北京市顺义区2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份北京市顺义区2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期末试题（Word版附解析），共20页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

顺义区2023届高三第一次统练
英语试卷
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In December 2004, I had just become a professional photographer and was working on a project about communities who live on the sea.
One morning, I went out to ___1___ with six fishermen in a small boat. It was about 8 am, and the sea looked different. The water was totally still.
20 minutes later, one fisherman pointed to a small white ___2___ far in the distance. It was getting bigger and bigger very quickly. A tsunami(海啸)wave was ___3___ through the ocean! We were stuck. I began to feel really ___4___. Then the captain took control. He told us where to sit, so we would ___5___ the boat. My camera was in my backpack. I wanted to picture the scene, but I couldn’t. Any movement would imbalance the boat. Suddenly there was a huge noise. The wave ___6___ the boat, but the incredibly ___7___ captain managed to swerve(使突然转向)us up and onto the wave. We surfed it for a few seconds. Then the boat glided(滑行)from the tip of the wave down into safe waters. Everyone let out heavy sighs. The captain had ___8___ us all.
Surviving gave me a deep understanding of how ___9___ life can be. The picture I wanted to take on the boat remains “the one that got away” - I think every photographer has one. But mine ____10____ my life.
1. A. sea B. breakfast C. exercise D. beaches
2. A. ship B. bird C. star D. spot
3. A. squeezing B. swinging C. speeding D. breaking
4. A. puzzled B. scared C. disappointed D. interested
5. A. abandon B. repair C. board D. balance
6. A. hit B. destroyed C. missed D. overturned
7. A. skilled B. proud C. hopeless D. violent
8. A. left B. saved C. corrected D. cheated
9. A. fair B. happy C. short D. positive
10. A. took B. showed C. entered D. changed
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述的是作者的一次海上航行，偶遇暴风雨，让作者感受到生命的短暂，由此改变了对生活的态度。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，我和六个渔夫一起坐一条小船出海。A. sea大海；B. breakfast早餐；C. exercise锻炼；D. beaches海滩。根据前文“I had just become a professional photographer and was working on a project about communities who live on the sea.”可知，作者刚成为一名专业摄影师的时候，正在拍摄一个关于生活在海上的社区的项目，故此处表示和六个渔夫坐船出海。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：20分钟后，一名渔民指着远处的一个小白点。A. ship船只；B. bird鸟；C. star星星；D. spot点。根据后文“It was getting bigger and bigger very quickly.”可知，一名渔民指着远处的一个小白点，它很快变得越来越大。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一场海啸正在海洋中快速移动！A. squeezing挤；B. swinging摇晃；C. speeding快速移动；D. breaking打破。根据后文“We were stuck.”可知，海浪的速度飞快，在海洋中疾驰。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始感到非常害怕。A. puzzled困惑的；B. scared害怕的；C. disappointed失望的；D. interested感兴趣的。根据前文“We were stuck.”可知，作者一行遭遇了海啸，被困住了，根据常识可推断作者感到非常害怕。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我们坐在哪里，这样我们就能使船保持平衡。A. abandon抛弃；B. repair修理；C. board登陆；D. balance平衡。根据前文“where to sit”可知，此处表示船长告诉作者和其他人坐在原地，这样保持船的平衡。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：波浪击中了小船，但熟练的船长设法使我们转向，使我们上了浪头。A. hit击中；B. destroyed破坏；C. missed错过；D. overturned推翻。根据后文“but the incredibly ___7___ captain managed to swerve(使突然转向)us up and onto the wave.”可知，船长让船转向行驶到海浪之上，因此可知海浪击中了小船。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. skilled熟练的；B. proud骄傲的；C. hopeless绝望的；D. violent暴力的。根据后文的“managed to swerve(使突然转向)us up and onto the wave.”可知，船长熟练地将船只转变方向，冲到了海浪上。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：船长救了我们所有人。A. left离开；B. saved拯救；C. corrected纠正；D. cheated欺骗。根据前文“Everyone let out heavy sighs.”可知，每个人都长舒了一口气，可推断船长拯救了我们。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生存让我深刻地认识到生命是多么短暂。A. fair公平的；B. happy高兴的；C. short短的；D. positive积极的。根据前文的“Surviving”可知，作者在生死关头认识到生命是多么的短暂。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我的照片改变了我的生活。A. took带走；B. showed展示；C. entered进入；D. changed改变。根据前文“Surviving gave me a deep understanding of how ___9___ life can be.”可知，作者在生死关头拍下的照片让作者意识到生命是多么的短暂，由此改变了作者对生活的认识。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On May 17, a young girl ____11____(take) a pack of snacks to a self-service counter at a new concept convenience store. The concept store is part of the “know your food” campaign of the UNICEF, ____12____ aims to empower people to make healthy and informed choices about their diet. After scanning her item, the girl realized she would have to climb 70 floors ____13____(burn) off the calories. Though unwillingly, she gave up the snacks.
【答案】11. took##was taking
12. which 13. to burn
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了一个女孩联合国儿童基金会“了解你的食物”运动的一家商店购物的经历。
【11题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：5月17日，一个小女孩拿着一包零食来到一家新概念便利店的自助服务台。分析句子可知，take是谓语动词，由时间状语On May 17可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，也可以表示过去正在进行的动作用过去进行时，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填took/was taking。
【12题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这家概念店是联合国儿童基金会“了解你的食物”运动的一部分，该运动旨在使人们能够对自己的饮食做出健康和知情的选择。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰campaign，从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which，故填which。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：扫描完她的商品后，女孩意识到她必须爬70层楼才能燃烧掉卡路里。尽管不情愿，她还是放弃了零食。分析句子可知，此处为目的状语，用不定式形式，故填to burn。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Research shows that individuals who sit all day, even if they go to the gym for an hour, are at ____14____(great) disease risk than those who are more active during the day. Informal activity such as ____15____(walk) is beneficial to overall health. While there is no ____16____(publish) recommendation for “safe” sitting time yet, a good rule of thumb is to move for at least 1 to 2 minutes each hour of sitting.
【答案】14. greater
15. walking
16. published
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是久坐不利于健康，好的方法是每坐一小时至少运动1到2分钟。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：研究表明，那些整天坐着的人，即使他们去健身房锻炼一个小时，也比那些白天更活跃的人有更高的疾病风险。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，句中than为比较级的标志，故使用great的比较级greater。故填greater。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：散步等非正式的活动对整体健康有益。分析句子，设空处使用walk的动名词walking作such as 的宾语。故填walking。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然目前还没有发表过关于“安全”坐着时间的建议，但一个好的经验法则是每坐一小时至少运动1到2分钟。分析句子，设空处使用过去分词作定语修饰recommendation，此处publish意为“发表”，其过去分词为published，其与recommendation之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填published。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Usually, stress is seen as being bad, but this is not always true. Eustress(积极压力)is the positive term for stress. It ____17____(relate) to well-being and positive attitudes. Eustress occurs when the gap between what one has and what one wants is ____18____(slight) pushed. Eustress creates a better environment for people, which ____19____(make) them perform better and cost less. Therefore, Eustress is necessary ____20____ achievement.
【答案】17. is related
18. slightly
19. makes 20. for
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是积极压力的重要性。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：它与幸福和积极的态度有关。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。句中be related to为固定短语，意为“与……有关”。故填is related。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：当一个人所拥有的和想要的之间的差距被略微拉大时，就会出现“良性压力”。分析句子，设空处使用slight的副词slightly作状语，意为“稍微地”。故填slightly。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：良性压力为人们创造了一个更好的环境，使他们表现得更好，成本更低。分析句子，设空处使用动词作which引导定语从句的谓语动词，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。which指代前文的environment，为单数。故填makes。
【20题详解】
考查介词。句意：因此，积极压力对于取得成就是必要的。句中be necessary for为固定短语，意为“对……是有必要的”。故填for。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Are you a recent graduate? Do you have passion for helping others? Are you looking for a solid work experience in a multicultural environment? If so, you may be interested in the World Bank’s Junior Professional Associate (JPA) program.
The JPA program is a unique opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience and first-hand exposure to the challenges-and rewards-of international development. In your JPA assignment, you’ll work with more senior workmates and project teams on reducing poverty.
What are we looking for?
You should be 28 years of age or younger. Your academic achievements are superior. Your analytical and research skills extend to areas of specialization such as: economics, finance, human development, social sciences, agriculture, environment, etc. An equivalent of a bachelor’s(学士)degree is the minimum.
You are fluent in English and, preferably, in at least one other bank language (Chinese, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, or Portuguese). You love technology and integrate it in your work.
What are we offering you?
We will provide you with the opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience in a premier development institution, on a two-year contract with benefits. Since this program is highly competitive, applicants may be asked to submit academic records as well as references. The World Bank will contact only those whom hiring managers wish to interview. Positions may be located in any of the World Bank’s offices across the world.
How to apply?
Interested candidates may apply online. Please note that applications will be kept active in our database for a period of six months. Should you still be interested in JPA program after six months, you will need to re-apply.
21. The JPA program helps the young ______.
A. graduate with high honors
B. find solid and well-paid jobs
C. get entry-level work experience
D. challenge their senior workmates
22. What is necessary to be qualified for the JPA program?
A. Age 28 or under.
B. Superb technology skills.
C Having a master’s degree.
D. Fluency in English and Latin.
23. What will the World Bank offer?
A. A two-year contract with welfare.
B. Interviews with general managers.
C. Positions in applicants’ hometowns.
D. Analytical and research skills training.
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍JPA项目招聘要求，项目提供的内容和如何申请加入JPA项目。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The JPA program is a unique opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience and first-hand exposure to the challenges-and rewards-of international development. (JPA项目是一个独特的机会，可以获得入门级的专业经验，并直接接触国际开发的挑战和回报。)”可知，JPA项目可以帮助年轻人获得入门级工作经验。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据What are we looking for?中的“You should be 28 years of age or younger.(你的年龄应该在28岁或以下。)” 可知获得JPA项目资格的必要条件是年龄要在28岁或以下，故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据What are we offering you? 中的“We will provide you with the opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience in a premier development institution, on a two-year contract with benefits.(我们将为您提供在一流开发机构获得入门级专业经验的机会，合同为期两年，并附带福利。)”可知世界银行将提供一份为期两年的合同并附带福利。故选A。
B
Orly Wahba is an educator, speaker, entrepreneur (企业家), author and community activist passionate about inspiring and motivating people to be the best that they can be.
As a young child, listening repeatedly to the song, “Heal the World” by Michael Jackson, Orly knew that she wanted to leave her mark and she wanted more than anything to bring people together under the name of peace, respect, and love. Since her teenage years, Orly has worked extensively with tweens and teens as well as local charities in her community providing a helping hand for those who need it most.
Orly began her career in kindness as a middle school educator at the Yeshivah of Flatbush in Brooklyn, NY, teaching the children to use the power they have to influence the world for good. With 8,000 cards, she started a wave of pay-it-forward kindness. Each card contained an act of kindness that once completed, would be passed onto another person. Her project succeeded, enhancing the lives of her students and raising their sense of self-worth as they saw their direct hand in causing a ripple (涟漪) effect. Even now, people may encounter Orly giving out her famed Acts of Kindness Cards on the subway.

Desiring to make a larger impact with her beneficent work and after having been inspired by a small sign on a plane labeled “Life Vest Inside”, Orly founded (2011) Life Vest Inside, a non-profit organization with a mission to encourage people to embrace (拥抱) the incredible power of giving and recognize that in times of hardship, kindness, like a life vest, keeps the world afloat (漂浮).
LVI shot to national attention when Orly’s short film Kindness Boomerang went viral, receiving more than 100 million views and coverage in media such as The TODAY Show, NBC, CBS, ADWEEK, International Business Times and more. In 2013 Orly was invited to speak at TED.
The magic that Orly spreads is undeniable! Through LVI, kind happenings are becoming more frequent. And more people are experiencing the addictiveness in the giving of kindness.
24. How did the song “Heal the World” influence Orly?
A. She wanted to become an entrepreneur.
B She decided to make a difference to the world.
C. She managed to raise money for local charities.
D. She started to work for a peace organization.
25. The Act of Kindness Cards project ______.
A. teaches people to play cards
B. remains a campus campaign
C. uses the power of an educator
D. encourages people to pass kindness
26. What inspired Orly to establish “Life Vest Inside”?
A. A small sign on a plane.
B. A non-profit organization.
C. A life vest in a flight accident.
D. A sudden recognition of hardship.
27. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. More people become addictive to magic.
B. Orly achieves amazing success in film career.
C. More people are inspired to show kindness to others.
D. Orly receives international awards for her contribution.
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了主人公Orly通过自己的行动创建了爱心组织，从而影响他人和整个世界。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“As a young child, listening repeatedly to the song, “Heal the World” by Michael Jackson, Orly knew that she wanted to leave her mark and she wanted more than anything to bring people together under the name of peace, respect, and love. (小时候，反复听迈克尔·杰克逊的《Heal the World》这首歌，Orly知道她想留下自己的印记，她最想要的是以和平、尊重和爱的名义把人们团结在一起。)”可知，Orly深受《Heal the World》这首歌的影响，让她知道自己决定改变世界。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“With 8,000 cards, she started a wave of pay-it-forward kindness. Each card contained an act of kindness that once completed, would be passed onto another person. (有了8000张卡片，她掀起了一股“传递爱心”的浪潮。每张卡片都包含一个善举，一旦完成，就会传递给另一个人。)”可知，善举卡片项目的目的是鼓励人们传递善意。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Desiring to make a larger impact with her beneficent work and after having been inspired by a small sign on a plane labeled ‘Life Vest Inside’, Orly founded (2011) Life Vest Inside (Orly希望通过她的慈善工作产生更大的影响，并受到飞机上一个写着“Life Vest Inside”的小标志的启发，创办了Life Vest Inside(2011)。)”可知，飞机上的一个小标签启发她创建了该组织。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The magic that Orly spreads is undeniable! Through LVI, kind happenings are becoming more frequent. And more people are experiencing the addictiveness in the giving of kindness.(Orly传播的魔力是不可否认的！通过LVI，善意的事情变得越来越频繁。越来越多的人正在经历对给予善意的上瘾。)”可知，在Orly的鼓舞下，越来越多的人愿意向他人展示和表达善意。故选C。
C
For astronomers who are sighted, the Universe is full of visual wonders. From shimmering planets to shinning galaxies(星系), the universe is impressively beautiful. But those who are visually impaired cannot share that experience. So astronomers have been developing alternative ways to convey(传递)scientific information.
Recently, the journal Nature Astronomy published the latest in a series of articles on the use of sonification in astronomy. Sonification describes the change of data into digital audio(声音)files, which allows them to be heard, as well as read and seen.
In August, Kimberly Arcand, a data-visualization expert and science communicator at the Center for Astrophysics and others transformed some of the first images of the black hole at the centre of the Perseus cluster from the James Webb Space Telescope into sound. They worked under the guidance of people who are blind to map the intensity and colours of light in the headline-grabbing pictures into audio. The sonification of an image of gas and dust in a distant nebula(星云), for instance, uses loud high-frequency sounds to represent bright light near the top of the image, but lower-frequency loud sounds to represent bright light near the image’s centre. The black hole sonification translates data on sound waves travelling through space-created by the black hole’s impact on the hot gas that surrounds it-into the range of human hearing.
Scientists in other fields have also experimented with data sonification. Some have explored whether it can help with discovering Alzheimer’s disease from brain scans. Sound has even been used to describe ecological shifts caused by climate change in an Alaskan forest, with researchers assigning various musical instruments to different tree species.
In the long run, such approaches need to be strictly evaluated to determine what they can offer that other techniques cannot. For all the technical accuracy displayed in individual projects, the Nature Astronomy series points out that there are no universally accepted standards for sonifying scientific data, and little published work that evaluates its effectiveness.
28. What does the underlined word “impaired” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?
A. Appealing. B. Damaged. C. Directed. D. Impressive.
29. The examples in Paragraph 4 are intended to ______.
A. show the widespread use of sonification
B. introduce the common process of sonification
C. provide people with the cure for particular diseases
D. improve the application of sonification to more fields
30. As for sonification which would the author agree with?
A. The use of sonification helps to analyze data effectively.
B. The standardization of sonification has yet to be achieved.
C. Sonification can transform some data that other techniques cannot.
D. Lower-frequency sounds show bright light near the top of the image.
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是超声技术在实践中的应用以及当前存在的问题。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前文“For astronomers who are sighted, the Universe is full of visual wonders. From shimmering planets to shinning galaxies(星系), the universe is impressively beautiful. (对于视觉正常的天文学家来说，宇宙充满了视觉奇迹。从闪烁的行星到闪耀的星系，宇宙是令人印象深刻的美丽。)”，以及划线词句中的“but”可知，本句与前句构成了转折关系，前面讲述的对于视觉正常的天文学家来说，宇宙充满了视觉奇迹，后文应该指出对于那些视力损伤的人则不能享受此经历。故划线词impaired与B选项damaged为同义词，意为“损坏”。故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Scientists in other fields have also experimented with data sonification.(其他领域的科学家也对数据声波化进行了试验。)”可知，本段中的例子主要阐述的是科学家对数据声波化进行的试验，表明超声波的广泛应用。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For all the technical accuracy displayed in individual projects, the Nature Astronomy series points out that there are no universally accepted standards for sonifying scientific data, and little published work that evaluates its effectiveness.(《自然-天文学》系列指出，对于个别项目中显示的所有技术精度，没有普遍接受的超声科学数据的标准，很少有发表的工作评估其有效性。)”可知，当前，还没有普遍接受的超声科学数据的标准，即超声技术的标准化还有待实现。故选B。
D
Clothes were once used until they fell apart-repaired and sewed to be re-used, ending their lives as dishcloths. Not today. Clothing, footwear and upholstered furniture are increasingly frequently bought, thrown away and replaced with new fashions, which are themselves soon abandoned and replaced.
‘Fast fashion’ is so called partly because the fashion industry now releases new lines every week, when historically this happened four times a year. Today, fashion brands(品牌)produce almost twice the amount of clothing that they did in 2000. But incredibly, more than 50 billion clothes are deserted within a year of being made.
The trend is having an astonishing environmental impact. Take water. The fashion industry, one of the world’s largest users of water, consumes anywhere from 20 trillion to 200 trillion litres every year. Besides, plastic fibres are released when we wash polyester(聚酯纤维)and other polymer-based textiles(纺织物), and make up between 20% and 35% of the microplastics choking the oceans. Added to this are specific chemicals used to make fabrics dirt resistant and the pesticides required to protect crops such as cotton.
Change is badly needed, but will require the fashion industry to work harder to embrace more of what is known as the circular economy. That will involve at least two things: refocusing on making things that last, and so encouraging reuse; and more rapidly expanding the technologies for sustainable manufacturing(制造)processes, especially recycling. There is work to be done for researchers on improving and expanding textiles recycling. Most used textiles go to landfill(废物填埋场), in part because there are relatively few systems that collect, recycle and reuse materials. Such recycling requires the manual separation of fibres, as well as buttons and zips. Different fibres are not easy to identify by eye, and overall such manual processes are time-consuming. Machinery is being developed that can help. Technologies also exist to recycle used fibres chemically and to create high-quality fibres that can be reused in clothing. But these are nowhere near the scale(规模)needed. Another challenge for researchers is to work out how to get consumers and manufacturers to change their behaviour.
Small steps are good, but big changes are needed. The shameful environmental cost of a new cupboard needs to be tackled immediately, at scale, with style.
31. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. Clothes should be used until they fall apart.
B. Fashion brands are replaced with new ones frequently.
C. Fast fashion leads to a significant increase in fashion waste.
D. Fashion brands produce twice more clothing than necessary.
32. According to the author, what does the circular economy focus on?
A. Improving the production of natural textiles.
B. Studying how fast fashion affects the environment.
C. Releasing new lines four times a year instead of every week.
D. Making durable things and expanding the technologies for recycling.
33. What can you infer from the passage?
A. Consumers are fond of chemically recycled fibres.
B. Systems that collect, recycle and reuse are insufficient.
C. Manual separation of fibres is preferred by manufacturers.
D. Environment damage is mainly caused by using chemicals.
34. What does the author think of the future of fashion industry?
A. Big changes are needed to follow fashion styles.
B. Huge steps should be taken for the needs of consumers.
C. More should be done to deal with the heavy environmental cost.
D. Consumers and manufacturers will change their behaviour immediately.
【答案】31. C 32. D 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“快时尚”潮流给环境所带来的危害，以及研究人员为了避免环境危害尝试的措施。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Clothing, footwear and upholstered furniture are increasingly frequently bought, thrown away and replaced with new fashions, which are themselves soon abandoned and replaced.(人们越来越频繁地购买衣服、鞋类和软垫家具，然后扔掉，换上新的时装，而这些时装本身很快又被抛弃和替换。)”以及第二段中“Today, fashion brands(品牌)produce almost twice the amount of clothing that they did in 2000. But incredibly, more than 50 billion clothes are deserted within a year of being made.( 如今，时尚品牌的服装产量几乎是2000年的两倍。但令人难以置信的是，超过500亿件衣服在制作完成后的一年内被丢弃。)”可以推断，快时尚导致时尚浪费的显著增加。故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“That will involve at least two things: refocusing on making things that last, and so encouraging reuse; and more rapidly expanding the technologies for sustainable manufacturing(制造)processes, especially recycling.( 这至少涉及两件事：重新专注于制造耐用的物品，从而鼓励重复使用；并更迅速地扩展可持续制造过程的技术，特别是回收利用。)”可知，循环经济注重的是制造耐用的物品，从而鼓励重复使用；并更迅速地扩展可持续制造过程的技术，故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ Most used textiles go to landfill(废物填埋场), in part because there are relatively few systems that collect, recycle and reuse materials. Such recycling requires the manual separation of fibres, as well as buttons and zips. (大多数用过的纺织品都被扔进了垃圾填埋场，部分原因是收集、回收和再利用材料的系统相对较少。这种回收需要手工分离纤维，以及纽扣和拉链。)”可知，大多数用过的纺织品都被扔进了垃圾填埋场，部分原因是收集、回收和再利用材料的系统相对较少。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Small steps are good, but big changes are needed. The shameful environmental cost of a new cupboard needs to be tackled immediately, at scale, with style.( 一小步是好的，但大的改变是必要的。快时尚所带来的令人羞耻的环境成本需要立即大规模、有格调地加以解决。)”可知，就长远来看，我们需要做出大的改变是十分必要的，因此人类应该采取更多措施来应对“快时尚”所带来的沉重的环境代价。故选C。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Late-night eating has long been connected to a higher risk for obesity or overweight, which can pose all kinds of risks to your heart.
____35____ A recent study found that when meals are delayed by four hours — say eating at 10:30 PM rather than 6:30 PM and keeping all other lifestyle factors the same, people burn fewer calories, have stronger appetite, and experience changes in fat tissue that promote weight gain, according to the study’s author.
The study was rather small, featuring only 16 overweight or obese people. ____36____ In the weeks before, they maintained a regular sleep schedule and stuck to identical diets and meal times at home. Each participant reported on their hunger and appetite, and provided data needed. Besides feeling hungrier, burning fewer calories, and showing changes in fat tissue, late eating also impacted the hunger-regulating hermones (荷尔蒙) ghrelin and leptin. Ghrelin is the hormone that tells you when to eat, while leptin tells you when you’ve had enough. ____37____
The solution may be relatively simple. Keeping your eating schedule in line with your body’s natural clock makes sense. ____38____ It can minimize weight gain and reduce the risk for high blood pressure and other heart disease risk factors. Besides, try eating a big breakfast, slightly smaller lunch, and small dinner with healthy snacks throughout the day. ____39____ So pay attention to portion (食物的一份) sizes and what you’re eating.
A. Of course, not everyone’s natural body clock is the same.
B. Researchers may have learned why meal timing could impact fat gain.
C. A survey has revealed that a growing number of people are overweight.
D. They each stuck to a strict early or late meal schedule for one day in a lab.
E. Remember, what you eat and how much is likely more important than when.
F. Eating more early in the day and less as it progresses may be the best strategy.
G. The study found that leptin dropped by 16 percent when people delayed their meals.
【答案】35. B 36. D 37. G 38. F 39. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了吃饭的时间会影响食欲和体重，并提出相关建议。
【35题详解】
下文“ A recent study found that when meals are delayed by four hours — say eating at 10:30 PM rather than 6:30 PM and keeping all other lifestyle factors the same, people burn fewer calories, have stronger appetite, and experience changes in fat tissue that promote weight gain, according to the study’s author.(最近的一项研究发现，如果吃饭时间推迟了4个小时——比如在晚上10点半吃饭，而不是6点半，并且保持其他生活方式不变，根据该研究的作者所说，人们燃烧的卡路里会更少，食欲会更强，脂肪组织的变化会促进体重增加。)”通过举例来说明用餐时间所产生的影响，是对B选项“Researchers may have learned why meal timing could impact fat gain.(研究人员可能已经了解了为什么用餐时间会影响脂肪的增加。)”中研究成果的阐述，说明了用餐时间如何导致脂肪的增加，上下文语意连贯。故选B。
【36题详解】
下文“In the weeks before, they maintained a regular sleep schedule and stuck to identical diets and meal times at home. (在此之前的几周里，他们保持着规律的睡眠时间表，在家里坚持相同的饮食和用餐时间。)”提到实验对象在实验前几周的准备工作，根据句中时间状语“In the weeks before”可推知，上文设空处应介绍实验当日的情况，D选项“They each stuck to a strict early or late meal schedule for one day in a lab.(在实验室里，他们每个人都严格遵守早或晚的用餐时间表。)”符合语境。故选D。
【37题详解】
上文“Ghrelin is the hormone that tells you when to eat, while leptin tells you when you’ve had enough. (胃饥饿素是一种告诉你什么时候该吃东西的激素，而瘦素告诉你什么时候吃饱了。)”提出饿素和瘦素的作用。G选项“The study found that leptin dropped by 16 percent when people delayed their meals.(研究发现，当人们推迟吃饭时，瘦素水平会下降16%。)”中说明推迟吃饭会导致瘦素水平下降，会让人多吃东西，上下文语意连贯，句中“leptin”是关键词。故选G。
【38题详解】
上文“Keeping your eating schedule in line with your body’s natural clock makes sense. (让你的饮食计划与你身体的生物钟保持一致是有意义的)”提出让饮食计划与生物钟保持一致，F选项“Eating more early in the day and less as it progresses may be the best strategy.(早上多吃点，随着时间发展少吃点可能是最好的策略。)”给出具体建议，即早上多吃，后面少吃，下文“It can minimize weight gain and reduce the risk for high blood pressure and other heart disease risk factors. (它可以最大限度地减少体重增加，降低患高血压和其他心脏病风险因素的风险。)”说明这样做的好处。上下文语意连贯。故选F。
【39题详解】
根据下文的“So pay attention to portion (食物的一份) sizes and what you’re eating.(所以要注意食物的分量和你吃的东西。)”中“So”可知，上下文之间是因果关系，E选项“Remember, what you eat and how much is likely more important than when.( 记住，你吃什么和吃多少可能比什么时候吃更重要。)”指出吃什么和吃多少更重要，与下文构成因果关系，句中“what you eat and how much”与下文“portion (食物的一份) sizes and what you’re eating”相照应，上下文语意连贯。故选E。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Ghanim Al-Muftah, 2022 Qatar World Cup Ambassador(大使), was born on May 5, 2002, with a rare condition known as Caudal Regression Syndrome, which causes its patients to be born without the lower half of the body.
Naturally, one would expect him to use a wheelchair, but he insists on moving around on his hands because he believes that he should make use of everything with which he is blessed rather than focus on what he doesn’t have.
While Ghanim was growing up, he found it difficult to attend school initially because his classmates played jokes on him. Nevertheless, his mom encouraged him to speak to these classmates, teach them about his condition, and raise awareness for the community. Ghanim has gone further at accepting his condition.
Ghanim has overcome all kinds of difficulties in his life, yet, there is still one issue Ghanim must continually deal with-many medical treatments and surgery. Despite these routine medical treatments, he knows that with faith, commitment and hard work he will be free to accomplish his ambitions. Ghanim refused to let his condition stop his thirst for life and took on various sports-tackling everything from scuba diving, rock climbing to skateboarding. It is this exemplary take and attitudes towards life that have earned him the love, respect, and admiration of millions of people in Qatar and across the globe.
Currently in university studying political science, Al Muftah hopes to become a diplomat one day. He is also a major social media star, with millions of followers on social media. And he spoke about his future ambitions on the university’s website, saying, “I hope to help raise public awareness on disability rights; foster respect for disabled persons and through the process promote more inclusive and tolerant societies.”
40. Why does Ghanim insist on walking with his hands instead of using a wheelchair?
_________________________________________________________
41. What problem does Ghanim have to handle continually?
_________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ghanim believes he will accomplish his ambitions through taking on a range of sports and speaking out on social media.
_________________________________________________________
43. While Ghanim has earned respect of people across the globe, how do you earn respect of people around you? (In about 40 words)
_________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Because he believes that he should make use of what he is blessed with instead of what he lacks.
41. Many medical treatments and surgery.
42. Ghanim believes he will accomplish his ambitions through taking on a range of sports and speaking out on social media. Because Ghanim believes he will accomplish his ambitions with faith, commitment and hard work./ Ghanim knows that with faith, commitment and hard work he will be free to accomplish his ambitions.
43. Honest with others, never telling lies , knowing how to care for others and be modest to others are important. As long as we abide by the above mentioned, we will find it easy to be respected by others.

【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是2022年卡塔尔世界杯形象大使Ghanim Al-Muftah的个人故事。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据第二段中“Naturally, one would expect him to use a wheelchair, but he insists on moving around on his hands because he believes that he should make use of everything with which he is blessed rather than focus on what he doesn’t have.(自然地，人们会认为他使用轮椅，但他坚持用手走动，因为他认为他应该利用他有幸拥有的一切，而不是专注于他没有的东西。)”可知，他之所以坚持用手走动，是因为他认为他应该利用他所拥有的一切，而不是专注于他没有的东西。故答案为Because he believes that he should make use of what he is blessed with instead of what he lacks。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ghanim has overcome all kinds of difficulties in his life, yet, there is still one issue Ghanim must continually deal with-many medical treatments and surgery. (Ghanim已经克服了生活中的各种困难，但仍有一个问题是Ghanim必须不断面对的——多次治疗和手术。)”可知，Ghanim必须不断面对多次的治疗和手术。故答案为Many medical treatments and surgery。
【42题详解】
考查细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Despite these routine medical treatments, he knows that with faith, commitment and hard work he will be free to accomplish his ambitions. (尽管有这些常规的医疗治疗，他知道只要有信念、承诺和努力工作，他就可以自由地实现他的雄心壮志。)”可知，题干中“Ghanim believes he will accomplish his ambitions through taking on a range of sports and speaking out on social media.( Ghanim相信，他将通过参与一系列运动并在社交媒体上发表言论来实现自己的雄心。)”中的“他将通过参与一系列运动并在社交媒体上发表言论来实现自己的雄心”为错误部分，他认为只要有信念、承诺和努力工作，他就可以自由地实现他的雄心壮志。原文要求对错误句子进行下划线标注，故答案为Ghanim believes he will accomplish his ambitions through taking on a range of sports and speaking out on social media. Because Ghanim believes he will accomplish his ambitions with faith, commitment and hard work. / Ghanim knows that with faith, commitment and hard work he will be free to accomplish his ambitions。
【43题详解】
开放式题目考查。根据题干要求“While Ghanim has earned respect of people across the globe, how do you earn respect of people around you?( Ghanim赢得了全世界人民尊重，你如何赢得周围人的尊重呢？)”可知，题干根据实际要求回答如何赢得周围人的尊敬，回答合理即可。在日常生活中，获得他人尊重需要做到诚实、谦虚和体贴他人。故参考答案为：Honest with others, never telling lies , knowing how to care for others and be modest to others are important. As long as we abide by the above mentioned, we will find it easy to be respected by others。
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英国交换生Jim对中国文化非常感兴趣，他希望你推荐一件他在寒假里可以做的事情，便于他更好地了解中国文化。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.你推荐他做的事情;
2.你的理由。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Hearing that you are interested in Chinese traditional culture, I recommend you to read Chinese classical literature which can help you have a better understanding of Chinese traditional culture. Here are my specific suggestions.
First, you can read the four great classics. I know this is very difficult for you, but you can read them by consulting a dictionary or a book. In the process of reading, you will not only improve your Chinese level, but also gain more knowledge. In addition, you can also watch the ancient TV series to understand the specific plots, so that you can more fully feel the Chinese classical literature.
These are my suggestions. I hope they will be helpful to you. If you don’t understand any details, you can always write to me. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封信，建议他在寒假里做一件事，以便于他更好的了解中国文化。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：recommend→suggest
首先：first→first of all
此外：in addition→what’s more
希望：hope→expect
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Hearing that you are interested in Chinese traditional culture, I recommend you to read Chinese classical literature which can help you have a better understanding of Chinese traditional culture.
拓展句：Because I hear that you are interested in Chinese traditional culture, I recommend you to read Chinese classical literature which can help you have a better understanding of Chinese traditional culture.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 I know this is very difficult for you, but you can read them by consulting a dictionary or a book. In the process of reading, you will not only improve your Chinese level, but also gain more knowledge. （运用了not only…but also…固定句型）
【高分句型2】In addition, you can also watch the ancient TV series to understand the specific plots, so that you can more fully feel the Chinese classical literature.（运用了so that引导状语从句）