四川省内江市资中县第二中学2022-2023学年高二英语下学期入学考试试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份四川省内江市资中县第二中学2022-2023学年高二英语下学期入学考试试题（Word版附解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。

资中二中2022—2023学年高二下学期开学考试
英 语
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man want to do?
A. Stay with Alan. B. Relax at home. C. Send Alan to school.
2. How will Jack go to New York?
A. By bus. B. By plane. C. By train.
3. How many students does the woman expect in total?
A. 10. B. 13. C. 15.
4. What does the man think of the music?
A. Relaxing. B. Exciting. C. Boring.
5. What does the woman mean?
A People won’t listen to the doctors.
B. Doctors have different lifestyles.
C. It’s great to attend the lecture.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a supermarket. B. In the kitchen. C. Over the phone.
7. What will the man look for next?
A. Milk. B. Carrots. C. Yogurt.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. Why does the woman congratulate the man?
A. He moved house. B. He got a new job. C. He became a father.
9. What’s the relationship between Mike and the woman?
A. Good friends. B. A couple. C. Fellow workers.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. Why won’t the man play tennis with the woman?
A. He isn’t good at it. B. He can’t get up early. C. He likes volleyball better.
11. What’s the man’s hobby?
A. Playing ball games. B. Watching matches. C. Feeding birds.
12. How old is the man?
A. Almost 40. B. Almost 50. C. Almost 60.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13 Why does Mike look tired?
A. He just took two exams.
B. He studied for a whole night.
C. He got up too early this morning.
14. How does Mike feel about his grade of the chemistry test?
A. Unsatisfied. B. Encouraged. C. Surprised.
15. What course does Mike prefer to take?
A. The one on how to do research online.
B. The one on writing term papers.
C. The one on test-taking skills.
16. What will Mike do next?
A. Have a rest. B. Talk to a professor. C. Go to the Study Skills Center.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. What could Dan Friedell be?
A. An official. B. A reporter. C. A keeper of the clock.
18. When will the bell stop ringing?
A. Since January 1st. B. Since August 21st. C. Since November 12th.
19. What can we know from Steve Jaggs?
A. The repair project will cost about $40 million.
B. The last time the bell stopped was in 2007.
C. The clock will continue to tell the time silently.
20. How did Joana react to the news?
A. She made a proposal. B. She made a complaint. C. She made no comments.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Coach your favourite sports to poor children in schools. Help these children to get a structured sporting education and see their joy as they pick up new skills. If that’s not enough sport for you, you can even get involved in playing with local teams in your evenings and at weekends.
Description
As a volunteer sports coach, you and your group will head to 3 schools each day to coach your chosen sport or a variety of them. Sports coaching volunteering involves not just teaching the kids, but also acting as a good role model. Children are aged about 10–13 and are often new to playing sport in a structured environment. You don’t need to be a top player to take part (though any champions are welcome!) — it’s your patience and drive that will make the biggest effects.
Which sports to coach?
Sports coaching volunteers can choose to specialize in coaching just one sport, but often we find that it is best to combine several sports for more variety. The freedom to choose between different sports makes the weeks even more diverse. Follow the links to find out more about each sport.
Accommodation
·The accommodation is located in a leafy suburb 10 minutes’ drive from the city centre and the seafront.
·Sports volunteers share accommodation with childcare and teaching volunteers.
Food
All dietary requirements can be catered for, as long as we know about them in advance. Coaching children in sport will make you hungry — many volunteers choose to supplement (补充) their meals with snacks bought in the local shops, just 10 minutes’ walk away. There is a volunteer kitchen where participants can do any cooking they wish outside of mealtimes.
Want to go travelling afterwards?
We can arrange a week-long Garden Route tour after your time on the project. Follow the link to find out more about the Garden Route Tour.
1. What can a volunteer do in the evenings if he wants to do more sports?
A. Drive to the supermarket. B. Pay a visit to 3 schools.
C. Match with local teams. D. Have a Garden Route tour.
2. Which is the most important as sports coaching volunteers?
A. Being a top player. B. Being skilled in various sports.
C. Being able to cook well. D. Being motivated and patient.
3. Where is the text probably from?
A. A web page. B. A news magazine.
C. A travel guide. D. An education paper.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个网站上关于招聘体育教练志愿者的工作内容、食宿及旅行安排的信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“If that’s not enough sport for you, you can even get involved in playing with local teams in your evenings and at weekends.(如果你觉得那样的运动对你来说还不够，你甚至可以在晚上以及周末和当地团队一起运动。)”可知，如果志愿者想做更多的运动，他晚上可以与当地球队比赛。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Description部分最后一句“You don’t need to be a top player to take part (though any champions are welcome!) — it’s your patience and drive that will make the biggest effects.(你不需要成为一名顶级球员来参加（尽管任何冠军都是受欢迎的! ）——你的耐心和动力将产生最大的影响。)”可知，作为体育教练志愿者，有上进心和耐心最重要。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据Which sports to coach?部分最后一句“Follow the links to find out more about each sport.(点击链接了解更多关于每项运动的信息。)”和Want to go travelling afterwards?部分最后一句“Follow the link to find out more about the Garden Route Tour. (点击链接了解更多关于花园之旅的信息。)”可推知，本文最可能出自一个网页。故选A。
B
Instead of escaping the summer heat in air-conditioning indoors, Mustafa Furkan Ozgener prefers the sunshine in an experimental seed field of over 200 kinds of melons in Pingluo County, Northwest China’s Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Picking melons, weighing them, observing their growth, tasting, recording and taking pictures, the 31-year-old Turkish man runs his tests on up to 50 kinds of melons every day. “I love working in the field. Melons are favored in Turkey in the hot summers and my job here is to choose the best kinds for Turkish customers,” he said.
Influenced by his father who used to do business in China, Ozgener majored in Chinese at university and therefore expected a journey to China one day. The young man visited China for the first time as an exchange student in Beijing. Two years later, Ozgener applied for a master’s degree in tourism management at China’s Sun Yat-sen University. Since then, he’s traveled around the country to learn about the colorful Chinese culture and enjoy different dishes. “The more I learn about China, the more I want to stay here,” said Ozgener. He worked as a translator in Ningxia after graduation.
The company Ozgener works for now is a scientific and technological enterprise engaged in vegetable planting, production, promotion, import and export. It has bred over 70 new varieties of seeds and exported seeds to 27 countries and regions in Asia and Africa, including the Middle East.
Before the outbreak of COVID-19, Ozgener would spend two months in Hainan and another four months in Ningxia to help foreign clients select seeds. Then he would go back to Turkey. But due to the epidemic (流行病), he has stayed in Ningxia for more than a year, observing and selecting target seeds in the field every day.
“I used to do translation work only, but now I’m also responsible for all the stuff related to the seeds. It’s tiring but rewarding, because I can learn a lot. I will continue to pursue my dream here,” said Ozgener.
4. Why does Ozgener work in the melon field in Ningxia?
A. He likes the hot weather there. B. He prefers eating melons there.
C. He loves working in the field there. D. His father wants him to work there.
5. What do we know about Ozgener?
A. He learned Chinese in Beijing as an exchange student.
B. He worked in the field in Hainan after graduation.
C. He traveled around China the first time he came there.
D. He had a greater interest in China as time went by.
6. What kind of person is Ozgener?
A. Hard-working and determined. B. Energetic and patient.
C. Kind and devoted. D. Ambitious and confident.
7. What is the text mainly about?
A. A man’s wonderful journey to China. B. Planting and selling melons in Turkey.
C. A tiring job in the field in a hot summer. D. Going after a dream of planting seeds in Ningxia.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名土耳其小伙儿在宁夏通过种瓜追求自己梦想的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Instead of escaping the summer heat in air-conditioning indoors, Mustafa Furkan Ozgener prefers the sunshine in an experimental seed field of over 200 kinds of melons in Pingluo County, Northwest China’s Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.(在中国西北部宁夏回族自治区平罗县，Mustafa Furkan Ozgener更喜欢阳光明媚的试验田，而不是在室内的空调中避暑。试验田种植了200多种瓜类)”以及“I love working in the field.(我喜欢在野外工作)”可知，这名土耳其小伙儿喜欢在瓜田里工作。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中““The more I learn about China, the more I want to stay here,” said Ozgener.(“我对中国了解得越多，就越想留在这里，”Ozgener说)”可知，随着时间的推移，这名土耳其小伙儿对中国的兴趣越来越浓厚。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Before the outbreak of COVID-19, Ozgener would spend two months in Hainan and another four months in Ningxia to help foreign clients select seeds. Then he would go back to Turkey. But due to the epidemic (流行病), he has stayed in Ningxia for more than a year, observing and selecting target seeds in the field every day.(新冠疫情爆发前，奥兹格纳在海南待了两个月，在宁夏待了四个月，帮助外国客户挑选种子。然后他会回到土耳其。但由于疫情，他在宁夏呆了一年多，每天都在田间观察和选择目标种子)”以及最后一段““I used to do translation work only, but now I’m also responsible for all the stuff related to the seeds. It’s tiring but rewarding, because I can learn a lot. I will continue to pursue my dream here,” said Ozgener.( Ozgener说：“我以前只做翻译工作，但现在我也负责所有与种子有关的事情。这很累，但很值得，因为我可以学到很多东西。我将继续在这里追求我的梦想。”)”可推知，他是一个勤奋且坚定的人。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Instead of escaping the summer heat in air-conditioning indoors, Mustafa Furkan Ozgener prefers the sunshine in an experimental seed field of over 200 kinds of melons in Pingluo County, Northwest China’s Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.(在中国西北部宁夏回族自治区平罗县，Mustafa Furkan Ozgener更喜欢阳光明媚的试验田，而不是在室内的空调中避暑。试验田种植了200多种瓜类)”通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一名土耳其小伙儿在宁夏通过种瓜追求自己梦想的故事。故选D。
C
Now, a study proves that gardens are more than just a pretty place. The study, by researchers at Illinois State University, demonstrates that such constructed gardens can have a measurable and positive impact on water quality.
Floating gardens are essentially platforms built and wrapped in coconut husks (椰子壳), and filled in with native plantings. As plants grow, they extend their roots into the water. On the North Branch of the Chicago River, non-profit Urban Rivers and its partners are developing a mile-long floating eco-park called the Wild Mile. The re-development of this former industrial canal is Urban Rivers’ important project. As part of the park, floating gardens, attached to shore, are being fixed.
The primary aim of the floating gardens is beautification. But the Illinois State team from the University’s Department of Geology, Geography, and the Environment, saw an ideal setup for a controlled experiment. “We joined it because it’s the perfect opportunity to see if there’s an influence on water quality,” explains lead author Abigail Heath.
The study is novel: previous studies have explored floating gardens’ influence on water quality over time, primarily in wastewater treatment ponds, but not over space, in moving water. The project also matches well with Urban Rivers’ broader goals. “The city is interested in bettering water quality,” says Phil Nicodemus, Urban Rivers’ Director of Research. “Happily, Illinois State took part in it later.”
Could this small human-made park improve water quality? An average of data collected over the course of the study shows middle but definitive improvement. For example, nitrogen (氮) dropped from 4.69 milligrams per liter in surface water to 4.43 milligrams per liter, a drop of about 1 percent.
“Despite how small this garden was, there was measurable improvement in water quality from upstream to downstream,” notes Heath. She and her colleagues see this as a model for how large floating gardens should be to help improve water in similar settings. “Even this tiny garden makes a difference,” she says.
8. What can be inferred from the second paragraph?
A. The floating gardens are environmentally friendly.
B. The floating gardens are fixed everywhere in the eco-park.
C. The floating gardens can help fix the former parks.
D. The Urban Rivers were once industrial canals.
9. What is the main reason to build the floating gardens?
A. To reduce waste water. B. To attract more visitors to the park.
C. To make the surroundings brilliant. D. To help researchers do the experiment.
10. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 4?
A. The floating garden. B. The project.
C. The treatment of ponds. D. The quality of water.
11. Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A. Floating Gardens: More than Pretty
B. The Best Way to Better Water Quality
C. A Practical Method of Improving Parks
D. Floating Gardens Beautify the City
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究指出，美国伊利诺伊州的漂浮花园不但起到了美观的作用，而且能够有效改善水质。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Floating gardens are essentially platforms built and wrapped in coconut husks (椰子壳), and filled in with native plantings. As plants grow, they extend their roots into the water. On the North Branch of the Chicago River, non-profit Urban Rivers and its partners are developing a mile-long floating eco-park called the Wild Mile.（漂浮花园本质上是用椰子壳包裹起来的平台，里面种满了本地植物。当植物生长时，它们的根会伸入水中。在芝加哥河的北支流，非营利组织“城市河流”及其合作伙伴正在开发一个长达一英里的漂浮生态公园，名为“野生一英里”。）”可知，漂浮花园的用材是椰子壳，其功能是作为生态公园。由此推知，漂浮花园是环保的。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The primary aim of the floating gardens is beautification.（漂浮花园的主要目的是美化。）”可知，建造漂浮花园的主要目的是让周边环境更加美观。故选C。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中“The project also matches well with Urban Rivers’ broader goals. “The city is interested in bettering water quality,” says Phil Nicodemus, Urban Rivers’ Director of Research. “Happily, Illinois State took part in it later.”（该项目也与“城市河流”更大的目标相匹配。“城市河流”研究主任Phil Nicodemus说：“这座城市对改善水质很感兴趣，令人高兴的是，伊利诺伊州立大学后来也加入了。”）”可知，Phil Nicodemus很高兴伊利诺伊州立大学参与了这个项目，it指代的是上文中提到的The project。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究指出，美国伊利诺伊州的漂浮花园不但起到了美观的作用，而且能够有效改善水质。因此，A项“漂浮花园：不止于美丽”可概括文章大意，适合作为文章标题。故选A。
D
Stressed at work and feeling your blood pressure rise? People all over the world are told by their doctors to try for a low-sodium (钠) diet to treat high blood pressure or other diseases, but there’s no denying that salt makes food taste good. Fortunately, Japanese researchers at Tokyo’s Meiji University and the manufacturer Kirin have developed high-tech chopsticks that enhance salty tastes, potentially helping those who need to reduce sodium in their diets.
These wired-up chopsticks are actually part of a device that the researchers say can enhance the salty flavor of low-sodium foods. And when they were tested on participants for the first time, results showed that the high-tech chopsticks increase perceived (察觉到) saltiness in foods by about 1.5 times.
According to the research team, the basic principle is that the extra salty flavor is perceived due to extremely weak electric currents conveyed directly into the mouth through the tip of one of the chopsticks. Scientists have apparently been using this kind of weak electricity to play with flavors in the lab for years, but these chopsticks in particular are set to adjust the activity of ions (离子) in sodium chloride (table salt), which enhances salty flavor.
And do these chopsticks work as expected? To verify the effect of the new chopsticks, the researchers conducted an experiment on a total of 36 participants aged 40 to 65, all of whom were eating a low-sodium diet. If nothing else, one thing was clear: participants using the chopsticks tasted more salt than they did without. Results show that they even thought that low-sodium food eaten with the high-tech chopsticks tasted saltier than regular food made with an average amount of sodium, and eaten with normal chopsticks.
The chopsticks aren’t on store shelves quite yet, but with promising results, people around the world who are unhappily devoted to a low-sodium diet might just be excited for any updates to come!
12. What is the main function of the future high-tech chopsticks?
A. To treat blood pressure. B. To test how salty a dish is.
C. To increase the saltiness of food. D. To help reduce salt intake.
13. How do the high-tech chopsticks work?
A. By sending warning information to the brain.
B. By changing the saltiness of food with electric shocks.
C. By using electricity to transport ions between chopsticks.
D. By tricking our brains into tasting extra salt.
14. What does the underlined word “verify” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Confirm. B. Improve.
C. Change. D. Strengthen.
15. What is the writer’s attitude toward the future of the chopsticks?
A. Doubtful. B. Optimistic. C. Uncertain. D. Pessimistic.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。日本研究人员开发出一种可以让人感觉咸味增强的筷子，从而帮助人们减少食盐的摄入量。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“Fortunately, Japanese researchers at Tokyo’s Meiji University and the manufacturer Kirin have developed high-tech chopsticks that enhance salty tastes, potentially helping those who need to reduce sodium in their diets. (幸运的是，日本东京明治大学的研究人员和制造商麒麟开发出了一种高科技筷子，可以增强咸味，可能会帮助那些需要减少饮食中钠含量的人。)”可知，这种高科技筷子的功能是帮助减少食盐摄入量。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“According to the research team, the basic principle is that the extra salty flavor is perceived due to extremely weak electric currents conveyed directly into the mouth through the tip of one of the chopsticks. (据研究小组介绍，其基本原理是，通过其中一根筷子的尖端直接进入口腔的极弱电流会让人感受到额外的咸味。)”可知，这种高科技筷子是通过让大脑感受额外的咸味来发挥其功能的。故选D。
【14题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段前两句“And do these chopsticks work as expected? To verify the effect of the new chopsticks, the researchers conducted an experiment on a total of 36 participants aged 40 to 65, all of whom were eating a low-sodium diet. (这些筷子像预期的那样好用吗？为了 新筷子的效果，研究人员对36名年龄在40到65岁之间的参与者进行了一项实验，他们都在吃低钠饮食。)”可知，画线词所在句前一句是对筷子的效果提出疑问，而后面是对实验结果的描述，故可推知，划线词是“证明，证实”的意思。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据末段“The chopsticks aren’t on store shelves quite yet, but with promising results, people around the world who are unhappily devoted to a low-sodium diet might just be excited for any updates to come! (这种筷子还没有在商店货架上销售，但由于效果很好，世界各地那些不快乐地致力于低钠饮食的人可能会对即将到来的任何更新感到兴奋！)”可知，作者对这种高科技筷子的未来持乐观态度。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Neither of us has ever been to a cat cafe although I’ve heard of cat cafes in Japan. So when we saw The Cat Brothers Cafe near our hotel in Chiang Mai, we knew we had to stop by. ____16____
Generally speaking, the biggest complaint about cat cafes is that the cats are uninterested in visitors. Instead, what they prefer to do is spend their time away from the coffee-drinking customers, who were usually cat lovers as well. ____17____ It is home to roughly 20 cats who were all full of energy. During our visit, we had 4-5 cats hanging around our table at any given time. They seemed to welcome, or at least enjoyed being petted. They were far more friendly than we expected. There are a number of baskets and cat houses spreading around the room. ____18____ Even the sleeping cats could be made for great photos. So if you are a photographer lover, you will find many surprises here.
____19____ The first floor is cat-free. And it is especially perfect if you’re looking to get some work done. Some writers and white-collar workers like to choose this floor.
The second floor is where the interaction is. Be prepared for lots of cat-action, especially if you buy the cat food downstairs. ____20____ When you run out of food, grab one of the many toys laying around and have some fun with the playful cats. If you, or the cats, are tired of playing, just sit back and catch some interesting shots of cute cats and taste some delicious coffee.
A. It only costs 200 JPY.
B. The cat cafe actually has two levels.
C. Luckily, the cats here were super friendly.
D. You can’t bring your own food to the cat cafe.
E. So if the cats felt tired, they were able to hide away.
F. It was an appealing and comfortable casual-style cat cafe.
G. If the cats were still energetic, they would continue playing.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在清迈遇到的一家猫咪咖啡馆。
【16题详解】
前文“So when we saw The Cat Brothers Cafe near our hotel in Chiang Mai, we knew we had to stop by.(所以，当我们在清迈的酒店附近看到猫兄弟咖啡馆时，我们知道我们必须顺道拜访)”说明作者在清迈遇到了一家以前从来没有听说过得猫咪咖啡馆。空处承上启下，F项“这是一个吸引人的和舒适的休闲风格的猫咖啡馆。”中的it指代前文中出现的The Cat Brothers Cafe，“an appealing and comfortable casual-style cat cafe”和下文对咖啡馆的描述相呼应，说明这家咖啡馆是一家有吸引人的舒适休闲风格的猫咖啡馆。故选F。
【17题详解】
上文“Instead, what they prefer to do is spend their time away from the coffee-drinking customers, who were usually cat lovers as well. (相反，他们更喜欢把时间花在远离喝咖啡的顾客身上，而这些顾客通常也是爱猫的人)”说明这家咖啡馆的猫咪们更喜欢和顾客互动。C项“幸运的是，这里的猫非常友好。”符合语境。该句中的“super friendly”和下文的“far more friendly”相呼应。故选C。
【18题详解】
上文“There are a number of baskets and cat houses spreading around the room.(房间里有许多篮子和猫屋)”说明咖啡馆布置了许多的篮子和猫屋。空处解释该做法的原因，说明准备的这些篮子和猫屋是为了在猫咪们累了的时候，有地方休息。E项“因此，如果猫觉得累了，它们可以躲起来。”符合语境。故选E。
【19题详解】
下文“The first floor is cat-free. And it is especially perfect if you’re looking to get some work done. Some writers and white-collar workers like to choose this floor.(一楼没有猫。如果你想完成一些工作，它尤其完美。一些作家和白领喜欢选择这个楼层)”说明这家咖啡馆一楼没有猫的原因。 而下一段第一句话“The second floor is where the interaction is.(二楼是互动的地方)”说明咖啡馆的二楼的作用。B项中的 two levels和下文中的The first floor 和The second floor 相呼应，说明这个咖啡馆有两层。故选B。
【20题详解】
上文“Be prepared for lots of cat-action, especially if you buy the cat food downstairs. (要为猫的行为做好准备，尤其是当你在楼下买猫粮的时候)”说明需要准备猫粮。A项中的costs 200 JPY和前文中的buy相呼应，it指代前文中的the cat food，说明猫粮的价钱只有200日元。故选A。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The mind of a child is like a sponge (海绵), absorbing information from all available sources and rapidly learning human skills.
Researchers have now found that children are ____21____ with their energy. They only try hard and ____22____ effort when they know it will be beneficial. This means small children’s learning systems are more ____23____ than previously thought, as they do not just ____24____ adults’ examples or try at random.
An experiment was conducted on 96 young children to test how they ____25____ various problems. Researchers watched carefully to see how much ____26____ they devoted. The study revealed that if they fail at the first ____27____ and know success is impossible, they don’t waste much energy ____28____ for it. However, if they are aware a task can be ____29____ but it is difficult, they will persist (坚持) for longer, even if they fail. And children also only seek help if they ____30____ need it.
It was once ____31____ that children either try things at random or simply ____32____ what they see adults doing, but this research proves it to be untrue. ____33____, children combine all information available to make a ____34____ as to whether a task is worth persisting with. The research shows children combine their own ____35____ with their previous knowledge to decide when is best to try hard.
Experts say ____36____ is important and plays a role in learning and life outcomes like school ____37____ and emotional health. But it is not always a good idea to persist because effort is a ____38____ resource. Besides, making an effort requires ____39____ and energy. What truly ____40____ learning is knowing when to try and what the best way to try is.
21. A. generous B. concerned C. careful D. content
22. A. focus on B. put in C. hold back D. use up
23. A. complex B. slowly C. flexible D. advanced
24. A. set B. identify C. analyze D. follow
25. A. avoid B. cause C. handle D. predict
26. A. attention B. money C. energy D. patience
27. A. sight B. attempt C. request D. stage
28. A. looking B. preparing C. waiting D. struggling
29. A. completed B. postponed C. refused D. cancelled
30 A. exactly B. actually C. normally D. typically
31. A. doubted B. assumed C. denied D. proved
32. A. copy B. imagine C. check D. recall
33. A. Moreover B. Besides C. Instead D. Therefore
34. A. decision B. change C. proposal D. promise
35. A. expectations B. habits C. views D. experiences
36. A. determination B. courage C. judgments D. wisdom
37. A. environment B. performance C. education D. management
38. A. natural B. public C. limited D. precious
39. A. care B. love C. space D. time
40. A. controls B. involves C. blocks D. drives
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，孩子的大脑就像一块海绵，可以理解从所有可用的信息来源得来的信息，并迅速学会人类技能。然而，关于孩子思维模式的新研究颠覆了许多人的认知。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员现在发现，孩子们对自己的精力很谨慎。A. generous慷慨的；B. concerned关注的，担心的；C. careful小心的，谨慎的；D. content满意的。根据下文“They only try hard and ____2____ effort when they know it will be beneficial.”可知，孩子们只有在知道努力会带来好处的时候才会去努力，所以此处指他们慎重地使用他们的精力，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只有在知道有益的时候才会努力和付出。A. focus on集中于；B. put in投入，付出；C. hold back抑制，阻止；D. use up用完，用光。空处与上文“try hard”并列，故指“付出努力”，故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词和副词词义辨析。句意：这意味着小孩子的学习系统比以前认为的要复杂得多，因为他们不只是效仿成年人或随机尝试。A. complex复杂的；B. slowly缓慢地；C. flexible灵活的；D. advanced先进的。根据下文“as they do not just ____4____ adults’ examples or try at random.”可知，孩子不只是效仿成年人或随机尝试，这说明他们的学习系统比人们认为的更为复杂，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. set设置；B. identify识别，确认；C. analyze分析；D. follow跟随。根据上文“when they know it will be beneficial”可知，孩子们只有在知道有益的时候才会努力和投入，所以他们不止是效仿成年人，follow one’s examples效仿某人，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对96名幼儿进行了一项实验，以测试他们如何处理各种问题。A. avoid避免；B. cause导致；C. handle处理；D. predict预测。由空后的“various problems”可知，此处指处理各种不同的问题，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员仔细观察了它们投入了多少精力。A. attention注意力；B. money钱；C. energy精力；D. patience耐心。根据下文“they don’t waste much energy ____8____ for it”可知，此处指研究人员仔细观察孩子们，看看他们投入了多少精力，故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，如果他们第一次尝试就失败了，并且知道成功是不可能的，他们就不会浪费太多精力去争取成功。A. sight视力，视野；B. attempt尝试；C. request要求，请求；D. stage阶段。根据上文“if they fail”可知，此处指如果第一次尝试失败，at the first attempt在第一尝试时，固定短语，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. looking看；B. preparing准备；C. waiting等待；D. struggling奋斗，争取。根据上文“know success is impossible”可知，空后的it指代success，指如果他们知道不可能成功，就不会再浪费精力去争取成功，struggle for为……而奋斗，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果他们意识到一个任务是可以完成的，但它是困难的，他们会坚持更长时间，即使他们会失败。A. completed完成；B. postponed推迟，延期；C. refused拒绝；D. cancelled取消。根据空后“but it is difficult, they will persist (坚持) for longer”可知，如果他们知道一项任务虽然难但是他们能够完成的话，他们会坚持更久，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：孩子们也只在真正需要的时候才会寻求帮助。A. exactly精确地；B. actually实际上，确实；C. normally正常地；D. typically典型地。根据上文以及本句中的“only”可知，孩子们只在确实需要帮助时才会寻求帮助，故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们曾经认为，孩子们要么随意尝试，要么只是模仿他们看到的成年人的行为，但这项研究证明这是不正确的。A. doubted怀疑；B. assumed假设，认为；C. denied否认；D. proved证明。此处呼应上文“This means small children’s learning systems are more ____3____ than previously thought”中的thought，指人们以前认为的东西被证明是错误的，故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. copy复制，模仿；B. imagine想象；C. check检查；D. recall回忆。此处与第二段中“as they do not just ____4____ adults’ examples”呼应，指人们以前认为孩子们只是模仿他们看到的成年人正在做的事情，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，孩子们综合所有可用的信息来决定一项任务是否值得坚持下去。A. Moreover此外，而且；B. Besides此外；C. Instead相反；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“but this research proves it to be untrue”可知，人们曾经的想法是错误的，孩子们不是模仿大人或随机尝试，相反，他们综合所有可用的信息来决定一项任务是否值得坚持下去，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. decision决定；B. change变化；C. proposal提议；D. promise承诺。根据空前“children combine all information available”以及本段末句中“to decide when is best to try hard”可知，孩子们综合所有可获得的信息，就一项任务是否值得坚持做而做出决定，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，孩子们会把自己的经历和以前的知识结合起来，决定什么时候努力最好。A. expectations期待；B. habits习惯；C. views观点；D. experiences经历。上文“The study revealed that if they fail at the first ____7____ and know success is impossible, they don’t waste much energy ____8____ for it.”提到如果孩子们在第一次尝试时就失败并且知道不可能成功的话，他们就不会浪费太多精力去努力争取成功，由此可推测出此处指孩子们将他们自己的经历和他们以前的知识结合起来，以决定什么时候努力最好，故选D。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：专家表示，决心很重要，在学习和生活成果中起着重要作用，比如学习成绩和情绪健康。A. determination决心；B. courage勇气；C. judgments评价；D. wisdom智慧。此处与下文的“persist(坚持)”呼应，指决心很重要，故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. environment环境；B. performance表现；C. education教育；D. management管理。根据上文“learning and life outcomes”可知，学校表现是学习成果的一种体现，故选B。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但坚持并不总是一个好主意，因为努力是一种有限的资源。A. natural天然的；B. public公众的；C. limited有限的；D. precious珍贵的。根据上文“But it is not always a good idea to persist”可知，坚持并不总是一个好主意，故此处是说明其弊端，“因为努力是一种有限的资源”符合语境，故选C。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，努力需要时间和精力。A. care照顾，关心；B. love爱；C. space空间；D. time时间。空处和“energy”并列，故指努力需要时间和精力，故选D。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：真正推动学习的是知道什么时候尝试，什么是最好的尝试方式。A. controls控制；B. involves包含，涉及；C. blocks阻碍；D. drives驱动。根据上文“Experts say ____16____ is important and plays a role in learning and life outcomes”可知，此处是谈论对于学习和生活成果起重要作用的因素，故此处指真正推动学习的是知道什么时候去尝试以及什么事最好的尝试方法，故选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分；满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sun Zhen chu, an 86-year-old man in 2022, who go this driver’s license in about a year, has surprised and inspired netizens in China not only because of his age.
The motivation behind Sun Zhen chu’s____41____(take) the driving tests is to care for his wife. Sun’s wife didn’t go out much after____42____operation. After the policy that people over 70 can apply ____43____a driver’s license was issued, Sun ____44____(immediate) became an elderly trainee at a local driver training school in Zhejiang Province and managed ____45____(pass) the four exams, receiving perfect scores on two of them. After getting his license in March, Sun bought an electric vehicle to take his wife shopping for groceries, to the hospital or sightseeing along the Qian tang River.
____46____astonished people most was Sun’s career—he was a specialist in nuclear weapons and made great____47____(contribute) to the nation. After graduation in 1964, Sun____48____(select) as one of the researchers to participate in China’s first atomic bomb test. After the successful test, he went to Beijing,____49____he continued to conduct research and testing for nuclear weapons for 32 years. He retired in 1995, but he did not stop learning new things.
In a speech he delivered at Zhejiang Gongs hang University in late June, he encouraged graduates to keep learning to standout in a _____50_____(compete) and challenging society.
【答案】41. taking
42. an 43. for
44. immediately
45. to pass
46. What 47. contributions
48. was selected
49. where 50. competitive
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国核武器专家孙振锄在八十多岁时拿到了驾照，他鼓励大学生们一直学习，立足社会。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：孙振锄参加驾照考试的动机是为了照顾他的妻子。所有格Sun Zhen chu’s后用动名词形式构成动名词复合结构，作宾语。故填taking。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：孙振锄的妻子在一次手术后很少外出。修饰名词operation，表示泛指，用不定冠词；operation发音为元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。
【43题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：70岁以上的人可以申请驾照的政策出台后，孙振锄立即成为浙江省当地一所驾驶培训学校的老年学员，并设法通过了四门考试，其中两门考试取得了满分。固定搭配：apply for，意为“申请得到……”。故填for。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：70岁以上的人可以申请驾照的政策出台后，孙振锄立即成为浙江省当地一所驾驶培训学校的老年学员，并设法通过了四门考试，其中两门考试取得了满分。修饰动词became用副词形式。故填immediately。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：70岁以上的人可以申请驾照的政策出台后，孙振锄立即成为浙江省当地一所驾驶培训学校的老年学员，并成功地通过了四门考试，其中两门考试取得了满分。manage to do sth.成功地做某事。动词不定式词担当manage的宾语。故填to pass。
【46题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：最让人吃惊的是孙振锄的职业生涯——他是核武器专家，为国家做出了巨大贡献。这里为主语从句的连接词，主语从句缺少主语，表示物，用what；出现在句首，首字母大写，故填What。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：最让人吃惊的是孙振锄的职业生涯——他是核武器专家，为国家做出了巨大贡献。根据空前的great可知，空处为名词形式；和make构成固定搭配：make great contributions to，意为“为……做出巨大贡献”。故填contributions。
【48题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：1964年毕业后，他被挑选为参加了中国第一次原子弹试验的研究人员之一。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“after graduation in 1964”可知，时态为一般过去时；主语为Sun，单数，和动词select之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was selected。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：试验成功后，他去了北京，在那里他继续进行了32年的核武器研究和试验。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为Beijing，在定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【50题详解】
考查形容词。句意：今年6月底，他在浙江航空大学发表演讲，鼓励毕业生们继续学习，在竞争激烈、充满挑战的社会中脱颖而出。根据and后的challenging可判断，空处为形容词，修饰名词society。故填competitive。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
51. 短文改错
After graduating from high school, I’m going to be computer programmer, which I think is on great demand in the modern world. Moreover, my parents would like me to study medicine. They believe here are two reasons for being a doctor. One is that doctors usually deal with patients in person, which mean they are able to help people in need direct. The other is that doctors are so important that it is almost impossible for it to lose jobs. Up to now I have chatted with my parents for three time. To my disappointment, I was failed to persuade them. Now I am confusing about how to solve the problem.
【答案】1.在computer前面加a
2.on→in
3.Moreover→However
4.here→there
5.mean→means
6.direct→directly
7.it→them
8.time→times
9.去掉was
10.confusing→confused


【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者高中毕业后想成为一名程序员。但是父母却想让他成为医生。作者试图说服他们，但是他没有成功。现在他对于怎样去解决这个问题感到很困惑。
【详解】1.考查冠词。句意：高中毕业后，我将成为一名计算机程序员，我认为这在现代世界是很有需求的。根据语境可知，作者想成为一名程序员，此处泛指“一个程序员”，所以需要不定冠词。computer为辅音音素开始的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故在computer前面加a。
2.考查介词。句意：高中毕业后，我将成为一名计算机程序员，我认为这在现代世界是很有需求的。 in great demand“需求量大”，为固定短语。故将on改成in。
3.考查副词。句意：然而，我的父母希望我学习医学。他们认为做医生有两个原因。根据语境可知，作者想做程序员，但是他的父母却想让他学医。所以前后句子为转折关系。故将Moreover改成However。
4.考查固定句型。句意：然而，我的父母希望我学习医学。他们认为做医生有两个原因。根据语境可知，本题考查There be句型，表示“某地有某物”。故将here改成there。
5.考查主谓一致。句意：一种是医生通常亲自与患者打交道，这意味着他们能够直接帮助有需要的人。which引导引导非限定性定语从句，修饰前面一整句话，在从句中作主语。从句的时态为一般现在时，所以定语从句的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故将mean改为means。
6.考查副词。句意：一种是医生通常亲自与患者打交道，这意味着他们能够直接帮助有需要的人。direct为形容词“直接的”，在该句话中修饰前面的动词，所以需要副词。故将direct改为directly。
7.考查代词。句意：另一个原因是医生非常重要，他们几乎不可能失业。本句话的主语为doctors，所以后面表达对于“医生们”来说不会失业。所以需要用them指代前文中出现的“doctors”。故将it改为them。
8.考查名词复数。句意：到目前为止，我已经和父母聊了三次了。time“次数”，为可数名词。根据前面的three可知，time需要复数形式。故将time改为times。
9.考查动词语态。句意：令我失望的是，我没能说服他们。fail to do sth.“没做成某事”，本句话为一般过去时态，主语和谓语动词之间为主动关系。故去掉was。
10.考查形容词。句意：现在我对如何解决这个问题感到困惑。confusing为形容词“令人困惑的”，一般表示某事或某物令人困惑。confused为形容词“感到困惑的”，一般表示某人感到困惑。本句话表明“我”感到困惑。故将confusing改为confused。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 今年春节是新冠（Covid-19）疫情 epidemic结束后的第一个春节，相比以往，春节发生了较大变化，就此你的美国笔友写信询问你，请你写封邮件回复Tom，描述今年春节，内容包括：
1. 发生的变化；2. 你是如何度过的春节；3. 联系变化，谈感受。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
Dear Tom,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Lihua
【答案】Dear Tom,
Knowing you are interested in the way we Chinese celebrated this year’s Spring Festival, I’m glad to share with you how it was different from that in previous years.
It was the first Spring Festival after the end of the epidemic of Covid-19. Many people chose to avoid large gatherings, so the city was relatively calm. As for me, I, along with my family, enjoyed a homemade feast and watched the Spring Festival Gala on TV. Instead of visiting relatives and friends in person, we relied on video calls and online platforms to connect with our loved ones. Overall, this year’s Spring Festival reminded us of the importance of family and the resilience of the human spirit.
I hope the information is helpful to you. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours
Lihua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就美国笔友Tom关心的新冠疫情结束后的第一个春节的巨大变化，回一封邮件，告知春节期间的变化，度过的春节的方式，并联系变化，谈感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
与……不同：be different from → differ from
许多：many → numerous
依赖某人做某事：rely on sb to do sth → depend on sb to do sth
拜访某人：visit sb → drop in on sb
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It was the first Spring Festival after the end of the epidemic of Covid-19.
拓展句：It was the first Spring Festival since the epidemic of Covid-19 ended.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing you are interested in the way we Chinese celebrated this year’s Spring Festival, I’m glad to share with you how it was different from previous years.（运用了现在分词作状语，省略关系词的限制性定语从句，动词不定式做原因状语，how引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】As for me, I, along with my family, enjoyed a homemade feast and watched the Spring Festival Gala on TV, during which we bonded and reflected on the past year.（运用了“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句）