2023高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题强化练十一词句猜测题__代词指代类

专题强化练（十一）　词句猜测题——代词指代类

A

（2022·南京市、盐城市高三第一次模拟考试）Virtual reality can improve the brain activity that may be crucial for learning，memory and even treating Alzheimer's disease，a study on rats has found.

After monitoring the rats' brain activity，researchers from the University of California Los Angeles discovered the electrical activity in a region known as the hippocampus neurons differed depending on whether the rats were placed in real­world or VR environments.The new findings are significant as the hippocampus is a primary driver of learning and memory in the brain.

When rats walk around in real life，the electrical activity in the hippocampus appears to synchronize（使同步）at a rate of eight heartbeats per second.Heartbeats at this frequency are generally known as“theta（Θ）waves”，with stronger Θ waves seeming to improve the brain's ability to learn and keep sensory information.When placed in a VR environment，the rats' Θ waves become stronger.

“It turns out that amazing things happen when the rats are in virtual reality，”said Prof Mayank Mehta from UCLA.The scientists also found that VR environments could change different electrical rhythms（节律）in different parts of the neurons，which indicates that scientists may be able to control human brain rhythms.

“This is a new technology that has great potential，”Mehta said.The study also indicates why VR may stimulate these unique brain waves.A big part of it，Mehta puts，may be down to the very different set of stimuli presented in VR.

Imagine that you're approaching a doorway in real life.Your eyes see the door getting larger.But how do you know that you're moving forward and the door isn't coming to you？The answer is that your brain uses information such as the acceleration of your head through space or the shift of weight from one foot to the other—information that may not be present during a VR experience.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究员将老鼠置于真实世界和虚拟现实环境中，监测老鼠的海马体神经元的脑电活动。研究员发现，虚拟现实环境能够增强对学习、记忆力甚至治愈老年痴呆症至关重要的脑部活动。

1.According to the passage，why are the new findings important？

A.VR's contributions to learning have finally been identified.

B.VR can affect the electrical activity in the hippocampus neurons.

C.VR produces the same effects on brains as real environments.

D.VR is likely to become another driver of learning and memory.

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，当老鼠在真实世界走动时，其海马体的电活动以每秒8个脉冲的速度同步活动，这个频率的心跳被称为Θ波。更强的Θ波似乎能提高大脑学习和保留感觉信息的能力，而在虚拟现实环境中，老鼠的Θ波变得更强。由此可见，新发现的重要性在于VR可以影响海马神经元的电活动。

答案：B

2.What can we learn about theta waves？

A.They don't respond to different brain rhythms.

B.They remain stable in different environments.

C.They affect how human perceive knowledge.

D.They have little to do with the rate of heartbeats.

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Heartbeats at this...keep sensory information”可知，此频率的心跳被称为“Θ波”，它可提高大脑的学习能力和保留感觉信息的能力。由此可推知，“Θ波”影响人类认知知识的程度。

答案：C

3.What does the underlined word“ it”in Paragraph 5 refer to？

A.The potential of the new technology.

B.The control of human brain rhythms.

C.The change in different parts of neurons.

D.The stimulation of the unique brain waves.

解析：代词指代题。根据第五段中的“The study also...unique brain waves”可知，这项研究还表明了为什么虚拟现实可能刺激这些独特的脑波。由此可推知，Mehta发现，一大部分“对脑波的刺激”可能依赖于虚拟现实中的刺激物。故it指代“对脑波的刺激”。

答案：D

4.How does the author introduce VR's different set of stimuli？

A.By conducting further tests on rats.

B.By comparing different environments.

C.By providing a detailed analysis.

D.By explaining the theory of VR.

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，在真实世界中，人的肉眼看到大门越来越大，知道自己是在向前走去，而非大门向自己走来。这种情况是靠人脑使用了头在空中的加速度信息，或者通过一只脚到另一只脚重量的转换信息。由此可推知，作者是通过比较不同的环境来介绍虚拟现实的不同刺激物。

答案：B

B

（2022·广东高三模拟）A top motor show opened on Tuesday with exhibitors displaying their latest innovations in electric cars in Munich，where Angela Merkel said the industry should be part of the solution to climate change.

At the opening ceremony of the 2021 International Motor Show Germany，Merkel talked about how the German auto industry was unwilling to go into the development of electric cars several years ago，and only regarded them as concept cars.She then talked about the huge progress toward electric cars in the last few years.“I am pleased that it is now unmistakable that the trend is toward electric cars，” said Merkel.She cautioned against focusing only on battery­powered cars，saying carmakers should also explore other available energy such as hydrogen.“The motor industry is not just part of the climate problem，but above everything else，a central part of the solution.”

According to the Digital Auto Report 2021，climate change has made a big difference to mobility worldwide.It found the majority of people are willing to change their personal mobility behaviour in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions（排放物），with 70 percent of respondents in Germany，97 percent in China and 52 percent in the United States in favour of reducing their carbon footprint.Switching to an electric vehicle is the preferred measure for achieving this goal in China and in the US，while Germans would like to do more walking or cycling.However，in light of the widespread virus，many people don't travel by bus or subway as usual.This provides great opportunities for the development of the motor industry.

Though industrial leaders are advertising their idea for electric cars and their sustainability，environmentalists are not happy with that.Local police had expected there would be 60，000 people on Saturday to protest against the show.On the opening day，activists were seen holding banners（横幅）and hanging them from bridges above motorways，with words“Stop driving climate change”.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕德国国际车展展开，以此来分析汽车行业的发展趋势、发展原因以及环保人士对此的看法。

5.What does Merkel expect the German motor industry to do？

A.Explore alternative energy sources.

B.Be aware of the function of concept cars.

C.Concentrate on battery­powered cars.

D.Be cautious about developing electric cars.

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She cautioned against focusing only on...explore other available energy such as hydrogen”可知，默克尔希望汽车行业不要只关注由电池驱动的汽车，也应该探索其他像氢气这样的可替代能源。

答案：A

6.What does“This”underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to？

A.The Chinese turning to electric cars.

B.The big mobility change in America.

C.The Germans' preference for cycling.

D.The low demand for public transport.

解析：代词指代题。根据第三段中的“However，in light of the widespread virus，many people don't travel by bus or subway as usual”可知，由于病毒，许多人都不像往常那样乘坐公共汽车或者地铁出行了，也就是说人们对公共交通的需求少了，这为汽车行为的发展提供了机遇。

答案：D

7.What is the environmentalists' attitude toward the development of electric cars？

A.Doubtful.　　　　　　　　 B.Cautious.

C.Unfavourable.   D.Positive.

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“environmentalists are not happy with that”和“activists were seen holding banners（横幅）...‘Stop driving climate change’”可知，环保主义者对电动汽车行业的发展持不赞成的态度。

答案：C

8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？

A.Climate Change Leads to Downward Mobility

B.German Motor Show Focuses on Clean Future

C.Climate Change Restructures the Motor Industry

D.German Motor Show Displays the Newest Models

解析：主旨大意题。文章首段介绍了在德国国际车展上，参展商展示了他们在电动汽车方面的最新发明。第二段引用默克尔在车展上的讲话，揭示了电动汽车的发展趋势，紧接着第三段作者分析了电动汽车发展的原因，最后一段介绍了环保人士对此的看法。

答案：B

C

Anyone wanting to help the poor may like this idea—recycling aluminum cans in a different way，which is apparently also good for the environment.So you're actually killing two birds with one stone.It goes without saying that recycling aluminum cans can save resources，energy，time and money.People usually save and place aluminum cans in the dustbins，which are then collected and taken away by cleaners，who will finally recycle them in the recycling centre.But if you save the aluminum cans，and skip the cleaners，you can save these same cans for something more important—helping the poor.In other words，by doing less，you are giving the environmental cause some new significance.

Here is how to put this idea into action.Take your aluminum cans and place them in a plastic bag.For the dirty ones，rinse them out first.Store the bag of clean aluminum cans.Once you collect about one hundred cans or more，take the cans to the recycle centre yourself.There are about eighteen aluminum cans in a pound.And you can receive three to four dollars for one hundred cans.Donate your three to four dollars to the poor or any charity organization of your choice.

By now，you may wonder if your few dollars have really made a difference to the poor.Consider this：Is there any individual or any specific event that is great enough to change the world or decide the direction that history takes？The answer is probably no.What if there were a lot of people who would do the same thing？History shows nothing but the collective will of the whole community.And that will surely be powerful enough to make a bigger difference.

Go to your community or your school and spread your idea.Share your idea and save your aluminum cans with other people.One hundred people can speak louder than one.And the money you make by saving cans can be multiplied by one hundred times.And if more people join in the cause around the world，an even larger difference can be made，and more people in need will enjoy the benefits.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何利用回收铝罐来帮助贫困者，并呼吁更多的人加入到这项事业中来。

9.What's special about the new idea？

A.It makes profits.

B.It saves resources.

C.It benefits the poor.

D.It involves cleaners.

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，通过回收铝罐来帮助贫困者的这一新想法的特别之处是它使贫困者受益。

答案：C

10.What can we infer from Paragraph 2？

A.Dirty cans do not sell well.

B.You decide who receives the money.

C.A hundred cans weigh about 3 pounds.

D.The recycle centre is conveniently located.

解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容尤其是最后一句可推知，你可以决定捐款的对象，即可以决定谁会收到（你捐出的）这笔钱。

答案：B

11.What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 3 probably refer to？

A.A great individual or event.

B.The direction history takes.

C.The collective will of people.

D.The neighbourhood you live in.

解析：代词指代题。根据第三段最后两句可知，历史体现的只是整个社会的群体意志。而那必将足够强大到（对社会）产生更大的影响。由此可推知，that指代人们的群体意志，与C项意思相符。

答案：C

12.Which of the following does the writer want to tell us？

A.Many hands make light work.

B.Kill two birds with one stone.

C.Don't put the cart before the horse.

D.No man can do two things at once.

解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段最后一句可推知，这项事业需要更多的人加入进来以提供帮助。由此可推知，作者旨在通过本文告诉我们“众人拾柴火焰高”。

答案：A