者把它们放在标准英语中不用的地方。A. required要求；B. deleted删除；C. judged裁决；D. stressed强调。根据上一句“She says her team has noticed that non-native speakers are 12 standard English grammar in several ways (她说她的团队已经注意到，非英语母语人士在好几个方面都在改变标准英语语法。)”，根据句中的omit可知，非英语母语人士改变了冠词用法，把冠词给省略了，因此在标准英语中是要求（required）用冠词的。故选A项。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Knowledges和phone to somebody是完全错误的。A. harmful有害的；B. impolite不礼貌的；C. wrong错的；D. illogical不合逻辑的。根据上一段倒数第二句“Nouns that are not plural in native-speaker English are used as plurals by non-native speakers (eg, ‘informations’, ‘knowledges’, ‘advices’). (在英语母语者中不是复数的名词，被非母语人士用作复数，如：informations，knowledges，advices)”，以及本段第一句“Many native English speakers will insist that these are not variations, they are mistakes. (许多以英语为母语的人会坚持认为这些不是变体，而是错误的)”可知，Knowledges和phone to somebody这两个表达法都是错的（wrong）。故选C项。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是语言在变化，语法正确性的观念也在变化。A. phenomenon现象；B. research研究；C. structure 结构；D. correctness正确性。倒数第二段中“She says her team has noticed that non-native speakers are 12 standard English grammar in several ways. (她说她的团队已经注意到，非英语母语人士在好几个方面都在改变标准英语语法。)”，以及第三段最后一句“Global English has entered a more complex stage, changing in ways that the English-speaking countries cannot control and might 4 . (全球英语已经进入了一个更加复杂的阶段，以英语国家无法控制，且可能不喜欢的方式发生着变化。)”可推知，随着全球英语的变化发展，现在非英语母语人士说的被认为是错误的英语表达法，可能以后会被接受，使它们能合理存在，也变成正确的表述，故推知：语法正确性（correctness）的观念也在变化。故选D项。
46．A 47．C 48．D 49．D
【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文用幽默的语调主要讲述了作者即将出门，嘱托李照顾我的"孩子"--即我的宠物们，交代了Lee一些注意事项，以及表达对他的感谢。
46．推理判断题。本文讲述了作者离开家，感谢李对作者的"孩子"即宠物的照顾，可以看出我是用健谈的和幽默的语调写这封信的，故选A。
47．细节理解题。根据第一段的Remember that Regina （the"queen"in Latin，and she acts like one） is teething； including her sister，the cat；Beagles are notorious overeaters；可知作者提到了三种动物，一个未说明种类，一只猫和一条猎犬，故选C。
48．推理判断题。根据第一段中的句子Remember that Regina （the"queen"in Latin，and she acts like one） is teething．可知Regina是拉丁文中女王的意思，因此Rex最有可能是拉丁文，故选D。
49．推理判断题。根据文章最后的内容She'd rather play tug of war with it．Tell her，"Sit!"Then，when she does，say，"Drop it!"Be sure to tell her"good girl"，可知当Regina将球放下的时候对她说好女孩，故选D。
50．D 51．A 52．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了在亚马逊排行榜中本周销量和阅读量最高的五本书。
50．细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“In this spectacular father/son collaboration, Stephen King and Owen King tell the ‘highest of high-stakes stories: What might happen if women disappeared from the world of men?’(在这场壮观的父子合作中，Stephen King和Owen King讲述了‘最高风险的故事：如果女人从男人的世界消失了，会发生什么？’)”可知Sleeping Beauties是合著的，故选D。
51．细节理解题。文章No．1部分讲到“It--Now a major film BY STEPHEN KING(It现在是斯蒂芬金的一部重要电影)”以及No．3部分讲到“A Game of Thrones—NOW THE ACCLAIMED HBO SERIES GAME OF THRONES BY GEORGE R.R. MARTIN (《权力的游戏》现在是著名的HBO电视剧《权力的游戏》，作者是GEORGE R.R. MARTIN)”可和知It 和A Game of Thrones这两本书现在被改编成电视或电影，故选A。
52．细节理解题。文章It-Now a major film BY STEPHEN KING部分“Stephen King’s terrifying, classic #1 New York Times bestseller, ‘a landmark in American literature’ (Chicago Sun-Times)-about seven adults who return to their hometown to fight a nightmare they had first been troubled with as teenagers — an evil without a name: it.( Stephen King的恐怖经典畅销书在《纽约时报》排名第一，‘美国文学的里程碑’(《芝加哥太阳时报》)讲述了七个成年人回到家乡，与他们十几岁时第一次遇到的噩梦作斗争的故事—一个没有名字的邪恶：它。)”可知，“It”描述了一个可怕的故事，故事发生在Stephen King的读者熟悉的地方，故选C。
53．B 54．D 55．B 56．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了海明威《老人与海》的片段，老人和黑人比赛的情节。
53．推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“he had played the hand game with the great negro from Cienfuegos who was the strongest man on the docks. (他和Cienfuegos的强大的黑人玩过扳手腕，后者是码头上最强壮的人)”可知，和老人进行比赛的黑人是码头上最强壮的。在下文中，作者介绍了老人和黑人比赛的过程和结果：老人通过努力，打败了黑人。由此推知，第二段对黑人对手进行更多的描述是为了反衬出老人的强壮和坚定。故选B。
54．词义猜测题。划线单词下文“forced the hand of the negro down and down until it rested on the wood. (用力将黑人的手往下压，直到它停在木头上)”可推知要将黑人的手压下去必须释放全部力气，因此带下划线单词的意思是：“释放”，故选D。
55．细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“But not much money was bet and he had won it quite easily since he had broken the confidence of the negro from Cienfuegos in the first match. (但赌注不多，他很容易就赢了，因为他在第一场比赛中就打破了西恩富戈斯黑人的信心。)”可知根据文章，这位老人对黑人的胜利更多地归功于他的意志，而不是他的力量，故选B。
56．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“there had been a return match in the spring. But not much money was bet and he had won it quite easily since he had broken the confidence of the negro from Cienfuegos in the first match. (并在春季举行了一次回归赛。但赌注不多，他很容易就赢了，因为他在第一场比赛中就打破了西恩富戈斯黑人的信心。)”以及“He decided that he could beat anyone if he wanted to badly enough (他决定，如果他非常想打败任何人，他都可以打败任何人。)”可知，从整篇文章中可以推断出这位老人在比赛中用他的意志力不止一次击败了那个黑人。故选A。
57．F 58．D 59．B 60．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为什么冒险者喜欢极限运动的原因。
57．F选项“根据科罗拉多大学医学院的一项研究，76%的翼装者经历过死里逃生。”承接上文第一段“She must position her body just so for her wingsuit (滑翔服) to fill with air. Then, she must open her parachute (降落伞) at precisely the right moment and nail her landing, often within the span of 60 seconds. (她必须调整身体的位置，使她的翼服充满空气。然后，她必须在正确的时刻打开降落伞，并在60秒内完成着陆)”讲翼装者飞行经历，F选项用科学数据引出下文“In the face of such fatal consequences, why are some people still drawn to risky attempts? (面对如此致命的后果，为什么有些人仍然被冒险的尝试所吸引？)”翼装飞行可能带来的致命后果。故选F项。
58．由上文第三段“Even before we are born, our appetite for risk may be mapped out in our DNA. (甚至在我们出生之前，我们对风险的偏好就可能在我们的DNA中被描绘出来)”可知，有科学家认为喜欢冒险的性格早被基因决定了，呼应上文第二段“The answer may lie in a complex mix of genetic, environmental and psychological factors. (答案可能在于基因、环境和心理因素的复杂组合)”，可得出性格会受到多种因素的影响（不仅限于基因），D选项“然而，大多数科学家都认为性格是环境和基因影响的复杂组合。”与上文第三段形成转折关系，讲述影响影响性格的多种因素。故选D项。
59．B选项“他们寻求极限运动作为一种真实感受的方式。”与上文“In his view, those who take part in high-risk sports often have difficulty experiencing emotions, a condition called alexithymia. (在他看来，那些参加高风险运动的人往往难以体验情绪，这种情况被称为述情障碍)”是因果关系，因为有些人难以体验情绪，所以寻求极限运动来感受情绪。故选B项。
60．结合上文用科学研究解释为什么冒险者喜欢极限运动的原因，A选项“现在，研究表明他们是对的。”和下文“What people get from extreme sports is deeply transformational—a sense of connecting with a deep sense of self and being authentic, a powerful relationship with the natural world, a sense of freedom. They get a strong sense of living life to its fullest as if touching their full potential. (人们从极限运动中获得的是深刻的转变——一种与深刻的自我感和真实感相联系的感觉，一种与自然世界的强大关系，一种自由感。他们有一种强烈的充分生活的感觉，仿佛充分发挥了自己的潜力)”肯定了上文“For years, professional skiers, BASE jumpers, and climbers have argued that they are not reckless (鲁莽的). (多年来，专业滑雪者、跳伞运动员和登山者一直认为他们并不鲁莽)”所讲的冒险者喜欢极限运动是对的的这个事实。故选A项。
61．Although we are on different continents, we are to a large extent living the same lives.
【详解】考查状语从句和固定短语。although引导让步状语从句，表示“我们生活在不同的大洲”翻译为we are on different continents；表示“在很大程度上”短语为to a large extent；表示“我们过着相同的日子”翻译为we are living the same lives，为现在进行时。故翻译为Although we are on different continents, we are to a large extent living the same lives.
62．All the athletes of this competition, ranging in age from 20 to 35, desire to win the championship.
【详解】考查时态、动词短语。陈述客观事实，谓语动词用一般现在时；“本次比赛的运动员”表达为the athletes of this competition，作主语；“渴望夺冠”表达为动词短语desire to win the championship；“年龄从20岁到35岁不等”用range表达，range in age from 20 to 35，range与逻辑主语athletes之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：All the athletes of this competition, ranging in age from 20 to 35, desire to win the championship.
63．Although we have tried our best, to a great extent the result depends on luck and timing.
【详解】考查让步状语从句、动词短语、介词短语和名词短语。表示“尽力”应用动词短语try one’s best; Although尽管引导让步状语从句，根据句意应使用现在完成时：Although we have tried our best;表示“很大程度上”应用介词短语to a great extent;表示“运气和时机”的名词短语为luck and timing;作动词的宾语；表示“取决于”的动词短语为depend on; 根据句意可知主句应使用一般现在时。故翻译为Although we have tried our best, to a great extent the result depends on luck and timing.。
64．Starting next spring, the local government targets to introduce free lunches to public schools in the community.
【详解】考查动词时态和非谓语动词。根据所给中文提示词可知，“从明年春天开始”应在句中作时间状语，所以开始译为“start”应用非谓语形式，此处应用现在分词形式，故译为“starting next spring”，主句中主语是“当地政府”译为“the local government”，谓语根据题干要求，需用target，此处表示现有的状态，用一般现在时，宾语是“推出免费午餐”，连同谓语译为“targets to introduce free lunches”，“面向社区内的公立学校”作状语译为“to public schools in the community”。故译为：Starting next spring, the local government targets to introduce free lunches to public schools in the community.
65．Due to the huge impact of globalization, some languages have spread to all parts of the world, while others have been extinct.
【详解】考查时态、并列连词、形容词和短语。“由于”用短语due to表达，“全球化”用名词globalization表达，“全球化的巨大影响”表达为名词短语the huge impact of globalization，“由于全球化的巨大影响”表达为due to the huge impact of globalization，在句中作原因状语；“一些语言”用名词短语some languages表达，“另一些语言”用代词others表达；“传播”用动词spread表达，在句中作谓语动词，“传播至世界各地”表达为spread to all parts of the world；“消亡”用形容词extinct表达，在句中作表语；句意分析可知，此句应用现在完成时，此句可表达为由并列连词while“而”连接的并列句；故此句可翻译为：Due to the huge impact of globalization, some languages have spread to all parts of the world, while others have been extinct.
66．Living in a world without cultural differences is frustrating, so what we should celebrate is not human similarity but diversity.
【详解】考查动名词、主语从句、动词、形容词以及名词。表示“生活在没有文化差异的世界”应用动词短语live in a world without cultural differences，用作主语，应使用动名词形式；表示“令人沮丧的”形容词为frustrating；表示“颂扬”动词为celebrate, what we should celebrate用作主语从句；“不是人类的相似性而是多样性”应使用名词短语not human similarity but diversity,根据句意可知本句应使用一般现在时。故翻译为Living in a world without cultural differences is frustrating, so what we should celebrate is not human similarity but diversity.
2022-2023学年高一下期中必考题精准练
专题10： 2022-2023学年高一下期中考试模拟试题（三）
一、单项选择
1．They insist that a computer does only what thinking humans have planned ______ .
A．to have it do B．to have it done
C．having it done D．to have done it
2．__________ in thought while looking at the picture, she didn’t hear the knock at the door.
A．Losing B．Lost C．To lose D．To be lost
3．Most women identified at least one trusted friends __________ they could turn in a trouble moment.
A．off which B．on which C．to whom D．up whom
4．Mary’s eyes became weak with old age __________ she did simply not see the red light.
A．as long as B．even though C．in case D．so that
5．The children at the Medical Care Centre were so friendly that it was __________ to interact with them than we had expected.
A．easy B．much easier C．less easier D．the easiest
6．So bold were the Chinese-American architect IM Pei’s designs that they were often regarded as controversial, ______ to shock the public.
A．intended B．intending C．having intended D．to be intended
7．No British Christmas dinner is complete without the iconic Christmas pudding, ______ the meal, at the very end of the meal.
A．to serve B．serving C．served D．being served
8．______ halfway through our exercise, the teacher changed her mind and collected all our papers.
A．When being B．When we were C．Since we were D．Having been
9．A survey finds that those with college degrees are almost _________ those with no more than a high school education to spend time playing sports.
A．twice as likely as B．twice likely as C．likely twice as D．likely as twice as
10．Students are better judges than anyone else when it comes to _________ is a qualified teacher among the staff.
A．anyone B．whoever C．whomever D．who
二、语篇语法填空
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
What makes us afraid?
What are the things that scare you: snakes, spiders or creepy crawlies? Or maybe you have a fear of heights or ___11___ (visit) the dentist. Although some of us just get scared or a bit nervous about these things, for others it can cause an irrational (不理智的) reaction that can’t be controlled—something we call a phobia. It occurs ___12___ someone develops an exaggerated or unrealistic sense of danger about a situation or object.
Sometimes it’s good to be aware of the possible dangers from things. Our brain alerts us to the risks that ___13___ lie ahead, but then we often rationalise (合理地解释) the risks and overcome them. Clinical psychologist Warren Mansell told the BBC: “Our fears are hard-wired into our brains—we don’t need to learn to be afraid of animals like snakes or spiders.” But phobias are stronger than just fears. Warren says: “An area called the amygdala in the brain is recognising a threat and preparing your body ___14___ fight or flight.” With a phobia, your breathing gets quicker, your pulse speeds up, you sweat, there’s more glucose in your blood, increasing your energy, and your brain is unable to control these reactions.
But where does a phobia come from? Speaking to the BBC, Lauren Rosenberg, a fear and phobia expert, says: “Phobias usually are a copy behaviour from a ___15___ (high) authority, like a parent or teacher, or something you ___16___ (learn) from your own experience.” Or a trauma (心理创伤) from a past event ___17___ comes back to haunt you.
There are many different complex phobias some people suffer from, such as agoraphobia—___18___ (trigger) by being away from home, social anxiety disorder—feeling anxious in social situations, and iatrophobia—fear of doctors. But how can they be overcome? Cognitive behavioural therapy is one choice, where you gradually get used to ___19___ it is you fear. Lauren Rosenburg says she likes to work with people to clear their subconscious memory and help them breathe. But if you do have a phobia, continually trying ____20____ (avoid) what you’re afraid of is likely to make the situation worse, so it’s a good idea to find help to overcome it.
三、词汇填空
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．consequence B．Similarly C．describes D．address E. recall F. associated
G. nonessential H. convenient I. addiction J. Obviously K. balance
Digital dementia—Smart devices don’t necessarily help people act smart
When was the last time that you dialed a phone number from memory? It probably depends on how long you have been using technology like a cellphone. While some generations can ____21____ the days of memorizing phone numbers, it’s possible that members of Generation Z have never had to remember a single contact. Why is this? Because smartphones offer quick and ____22____ ways for storing and accessing information. There is no need to memorize anything. But this isn’t without ____23____. As digital devices develop more and more, user’s heavy reliance on them may be having bad effects. “Digital dementia (痴呆症)” is the term being used by medical professionals to identify some of these effects.
Some professionals like Jim Kwik, an expert in memory improvement are taking a closer look at this effect. Kwik ____24____ digital dementia like this; “we depend so much on our smartphones that they are making us stupid.” As medical studies show the decline in memory and cognitive (认知的) skills among smartphone user, a connection is made between symptoms ____25____ with dementia.
The seriousness of overuse becomes apparent when you consider just how young smartphone users are becoming. The overstimulation of screens and sounds can lead to ____26____. So now parents , teachers and managers are asking how to handle the influx (涌现) of young people with this kind of addiction
____27____, smartphones aren’t all bad. They’re incredibly convenient, and the connectivity they create cannot be taken for granted. The key is figuring out how to strike a ____28____ between usage and no—use. Here are a few ways people can try to ____29____ cellphone addiction and fight against digital dementia.
First, monitor your cellphone use. Cut back on any ______30______ usage. Set a specific goal of how much you think you should use your phone.
Second, determine designated (指定的) areas for cellphone use. For example, while you are at home, only allow yourself to check your phone somewhere like a home office. This way, the time in between tasks isn’t automatically filled with staring at your screen.
四、完形填空
How many people can speak English? Some experts estimate that 1.5 billion people—around one-quarter of the world’s population—can communicate reasonably well in English.
Never in recorded history has a language been as __31__ spoken as English is today. The reason why millions are learning it is simple: it is the language of international business and __32__, the key to prosperity. It is not just that multinational companies conduct their business in English; it is the language in which Germans speak to Indonesians.
David Graddol, the author of English Next, says it is tempting to view the story of English simply as a victory for is native speakers in North America, Britain and Ireland, and Australia—but that would be a __33__ . Global English has entered a more complex stage, changing in ways that the English-speaking countries cannot control and might __34__ .
An important question one might ask is: whose English will it be in the future? Non-native speakers now __35__ native English speakers by three to one. The majority of __36__ in English today take place between non-native speakers. According to David Graddol, many business meetings held in English appear to run more __37__ when there are no native English speakers present. This is because native speakers are often __38__ at ensuring that they are understood in international discussions. They tend to think they need to avoid longer Latin-based words, but in fact __39__ problems are more often caused by their use of idioms, metaphors, and phrasal verbs. On one occasion, at an international student conference in Amsterdan, conducted in English, the only British representative was asked to be “less __40__ ” so that the others could understand her.
Professor Barbara Seidlhofer, Professor of English at the University of Vienna, records spoken English __41__ between speakers of the language around the world. She says her team has noticed that non-native speakers are __42__ standard English grammar in several ways. Even the most experienced speakers sometimes omit the “s” in the third person singular. Many omit definite and indefinite articles where they are __43__ in standard English, or put them in where standard English does not use them. Nouns that are not plural in native-speaker English are used as plurals by non-native speakers (e.g., “informations”, “knowledges”, “advices” ). Other variations include “make a discussion”, “discuss about something”, or “phone to somebody”.
Many native English speakers will insist that these are not variations, they are mistakes. “Knowledges” and “phone to somebody” are simply __44__ . Many non-native speakers who teach English around the world would agree. But language changes, and so do ideas of grammatical __45__.
31．A．well B．widely C．fully D．regularly
32．A．besides B．therefore C．otherwise D．however
33．A．mistake B．success C．challenge D．competition
34．A．forget B．undergo C．justify D．dislike
35．A．understand B．envy C．outnumber D．overload
36．A．encounters B．instructions C．negotiation. D．treatments
37．A．roughly B．slowly C．swiftly D．smoothly
38．A．poor B．angry C．clever D．skillful
39．A．equipment B．economy C．comprehension D．culture
40．A．visible B．considerate C．English D．foreign
41．A．grammar B．interaction C．courses D．vocabulary
42．A．studying B．explaining C．checking D．varying
43．A．required B．deleted C．judged D．stressed
44．A．harmful B．impolite C．wrong D．illogical
45．A．phenomenon B．research C．structure D．correctness
五、阅读理解
A
Dear Lee,
As I told you, I’ll be gone until Wednesday morning. Thank you so much for taking on my “children” while I’m away. Like real children, they can be kind of irritating sometimes, but I’m going to enjoy myself so much more knowing they’re getting some kind human attention. Remember that Regina (the “queen” in Latin, and she acts like one) is teething. If you don’t watch her, she’ll chew anything, including her sister, the cat. There are plenty of chew toys around the house. Whenever she starts gnawing on anything illegal, just divert her with one of those. She generally settles right down to a good hour-long chew. Then you’ll see her wandering around whimpering with the remains of the toy in her mouth. She gets really frustrated because what she wants is to bury the thing. She’ll try to dig a hole between the cushions of the couch. Finding that unsatisfactory, she’ll wander some more, discontent, until you solve her problem for her. I usually show her the laundry basket, moving a few clothes so she can bury her toy beneath them. I do sound like a parent, don’t I? You have to understand, my own son is practically grown up.
Regina’s food is the Puppy Chow in the utility room, where the other pet food is stored. Give her a bowl once in the morning and once in the evening. No more than that, no matter how much she begs. Beagles(猎犬) are notorious overeaters, according to her breeder, and I don’t want her to lose her girlish figure. She can share Rex (the King’s) water, but be sure it’s changed daily. She needs to go out several times a day, especially last thing at night and first thing in the morning. Let her stay out for about ten minutes each time, so she can do all her business. She also needs a walk in the afternoon, after which it’s important to romp with her for awhile in the yard. The game she loves most is fetch, but be sure to make her drop the ball. She’d rather play tug of war with it. Tell her, “Sit!” Then, when she does, say, “Drop it!” Be sure to tell her “good girl,” and then throw the ball for her. I hope you’ll enjoy these sessions as much as I do.
Now, for the other two, Rex and Paws… (letter continues)
46．The tone of this letter is best described as _____.
A．chatty and humorous B．logical and precise
C．confident and trusting D．humble and preachy
47．The information in the note is sufficient to determine that there are three animals. They are _____.
A．two cats and a dog B．three dogs
C．a dog, a cat, and an unspecified animal D．a cat, a dog, and a parrot
48．From the context of the note, it is most likely that the name “Rex” is _____.
A．Spanish B．English
C．French D．Latin
49．If the sitter is to follow the owner’s directions in playing fetch with Regina, at what point will he or she tell Regina “good girl”?
A．Every time Regina goes after the ball. B．After Regina finds the ball.
C．When Regina brings the ball back. D．After Regina drops the ball.
B
Amazon Charts
The Top Five Most Sold & Most Read Books of the Week
No.1
It--Now a major film BY STEPHEN KING
Stephen King’s terrifying, classic #1 New York Times bestseller, “a landmark in American literature” (Chicago Sun-Times)-about seven adults who return to their hometown to fight a nightmare they had first been troubled with as teenagers - an evil without a name: it.
Readers of Stephen King know that Derry, Maine, is a place with a deep, dark hold on the author. It reappears in many of his books, including Bag of Bones, Hearts in Atlantis and 11/22/63. But it all starts with It.
No.2
A Column of Fire—#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER BY KENFOLLETT
In 1558, the ancient stones of Kingsbridge Cathedral looked down on a city split by religious conflict. As power in England shifted dangerously between Catholics and Protestants, royalty and commoners clashed, testing friendship, loyalty and love...
No.3
A Game of Thrones—NOW THE ACCLAIMED HBO SERIES GAME OF THRONES BY GEORGE R.R. MARTIN
From a master of contemporary fantasy comes the first novel of a landmark series unlike any you’ve ever read before. With A Game of Thrones, George R. R. Martin has launched a genuine masterpiece, bringing together the best the genre has to offer. Mystery, intrigue, romance and adventure fill the pages of this magnificent saga, the first volume in an epic series sure to delight fantasy fans everywhere.
No.4
The Cuban Affair-INSTANT #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER BY NELSON DEMILLE
Brilliantly written with his signature humor and real experience from his research trip to Cuba... Nelson DeMille is a true master of genre.
No.5
Sleeping Beauties
BY OWEN KING, STEPHEN KING
In this spectacular father/son collaboration, Stephen King and Owen King tell the “highest of high-stakes stories: What might happen if women disappeared from the world of men?”
In a future so real and near that it might be now, something happens when women go to sleep. And while they sleep, they go to another place, a better place, where harmony prevails and conflict is rare...
50．According to the article, which book is co-authored?
A．It. B．A Game of Thrones.
C．The Cuban Affair. D．Sleeping Beauties.
51．According to the passage, which books have been adapted for television or the big screen?
A．It and A Game of Thrones.
B．A Column of Fire and The Cuban Affair.
C．A Game of Thrones and Sleeping Beauties.
D．Sleeping Beauties and A Column of Fire.
52．According to the article, which of the following statements is true?
A．The Cuban Affair is a novel written with a serious tone.
B．The story in A Column of Fire is set in a modern European country.
C． “It” describes a frightening story set in a location familiar to the readers of Stephen King.
D．The author of A Game of Thrones has also written other books, including Bags of Bones.
C
As the sun set he remembered, to give himself more confidence, the time in the tavern at Casablanca when he had played the hand game with the great negro from Cienfuegos who was the strongest man on the docks. They had gone one day and one night with their elbows on a chalk line on the table and their forearms straight up and their hands gripped tight. Each one was trying to force the other’s hand down onto the table. There was much betting and people went in and out of the room under the kerosene lights and he had looked at the arm and hand of the negro and at the negro’s face. They changed the referees every four hours after the first eight so that the referees could sleep. Blood came out from under the fingernails of both his and the negro’s hands and they looked each other in the eye and at their hands and forearms and the bettors went in and out of the room and sat on high chairs against the wall and watched. The walls were painted bright blue and were of wood and the lamps threw their shadows against them. The negro’s shadow was huge and it moved on the wall as the breeze moved the lamps.
The odds would change back and forth all night and they fed the negro rum and lighted cigarettes for him. Then the negro, after the rum, would try for a tremendous effort and once he had the old man, who was not an old man then but was Santiago El Campeon, nearly three inches off balance. But the old man had raised his hand up to dead even again. He was sure then that he had the negro, who was a fine man and a great athlete, beaten. And at daylight when the bettors were asking that it be called a draw and the referee was shaking his head, he had unleashed his effort and forced the hand of the negro down and down until it rested on the wood. The match had started on a Sunday morning and ended on a Monday morning.
Many of the bettors had asked for a draw because they had to go to work on the docks loading sacks of sugar or at the Havana Coal Company.
Otherwise everyone would have wanted it to go to a finish. But he had finished it anyway and before anyone had to go to work.
For a long time after that everyone had called him The Champion and there had been a return match in the spring. But not much money was bet and he had won it quite easily since he had broken the confidence of the negro from Cienfuegos in the first match. After that he had a few matches and then no more. He decided that he could beat anyone if he wanted to badly enough and he decided that it was bad for his right hand for fishing. He had tried a few practice matches with his left hand. But his left hand had always been a traitor and would not do what he called on it to do and he did not trust it.
Quoted from The Old Man and the Sea
53．Since the old man is the main character, in the hand game, why does Hemingway put more efforts in describing his opponent the negro?
A．Because Hemingway himself is an anti-racist who wants to support the colored race.
B．By doing so, he indirectly shows how strong and determined the old man is to readers.
C．He shifts readers’ attention to a new character to neutralize the nervous atmosphere.
D．There is no need to describe the old man because he is well-known to all readers.
54．What does the underlined word “unleashed” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．spare B．restrict C．reduce D．loose
55．Which of the followings is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Many bettors were afraid of losing their money so they wanted to call the game a draw.
B．The old man had owed his victory over the negro more to his will than to his strength.
C．The referee had been convinced by the bettors that the game be considered a draw
D．Regular hand games should be a good practice to enhance the old man’s fishing skills
56．What can be inferred from the whole passage?
A．The old man defeated the negro more than once in the matches with his will power
B．Many workers working on the docks had showed no respect towards the old man.
C．The old man had to self-feed himself a lot so as to stay competitive in the game.
D．The negro was not as strong and athletic as the old man had expected him to be.
六、六选四
What Makes Risk-Takers Tempt Fate?
A．Now, research suggests that they are right.
B．They seek out extreme sports as a way to actually feel.
C．Extreme sports such as wingsuiting are gaining popularity.
D．However, most scientists agree that personality is a complex mix of environmental and genetic influences.
E．They are actually extremely well-prepared athletes with high levels of self-awareness and a deep knowledge of the environment.
F．According to a study by the University of Colorado School of Medicine, 76 percent of wingsuiters have experienced a close call.
Moments before throwing herself off a thousand-foot cliff, Steph Davis feels a surge of fear and excitement. As she pushes away from the edge, these mixed feelings give way to an intense rush, then deep focus. She must position her body just so for her wingsuit (滑翔服) to fill with air. Then, she must open her parachute (降落伞) at precisely the right moment and nail her landing, often within the span of 60 seconds.
_____57_____ In the face of such fatal consequences, why are some people still drawn to risky attempts? The answer may lie in a complex mix of genetic, environmental and psychological factors.
Even before we are born, our appetite for risk may be mapped out in our DNA．Cynthia Thomson’s study found that individuals who reported riskier behavior usually shared a similar genetic constitution (构成). Scientists believe that people with this genetic variant produce more dopamine receptors. “So they need to seek out intense situations to bring up their dopamine levels,” says Thomson.
_____58_____ Several studies have shown that risk-taking behavior is linked to the earliest bonds (关系) we form with our primary caretakers. Those with less secure attachments are more likely to engage in dangerous activities.
There is the common idea that extreme sports enthusiasts are chasing thrills. But Tim Woodman, a professor at the Bangor University in Wales, suggests that it is about something altogether different: emotion regulation. In his view, those who take part in high-risk sports often have difficulty experiencing emotions, a condition called alexithymia. _____59_____ “It’s rewarding because they’ve moved from a feeling of inadequacy to a sense of achievement,” says Woodman.
For years, professional skiers, BASE jumpers, and climbers have argued that they are not reckless (鲁莽的). _____60_____ What people get from extreme sports is deeply transformational—a sense of connecting with a deep sense of self and being authentic, a powerful relationship with the natural world, a sense of freedom. They get a strong sense of living life to its fullest as if touching their full potential.
七、汉译英
61．虽然我们生活在不同的大洲，但是我们在很大程度上来说过着相同的日子。(extent)
62．本次比赛的运动员，年龄从20岁到35岁不等，都渴望夺冠。(range)
63．尽管我们已经尽力了，但结果很大程度上取决于运气和时机。(extent)
64．从明年春天开始，当地政府计划面向社区内的公立学校，推出免费午餐。(target)
65．由于全球化的巨大影响，一些语言传播至世界各地，而另一些语言则已消亡。(extinct)
66．生活在没有文化差异的世界是令人沮丧的，因此我们应该颂扬的不是人类的相似性而是多样性。(celebrate)
参考答案：
1．A
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：他们坚持认为电脑只会做有思维的人类已经计划让它做的事情。分析句子可知，what引导宾语从句，在what引导的宾语从句中，thinking humans为主语，have planned为谓语，空格处表示“计划让它(电脑)做的事情”， plan to do sth. 计划做某事，have it do 其中it 代指computer, 引导词what做do 的宾语，故选A项。
2．B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她看着照片陷入沉思，没有听到敲门声。“didn’t hear”是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词， lost in thought是固定短语，意为“陷入沉思”，因此空格处用过去分词lost作状语，lose与逻辑主语she是被动关系。故选B。
3．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：多数女子会认定至少一个在处境困难时求助的可信赖的朋友。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词friends，turn to sb.“求助某人”，故先行词从句中作介词to的宾语，指人，用关系代词whom，故选C。
4．D
【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：玛丽的眼睛随着年龄的增长而变得虚弱，以至于她根本看不见红灯。A. as long as只要；B. even though即使；C. in case以防；D. so that以至于。根据“Mary’s eyes became weak with old age”可知，玛丽的眼睛因年老而变得虚弱，所以她根本看不见红灯，so that引导结果状语从句。故选D。
5．B
【详解】考查比较级。句意：医疗中心的孩子们非常友好，与他们交流比我们想象的要容易得多。由than可知，空格处用比较级，easy的比较级是easier，用much修饰，故选B。
6．A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：华裔美国建筑师贝聿铭的设计是如此大胆，以至于常常被认为是有争议的，意在震惊公众。设空处为非谓语动词，intend与逻辑主语they之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故选A项。
7．B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在餐末没有端上标志性的圣诞布丁是不完整的的英式圣诞晚餐。serve sth with sth意为“……配……一起上”，故serve the meal without sth，意为“上菜时没有配上……”，根据句意，在餐末没有端上标志性的圣诞布丁是不完整的的英式圣诞晚餐，设空处应用现在分词，作状语。故选B项。
8．B
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：当我们练习到一半时，老师改变了注意，把我们所有的卷子都收上去了。根据句子结构分析可知，此处为从句作状语，再结合句意可知，此处应用when引导时间状语从句，“到一半，中途”表达为be halfway，且根据后文的changed可知，应用一般过去时，故为when we were halfway。故选B。
9．A
【详解】考查倍数的表达。句意：一项调查发现，拥有大学学历的人花时间参加体育运动的可能性几乎是没有高中学历的人的两倍。表示倍数的句式：倍数+as + 原级+ as，结合选项，选项A符合题意。故选A。
10．D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：当涉及到谁是一名合格的教师时，学生比任何人都能做出更好的判断。to后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且表示“谁”。故选D项。
11．visiting 12．when 13．might 14．for 15．higher 16．have learnt##have learned 17．that##which 18．triggered 19．whatever 20．to avoid
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是恐惧症及克服恐惧症的方法。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：或者也许你有恐高症或者害怕去看牙医。分析句子可知，“of”为介词，故空格处应用动名词作宾语，“visit”的动名词形式为“visiting”。故填visiting。
12．考查时间状语从句。句意：当某人对某一情况或物体产生夸大或不切实际的危险感时，就会发生这种情况。分析句子可知，句子为时间状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，根据句意可知，应用“when”引导从句，意为“当……时”。故填when。
13．考查情态动词。句意：我们的大脑会提醒我们前方可能存在的风险，但我们通常会将这些风险合理化并加以克服。分析句子可知，句中指大脑会提醒我们前方“可能”存在的风险，空格处应用情态动词“might”，意为“可能”，表示的可能性较小。故填might。
14．考查固定短语。句意：沃伦说：“大脑中一个叫做杏仁核的区域正在识别威胁，并让你的身体做好战斗或逃跑的准备。”分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“prepare…for…”，意为“使……为……做好准备”，故空格处应用介词“for”。故填for。
15．考查形容词比较级。句意：恐惧症通常是一种来自更高权威的模仿行为，比如父母或老师，或者你从自己的经历中学到的东西。根据句中“like a parent or teacher”可知，“父母或老师”是我们生活中的更高权威，故空格处应用“high”的比较级“higher”，意为“更高的”，作定语。故填higher。
16．考查时态。句意：恐惧症通常是一种来自更高权威的模仿行为，比如父母或老师，或者你从自己的经历中学到的东西。根据句意可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示从过去到现在，我们从自己的经历中学到的东西，“you”和“have”连用，“learn”的过去分词为“learnt”或“learned”，故空格处应填“have learnt”或“have learned”。故填have learnt/have learned。
17．考查定语从句。句意：或是过去事件的心理创伤再次困扰着你。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“trauma”，指事物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“that”或“which”引导从句。故填that/which。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：有些人患有许多不同的复杂恐惧症，如因远离家而引发的公共场所恐惧症、在社交场合感到焦虑的社交焦虑症以及对医生的恐惧引发的医生恐惧症。分析句子可知，句中有系动词“are”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“agoraphobia”和“trigger”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“trigger”的过去分词“triggered”。故填triggered。
19．考查宾语从句。句意：认知行为疗法是一种选择，你可以逐渐习惯你所害怕的一切。分析句子可知，句子为宾语从句，空格处单词引导从句，从句中缺少表语，故应用“whatever”引导从句，意为“无论什么”。故填whatever。
20．考查固定短语。句意：但是，如果你确实有恐惧症，不断地尽力避免你害怕的东西可能会使情况变得更糟，所以寻找帮助来克服它是一个好主意。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“try to do sth.”，意为“尽力做某事”，为不定式作宾语，故空格处应用“to avoid”。故填to avoid。
21．E 22．H 23．A 24．C 25．F 26．I 27．J 28．K 29．D 30．G
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍智能设备不一定能帮助人们变得聪明并介绍人们可以尝试解决手机成瘾和对抗数字痴呆症的几种方法。
21．考查动词。句意：尽管某些代的人能够回想起他们记号码的日子，Generation Z（2001年以后的一代，也称网络时代）00后们很可能从来没有记过某人的联系方式。根据空格前的 can，这里填动词原形recall，意为“回忆”。故选E。
22．考查形容词。句意：因为智能手机为存储和访问信息提供了快速便捷的方式。分析句子成分可知，该空格填形容词convenient作定语，修饰后面的名词短语ways for storing and accessing information，意为“方便的”。故选H。
23．考查名词。句意：这个并不是没有后果的。该空格和前面带来的利处形成对比，空格前有without介词，后面填名词consequence作宾语，意为“结果”。故选A。
24．考查动词。句意：Kwik这样描述数字痴呆症；“我们如此依赖智能手机，以至于它们让我们变得愚蠢。”分析句子成分和意思可知，空格作谓语，意为“描述”。故选C。
25．考查动词。句意：医学研究表明记忆力和认知能力下降在智能手机用户中，与痴呆症相关的症状之间存在联系。分析句子成分和意思可知，这里考查associated with意为“与……有联系”。故选F。
26．考查名词。句意：过度刺激屏幕和声音会导致上瘾。根据后文“this kind of addiction”可知，这是在补充说明，lead to后面跟名词，所以填名词addicion作宾语，意为“上瘾”。故选I。
27．考查副词。句意：显而易见，智能手机不是全坏。前文讲电子产品的缺点，接下来说“smartphones aren’t all bad”可知，上下文是转折关系，空格处位于句首，后面句子成分完整，所以这里填副词Obviously，意为“显而易见”。故选J。
28．考查名词。句意：关键是弄清楚如何在使用和不使用之间找到一个平衡。分析成分可知，空格前有a，所以这里填可数名词单数形式balance，意为“平衡”。故选K。
29．考查动词。句意：以下是人们可以尝试解决手机成瘾和对抗数字痴呆症的几种方法。根据下文and可知，这里是并列关系，与电子痴呆作斗争，说明前面是人们用来摆脱手机上瘾的方法。所以这里填动词address，意为“处理”。故选D。
30．考查形容词。句意：减少任何没必要的使用时间。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里是要用形容词nonessential，修饰后面的名词usage，意为“没必要的”。故选G。
31．B 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．C 36．A 37．D 38．A 39．C 40．C 41．B 42．D 43．A 44．C 45．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。随着越来越多的非英语母语人士使用英语，全球英语已经进入了一个更加复杂的阶段，以英语国家无法控制甚至可能不喜欢的方式发生着变化，非母语的人在多个方面错误地使用英语语法，但是既然语言在改变，语法正确性的概念也可能会改变。
31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在有记录的历史上，从来没有一种语言像今天的英语这样被广泛使用。A. well好；B. widely广泛地；C. fully充分地；D. regularly定期地。根据第一段“Some experts estimate that 1.5 billion people—around one-quarter of the world’s population—can communicate reasonably well in English. (一些专家估计，有15亿人，大约占世界人口的四分之一，可以相当好地用英语进行交流)”可知，英语被广泛（widely）使用。故选B项。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：数百万人学习英语的原因很简单：英语是国际商业语言，因此也是走向繁荣的关键。A. besides而且；B. therefore因此；C. otherwise否则；D. however然而。根据上半句，英语是国际商务的语言，因此，英语也是生意繁荣事业成功的关键，前半句后后半句 (it is) the key to prosperity为因果关系。故选B项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：《英语的下一步》一书的作者大卫•格塔德尔表示，人们很容易把英语的故事简单地看作是北美、英国、爱尔兰和澳大利亚的母语人士的胜利——但这将是错误的。A. mistake错误；B. success成功；C. challenge挑战；D. competition竞争。根据设空处句首的but，可知此句与前面的陈述是相对立的，且后一句“Global English has entered a more complex stage, changing in ways that the English-speaking countries cannot control and might 4 . (全球英语已经进入了一个更加复杂的阶段，以英语国家无法控制，且可能不喜欢的方式发生着变化)”，英语不在单纯属于its native speakers in North America, Britain and Ireland, and Australia，所以可推断：前面的观点是错误的（mistake）。故选A项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：全球英语已经进入了一个更加复杂的阶段，以英语国家无法控制，且可能不喜欢的方式发生着变化。A. forget忘记；B. undergo经历；C. justify是……的正当理由；D. dislike不喜欢。根据第一段“Some experts estimate that 1.5 billion people—around one-quarter of the world’s population—can communicate reasonably well in English. (一些专家估计，有15亿人，大约占世界人口的四分之一，可以相当好地用英语进行交流)”，以及第四段第一句“An important question one might ask is: whose English will it be in the future? (人们可能会问一个重要的问题：未来会是谁的英语？)”，可知：英语国家对于英语的发展已经无法控制，未来是谁的英语，不再有英语国家做主，这个变化的方式令英语国家不喜欢（dislike），故选D项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，非英语母语者的人数已经超过了英语为母语者的三倍。A. understand理解；B. envy羡慕；C. outnumber数目超过，比……多；D. overload过载。根据前一句“An important question one might ask is: whose English will it be in the future (人们可能会问一个重要的问题：未来会是谁的英语？)”可推测，非英语母语人士的人数超过了英语母语人士的，导致英语国家对英语的发展无法控制，短语A outnumber B by three to one，意为“A的数量是B的三倍”。故选C项。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，大多数英语体验都发生在非英语母语人士之间。A. encounters经历，体验；B. instructions指示；C. negotiations谈判，协商；D. treatments治疗。根据第二段“Never in recorded history has a language been as 1 spoken as English is today. The reason why millions are learning it is simple: it is the language of international business and 2 , the key to prosperity. (在有记录的历史上，从来没有一种语言像今天的英语这样被广泛使用。数百万人学习英语的原因很简单：英语是国际商业语言，因此也是走向繁荣的关键。)”可知，英语是国际商业语言，非英语母语人士有经常要用英语交流的经历（encounters）。故选A项。
37．考查副词词义辨析。句意：据David Graddol说，许多用英语举行的商务会议在没有英语为母语人士在场的情况下会进行得更顺利。A. roughly粗略地；B. slowly缓慢地；C. swiftly迅速地；D. smoothly平稳地。根据下一句“This is because native speakers are often 8 at ensuring that they are understood in international discussions. (这是因为在国际讨论中，以英语为母语的人往往不善于确保自己被理解)”可推断，英语母语人士说的英语不能被非英语母语人士理解，会影响会议节奏，没有英语为母语 人士的情况下，与会人士都能听懂对方的英语，会议反而更顺利（smoothly）。故选D项。
38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是因为在国际讨论中，以英语为母语的人往往不善于确保自己的语言被理解。A. poor不擅长的；B. angry生气的；C. clever聪明的；D. skillful熟练的。根据后一句“They tend to think they need to avoid longer Latin-based words, but in fact 9 problems are more often caused by their use of idioms, metaphors, and phrasal verbs. On one occasion, at an international student conference in Amsterdan, conducted in English, the only British representative was asked to be ‘less 10 ’ so that the others could understand her. (他们倾向于认为他们需要避免使用更长的拉丁语单词，但事实上，理解问题往往是由于他们使用成语、隐喻和动词短语造成的。有一次，在阿姆斯特丹用英语举行的国际学生会议上，唯一的英国代表被要求‘少说点英语’，以便其他人能听懂她的话)”可推知，英语母语人士在表达方式上的问题，使非英语母语人士费解，甚至还被要求少说英语，可见其非常不擅长把自己的意思表述清楚，be poor at...，意为“不擅长于……”。故选A项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们倾向于认为他们需要避免使用更长的拉丁语单词，但事实上，理解问题往往是由于他们使用成语、隐喻和动词短语造成的。A. equipment设备；B. economy经济；C. comprehension理解力；D. culture文化。根据语境，英语母语人士使用成语、隐喻和动词短语，导致非英语母语人士听不明白，因此出现理解问题。故选C项。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一次，在阿姆斯特丹用英语举行的国际学生会议上，唯一的英国代表被要求“少说点英语”，以便其他人能听懂她的话。A. visible 看得见的；B. considerate体贴的；C. English英文的；D. foreign外国的。根据上文“According to David Graddol, many business meetings held in English appear to run more 7 when there are no native English speakerspresent. (据David Graddol说，许多用英语举行的商务会议在没有英语母语人士在场的情况下会进行得更顺利)”可推知，在有英语母语人士的情况下，请这位代表少开口，也能使会议顺利完成。故选C项。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：维也纳大学的英语教授芭芭拉·塞德霍弗教授录制了世界各地该语言使用者之间的英语口语互动。A. grammar语法；B. interactions互动，交流；C. courses课程；D. vocabulary词汇。根据设空处前的records spoken English，及可知录制的内容为人与人之间进行口语的交流，interactions符合语境。故选B项。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说她的团队已经注意到，非英语母语人士在好几个方面都在改变标准英语语法。A. studying学习；B. explaining解释；C. checking检查；D. varying使……变化。根据后面的例子“Even the most experienced speakers sometimes omit the ‘s’ in the third person singular. Many omit definite and indefinite articles where they are 13 in standard English, or put them in where standard English does not use them. Nouns that are not plural in native-speaker English are used as plurals by non-native speakers (e.g., ‘informations’, ‘knowledges’ , ‘advices’ ). Other variations include ‘make a discussion’ , ‘discuss about something’ , or ‘phone to somebody’.(即使是最有经验的演讲者有时也会省略第三人称单数中的‘s’。许多人在标准英语中需要定冠词和不定冠词的地方省略了它们，或者把它们放在标准英语中不用的地方。在英语母语者中不是复数的名词被非英语母语者用作复数（例如， informations，knowledges，advices）。其他的变体包括make a discussion、discuss about something或phone to someone)”可见，非英语母语人士使英语语法有了很多改变。故选D项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人在标准英语中需要定冠词和不定冠词的地方省略了它们，或者把它们放在标准英语中不用的地方。A. required要求；B. deleted删除；C. judged裁决；D. stressed强调。根据上一句“She says her team has noticed that non-native speakers are 12 standard English grammar in several ways (她说她的团队已经注意到，非英语母语人士在好几个方面都在改变标准英语语法。)”，根据句中的omit可知，非英语母语人士改变了冠词用法，把冠词给省略了，因此在标准英语中是要求（required）用冠词的。故选A项。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Knowledges和phone to somebody是完全错误的。A. harmful有害的；B. impolite不礼貌的；C. wrong错的；D. illogical不合逻辑的。根据上一段倒数第二句“Nouns that are not plural in native-speaker English are used as plurals by non-native speakers (eg, ‘informations’, ‘knowledges’, ‘advices’). (在英语母语者中不是复数的名词，被非母语人士用作复数，如：informations，knowledges，advices)”，以及本段第一句“Many native English speakers will insist that these are not variations, they are mistakes. (许多以英语为母语的人会坚持认为这些不是变体，而是错误的)”可知，Knowledges和phone to somebody这两个表达法都是错的（wrong）。故选C项。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是语言在变化，语法正确性的观念也在变化。A. phenomenon现象；B. research研究；C. structure 结构；D. correctness正确性。倒数第二段中“She says her team has noticed that non-native speakers are 12 standard English grammar in several ways. (她说她的团队已经注意到，非英语母语人士在好几个方面都在改变标准英语语法。)”，以及第三段最后一句“Global English has entered a more complex stage, changing in ways that the English-speaking countries cannot control and might 4 . (全球英语已经进入了一个更加复杂的阶段，以英语国家无法控制，且可能不喜欢的方式发生着变化。)”可推知，随着全球英语的变化发展，现在非英语母语人士说的被认为是错误的英语表达法，可能以后会被接受，使它们能合理存在，也变成正确的表述，故推知：语法正确性（correctness）的观念也在变化。故选D项。
46．A 47．C 48．D 49．D
【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文用幽默的语调主要讲述了作者即将出门，嘱托李照顾我的"孩子"--即我的宠物们，交代了Lee一些注意事项，以及表达对他的感谢。
46．推理判断题。本文讲述了作者离开家，感谢李对作者的"孩子"即宠物的照顾，可以看出我是用健谈的和幽默的语调写这封信的，故选A。
47．细节理解题。根据第一段的Remember that Regina （the"queen"in Latin，and she acts like one） is teething； including her sister，the cat；Beagles are notorious overeaters；可知作者提到了三种动物，一个未说明种类，一只猫和一条猎犬，故选C。
48．推理判断题。根据第一段中的句子Remember that Regina （the"queen"in Latin，and she acts like one） is teething．可知Regina是拉丁文中女王的意思，因此Rex最有可能是拉丁文，故选D。
49．推理判断题。根据文章最后的内容She'd rather play tug of war with it．Tell her，"Sit!"Then，when she does，say，"Drop it!"Be sure to tell her"good girl"，可知当Regina将球放下的时候对她说好女孩，故选D。
50．D 51．A 52．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了在亚马逊排行榜中本周销量和阅读量最高的五本书。
50．细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“In this spectacular father/son collaboration, Stephen King and Owen King tell the ‘highest of high-stakes stories: What might happen if women disappeared from the world of men?’(在这场壮观的父子合作中，Stephen King和Owen King讲述了‘最高风险的故事：如果女人从男人的世界消失了，会发生什么？’)”可知Sleeping Beauties是合著的，故选D。
51．细节理解题。文章No．1部分讲到“It--Now a major film BY STEPHEN KING(It现在是斯蒂芬金的一部重要电影)”以及No．3部分讲到“A Game of Thrones—NOW THE ACCLAIMED HBO SERIES GAME OF THRONES BY GEORGE R.R. MARTIN (《权力的游戏》现在是著名的HBO电视剧《权力的游戏》，作者是GEORGE R.R. MARTIN)”可和知It 和A Game of Thrones这两本书现在被改编成电视或电影，故选A。
52．细节理解题。文章It-Now a major film BY STEPHEN KING部分“Stephen King’s terrifying, classic #1 New York Times bestseller, ‘a landmark in American literature’ (Chicago Sun-Times)-about seven adults who return to their hometown to fight a nightmare they had first been troubled with as teenagers — an evil without a name: it.( Stephen King的恐怖经典畅销书在《纽约时报》排名第一，‘美国文学的里程碑’(《芝加哥太阳时报》)讲述了七个成年人回到家乡，与他们十几岁时第一次遇到的噩梦作斗争的故事—一个没有名字的邪恶：它。)”可知，“It”描述了一个可怕的故事，故事发生在Stephen King的读者熟悉的地方，故选C。
53．B 54．D 55．B 56．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了海明威《老人与海》的片段，老人和黑人比赛的情节。
53．推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“he had played the hand game with the great negro from Cienfuegos who was the strongest man on the docks. (他和Cienfuegos的强大的黑人玩过扳手腕，后者是码头上最强壮的人)”可知，和老人进行比赛的黑人是码头上最强壮的。在下文中，作者介绍了老人和黑人比赛的过程和结果：老人通过努力，打败了黑人。由此推知，第二段对黑人对手进行更多的描述是为了反衬出老人的强壮和坚定。故选B。
54．词义猜测题。划线单词下文“forced the hand of the negro down and down until it rested on the wood. (用力将黑人的手往下压，直到它停在木头上)”可推知要将黑人的手压下去必须释放全部力气，因此带下划线单词的意思是：“释放”，故选D。
55．细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“But not much money was bet and he had won it quite easily since he had broken the confidence of the negro from Cienfuegos in the first match. (但赌注不多，他很容易就赢了，因为他在第一场比赛中就打破了西恩富戈斯黑人的信心。)”可知根据文章，这位老人对黑人的胜利更多地归功于他的意志，而不是他的力量，故选B。
56．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“there had been a return match in the spring. But not much money was bet and he had won it quite easily since he had broken the confidence of the negro from Cienfuegos in the first match. (并在春季举行了一次回归赛。但赌注不多，他很容易就赢了，因为他在第一场比赛中就打破了西恩富戈斯黑人的信心。)”以及“He decided that he could beat anyone if he wanted to badly enough (他决定，如果他非常想打败任何人，他都可以打败任何人。)”可知，从整篇文章中可以推断出这位老人在比赛中用他的意志力不止一次击败了那个黑人。故选A。
57．F 58．D 59．B 60．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为什么冒险者喜欢极限运动的原因。
57．F选项“根据科罗拉多大学医学院的一项研究，76%的翼装者经历过死里逃生。”承接上文第一段“She must position her body just so for her wingsuit (滑翔服) to fill with air. Then, she must open her parachute (降落伞) at precisely the right moment and nail her landing, often within the span of 60 seconds. (她必须调整身体的位置，使她的翼服充满空气。然后，她必须在正确的时刻打开降落伞，并在60秒内完成着陆)”讲翼装者飞行经历，F选项用科学数据引出下文“In the face of such fatal consequences, why are some people still drawn to risky attempts? (面对如此致命的后果，为什么有些人仍然被冒险的尝试所吸引？)”翼装飞行可能带来的致命后果。故选F项。
58．由上文第三段“Even before we are born, our appetite for risk may be mapped out in our DNA. (甚至在我们出生之前，我们对风险的偏好就可能在我们的DNA中被描绘出来)”可知，有科学家认为喜欢冒险的性格早被基因决定了，呼应上文第二段“The answer may lie in a complex mix of genetic, environmental and psychological factors. (答案可能在于基因、环境和心理因素的复杂组合)”，可得出性格会受到多种因素的影响（不仅限于基因），D选项“然而，大多数科学家都认为性格是环境和基因影响的复杂组合。”与上文第三段形成转折关系，讲述影响影响性格的多种因素。故选D项。
59．B选项“他们寻求极限运动作为一种真实感受的方式。”与上文“In his view, those who take part in high-risk sports often have difficulty experiencing emotions, a condition called alexithymia. (在他看来，那些参加高风险运动的人往往难以体验情绪，这种情况被称为述情障碍)”是因果关系，因为有些人难以体验情绪，所以寻求极限运动来感受情绪。故选B项。
60．结合上文用科学研究解释为什么冒险者喜欢极限运动的原因，A选项“现在，研究表明他们是对的。”和下文“What people get from extreme sports is deeply transformational—a sense of connecting with a deep sense of self and being authentic, a powerful relationship with the natural world, a sense of freedom. They get a strong sense of living life to its fullest as if touching their full potential. (人们从极限运动中获得的是深刻的转变——一种与深刻的自我感和真实感相联系的感觉，一种与自然世界的强大关系，一种自由感。他们有一种强烈的充分生活的感觉，仿佛充分发挥了自己的潜力)”肯定了上文“For years, professional skiers, BASE jumpers, and climbers have argued that they are not reckless (鲁莽的). (多年来，专业滑雪者、跳伞运动员和登山者一直认为他们并不鲁莽)”所讲的冒险者喜欢极限运动是对的的这个事实。故选A项。
61．Although we are on different continents, we are to a large extent living the same lives.
【详解】考查状语从句和固定短语。although引导让步状语从句，表示“我们生活在不同的大洲”翻译为we are on different continents；表示“在很大程度上”短语为to a large extent；表示“我们过着相同的日子”翻译为we are living the same lives，为现在进行时。故翻译为Although we are on different continents, we are to a large extent living the same lives.
62．All the athletes of this competition, ranging in age from 20 to 35, desire to win the championship.
【详解】考查时态、动词短语。陈述客观事实，谓语动词用一般现在时；“本次比赛的运动员”表达为the athletes of this competition，作主语；“渴望夺冠”表达为动词短语desire to win the championship；“年龄从20岁到35岁不等”用range表达，range in age from 20 to 35，range与逻辑主语athletes之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：All the athletes of this competition, ranging in age from 20 to 35, desire to win the championship.
63．Although we have tried our best, to a great extent the result depends on luck and timing.
【详解】考查让步状语从句、动词短语、介词短语和名词短语。表示“尽力”应用动词短语try one’s best; Although尽管引导让步状语从句，根据句意应使用现在完成时：Although we have tried our best;表示“很大程度上”应用介词短语to a great extent;表示“运气和时机”的名词短语为luck and timing;作动词的宾语；表示“取决于”的动词短语为depend on; 根据句意可知主句应使用一般现在时。故翻译为Although we have tried our best, to a great extent the result depends on luck and timing.。
64．Starting next spring, the local government targets to introduce free lunches to public schools in the community.
【详解】考查动词时态和非谓语动词。根据所给中文提示词可知，“从明年春天开始”应在句中作时间状语，所以开始译为“start”应用非谓语形式，此处应用现在分词形式，故译为“starting next spring”，主句中主语是“当地政府”译为“the local government”，谓语根据题干要求，需用target，此处表示现有的状态，用一般现在时，宾语是“推出免费午餐”，连同谓语译为“targets to introduce free lunches”，“面向社区内的公立学校”作状语译为“to public schools in the community”。故译为：Starting next spring, the local government targets to introduce free lunches to public schools in the community.
65．Due to the huge impact of globalization, some languages have spread to all parts of the world, while others have been extinct.
【详解】考查时态、并列连词、形容词和短语。“由于”用短语due to表达，“全球化”用名词globalization表达，“全球化的巨大影响”表达为名词短语the huge impact of globalization，“由于全球化的巨大影响”表达为due to the huge impact of globalization，在句中作原因状语；“一些语言”用名词短语some languages表达，“另一些语言”用代词others表达；“传播”用动词spread表达，在句中作谓语动词，“传播至世界各地”表达为spread to all parts of the world；“消亡”用形容词extinct表达，在句中作表语；句意分析可知，此句应用现在完成时，此句可表达为由并列连词while“而”连接的并列句；故此句可翻译为：Due to the huge impact of globalization, some languages have spread to all parts of the world, while others have been extinct.
66．Living in a world without cultural differences is frustrating, so what we should celebrate is not human similarity but diversity.
【详解】考查动名词、主语从句、动词、形容词以及名词。表示“生活在没有文化差异的世界”应用动词短语live in a world without cultural differences，用作主语，应使用动名词形式；表示“令人沮丧的”形容词为frustrating；表示“颂扬”动词为celebrate, what we should celebrate用作主语从句；“不是人类的相似性而是多样性”应使用名词短语not human similarity but diversity,根据句意可知本句应使用一般现在时。故翻译为Living in a world without cultural differences is frustrating, so what we should celebrate is not human similarity but diversity.
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