高考英语一轮复习（全国通用版） 主题词汇&阅读 专题12+文化与艺术人物及作品-试卷

话题十二 文化与艺术人物及作品

第一部分 话题词汇积累

单词&短语

1.adaption n.____________     2.author n.____________

3. calligraphy n.____________    4.chapter n.____________

5.collection n.____________     6.inherit v.____________

7.inspect v.____________     8. institute n.____________

9.insurance n.____________     10.interpret v.____________

11.invasion n.____________     12.invisible adj.____________

13.irrigation n.____________     14.jealous adj.____________

15.jungle n.____________     16.justice n.____________

17.kangaroo n.____________     18.lame adj.____________

19.leather n.____________     20.incredible adj.____________

21.individual n./adj.____________   22.inflation n.____________

23.__________________n.珠宝；首饰

24.__________________adj.独立的；自主的

25.__________________n.工业，行业

26.__________________n.影响；作用

27.__________________v.教授，指导，命令

28.__________________n.信息；消息，资料

29.__________________adj.正式的    __________________adj.非正式的

30.__________________v.使受伤；损害

31.__________________v.激发；激励；启发

32.__________________adj.聪明的；智能的

33.__________________n.乐器；器械；手段

34.__________________v.打断；使中断

35.__________________v.采访__________________n.采访者       __________________n.被采访者

36.__________________n.    v.__________________ 发明

37._________________v.       _________________n.邀请

38._________________n.旅行；历程

39._________________n.法官v.判断  _________________n.判断力

40._________________n.幼儿园

41._________________n.知识    ___________________adj.博学的

42._________—(过去式)__________—(过去分词)___________一(现在分词)__________放置，产卵

__________—(过去式)__________—(过去分词)__________一(现在分词)__________平躺

__________—(过去式)___________—(过去分词)__________—(现在分词)__________撒谎

43._____________________________通知某人某事

44.insist on_____________________________

45._____________________________代替，而不是

46._____________________________对……感兴趣

47.be/get involved in/involve oneself in_____________________________

48._____________________________戏弄，开玩笑

49._____________________________从……判断

50.成功的秘诀_____________________________

51.据我所知_____________________________

52.以……而出名_____________________________

53._____________________________因……而出名

54._____________________________为……所熟知

55.the former... the latter_____________________________

56._____________________________引起，导致

57._____________________________过着有意义的生活

58._____________________________把……丢在后面为……留有余地

59._____________________________遗漏

60._____________________________记住

词汇拓展

1.inform v.知会；通知；通告；了解；熟悉；对……有影响

【搭配】 inform sb.of sth.告知某人某事

inform sb.that/wh-……告知某人

inform sb+疑问词+不定式

information n.信息；消息；情报；资料；资讯

They would____________any progress they had made.他们会把他们取得的任何进步都告诉他。

I regret to____________you he died as a consequence of his injuries.

我很遗憾地通知你，他因伤势太重不治身亡。

We need time to____________ourselves thoroughly of the problem.

我们需要时间对这个问题有个透彻的了解。

Religion____________every aspect of their lives.宗教影响着他们生活的各个方面。

All great songs are____________by a certain sadness and tension.

所有很棒的歌曲都透着某种悲伤和张力。

2.insist v.坚决要求；坚持；坚持说；固执己见

【搭配】 insist一般作为不及物动词用，需要在后面加上on/upon才可以加动名词、名词、代词宾语。

它可以接宾语从句。在接宾语从句的时候，如果它的意思是“坚持自己的意见要求别人去做”的时候，它后面的从句需要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形作为谓语。其他的则作为陈述语气，意思是“坚持这样说/认为”。

insist on/upon坚持；强调

She____________on being present at all the interviews她坚持所有采访自己都要在场。

We____________wanting his student to participate in this work.

我们坚持要他的学生参加这项工作。

If you____________that something is the case,you say so very firmly and refuse to say otherwise,even though other people do not believe you.如果你认为这是事实，你就坚持认定，尽管别人不会相信你。My family____________that I(should)not give in,but stay and fight.

家里人坚持认为我不应让步，而应该留下来继续抗争。

活学活用

一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.Since they insist on____________(go),we'll simply push the boat with the current and let them go with us.

2.Leave me out of this quarrel,please I don't want to get____________(involve).

3. Reading is important because it will make me be____________(knowledge)person.a more.

4.In all cases,the key____________success is an ability to understand and work within different cultures.

5.They knew they had done something terribly wrong and____________(lie)to cover it up.

二、翻译句子

1.Don't leave your shopping on the back seat of your car—it's an open invitation to a thief.

_____________________________________________________________________

2.我很荣幸地通知你，你已经被录取了。(inform)

_____________________________________________________________________

3.你在申请单上不要遗漏任何必要的信息。(leave out)

_____________________________________________________________________

4.就我所知，这本书还没有被译成中文。(as far as)

_____________________________________________________________________

参考答案

单词&短语

1.适应，顺应；改编  2.作者；著者  3.书法；笔迹  4.（书）章；回；篇；（人生）阶段，篇章  5.作品集；收藏品  6.继承 7.仔细检查 8.学院 9.保险 10.解释，翻译11.入侵 12.看不见的，无形的 13,灌溉 14.嫉妒的15.丛林 16.正义 17.袋鼠 18.跛的，瘸的 19.皮革20.难以置信的 21.个人，个人的 22.通货膨胀23.jewelry24.independent 25.industry 26.influence 27.instruct28.information 29.formal;informal 30.injure 31.inspire32.intelligent 33.instrument 34.interrupt 35.v. inter-view n. interviewer n.interviewee 36.v. invent n.invention37.w. invite n. invitation 38.journey 39.judge;judgement 40.kindergarten 41.n.knowledge adj. knowledgeable 42.lay—laid—laid—laying lie—lay—lain—lying lie—lied—lied-lying43.inform sb. of sth. 44.坚持；坚决要求 45.instead of46.have/develop an interest in/be interested in 47.参与，参加 48.play a joke/jokes on 49.judging by/from50.the key to success 51.as far as I know 52.be known as 53.be known for 54.be known to 55.前者……后者…… 56.lead to 57.lead a meaningful life 58.leave be-hind;leave room for 59.leave out 60.learn... by heart

词汇拓展

1.inform him of;inform;inform;informs;informed

2.insisted;insist on;insist;insisted

活学活用

一、1.going 2.involved 3.knowledgeable 4.to 5.lied

二、1.别把买的东西放在汽车后座上——那会招来小偷的。

2.I have the honor to inform you that you have been accepted.

3.Don't leave out any necessary information on your application.

4.As far as I know,this book hasn't been translated into Chinese yet.

第二部分 话题阅读训练

（A）阅读理解

The following four famous paintings－from Jan van Eyck's portrait to Pablo Picasso's masterpiece－have stood the test of time.

The Arnolfini Portrait

Jan van Eyck's Arnolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434，in which a man and a woman hold hands with a window behind him and a bed behind her，is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery，London.This painting is not only visually interesting but also famed.It is also an informative document on fifteenth­century society，through Jan van Eyck's heavy use of symbolism－while husbands went out to engage in business，wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.

The Starry Night

Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night，an oil on canvas(油画布)，a moderately abstract landscape painting of a night sky over a small hillside village，during his 12­month stay at the mental hospital in Saint­Rémy­de­Provence，France between 1889 and 1890.When the Museum of Modern Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known，but it has since become one of Vincent van Gogh's most famous works.

The Harvesters

The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565.It depicts(描绘)the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of July and August. Nicolaes Jonghelinck，a merchant banker and art collector from Antwerp, once held this painting.The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City since 1919.

Guernica

Guernica，a large oil painting，was painted by the Cubist (立体派的)Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937.The title Guernica refers to the city that was bombed during the war.The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result，has come to be an antiwar symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war.Today，the painting is housed at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in Madrid.

1．Which of the following paintings was produced earliest?

A．Guernica.　　 B．The Harvesters.

C．The Starry Night. D．The Arnolfini Portrait.

2．Who created the painting describing the harvest seasons?

A．Pieter Bruegel the Elder.

B．Vincent van Gogh.

C．Jan van Eyck.

D．Pablo Picasso.

3．What do we know about the painting The Starry Night?

A．It was painted on wood in oils.

B．It described the painter's life in hospital.

C．It wasn't widely recognized before 1941.

D．It was given away to the museum by a collector.

解析：

【语篇解读】　本文介绍了四幅世界绘画名作的相关情况，包括其创作时间、画作内容等。

1.D　[细节理解题。根据文章对四幅画的介绍可知，The Arnolfini Portrait的创作时间是1434年，The Starry Night创作于1889至1890年间，The Harvesters创作于1565年，Guernica创作于1937年。对上述四幅画的创作时间进行对比可知，D项正确。]

2.A　[细节理解题。根据The Harvesters部分第二句“It depicts(描绘)the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of July and August”可知，Pieter Bruegel the Elder的画作描述了丰收季节的情况。故选A。 ]

3.C　[细节理解题。根据The Starry Night部分最后一句可知，1941年，当纽约现代艺术博物馆从一位私人收藏家手中买下这幅画时，它并不太有名，但后来却成为梵高最著名的作品之一。故选C。]

（B）七选五

Cayce Zavaglia is an artist with a unique transformation to her work.  1  Painting with tiny needles is not as fast as painting with a brush.  2  It takes two months-nearly 200 hours to complete a portrait.

3  Once she decides, she invites that person to her studio and takes hundreds of photographs. She studies the way the light falls across the person's face. After many hours of studying the photos, she chooses the perfect one for her portrait. Next, she enlarges the photo on a canvas(画布)。Then, she matches the colors in the photo and the stitching begins.

Cayce starts with the hair and forehead, then moves on to the shoulders and clothing, and finally the face. The human face is what she most enjoys creating in her art.  4  In a portrait of her baby daughter, the skin appears soft and smooth. In a portrait of her dad, the stitches show a wrinkled and aging face.

Cayce believes her success depends on three things: her choice of colors, the length and direction of the stitches, and her ability to make the portrait look true. She loves the surprise when people view her art. From a distance, people believe the portraits are painted.  5 

A. She makes sure the person looks straight into her.

B. The biggest challenge is making the skin look real.

C. Instead of painting with a brush, she sews with a needle.

D. Cayce's first step is deciding who will be in the portrait.

E. She loves creating portraits of her family and close friends.

F. It requires a lot of patience, for you often have to rethread your needle.

G. But when they take a closer look, they see the portrait has been embroidered.

1.____________     2. ____________     3. ____________     4. ____________     5. ____________    

答案:

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位用针作画的艺术家 Cayce Zavaglia(凯西·扎瓦利亚)。

1.C [根据下文“Painting with tiny needles is not as fast as painting with a brush.(用细针作画不如用刷子作画快。)”可知，C项(她不是用刷子画画，而是用针。)引出下文。故选C.]

2.F [根据下文“It takes two months-nearly 200 hours to complete a portrait.(完成一幅肖像画需要两个月一一近200个小时。)”可知，设空处解释为什么用针作画很慢。F项(这需要很大的耐心，因为你经常要重新穿针。)引出下文。故选F.]

3.D [根据下文“Once she decides, she invites that person to her studio and takes hundreds of photographs.(一旦她决定了，她会邀请那个人到她的工作室，拍上数百张照片。)”可知，D项(凯西的第一步是决定谁将出现在画像中。)引出下文。故选D.]

4.B [根据下文“In a portrait of her baby daughter, the skin appears soft and smooth. In a portrait of her dad, the stitches show a wrinkled and aging face.(在她的小女儿的肖像中，皮肤显得柔软光滑。在她父亲的肖像中，缝线显示出皱纹和衰老的脸。)”可知，B项(最大的挑战是让皮肤看起来真实。)引出下文。故选B.]

5.G [根据上文“From a distance, people believe the portraits are painted.(从远处看，人们认为画像是画出来的。)”可知，G项(但是当他们仔细看的时候，他们看到画像是绣出来的。)承接上文。故选G.]