2023届高考英语复习：阅读理解之细节理解题讲义
展开解密08 阅读理解之细节理解题
考点热度 ★★★★☆
内容索引
核心考点1 细节理解题的考查方法
核心考点2 细节理解题的解答方法
规律方法1： 如何解决事实细节题？
做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。
规律方法2：如何解决细节转换题?
细节理解题也叫间接理解题，包括语意转换题、图文转换题和是非判断题。
1. 语意转换题，需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异。解答这类题目时可带着问题，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
2. 图文转换题，在阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中。在解答这类题时，可采用＂文字锁定法＂，找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥，图文互相参照、互相验证，便可确定正确答案。
规律方法3：如何解决数字计算题？
先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
1. 仔细阅读文字说明部分，准确把握图表信息。
2. 仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。
3. 运用数学公式计算，注意巧算。
规律方法4：如何解决细节排序题？
做此类题目可采用＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。
核心技能1：直接细节题的解法
直接信息题一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。
【真题示例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
21．What would you do to get ticket information?
A．Call 13 16 17.
B．Visit translink.com.au.
C．Ask at the local station.
D．Check the train schedule.
【分析】
·第一步 找关键词：ticket information
·第二步 定位到原文：在原文中定位原词ticket information，确定关键句为第一段的第二句“For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.”。
·第三步 比对选项：想要获得票务信息可以咨询当地车站。
核心技能2：间接细节题的解法
间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，要求在理解的基础上，对原文信息进行加工或整理后得出结论。
【真题示例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D)
Dr.Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines.They made a living as divers，spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders，”Dr.Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
34．Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A．They could walk on stilts all day.
B．They had a superb way of fishing.
C．They could stay long underwater.
D．They lived on both land and water.
【分析】
·第一步 找关键词：astonished
·第二步 定位到原文：利用同义词复现确定答案，由关键词astonished定位文中的“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders”为信息句，astonished与amazed为同义词 。
·第三步 比对选项：年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长时间。
核心技能3：加减乘除”破解数字计算题
数字计算题要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。
【真题示例】 (2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读A)
Visitor Information
How__to__Get__to__Holker
By Car：Follow brown signs on A590 from J36，M6.Approximate travel times：Windermere—20 minutes，Kendal—25 minutes，Lancaster—45 minutes，Manchester—1 hour 30 minutes.
By Rail：The nearest station is Cark－in－Cartmel with trains to Carnforth，Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.
Opening__Times
Sunday－Friday (closed on Saturday ) 11：00 am－4：00pm，30th March－2nd November.
Admission__Charges
Hall & Gardens Gardens
Adults： ￡12.00 ￡8.00
Groups: ￡9.00 ￡5.50
22．How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?
A．￡12.00. B．￡ 9.00.
C．￡8.00. D．￡ 5.50.
【分析】
·第一步 找关键词：Hall & Gardens
·第二步 定位到原文：利用原文数据和题干数据关系确定答案，有Admission Charges及Groups：
￡9.00 ￡5.50的内容可直接得出答案。
·第三步 比对选项：团队参观霍克庄园和花园每人是9英镑。
核心技能4：正误判断题的解法
【真题示例】 (2015·浙江卷阅读A)
The children sat stunned and silent.Was this a teacher talking? One girl，who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time，looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished.Then，still looking at me，she said slowly and seriously，“Mr.Holt，do you really mean that？”I said just as seriously，“I mean every word of it.”
During the spring she really astonished me.One day，she was reading at her desk.From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was.I said to myself，“It can’t be，”and went to take a closer look.Sure enough，she was reading Moby Dick，in the edition with woodcuts.I said，“Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going？” She answered，“Oh，sure，but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”
44．Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?
A．She skipped over those easy parts while reading.
B．She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.
C．She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.
D．She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.
【分析】
·第一步 分析选项：标出选项重要信息词。
·第二步 确定目标选项：根据选项重要信息词定位到文中第二段中的“I said，‘Don’t you find parts of it...the next good part.’”确定目标选项A和C。B和D项未提及。
·第三步 逐一对照：虽然女孩读的书有些部分有难度，但是女孩在阅读时，会跳过那些晦涩难懂的部分，选择容易理解的部分来阅读。故A项错误，选C项。
核心技能5：多细节理解题的解法
对于一般的多细节理解题，虽然不像正误判断题一样逐个选项与原文排查，但这类题目的答案也是综合原文多个信息得出的，因此也要不厌其烦，认真分析，方能得出正确答案。
【真题示例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)
Some parents will buy any high－tech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with math－related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知)after controlling for differences in parents’ income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child－parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
24．In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A．Building confidence.
B．Developing spatial skills.
C．Learning self－control.
D．Gaining high－tech knowledge.
【分析】
·第一步 分析题干：根据题干定位到children benefit from puzzle play。
·第二步 一一比对信息源：由第二段中的“Psychologist Susan Levine...spatial skills.” 及第三段内容的信息源，不厌其烦，一一比对。
·第三步 综合概括：孩子们通过玩智力游戏可以培养空间技能。故选B。
