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【备战2024年高考】（全国通用）英语 06 阅读理解突破之细节理解题 试卷
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阅读理解突破之细节理解题
一、高考命题取向
阅读理解的文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节理解对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。细节题在高考阅读理解中出现频率很高。高考英语阅读理解题的细节题考点可能源自于段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内或段落间综合信息理解。考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式等，议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。
近3年全国高考细节理解题题量统计
年份
卷名
2020
2021
2022
新高考I卷
8
8
6
全国卷I（乙卷）
8
5
7
全国卷II（甲卷）
7
5
6
全国卷III
7
6
8
二. 技巧点拨
细节理解题的共同特点是答案一般都能在文章中找到，当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，命题人往往需要根据文章提供的信息重新组织语句供考生做出选择。如何解题？
关于简单细节判断：首先，题干定位关键词—扫描题干，根据关键词明确答题方向，如数字、时间、原因、事件、目的、方式、现象、特征等；然后，查找原文找对应，用略读与查读技巧定位与关键词相关的原文信息；最后，比较选项与原文的对应信息，直接锁定正确答案。
关于综合细节判断（需要对原文多处相关信息进行转换或整合）：首先，读题干，明确关键词和答题方向；然后，定位与题干关键词相关的近义词、反义词或解释性信息；最后，利用正确选项特点（近义词替换原文信息、变换原文语态、词性或词形、简化或概括原文、正话反说等），确定答案。
三、高考典例解析
简单细节判断
例1(2022·全国甲卷)
Theatres and Entertainment
St David's Hall
St David's Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff's entertainment centre.With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David's Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff.It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.
The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AH
www.stdavidshall cardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike.It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn't been on the stage here.If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.
Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF10 5BZ
www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru's theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012.This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会) to do creative things.Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.
Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4YE
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children's shows for more than 100 years.Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre.Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.
Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3LN
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
21.Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted?
A.At the New Theatre.
B.At the Glee Club.
C.At Sherman Cymru.
D.At St David's Hall.
21.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David's Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff.”可知,每年一度的Welsh Proms Cardiff在圣大卫厅举办,故D项正确。
22.What can people do at the Glee Club?
A.Watch musicals.
B.Enjoy comedies.
C.See family shows.
D.Do creative things.
22.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Every weekend this is ‘Wales’ premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike.”可知,在Glee俱乐部可以欣赏喜剧,故B项正确。
23.Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff's oldest surviving theatre?
A.www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
B.www.shermancymru.co.uk
C.www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
D.www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
23.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre.”可知,新剧院是卡迪夫现存最古老的传统剧院,结合最后一段提供的网址可知,A项正确。
例2 (2022·全国乙卷)
Henry Raeburn (1756—1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn
Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00
DUNCAN THOMSON
Raeburn's English Contemporaries
Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in
Raeburn's Portraits
Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON
Raeburn and Artist's Training in the
18th Century
Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10
MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday—Saturday 10.00—17.45 Sunday 12.00—17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24—26 December and 1 January
Admission
￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
21.What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries?
A.Sun. 26 Oct. B.Thurs. 30 Oct.
C.Thurs. 6 Nov. D.Thurs. 13 Nov.
21.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据表格Raeburn's English Contemporaries部分中的“Thursday 30 Oct. (10月30日,星期四)”可知,在10月30日,星期四可以去参加Raeburn's English Contemporaries。故选B。
综合细节判断
例3 (2022·全国乙卷)
Henry Raeburn (1756—1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn
Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00
DUNCAN THOMSON
Raeburn's English Contemporaries
Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in
Raeburn's Portraits
Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON
Raeburn and Artist's Training in the
18th Century
Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10
MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday—Saturday 10.00—17.45 Sunday 12.00—17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24—26 December and 1 January
Admission
￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
22.How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?
A.￡4. B.￡8.
C.￡12. D.￡16.
22.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据Admission部分中的“￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.(门票为4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。)”可知,一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑,两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费,即入场费为8英镑。故选B。
23.How can full-time students get group discounts?
A.They should go on Sunday mornings.
B.They should come from art schools.
C.They must be led by teachers.
D.They must have ID cards with them.
23.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“所有全日制教育的学生,高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生,在有教师的组织团体中,均可享受每人2英镑的团体折扣入场费。”可知,全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中,可以获得折扣,即他们必须由教师带领。故选C。
例4 (2022·全国乙卷)
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads,which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
24.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A.To teach in a school.
B.To study American history.
C.To write a book.
D.To do sightseeing.
24.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916年,来自纽约奥本市的两个为好朋友的富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——到落基山脉的一个定居地,在一间只有一个教室的校舍里教书。)”可知,Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校教书。故选A。
四、模拟演练
A
(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟2023届高三第二次联考) “Why do you have 9,632 emails in your inbox (收件箱)?”
I looked at my husband,“Um...is that a lot? How many are in your inbox?”
“About twenty,” he replied. I looked at my inbox. There were emails I had meant to deal with; emails from customers and the kids’ schools with information I needed; there were time-sensitive offers I’d never got around to investigating; endless updates from the social media platforms I subscribed to, and the rest I had kept just in case.
I realized that I had become an email hoarder (囤积者). I clearly had a problem and I needed to act. I paused my work and began to delete unwanted emails. An hour later I made little progress.
“Just delete the whole lot,” my husband strongly suggested.
Could I do that? It was appealing. But I paused. I couldn’t. I did have a problem! Then I decided to compromise. I kept the last month’s emails and deleted everything else. I looked at my almost empty inbox. Wow, it felt so good.
To be honest, I feel genuine anxiety about deleting emails. FOMO (错失恐惧症) is a real problem for many people like me with email issues. So many emails are “offers”. What if that amazing offer never comes up again? But the fact is that they do...frequently. What’s more,these great offers are often time-sensitive and so we hang on to them “just in case”, then miss the deadline anyway and still don’t delete them.
I found it useful to limit my emails to 50 and I use an email system which ensures all school emails go into a separate inbox, so I can see at a glance when “Dress like a Roman” day or “Bring an onion to school” day (yes really) is coming up! I feel more in control and organized now. I’m on top of my inbox. Now I’m off to handle the cupboard under the stairs!
1. What was the author’s immediate reaction to her husband’s suggestion??
A. She approved of it. B. She felt annoyed at it.
C. She hesitated about it. D. She was astonished at it.
【解析】答案C。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确关键词 “immediate reaction”，查找原文中对于作者行为或者心理活动的表述，根据第六段中“Could I do that? It was appealing. But I paused. I couldn’t. I did have a problem! Then I decided to compromise. (我可以这样做吗？这很吸引人。但我停顿了一下。我不能。我确实犯难！然后我决定折中)”由该部分的心里描写，可知作者对丈夫建议的第一反应是犹豫不决。故选C项。
2. What led to the author’s anxiety about deleting emails?
A. The deadline that she forgot to meet.
B. The fact that she liked keeping emails.
C. The offer that she might never give.
D. The fear that she would miss out something.
【解析】答案D。细节理解题。扫描题干，锁定关键词 “the author’s anxiety about deleting emails” 以及 “lead to”，考查某种心理产生的原因，根据第七段中“To be honest, I feel genuine anxiety about deleting emails. FOMO (错失恐惧症) is a real problem for many people like me with email issues. So many emails are ‘offers’. What if that amazing offer never comes up again? (很多邮件都是“offer(各种机会)”。如果那个极好的机会再也没有了怎么办?)”可知，作者是害怕会错过一些东西而导致对删除邮件感到焦虑，原文中对于原因的表述也是一种隐性的表达。故选D项。
3. What does the author do with her inbox at last?
A. Adopt an email system to classify all emails.
B. Separate unwanted emails into a new inbox.
C. Reply to school emails as soon as possible.
D. Set a restriction to the number of emails.
【解析】答案D。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确关键词 “do with her box at last”，根据篇章结构和行文顺序，可以根据 “at last” 将答题信息锁定在原文的后半部分，甚至是最后一段，根据最后一段中“I found it useful to limit my emails to 50 and I use an email system which ensures all school emails go into a separate inbox...,该部分译为：我发现把我的电子邮件限制在50封很有用，我使用的电子邮件系统可以确保所有学校的电子邮件都放在一个单独的收件箱里......)”可知，选项中的 “set a restriction to” 的表达是对原文 “limit” 的近义转换，作者最后限制了邮件数量。故选D项。
B
(2023届北京十一学校高三学部教与学质量诊断) Tara posted the picture of her daughter and Mr. Dan on Facebook and someone who recognized him reached out to her with his contact information. It turned out that Mr. Dan’s wife died in March and he had been suffering from depression and anxiety ever since. The person on Facebook told Tara that it was the first time they had seen Mr. Dan smile since the death of his wife. Knowing that, Tara contacted Mr. Dan, and ever since Norah and the 82-year-old have developed a friendship unlike any other. “She has shown me a depth of love, a depth that I didn’t know existed,” Mr. Dan told the reporter.
4.How did Tara know more about Mr. Dan?
A. From a news reporter. B. From a stranger.
C. From a shop assistant. D. From his neighbor.
【解析】答案B。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确考查信息为方式，根据第本段中的“Tara posted the picture of her daughter and Mr. Dan on Facebook and someone who recognized him reached out to her with his contact information.”（塔拉把女儿和丹的照片发布在Facebook上，一个认出丹的人向她提供了他的联系方式）和“The person on Facebook told Tara that it was the first time they had seen Mr. Dan smile since the death of his wife. ”（Facebook上的这名人士告诉塔拉，这是他们第一次在他妻子去世后看到丹微笑）可知，是Facebook上的网友告诉塔拉关于丹先生的事情，Facebook上的网友是塔拉不认识的陌生人。故选B项。
C
(江苏省如皋市2022-2023学年度高三年级第一学期教学质量调研) This involved diverting (改道) the Arno to cut off Pisa’s water supply and give Florence an outlet to the Mediterranean. In the early 1500s, with the two city-states at war, the idea was under active consideration. Mr Cotte argues that a channel at the right of the “Mona Lisa” is too wide to be a road, and is instead the dried-up bed of the Amo as da Vinci imagined it once his plan had been adopted.
5.What was painted in the “Mona Lisa” according to Mr Cotte?
A. A part of da Vinci’s hometown as it was. B. An overhanging precipice and a fortress.
C. A pointed rock and a castellated tower. D. The dried-up bed of a river.
【解析】答案D。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确考查信息事物属性，根据节选段落中“Mr Cotte argues that a channel at the right of the “Mona Lisa” is too wide to be a road, and is instead the dried-up bed of the Amo as da Vinci imagined it once his plan had been adopted(柯特先生认为，《蒙娜丽莎》右边的通道太宽了，不可能是路，而是达芬奇在他的计划被采纳后想象的阿莫干枯的河床）”可知柯特先生说，干涸的河床在《蒙娜丽莎》的画中。故选D。
D
(2023届江苏省盐城市、南京市高三年级第一次模拟考试) After monitoring the rats’ brain activity, researchers from the University of California Los Angeles discovered electrical activity in a region known as the hippocampus neurons (海马体神经元) differed depending on whether the rats were placed in real-world or VR environments. The new findings are significant as the hippocampus is a primary driver of learning and memory in the brain.
When rats walk around in real life, electrical activity in the hippocampus appears to synchronize (同步发生) at a rate of eight heartbeats per second. Heartbeats at this frequency are generally known as “theta (Ѳ) waves”, with stronger Ѳ waves seeming to improve the brain's ability to learn and keep sensory information. When placed in a VR environment, the rat’s Ѳ waves became stronger.
6. According to the passage, why are the new findings important?
A. VR’s contributions to learning have finally been identified.
B. VR can affect electrical activity in the hippocampus neurons.
C. VR produces the same effects on brains as real environments.
D. VR is likely to become another driver for learning and memory.
【解析】答案B。细节理解题。扫描题干与选项，明确考查内容聚焦“new findings”的重要性的原因，回原文查找关于原因内容的描述，根据节选部分的第一段“After monitoring the rats’ brain activity, researchers from the University of California Los Angeles discovered electrical activity in a region known ashe hippocampus neurons (海马体神经元) differed depending on whether the rats were placed in real-world or VR environments. The new findings are significant as(引导原因状语从句) the hippocampus is a primary driver of learning and memory in the brain. (在监测老鼠的大脑活动后，来自加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员发现，海马神经元区域的生物电活动因老鼠被置于真实世界或虚拟现实环境而有所不同。这项新发现意义重大，因为海马体是大脑学习和记忆的主要驱动力)”可知，海马体是大脑学习和记忆的主要驱动力，新发现很重要是因为VR可以影响海马神经元的生物电活动。故选B。
7. What can we learn about Ѳ waves?
A. They don’t respond to different brain rhythms.
B. They remain stable in different environments.
C. They affect how human perceive knowledge.
D. They have little to do with the rate of heartbeats.
【解析】答案C。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确考查内容关于“θ (Ѳ）波”的属性特征，根据节选部分的第二段的细节描述“When rats walk around in real life, electrical activity in the hippocampus appears to synchronize (同步发生)at a rate of eight heartbeats per second. Heartbeats at this frequency are generally known as “theta (Ѳ)waves”, with stronger Ѳ waves seeming to improve the brain’s ability to learn and keep sensory information. When placed in a VR environment, the rat's Ѳ waves became stronger.(当老鼠在现实生活中四处走动时，海马体的电活动似乎以每秒8次心跳的速度同步。这种频率的心跳通常被称为“θ (Ѳ）波”，更强的Ѳ波似乎可以提高大脑学习和保存感官信息的能力。在VR环境中，老鼠的Ѳ波变得更强）”可知，强烈的Ѳ波似乎可以提高大脑学习和保存感官信息的能力，由此可知，给出的正确选项对细节描述部分做了简要的概括，Ѳ波影响着人类感知知识的方式。故选C。
E
(山东省潍坊市2023届高三学科核心素养测评) Almost a decade ago, we wrote, “Without applied research on how to best communicate science online, we risk creating a future where the dynamics of online communication systems have a stronger impact on public views about science than the specific research that we as scientists are trying to communicate.” Since then, the footprint of subscription-based news content has slowly decreased. Meanwhile, various information, either true or false, increasingly dominates social media. Partly as a result, extreme public views on issues such as COVID-19 vaccines or climate change emerge and grow separate.
8. What is the function of applied research on how to communicate science online?
A. To diversify the ways of communicating science.
B. To help the public correctly understand science.
C. To promote the development of social media.
D. To control online communication systems.
【解析】答案B。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确考查内容关于“applied science”的功能作用，对应原文，根据第一段中“Without applied research on how to best communicate science online, we risk creating a future where the dynamics of online communication systems have a stronger impact on public views about science than the specific research that we as scientists are trying to communicate.(如果没有关于如何在网上最好地传播科学的应用研究，我们就冒险在创造一个这样的未来：网络交流系统的动态对公众对科学的看法产生的影响远大于我们作为科学家试图传递的具体研究）”原文和选项内容为正话反说的关系，可知，应用研究的功能是帮助人们正确理解科学。故选B项。
F
(北京市海淀区2023届期末试题) The technique relies on NASA’s Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), a constellation of eight micro-satellites used to predict hurricanes that calculate wind speeds above the ocean by measuring the roughness of surface waters. As the satellites are continuously recording, Ruf and Evans realised that they collect a great deal of additional data. It was while analysing these data that they noticed some differences-times where the surface of the ocean appeared to be much smoother than it should, given the prevailing wind (盛行风) conditions.
Knowing that water isn’t roughened as much when it contains a lot of floating material, Ruf and Evans identified a pattern that linked areas of unusual smoothness and predicted microplastic distributions. They found that the difference between their measurements, and how much rougher the surface would be if winds of the same speed were blowing across clear water, was “highly correlated with the presence of microplastics, and the degree of the difference also correlated with the concentration of the plastics.”
9. According to the passage, CYGNSS ________.
A. has offered data about the repeatable seasonal pattern
B. guides research ships to gather data about sea animals
C. provides unexpected data about the changes of sea surface
D. was designed to measure the distribution of ocean microplastics
【解析】答案C。细节理解题。扫描题干与选项，明确信息考查为事物属性特征及功能等信息，回原文查找解释说明性信息，根据节选部分的第一段“The technique relies on NASA’s Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), a constellation of eight micro-satellites used to predict hurricanes that calculate wind speeds above the ocean by measuring the roughness of surface waters. As the satellites are continuously recording, Ruf and Evans realised that they collect a great deal of additional data.(这项技术依赖于美国宇航局的旋风全球导航卫星系统（CYGNSS），这是一个由八颗微型卫星组成的星座，用于预测飓风，通过测量地表水的粗糙度来计算海洋上方的风速。随着卫星不断记录，鲁夫和埃文斯意识到他们收集了大量额外数据。）”可知，CYGNSS收集到了有关海面变化的大量额外数据，可以提供有关海面变化的额外数据。故选C项。
10. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Microplastics will end up in the stomachs of the ocean organisms.
B. Mlicroplastics play a vital role in the yearly ocean circulation changes.
C. The surface of the ocean can get smoother with more microplastics in it.
D. The new way of tracking microplastics has helped prevent ocean pollution.
【解析】答案C。细节理解题。扫描题干与选项，明确信息考查围绕“microplastics”展开的各个方面的细节描述，回原文锁定相关细节，综合比较，并聚焦原文节选部分的第二段“Knowing that water isn’t roughened as much when it contains a lot of floating material(知道当水中含有大量漂浮物时，水不会变得那么粗糙)”可知，如果水中有微塑料时，水面会变得不那么粗糙，海洋表面会由于海中存在更多的微塑料变得更加光滑。故选C项。
G
(江苏省镇江市2022-2023年度第一学期高三期中试卷) Slowly but surely, offices are beginning to reopen. That means, the work-from-home lifestyle may be coming to a close. Why not spice it up a bit for this last stretch of flexible living and book a killer vacation rental? Here are 4 rentals perfect for you.
San Antonio, Texas
Head deep into the heart of Texas for an enjoyable work-from-home experience at this 3-bedroom Lavaca cottage. And you’ll find a fully private backyard that is perfect for the little ones. The house on its own is excellent, but what is close to downtown San Antonia is like a cherry on top.
Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
Set out for beautiful California and book this beach retreat. You’ll have both the beach and town within walking distance. Charming Carmel has world-class restaurants, art galleries and wine tasting rooms. The beloved treat shop is sure to get your kids on their best behavior!
Scottsdale, Arizona
With over 300 days of sunshine and boundless outdoor activities, Arizona is an outdoor heaven for all ages. Book this massive 5-bedroom desert house, and spend days hiking. Then cool off back at home in your private pool overlooking the mountains. If you’re working from home, you can soak in some pretty evenings and desert sunsets. When you’re not enjoying a barbecue in the backyard, walk into Scottsdale’s modern downtown district for dinner.
The Catskills, New York
Surround yourself with nature while you work-from-home at this quiet and private, 4-acre red cottage in the Catskills region. The charming 2-bedroom house has a huge industrial kitchen, private hot tub and a barbecue. When you have to go back to civilization, the lovable mountain town of Woodstock is just 10 minutes away.
11. What do the four rentals have in common?
A. They have a private backyard. B. They are close to the beach.
C. They provide a barbecue. D. They are near the town or downtown.
【解析】答案D。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确考查异同信息比较，回原文查找各自特征描述，寻找交叉的部分，根据San Antonio, Texas部分的“The house on its own is excellent, but what is close to downtown San Antonia is like a cherry on top.(房子本身就很好，但靠近圣安东尼亚市中心的地方就像锦上添花一样。)”，Carmel-by-the-Sea, California部分的“You’ll have both the beach and town within walking distance.(海滩和城镇都在步行范围内。)”，Scottsdale, Arizona部分的“When you’re not enjoying a barbecue in the backyard, walk into Scottsdale’s modern downtown district for dinner.(如果你不喜欢在后院烧烤，那就走进斯科茨代尔的现代闹市区吃晚餐。)”和The Catskills, New York部分的“When you have to go back to civilization, the lovable mountain town of Woodstock is just 10 minutes away.(当你不得不回到文明世界，可爱的山城伍德斯托克只有10分钟的路程。)”可知，这四套出租房的共同之处在于它们在城镇或市中心附近。故选D。
H
(江苏省苏北六市2023届高三第一次调研英语试题) Christmas wouldn’t be Christmas without mountains of wrapping paper covering the floor on 25 December. Or would it?
A rise in interest in crafting (手工艺), coupled with a greater awareness of the environment under lockdown, has led to an increase in interest in furoshiki-the Japanese art of fabric wrapping this year.
Furoshiki are traditional Japanese cloths used to transport food, clothes or gifts. They are increasingly being accepted by shoppers as an alternative to paper. The cloths are easy to use: gifts are placed in the centre of the fabric, which is then tucked (卷起) around the object and fastened with a knot (结).
Because fabric is so much more malleable (可塑的) than wrapping paper, it can be used to make even the most awkward-shaped gifts look professionally wrapped. The Covid-19 pandemic(大流行病) has brought the environment into a new focus for people, causing people all to make more environmentally conscious decisions around what we buy.
Part of the appeal of fabric wrapping is that it is a present in itself. The receiver can not only enjoy a beautifully wrapped gift but can then reuse the cloth to give a gift of their own.
Some customers use their cloth within family or friendship circles, so that it eventually makes its way back to them. There’s a certain magic and tradition in passing it from person to person.
Then there’s the rising interest in craft. Fabric wrapping is often handmade. Compared to standard wrapping paper, fabric wrapping offers more chances to experiment with different folding techniques and the way it lends itself to botanical decoration. There is a huge appetite for people wanting to learn new craft skills and perhaps create their own gifts for friends and family.
The practice of using furoshiki became widespread during Japan’s Edo period (1603-1868), when people bundled (捆) their clothes in fabric while visiting public baths. The custom was generally the preserve of older people in Japan, but younger generations are getting on board as a result of the pandemic. They have started to reconsider their ways of life.
12. Which of the following can best describe furoshiki?
A. Sustainable. B. Wasteful. C. Complex to knot. D. Awkward to carry.
【解析】答案A。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确该题考查“furoshiki”的属性特征，回原文查找相关细节描述，根据第五段的“The receiver can not only enjoy a beautifully wrapped gift but can then reuse the cloth to give a gift of their own.（收礼人不仅可以欣赏到包装精美的礼物，还可以再利用这些布料来送出自己的礼物）”可知，织物包装可以重复利用，是可持续的。故选A。
13. What is the advantage of furoshiki over standard wrapping paper?
A. It has less human touch. B. It improves gardening skills.
C. It stimulates appetite for food. D. It offers more space for creativity.
【解析】答案D。细节理解题。扫描题干与选项，明确该题涉及同类两种事物的比较，回原文查找承载比较信息的语句(比如compared with/to; contrary to.../sth. Be much more+adj.等)，根据倒数第二段的“Compared to standard wrapping paper, fabric wrapping offers more chances to experiment with different folding techniques (与标准的包装纸相比，织物包装提供了更多的机会来尝试不同的折叠技术)”和“There is a huge appetite for people wanting to learn new craft skills and perhaps create their own gifts for friends and family.（人们对学习新的手艺技能，或者为朋友和家人制作自己的礼物有着巨大的兴趣）”可知，相比于标准包装纸而言，furoshiki为人们的创造力提供了更多空间，故选D。
14. Why does furoshiki begin to be accepted by younger people?
A. It has a long family tradition. B. Pandemic promotes green rethink.
C. Public baths are gaining popularity. D. It’s their turn to preserve the custom.
[解析】答案B。细节理解题。扫描题干,明确该题考查 “furoshiki开始为年轻人接受的原因”，回原文查找显性或隐性的原因表达，根据第四段的“The Covid-19 pandemic(大流行病)has brought the environment into a new focus for people, causing people all to make more environmentally conscious decisions around what we buy.（2019冠状病毒病大流行使环境成为人们关注的新焦点，促使人们在购买产品时做出更有环境意识的决定）”以及最后一段中The custom was generally the preserve of older people in Japan, but younger generations are getting on board as a result of the pandemic. They have started to reconsider their ways of life. 这个风俗习惯原来大体上是老一代的专属工作，但由于疫情年轻一代正在接受这一习俗，他们重新开始思考他们的生活方式，可知，新冠肺炎使人们对使用更环保的产品以保护环境这一理念产生更多思考，即新冠大流行促进了环保反思。故选B。
I
（潮南区2022-2023学年度第二学期期初高三摸底考试）
Spring is coming, and if you’ re not planning on making the most of the great weather, then you’ re seriously missing out. Staying in the UK is an option but, with the chances of rain hardly getting any lower, who would really want to? There are some great spring trips abroad below, offering excitement and relaxation.
Generator Dublin
Thinking of celebrating St Patrick’s Day at the source? If you’ re heading to Ireland’s capital, check out fashionable hotel Generator Dublin, which will be getting into the spirit with drinks deals, great room rates and a performance from First Day Lions.
Located in the centre of the city, it’s close to everything from Dublin Castle to the Guinness Storehouse.
The Living Project
Time spent in nature can help relax body and mind, and the Living Project is launching a series of new mindful activities.
With locations in Dartmoor and the Knoydart islands, it lets you choose from a range of shared experiences ranging from yoga (瑜伽) to guided breath work.
Valiant Lady Virgin Voyages
Virgin Voyages has launched its second ship, Valiant Lady, which will sail Europe while her sister ship, Scarlet Lady, takes care of the Caribbean.
Equipped with 1,330 impressive rooms and 78 “RockStar Quarters”, she also has two “Massive Suites” with their own private hot tub (浴缸). You can also expect first-class entertainment and dining experiences organized by Michelin-starred cooks.
Lonely Planet’s Guide
As we become aware of how to cut down our carbon footprint, train travel becomes popular. Not only is it better for the planet, it can also take you through less frequented landscapes at a slower pace.
Lonely Planet has highlighted dozens of routes which cross the European continent.
15. What makes people take spring trips abroad instead of staying in the UK?
A. Weather B. Entertainment.
C. Food. D. Accommodation.
【解析】答案A。细节理解题。根据第一段“Staying in the UK is an option but, with the chances of rain hardly getting any lower, who would really want to? There are some great spring trips abroad below, offering excitement and relaxation. (留在英国是一个选择，但鉴于下雨的可能性几乎没有降低，谁真的想留在英国呢？以下是一些很棒的春季出国旅行，带给你兴奋和放松。)”可知，英国国内阴雨连绵的天气状况，导致人们选择出国旅行。故选A项。
16. Which trip best suits people who enjoy nature?
A. Generator Dublin. B. The Living Project.
C. Valiant Lady Virgin Voyages. D. Lonely Planet’s Guide.
【解析】答案B。细节理解题。根据The Living Project的第一段“Time spent in nature can help relax body and mind, and the Living Project is launching a series of new mindful activities. (在大自然中度过的时间可以帮助身心放松，‘生活计划’正在推出一系列新的正心活动。)”可知，喜欢大自然的人可以选择The Living Project。故选B项。
17. What can people do in Lonely Planet’s Guide?
A. Enjoy unfrequented landscapes. B. Walk at a slower pace.
C. Highlight dozens of routes. D. Travel on foot.
【解析】答案A。细节理解题。根据Lonely Planet’s Guide的“Not only is it better for the planet, it can also take you through less frequented landscapes at a slower pace. (它不仅对地球更好，还可以带你以较慢的速度穿越不太常见的风景。)”可知，参加Lonely Planet’s Guide，人们可以欣赏不太常见的的风景。故选A项。
J
(四川遂宁市高中2023届三诊考试) At the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia, Halfway in the women’s slalom(障碍滑雪)race, 18-year-old Mikaela Shiffrin took a commanding lead over the greatest women’s slalom skiers in the world. On her final run, she burst from the start house at a breakneck speed, snaking around the poles in crazy rhythm.
Skiing has always been a significant part of Mikaela’s life. Her mom raced and coached skiing and her dad ski raced all through college. The Shiffrins taught Mikaela and her brother, Taylor, to ski at a very young age. At the age of two and a half, Mikaela made her first ski run on plastic skis. From ages 8 to 11, she worked hard, practicing hundreds of training runs on small hills repeatedly to develop the correct techniques of slalom skiing.
When Mikaela was 11, she attended the Burke Mountain Academy, a Vermont boarding school for skiers. She took classes, studied, and practiced her skiing crazily. According to Kirk Dwyer, Burke Mountain Academy headmaster, “It was the degree of Mikaela’s effort to be the best that distinguished her from others. Her commitment to conditioning, having proper sleep, eating correctly, doing the drills, and watching video was unusual for an 11 to 13-year-old. Mikaela practiced more than anyone and believed in herself then and now.”
By the time she was 17, she had already won her first World Cup race.
Working hard is a full-time job for Mikaela. Even her off-season is work time. In the summer, when Mikaela is off the ski slopes and in the gym, her daily training consists of six to seven hours of weight lifting, swimming, and biking to improve her core strength and flexibility. She does all of this so that she can dash down slopes at speeds topping 50 miles per hour while cutting back and forth around gates with astonishing precision.
“If you have passion for your targets, whatever they are,” she says, “the sky is the limit. Give it your all!”
18. What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A. Mikaela came from a skiing family.
B. Mikaela’s mother taught her to ski first.
C. Mikaela trained harder than her brother.
D. Mikaela’s father coached skiing in colleges.
【解析】答案A。细节理解题。根据第二段“Her mom raced and coached skiing and her dad ski raced all through college.( 她的妈妈在滑雪比赛中担任教练，她的爸爸在整个大学期间都在滑雪比赛)”可知米凯拉·希夫林来自于一个滑雪家庭，故选A项。
阅读理解突破之细节理解题
一、高考命题取向
阅读理解的文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节理解对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。细节题在高考阅读理解中出现频率很高。高考英语阅读理解题的细节题考点可能源自于段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内或段落间综合信息理解。考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式等，议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。
近3年全国高考细节理解题题量统计
年份
卷名
2020
2021
2022
新高考I卷
8
8
6
全国卷I（乙卷）
8
5
7
全国卷II（甲卷）
7
5
6
全国卷III
7
6
8
二. 技巧点拨
细节理解题的共同特点是答案一般都能在文章中找到，当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，命题人往往需要根据文章提供的信息重新组织语句供考生做出选择。如何解题？
关于简单细节判断：首先，题干定位关键词—扫描题干，根据关键词明确答题方向，如数字、时间、原因、事件、目的、方式、现象、特征等；然后，查找原文找对应，用略读与查读技巧定位与关键词相关的原文信息；最后，比较选项与原文的对应信息，直接锁定正确答案。
关于综合细节判断（需要对原文多处相关信息进行转换或整合）：首先，读题干，明确关键词和答题方向；然后，定位与题干关键词相关的近义词、反义词或解释性信息；最后，利用正确选项特点（近义词替换原文信息、变换原文语态、词性或词形、简化或概括原文、正话反说等），确定答案。
三、高考典例解析
简单细节判断
例1(2022·全国甲卷)
Theatres and Entertainment
St David's Hall
St David's Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff's entertainment centre.With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David's Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff.It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.
The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AH
www.stdavidshall cardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike.It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn't been on the stage here.If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.
Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF10 5BZ
www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru's theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012.This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会) to do creative things.Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.
Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4YE
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children's shows for more than 100 years.Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre.Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.
Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3LN
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
21.Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted?
A.At the New Theatre.
B.At the Glee Club.
C.At Sherman Cymru.
D.At St David's Hall.
21.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David's Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff.”可知,每年一度的Welsh Proms Cardiff在圣大卫厅举办,故D项正确。
22.What can people do at the Glee Club?
A.Watch musicals.
B.Enjoy comedies.
C.See family shows.
D.Do creative things.
22.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Every weekend this is ‘Wales’ premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike.”可知,在Glee俱乐部可以欣赏喜剧,故B项正确。
23.Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff's oldest surviving theatre?
A.www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
B.www.shermancymru.co.uk
C.www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
D.www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
23.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre.”可知,新剧院是卡迪夫现存最古老的传统剧院,结合最后一段提供的网址可知,A项正确。
例2 (2022·全国乙卷)
Henry Raeburn (1756—1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn
Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00
DUNCAN THOMSON
Raeburn's English Contemporaries
Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in
Raeburn's Portraits
Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON
Raeburn and Artist's Training in the
18th Century
Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10
MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday—Saturday 10.00—17.45 Sunday 12.00—17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24—26 December and 1 January
Admission
￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
21.What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries?
A.Sun. 26 Oct. B.Thurs. 30 Oct.
C.Thurs. 6 Nov. D.Thurs. 13 Nov.
21.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据表格Raeburn's English Contemporaries部分中的“Thursday 30 Oct. (10月30日,星期四)”可知,在10月30日,星期四可以去参加Raeburn's English Contemporaries。故选B。
综合细节判断
例3 (2022·全国乙卷)
Henry Raeburn (1756—1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn
Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00
DUNCAN THOMSON
Raeburn's English Contemporaries
Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in
Raeburn's Portraits
Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON
Raeburn and Artist's Training in the
18th Century
Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10
MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday—Saturday 10.00—17.45 Sunday 12.00—17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24—26 December and 1 January
Admission
￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
22.How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?
A.￡4. B.￡8.
C.￡12. D.￡16.
22.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据Admission部分中的“￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.(门票为4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。)”可知,一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑,两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费,即入场费为8英镑。故选B。
23.How can full-time students get group discounts?
A.They should go on Sunday mornings.
B.They should come from art schools.
C.They must be led by teachers.
D.They must have ID cards with them.
23.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“所有全日制教育的学生,高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生,在有教师的组织团体中,均可享受每人2英镑的团体折扣入场费。”可知,全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中,可以获得折扣,即他们必须由教师带领。故选C。
例4 (2022·全国乙卷)
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads,which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
24.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A.To teach in a school.
B.To study American history.
C.To write a book.
D.To do sightseeing.
24.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916年,来自纽约奥本市的两个为好朋友的富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——到落基山脉的一个定居地,在一间只有一个教室的校舍里教书。)”可知,Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校教书。故选A。
四、模拟演练
A
(浙江省名校新高考研究联盟2023届高三第二次联考) “Why do you have 9,632 emails in your inbox (收件箱)?”
I looked at my husband,“Um...is that a lot? How many are in your inbox?”
“About twenty,” he replied. I looked at my inbox. There were emails I had meant to deal with; emails from customers and the kids’ schools with information I needed; there were time-sensitive offers I’d never got around to investigating; endless updates from the social media platforms I subscribed to, and the rest I had kept just in case.
I realized that I had become an email hoarder (囤积者). I clearly had a problem and I needed to act. I paused my work and began to delete unwanted emails. An hour later I made little progress.
“Just delete the whole lot,” my husband strongly suggested.
Could I do that? It was appealing. But I paused. I couldn’t. I did have a problem! Then I decided to compromise. I kept the last month’s emails and deleted everything else. I looked at my almost empty inbox. Wow, it felt so good.
To be honest, I feel genuine anxiety about deleting emails. FOMO (错失恐惧症) is a real problem for many people like me with email issues. So many emails are “offers”. What if that amazing offer never comes up again? But the fact is that they do...frequently. What’s more,these great offers are often time-sensitive and so we hang on to them “just in case”, then miss the deadline anyway and still don’t delete them.
I found it useful to limit my emails to 50 and I use an email system which ensures all school emails go into a separate inbox, so I can see at a glance when “Dress like a Roman” day or “Bring an onion to school” day (yes really) is coming up! I feel more in control and organized now. I’m on top of my inbox. Now I’m off to handle the cupboard under the stairs!
1. What was the author’s immediate reaction to her husband’s suggestion??
A. She approved of it. B. She felt annoyed at it.
C. She hesitated about it. D. She was astonished at it.
【解析】答案C。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确关键词 “immediate reaction”，查找原文中对于作者行为或者心理活动的表述，根据第六段中“Could I do that? It was appealing. But I paused. I couldn’t. I did have a problem! Then I decided to compromise. (我可以这样做吗？这很吸引人。但我停顿了一下。我不能。我确实犯难！然后我决定折中)”由该部分的心里描写，可知作者对丈夫建议的第一反应是犹豫不决。故选C项。
2. What led to the author’s anxiety about deleting emails?
A. The deadline that she forgot to meet.
B. The fact that she liked keeping emails.
C. The offer that she might never give.
D. The fear that she would miss out something.
【解析】答案D。细节理解题。扫描题干，锁定关键词 “the author’s anxiety about deleting emails” 以及 “lead to”，考查某种心理产生的原因，根据第七段中“To be honest, I feel genuine anxiety about deleting emails. FOMO (错失恐惧症) is a real problem for many people like me with email issues. So many emails are ‘offers’. What if that amazing offer never comes up again? (很多邮件都是“offer(各种机会)”。如果那个极好的机会再也没有了怎么办?)”可知，作者是害怕会错过一些东西而导致对删除邮件感到焦虑，原文中对于原因的表述也是一种隐性的表达。故选D项。
3. What does the author do with her inbox at last?
A. Adopt an email system to classify all emails.
B. Separate unwanted emails into a new inbox.
C. Reply to school emails as soon as possible.
D. Set a restriction to the number of emails.
【解析】答案D。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确关键词 “do with her box at last”，根据篇章结构和行文顺序，可以根据 “at last” 将答题信息锁定在原文的后半部分，甚至是最后一段，根据最后一段中“I found it useful to limit my emails to 50 and I use an email system which ensures all school emails go into a separate inbox...,该部分译为：我发现把我的电子邮件限制在50封很有用，我使用的电子邮件系统可以确保所有学校的电子邮件都放在一个单独的收件箱里......)”可知，选项中的 “set a restriction to” 的表达是对原文 “limit” 的近义转换，作者最后限制了邮件数量。故选D项。
B
(2023届北京十一学校高三学部教与学质量诊断) Tara posted the picture of her daughter and Mr. Dan on Facebook and someone who recognized him reached out to her with his contact information. It turned out that Mr. Dan’s wife died in March and he had been suffering from depression and anxiety ever since. The person on Facebook told Tara that it was the first time they had seen Mr. Dan smile since the death of his wife. Knowing that, Tara contacted Mr. Dan, and ever since Norah and the 82-year-old have developed a friendship unlike any other. “She has shown me a depth of love, a depth that I didn’t know existed,” Mr. Dan told the reporter.
4.How did Tara know more about Mr. Dan?
A. From a news reporter. B. From a stranger.
C. From a shop assistant. D. From his neighbor.
【解析】答案B。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确考查信息为方式，根据第本段中的“Tara posted the picture of her daughter and Mr. Dan on Facebook and someone who recognized him reached out to her with his contact information.”（塔拉把女儿和丹的照片发布在Facebook上，一个认出丹的人向她提供了他的联系方式）和“The person on Facebook told Tara that it was the first time they had seen Mr. Dan smile since the death of his wife. ”（Facebook上的这名人士告诉塔拉，这是他们第一次在他妻子去世后看到丹微笑）可知，是Facebook上的网友告诉塔拉关于丹先生的事情，Facebook上的网友是塔拉不认识的陌生人。故选B项。
C
(江苏省如皋市2022-2023学年度高三年级第一学期教学质量调研) This involved diverting (改道) the Arno to cut off Pisa’s water supply and give Florence an outlet to the Mediterranean. In the early 1500s, with the two city-states at war, the idea was under active consideration. Mr Cotte argues that a channel at the right of the “Mona Lisa” is too wide to be a road, and is instead the dried-up bed of the Amo as da Vinci imagined it once his plan had been adopted.
5.What was painted in the “Mona Lisa” according to Mr Cotte?
A. A part of da Vinci’s hometown as it was. B. An overhanging precipice and a fortress.
C. A pointed rock and a castellated tower. D. The dried-up bed of a river.
【解析】答案D。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确考查信息事物属性，根据节选段落中“Mr Cotte argues that a channel at the right of the “Mona Lisa” is too wide to be a road, and is instead the dried-up bed of the Amo as da Vinci imagined it once his plan had been adopted(柯特先生认为，《蒙娜丽莎》右边的通道太宽了，不可能是路，而是达芬奇在他的计划被采纳后想象的阿莫干枯的河床）”可知柯特先生说，干涸的河床在《蒙娜丽莎》的画中。故选D。
D
(2023届江苏省盐城市、南京市高三年级第一次模拟考试) After monitoring the rats’ brain activity, researchers from the University of California Los Angeles discovered electrical activity in a region known as the hippocampus neurons (海马体神经元) differed depending on whether the rats were placed in real-world or VR environments. The new findings are significant as the hippocampus is a primary driver of learning and memory in the brain.
When rats walk around in real life, electrical activity in the hippocampus appears to synchronize (同步发生) at a rate of eight heartbeats per second. Heartbeats at this frequency are generally known as “theta (Ѳ) waves”, with stronger Ѳ waves seeming to improve the brain's ability to learn and keep sensory information. When placed in a VR environment, the rat’s Ѳ waves became stronger.
6. According to the passage, why are the new findings important?
A. VR’s contributions to learning have finally been identified.
B. VR can affect electrical activity in the hippocampus neurons.
C. VR produces the same effects on brains as real environments.
D. VR is likely to become another driver for learning and memory.
【解析】答案B。细节理解题。扫描题干与选项，明确考查内容聚焦“new findings”的重要性的原因，回原文查找关于原因内容的描述，根据节选部分的第一段“After monitoring the rats’ brain activity, researchers from the University of California Los Angeles discovered electrical activity in a region known ashe hippocampus neurons (海马体神经元) differed depending on whether the rats were placed in real-world or VR environments. The new findings are significant as(引导原因状语从句) the hippocampus is a primary driver of learning and memory in the brain. (在监测老鼠的大脑活动后，来自加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员发现，海马神经元区域的生物电活动因老鼠被置于真实世界或虚拟现实环境而有所不同。这项新发现意义重大，因为海马体是大脑学习和记忆的主要驱动力)”可知，海马体是大脑学习和记忆的主要驱动力，新发现很重要是因为VR可以影响海马神经元的生物电活动。故选B。
7. What can we learn about Ѳ waves?
A. They don’t respond to different brain rhythms.
B. They remain stable in different environments.
C. They affect how human perceive knowledge.
D. They have little to do with the rate of heartbeats.
【解析】答案C。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确考查内容关于“θ (Ѳ）波”的属性特征，根据节选部分的第二段的细节描述“When rats walk around in real life, electrical activity in the hippocampus appears to synchronize (同步发生)at a rate of eight heartbeats per second. Heartbeats at this frequency are generally known as “theta (Ѳ)waves”, with stronger Ѳ waves seeming to improve the brain’s ability to learn and keep sensory information. When placed in a VR environment, the rat's Ѳ waves became stronger.(当老鼠在现实生活中四处走动时，海马体的电活动似乎以每秒8次心跳的速度同步。这种频率的心跳通常被称为“θ (Ѳ）波”，更强的Ѳ波似乎可以提高大脑学习和保存感官信息的能力。在VR环境中，老鼠的Ѳ波变得更强）”可知，强烈的Ѳ波似乎可以提高大脑学习和保存感官信息的能力，由此可知，给出的正确选项对细节描述部分做了简要的概括，Ѳ波影响着人类感知知识的方式。故选C。
E
(山东省潍坊市2023届高三学科核心素养测评) Almost a decade ago, we wrote, “Without applied research on how to best communicate science online, we risk creating a future where the dynamics of online communication systems have a stronger impact on public views about science than the specific research that we as scientists are trying to communicate.” Since then, the footprint of subscription-based news content has slowly decreased. Meanwhile, various information, either true or false, increasingly dominates social media. Partly as a result, extreme public views on issues such as COVID-19 vaccines or climate change emerge and grow separate.
8. What is the function of applied research on how to communicate science online?
A. To diversify the ways of communicating science.
B. To help the public correctly understand science.
C. To promote the development of social media.
D. To control online communication systems.
【解析】答案B。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确考查内容关于“applied science”的功能作用，对应原文，根据第一段中“Without applied research on how to best communicate science online, we risk creating a future where the dynamics of online communication systems have a stronger impact on public views about science than the specific research that we as scientists are trying to communicate.(如果没有关于如何在网上最好地传播科学的应用研究，我们就冒险在创造一个这样的未来：网络交流系统的动态对公众对科学的看法产生的影响远大于我们作为科学家试图传递的具体研究）”原文和选项内容为正话反说的关系，可知，应用研究的功能是帮助人们正确理解科学。故选B项。
F
(北京市海淀区2023届期末试题) The technique relies on NASA’s Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), a constellation of eight micro-satellites used to predict hurricanes that calculate wind speeds above the ocean by measuring the roughness of surface waters. As the satellites are continuously recording, Ruf and Evans realised that they collect a great deal of additional data. It was while analysing these data that they noticed some differences-times where the surface of the ocean appeared to be much smoother than it should, given the prevailing wind (盛行风) conditions.
Knowing that water isn’t roughened as much when it contains a lot of floating material, Ruf and Evans identified a pattern that linked areas of unusual smoothness and predicted microplastic distributions. They found that the difference between their measurements, and how much rougher the surface would be if winds of the same speed were blowing across clear water, was “highly correlated with the presence of microplastics, and the degree of the difference also correlated with the concentration of the plastics.”
9. According to the passage, CYGNSS ________.
A. has offered data about the repeatable seasonal pattern
B. guides research ships to gather data about sea animals
C. provides unexpected data about the changes of sea surface
D. was designed to measure the distribution of ocean microplastics
【解析】答案C。细节理解题。扫描题干与选项，明确信息考查为事物属性特征及功能等信息，回原文查找解释说明性信息，根据节选部分的第一段“The technique relies on NASA’s Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), a constellation of eight micro-satellites used to predict hurricanes that calculate wind speeds above the ocean by measuring the roughness of surface waters. As the satellites are continuously recording, Ruf and Evans realised that they collect a great deal of additional data.(这项技术依赖于美国宇航局的旋风全球导航卫星系统（CYGNSS），这是一个由八颗微型卫星组成的星座，用于预测飓风，通过测量地表水的粗糙度来计算海洋上方的风速。随着卫星不断记录，鲁夫和埃文斯意识到他们收集了大量额外数据。）”可知，CYGNSS收集到了有关海面变化的大量额外数据，可以提供有关海面变化的额外数据。故选C项。
10. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Microplastics will end up in the stomachs of the ocean organisms.
B. Mlicroplastics play a vital role in the yearly ocean circulation changes.
C. The surface of the ocean can get smoother with more microplastics in it.
D. The new way of tracking microplastics has helped prevent ocean pollution.
【解析】答案C。细节理解题。扫描题干与选项，明确信息考查围绕“microplastics”展开的各个方面的细节描述，回原文锁定相关细节，综合比较，并聚焦原文节选部分的第二段“Knowing that water isn’t roughened as much when it contains a lot of floating material(知道当水中含有大量漂浮物时，水不会变得那么粗糙)”可知，如果水中有微塑料时，水面会变得不那么粗糙，海洋表面会由于海中存在更多的微塑料变得更加光滑。故选C项。
G
(江苏省镇江市2022-2023年度第一学期高三期中试卷) Slowly but surely, offices are beginning to reopen. That means, the work-from-home lifestyle may be coming to a close. Why not spice it up a bit for this last stretch of flexible living and book a killer vacation rental? Here are 4 rentals perfect for you.
San Antonio, Texas
Head deep into the heart of Texas for an enjoyable work-from-home experience at this 3-bedroom Lavaca cottage. And you’ll find a fully private backyard that is perfect for the little ones. The house on its own is excellent, but what is close to downtown San Antonia is like a cherry on top.
Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
Set out for beautiful California and book this beach retreat. You’ll have both the beach and town within walking distance. Charming Carmel has world-class restaurants, art galleries and wine tasting rooms. The beloved treat shop is sure to get your kids on their best behavior!
Scottsdale, Arizona
With over 300 days of sunshine and boundless outdoor activities, Arizona is an outdoor heaven for all ages. Book this massive 5-bedroom desert house, and spend days hiking. Then cool off back at home in your private pool overlooking the mountains. If you’re working from home, you can soak in some pretty evenings and desert sunsets. When you’re not enjoying a barbecue in the backyard, walk into Scottsdale’s modern downtown district for dinner.
The Catskills, New York
Surround yourself with nature while you work-from-home at this quiet and private, 4-acre red cottage in the Catskills region. The charming 2-bedroom house has a huge industrial kitchen, private hot tub and a barbecue. When you have to go back to civilization, the lovable mountain town of Woodstock is just 10 minutes away.
11. What do the four rentals have in common?
A. They have a private backyard. B. They are close to the beach.
C. They provide a barbecue. D. They are near the town or downtown.
【解析】答案D。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确考查异同信息比较，回原文查找各自特征描述，寻找交叉的部分，根据San Antonio, Texas部分的“The house on its own is excellent, but what is close to downtown San Antonia is like a cherry on top.(房子本身就很好，但靠近圣安东尼亚市中心的地方就像锦上添花一样。)”，Carmel-by-the-Sea, California部分的“You’ll have both the beach and town within walking distance.(海滩和城镇都在步行范围内。)”，Scottsdale, Arizona部分的“When you’re not enjoying a barbecue in the backyard, walk into Scottsdale’s modern downtown district for dinner.(如果你不喜欢在后院烧烤，那就走进斯科茨代尔的现代闹市区吃晚餐。)”和The Catskills, New York部分的“When you have to go back to civilization, the lovable mountain town of Woodstock is just 10 minutes away.(当你不得不回到文明世界，可爱的山城伍德斯托克只有10分钟的路程。)”可知，这四套出租房的共同之处在于它们在城镇或市中心附近。故选D。
H
(江苏省苏北六市2023届高三第一次调研英语试题) Christmas wouldn’t be Christmas without mountains of wrapping paper covering the floor on 25 December. Or would it?
A rise in interest in crafting (手工艺), coupled with a greater awareness of the environment under lockdown, has led to an increase in interest in furoshiki-the Japanese art of fabric wrapping this year.
Furoshiki are traditional Japanese cloths used to transport food, clothes or gifts. They are increasingly being accepted by shoppers as an alternative to paper. The cloths are easy to use: gifts are placed in the centre of the fabric, which is then tucked (卷起) around the object and fastened with a knot (结).
Because fabric is so much more malleable (可塑的) than wrapping paper, it can be used to make even the most awkward-shaped gifts look professionally wrapped. The Covid-19 pandemic(大流行病) has brought the environment into a new focus for people, causing people all to make more environmentally conscious decisions around what we buy.
Part of the appeal of fabric wrapping is that it is a present in itself. The receiver can not only enjoy a beautifully wrapped gift but can then reuse the cloth to give a gift of their own.
Some customers use their cloth within family or friendship circles, so that it eventually makes its way back to them. There’s a certain magic and tradition in passing it from person to person.
Then there’s the rising interest in craft. Fabric wrapping is often handmade. Compared to standard wrapping paper, fabric wrapping offers more chances to experiment with different folding techniques and the way it lends itself to botanical decoration. There is a huge appetite for people wanting to learn new craft skills and perhaps create their own gifts for friends and family.
The practice of using furoshiki became widespread during Japan’s Edo period (1603-1868), when people bundled (捆) their clothes in fabric while visiting public baths. The custom was generally the preserve of older people in Japan, but younger generations are getting on board as a result of the pandemic. They have started to reconsider their ways of life.
12. Which of the following can best describe furoshiki?
A. Sustainable. B. Wasteful. C. Complex to knot. D. Awkward to carry.
【解析】答案A。细节理解题。扫描题干，明确该题考查“furoshiki”的属性特征，回原文查找相关细节描述，根据第五段的“The receiver can not only enjoy a beautifully wrapped gift but can then reuse the cloth to give a gift of their own.（收礼人不仅可以欣赏到包装精美的礼物，还可以再利用这些布料来送出自己的礼物）”可知，织物包装可以重复利用，是可持续的。故选A。
13. What is the advantage of furoshiki over standard wrapping paper?
A. It has less human touch. B. It improves gardening skills.
C. It stimulates appetite for food. D. It offers more space for creativity.
【解析】答案D。细节理解题。扫描题干与选项，明确该题涉及同类两种事物的比较，回原文查找承载比较信息的语句(比如compared with/to; contrary to.../sth. Be much more+adj.等)，根据倒数第二段的“Compared to standard wrapping paper, fabric wrapping offers more chances to experiment with different folding techniques (与标准的包装纸相比，织物包装提供了更多的机会来尝试不同的折叠技术)”和“There is a huge appetite for people wanting to learn new craft skills and perhaps create their own gifts for friends and family.（人们对学习新的手艺技能，或者为朋友和家人制作自己的礼物有着巨大的兴趣）”可知，相比于标准包装纸而言，furoshiki为人们的创造力提供了更多空间，故选D。
14. Why does furoshiki begin to be accepted by younger people?
A. It has a long family tradition. B. Pandemic promotes green rethink.
C. Public baths are gaining popularity. D. It’s their turn to preserve the custom.
[解析】答案B。细节理解题。扫描题干,明确该题考查 “furoshiki开始为年轻人接受的原因”，回原文查找显性或隐性的原因表达，根据第四段的“The Covid-19 pandemic(大流行病)has brought the environment into a new focus for people, causing people all to make more environmentally conscious decisions around what we buy.（2019冠状病毒病大流行使环境成为人们关注的新焦点，促使人们在购买产品时做出更有环境意识的决定）”以及最后一段中The custom was generally the preserve of older people in Japan, but younger generations are getting on board as a result of the pandemic. They have started to reconsider their ways of life. 这个风俗习惯原来大体上是老一代的专属工作，但由于疫情年轻一代正在接受这一习俗，他们重新开始思考他们的生活方式，可知，新冠肺炎使人们对使用更环保的产品以保护环境这一理念产生更多思考，即新冠大流行促进了环保反思。故选B。
I
（潮南区2022-2023学年度第二学期期初高三摸底考试）
Spring is coming, and if you’ re not planning on making the most of the great weather, then you’ re seriously missing out. Staying in the UK is an option but, with the chances of rain hardly getting any lower, who would really want to? There are some great spring trips abroad below, offering excitement and relaxation.
Generator Dublin
Thinking of celebrating St Patrick’s Day at the source? If you’ re heading to Ireland’s capital, check out fashionable hotel Generator Dublin, which will be getting into the spirit with drinks deals, great room rates and a performance from First Day Lions.
Located in the centre of the city, it’s close to everything from Dublin Castle to the Guinness Storehouse.
The Living Project
Time spent in nature can help relax body and mind, and the Living Project is launching a series of new mindful activities.
With locations in Dartmoor and the Knoydart islands, it lets you choose from a range of shared experiences ranging from yoga (瑜伽) to guided breath work.
Valiant Lady Virgin Voyages
Virgin Voyages has launched its second ship, Valiant Lady, which will sail Europe while her sister ship, Scarlet Lady, takes care of the Caribbean.
Equipped with 1,330 impressive rooms and 78 “RockStar Quarters”, she also has two “Massive Suites” with their own private hot tub (浴缸). You can also expect first-class entertainment and dining experiences organized by Michelin-starred cooks.
Lonely Planet’s Guide
As we become aware of how to cut down our carbon footprint, train travel becomes popular. Not only is it better for the planet, it can also take you through less frequented landscapes at a slower pace.
Lonely Planet has highlighted dozens of routes which cross the European continent.
15. What makes people take spring trips abroad instead of staying in the UK?
A. Weather B. Entertainment.
C. Food. D. Accommodation.
【解析】答案A。细节理解题。根据第一段“Staying in the UK is an option but, with the chances of rain hardly getting any lower, who would really want to? There are some great spring trips abroad below, offering excitement and relaxation. (留在英国是一个选择，但鉴于下雨的可能性几乎没有降低，谁真的想留在英国呢？以下是一些很棒的春季出国旅行，带给你兴奋和放松。)”可知，英国国内阴雨连绵的天气状况，导致人们选择出国旅行。故选A项。
16. Which trip best suits people who enjoy nature?
A. Generator Dublin. B. The Living Project.
C. Valiant Lady Virgin Voyages. D. Lonely Planet’s Guide.
【解析】答案B。细节理解题。根据The Living Project的第一段“Time spent in nature can help relax body and mind, and the Living Project is launching a series of new mindful activities. (在大自然中度过的时间可以帮助身心放松，‘生活计划’正在推出一系列新的正心活动。)”可知，喜欢大自然的人可以选择The Living Project。故选B项。
17. What can people do in Lonely Planet’s Guide?
A. Enjoy unfrequented landscapes. B. Walk at a slower pace.
C. Highlight dozens of routes. D. Travel on foot.
【解析】答案A。细节理解题。根据Lonely Planet’s Guide的“Not only is it better for the planet, it can also take you through less frequented landscapes at a slower pace. (它不仅对地球更好，还可以带你以较慢的速度穿越不太常见的风景。)”可知，参加Lonely Planet’s Guide，人们可以欣赏不太常见的的风景。故选A项。
J
(四川遂宁市高中2023届三诊考试) At the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia, Halfway in the women’s slalom(障碍滑雪)race, 18-year-old Mikaela Shiffrin took a commanding lead over the greatest women’s slalom skiers in the world. On her final run, she burst from the start house at a breakneck speed, snaking around the poles in crazy rhythm.
Skiing has always been a significant part of Mikaela’s life. Her mom raced and coached skiing and her dad ski raced all through college. The Shiffrins taught Mikaela and her brother, Taylor, to ski at a very young age. At the age of two and a half, Mikaela made her first ski run on plastic skis. From ages 8 to 11, she worked hard, practicing hundreds of training runs on small hills repeatedly to develop the correct techniques of slalom skiing.
When Mikaela was 11, she attended the Burke Mountain Academy, a Vermont boarding school for skiers. She took classes, studied, and practiced her skiing crazily. According to Kirk Dwyer, Burke Mountain Academy headmaster, “It was the degree of Mikaela’s effort to be the best that distinguished her from others. Her commitment to conditioning, having proper sleep, eating correctly, doing the drills, and watching video was unusual for an 11 to 13-year-old. Mikaela practiced more than anyone and believed in herself then and now.”
By the time she was 17, she had already won her first World Cup race.
Working hard is a full-time job for Mikaela. Even her off-season is work time. In the summer, when Mikaela is off the ski slopes and in the gym, her daily training consists of six to seven hours of weight lifting, swimming, and biking to improve her core strength and flexibility. She does all of this so that she can dash down slopes at speeds topping 50 miles per hour while cutting back and forth around gates with astonishing precision.
“If you have passion for your targets, whatever they are,” she says, “the sky is the limit. Give it your all!”
18. What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A. Mikaela came from a skiing family.
B. Mikaela’s mother taught her to ski first.
C. Mikaela trained harder than her brother.
D. Mikaela’s father coached skiing in colleges.
【解析】答案A。细节理解题。根据第二段“Her mom raced and coached skiing and her dad ski raced all through college.( 她的妈妈在滑雪比赛中担任教练，她的爸爸在整个大学期间都在滑雪比赛)”可知米凯拉·希夫林来自于一个滑雪家庭，故选A项。
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