高考英语真题分项汇编（全国通用）五年（2019-2023）专题07 名词性从句和定语从句

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五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编
专题07 名词性从句和定语从句（解析版）
第一组 名词性从句
〖2023年高考真题题组〗
1.（2023新高考II卷）They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is 42 they need an English trainer.
答案：why。
解析：考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
〖2022年高考真题题组〗
1.（2022新高考II卷）“I don't know ___________ to thank him.”
答案：how
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
2.（2022年浙江1月）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely.
答案：if/whether
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
3. (2022天津卷) Mental health involves________ you process things such as stress and anxiety.
A. how B. what C. why D. which
答案：A
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：心理健康包括如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的宾语从句作谓语动词involves的宾语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，但句意不完整，根据句意可知，表示“如何，怎样”的连词how符合句意。故选A项。
〖2021年高考真题题组〗
1.（2021全国I卷）_____________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
答案：what
解析：考查主语从句。句意为：这段经历让人叹为观止的是那些超凡脱俗的场景。引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,表示"……的东西",故填What。
2.（2021年北京卷）The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she lived．
答案：where
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。
3.（2021年天津卷）What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas.
A. whether B. why C. what D. when
答案：B
解析：考查表语从句。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. what什么，所…的事儿；D. when什么时间，…的时间。分析句子，该空需要一个表语从句的连接词，结合句意，应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选B项。
4.（2021年天津卷）It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be.
A. when B. where C. what D. whether
答案：C
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词become后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句中的be缺少表语，所填词应该起双重作用。故选C
.〖2020年高考真题题组〗
1.（2020年浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
答案：what
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
2.（2020年北京卷）Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them __________you can join in when it's possible.
答案：if/whether
解析：考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。
3.（2020·江苏卷）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
A. whether B. why C. when D. where
答案：A
解析：考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. when什么时候；D. where在哪里。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。
4.（2020·天津卷）The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
答案：B
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。
〖2019年高考真题题组〗
1.（2019全国I卷）While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
答案：that
解析：考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
2.（2019北京卷）What students do at college seems to matter much more than ______ they go.
答案：where
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
3.（2019·江苏卷）Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
答案：B
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
4.（2018年天津卷）The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
答案：C
解析：考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。
5.（2018年江苏卷）By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
答案：D
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。
6.（2018全国III卷）I'm not sure __________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
答案：who
解析：考查宾语从句。从句中缺少主语，逗号后面是me or the gorilla，并且后文用her来指代猩猩，将其拟人化了，因此用"who"。
7.（2018年北京卷）Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
答案：C
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
8.（2018年北京卷）This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
答案：D
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
9.（2015全国II卷）As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly_________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
答案：how
解析：考查名词性从句。 句意：美国西南部印第安人们清楚土胚墙需要多么厚才能最好地保证房内冷热的循环。 “________thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days”是figure out的宾语从句。 由句意可知，该从句要用how引导。 how修饰形容词thick，意为"多么"。
第二组 定语从句
〖2023年高考真题题组〗
1.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 63 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
答案：as。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
2.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, 64 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
答案：where。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
3.（2023全国甲卷）She even played some recordings of their singing, what was fun.
答案：what改为which。
解析：考查定语从句。句意：她甚至播放了一些它们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。此处非限制性定语从句修饰singing，从句缺少主语，指物，故what改为which。
4.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 63 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
答案：which/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
5.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect.
答案：that改为whose。
考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故that改为whose。
〖2022年高考真题题组〗
1.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
答案：that
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
2.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
答案：who
解析：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3.（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
答案：that/who
解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
4. （2021全国乙卷）Just see how cars have taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger.
答案：what改为which。
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用which 引导。故将what改为which。
5. (2022天津卷) Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested.
A. for which B. with which
C. for whom D. with whom
答案：C
解析：考查定语从句。句意：旅游指南是为了给游客提供方便的，里面为游客建议了参观一个城市或景点的线路。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词traveler；结合句意，路线是给游客提供、为了游客而给出的建议，故需要用介词for表示“给……”，先行词为人，故for后用whom。故选C项。
〖2021年高考真题题组〗
1.（2021全国II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company___________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
2.（2021浙江卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
3.（2021天津卷）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
答案：A
解析：考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。
4.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须
把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
5.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.
答案：that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
〖2020年高考真题题组〗
1.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist______ paintings were almost lifelike.
答案：whose
解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
2.（2020全国II卷）Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
答案：what改为which。
解析：考查定语从句。逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which。
3.（2020全国III卷）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
答案：what改成that。
解析：这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all the food，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that或which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改成that。
〖2019年高考真题题组〗
1.（2019全国II卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，_________she opened with her late husband Les.
答案：which
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
2.（2019全国III卷）They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
答案：who/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
3.（2019浙江卷）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______ gives off light in the dark.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
4.（2019北京卷）The students benefitting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).
答案：who
解析：考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。______ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who。
5.（2019全国III卷）In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
答案：what改为that/which。
解析：考查定语从句。先行词environment在从句中作主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故把what改为that/which。
6.（2018全国I卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ___________showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句，先行词为study，在定语从句中作主语，所以用which或that引导。
7.（2018全国II卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ________gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句。先行词为program，在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which引导。
8.（2018浙江卷）Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
答案：who/that
解析：考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
9.（2018·北京）She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which B. who
C. as D. that
答案：A
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
10.（2017全国I卷）Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _________is not good for the health.
答案：which
解析：本题主要考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，主句主谓完整，定语从句缺少主语且从句前有逗号，故此处应填入关系代词 which，故正确答案为 which。
11.（2017全国III卷）But Sarah, ___________has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
答案：who
解析：考查定语从句。先行词是Sarah，因此引导定语从句应使用who。
12.（2016全国I卷）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____________I was the first Western TV reporter was permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
答案：when
解析：考查定语从句。划线处后面I was the first Western TV reporter was permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.是一个完整的句子，且先行词he mid-1980s，故答案为when。
13.（2016全国III卷）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，___________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.，influenced the development of chopsticks.
答案：who
解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。
14.（2015全国I卷）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句。先行词为Li River，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词。句意：漓江被许多艺术家所绘画。故用that/which。
15.（2014全国I卷）Maybe you leave a habit ________is driving your family crazy.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定语从句。本句是一个定语从句，先行词是a habit，定语从句中使用关系代词that/which指代先行词，在句做主语，不能省略。故填which/that。