【暑假高三预备】新高考地区英语高二（升高三）暑假专项-第07讲 主谓一致 讲学案

第07讲主谓一致讲与练

【学习目标】

1. 了解主谓一致的原则
2. 能够识别并正确运用主谓一致

【基础知识】

主谓一致

主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。做题时还要保证时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。

1．语法一致原则

(1)当主语后面接由as well as,  accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than, with, together with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。

①The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.

那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。

②My father, together with his workmates, has been to Beijing.

我父亲和他的同事们去过北京。

(2)由lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。

③A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school.

很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。

④A great deal of water is polluted every year.

每年大量的水被污染。

但quantities/amounts of修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity和amount的单复数形式。

⑤Quantities of information are available on the Internet.

在网上可得到大量的信息。

(3)定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。

⑥Those who were praised  at the meeting would be sent to America for further study.

在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。

⑦He married Mary, which was very natural.

他娶了玛丽，这是很自然的事。

(4)倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致

a．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面的主语是复数，动词用复数。

⑧A building stands in front of us.

→In front of us stands a building.

我们面前矗立着一栋楼。

⑨Rows of fruit trees were on either side.

→On either side were rows of fruit trees.

在每一边都有一排排的果树。

b．在强调句中，如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词that(或who)后面的谓语与被强调的成分在人称和数上保持一致。

⑩I am a doctor.

→It is I who am a doctor.

我是一名医生。

⑪He is a doctor.

→It is he who is a doctor.

他是一名医生。

2．就近一致原则

(1)由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

①Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music of this kind.

不仅学生们而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。

②Neither the children nor the mother knows anything about it.

孩子们和母亲都不知道这件事。

(2)在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。

③There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.

桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。

→There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.

桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。

3．意义一致原则

(1)and, both ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。

①Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting room.

她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。

②The poet and writer has produced many works.

这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。

(2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。

③Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held next Sunday.

每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。

(3)动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。

④To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think.

学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。

⑤That he has won the game is known to us all.

他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。

⑥Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport, but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower.

夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。

[注意]　从句作主语时，若主句谓语部分为系表结构，主句谓语的数通常由作表语的名词/代词决定。

⑦What they need is money while what we need most are textbooks.

他们需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教科书。

(4)含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况：

a．many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

⑧Many a parent was forced to go through this same painful process.

很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。

b．the rest, the remaining/part ...，plenty of, a great deal of等＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。

⑨The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was very boring.

讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。

c．分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。

⑩About one third of the books are worth reading.

这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。

⑪Only 60 percent of the work was finished yesterday.

昨天只干了60%的活。

[注意]　population由分数或百分数修饰时，谓语动词用复数。

Two­thirds of population have been killed in the accident.

在这次事故中2/3的人丧生。

(5)“a number of＋复数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

⑫A number of students are going for a picnic this weekend.

这个周末许多学生打算去野炊。

⑬The number of days in February this year is 28.

今年二月份的天数是二十八天。

(6)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。

⑭The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.

这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。

⑮The class are doing experiments.

全班学生都在做实验。

[注意]　（1）people， cattle， police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式。

(2)单复数同形的名词，如：deer， sheep， fish， means， works， Chinese等作主语时，要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。

(7)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。

⑯Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.

对于一个男孩来说，3,000美元是一笔大数目。

(8)以­s/­ics结尾的学科名词，如physics, politics等及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

⑰Bad news travels quickly.

[谚语]坏事传千里。

误区分析

误区一　句子没有谓语动词或一个句子中出现多个谓语

(1)【误】The windows broken.

【正】The windows are/were broken.

[分析]　“窗户应为被打破”，故应用被动语态，如直接用过去分词broken，句子则缺少谓语成分。此处也可将broken看作过去分词转化的形容词作表语。

(2)【误】Today, the  number of people learn English is increasing rapidly in China.

【正】Today, the  number of people who learn English is increasing rapidly in China.

【正】Today, the  number of people learning English is increasing rapidly in China.

[分析]　一个句子中只能有一个谓语，如出现两个(或两个以上)的谓语，须将另外出现的动词改为非谓语动词形式或用从句进行表述。

误区二　中式英语

(1)【误】I very like listen music and every day I also will see some newspapers.

【正】I like listening to music very much and every day I read some newspapers as well. (习惯性动作用一般现在时)

[分析]　修饰动词like应用副词(短语)；like后应加动名词或不定式，而不能直接跟动词原形；“看报纸”，在英语中用read而不用see，此为习惯表达。

(2)【误】I don't know I should do what.

【正】I don't know what I should do.

[分析]　know后为宾语从句，what引导宾语从句且在从句中作宾语，引导词应放于从句句首，注意中英表达中语序的差异。

(3)【误】Our village has taken place great changes.

【误】Great changes have been taken place in our village.

【正】Great changes have taken place in our village.

[分析]　take place为不及物动词短语，主语应是“事”而非“人”，且不能用于被动语态。

[注意]　造成以上错误的原因一方面在于对动词的语法功能和五种基本句式掌握不牢固，另一方面则是由于不了解中英表达的差异，受汉语干扰过大，这两类错误是特别容易犯的错误，尤其是在写作中，应高度重视。总之，这些错误都是由于基础薄弱而致，所以平时应多记多背多分析，不断积累总结，才能厚积薄发。

误区三　动词时态的误用

(1)【误】She promised that she will not let out the plan to the press.

【正】She promised that she would not let out the plan to the press.

[分析]　在宾语从句中，主从句的时态要保持前后一致。本句主句是一般过去时，故从句也要用相应的过去将来时态。

(2)【误】To arrange for an appointment with us, please complete the reply slip and sent it back to us.

【正】To arrange for an appointment with us, please complete the reply slip and send it back to us.

[分析]　根据语境以及and可知，sent应与complete保持一致，故sent改为send。

(3)【误】By the time you will arrive in London, we will have been in Europe for two weeks.

【正】By the time you arrive in London, we will have been in Europe for two weeks.

[分析]　by the time后的时间状语从句一般用现在时表将来。

(4)【误】The detective fixed his sharp eyes on the box, wondering whether he saw it somewhere before.

【正】The detective fixed his sharp eyes on the box, wondering whether he had seen it somewhere before.

[分析]　分析语境可知，see的动作发生在“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。

(5)【误】Nancy is not coming tonight. But she has promised!

【正】Nancy is not coming tonight. But she promised!

[分析]　根据语境“南希答应要来”可知，promise的动作发生在过去，与现在时间无关，故用一般过去时。

误区四　动词语态的误用

(1)【误】The book which had been lost returned to the library.

【正】The book which had been lost was returned to the library.

[分析]　return是及物动词，句子的主语The book与之构成被动关系，表示“被归还”，故returned前加was。

(2)【误】There's a feeling among a lot of people that music has been become too commercial in recent years.

【正】There's a feeling among a lot of people that music has become too commercial in recent years.

[分析]　become意为“变得，变成”，不及物动词不能使用被动语态。

[注意]　造成以上错误主要是因为对动词的时态和语态了解不够透彻，可从三方面入手：①翻译；②注意句中的动词是及物动词还是不及物动词；③注意其他提示信息，如主句的时态、时间状语、关键词等。当然要处理好此类问题还要系统全面地学习，应对此部分所讲内容认真学习，碰到错误，对照所讲知识找出错误根源，才能不断进步。

误区五　主谓一致中常见的误用

(1)【误】My dream school look like a big garden.

【正】My dream school looks like a big garden.

[分析]　主语My dream school是单数，故谓语动词也应该用单数形式。

(2)【误】Jeff is the only one of the journalists who were awarded.

【正】Jeff is the only one of the journalists who was awarded.

[分析]　本句中的中心词是the only one，因此定语从句中谓语动词的数需要根据the only one而定。

(3)【误】The teacher, as well as his students, are going to see the film this afternoon.

【正】The teacher, as well as his students, is going to see the film this afternoon.

[分析]　当主语后面接由as well as构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依其前面主语的单复数而定，本句主语为The teacher。

(4)【误】Not only my parents but also I are good at dancing and singing.

【正】Not only my parents but also I am good at dancing and singing.

[分析]　not only ... but also ... 连接主语时，谓语遵循就近一致原则。

(5)【误】Among all my friends are a special one I'm most thankful to.

【正】Among all my friends is a special one I'm most thankful to.

[分析]　此句是倒装句，主语a special one是单数形式，故谓语动词也用单数形式。

[注意]　主谓一致的误用主要出现在三大原则的特殊情况中，如非谓语动词或从句作主语时、特殊名词特别是由特定连词连接的名词作主语时、就近原则与就远原则时，以及倒装句和定语从句中的特殊情况，因此除了知道基础语法的同时，还应加强留意特殊情况的积累、纠错。

【考点剖析】

1.The musician along with his band members ______________(give) ten performances in the last three months.

【答案】has given

【解析】in the last three months常与现在完成时连用；along with his band member是介词短语，真正主语是The musician。故答案是has given。

2. Either you or one of your students _______ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

【答案】is

【解析】either…or…表示“或者……或者……”，这里距离谓语最近的主语是one of your students，单数意义。be to do表示按计划将要发生，故答案是is。

3. What we used to think _______(be) impossible now does seem possible.

【答案】 was

【解析】used to do表示“过去常常会”，因此谓语应用一般过去时；同时从句作主语位于应用单数，故答案是was。

4. It is I, who _______ (be) your teacher, will try my best to help you out.

【答案】am

【解析】在It is…that…强调句型中被强调部分是主语时，who/that后面谓语应与该主语保持一致。故答案是am。

5. It is reported that many a new house_______________(build) at present in the disaster area.

【答案】is being built

【解析】many a new house表示“许多房屋”，但是遵循“语法一致”，谓语用单数；结合语境应用现在进行时的被动语态。故答案是is being built。

【真题演练】

1.(2020全国II)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers __________ (carry) special significance.

【答案】carries

【解析】 carries。动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers作主语，谓语用单数。

2.(2019全国Ⅰ) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.  

【答案】are

【解析】结合语境应用一般现在时，构成并列句，six 指六个是复数故用are。

3.(2019全国II) I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _______ (make) over the years.

【答案】 have made

【解析】时间状语over the years是关键，常与现在完成时连用又因主语是复数所以用have。

4. (2017全国Ⅰ)When fat and salt__________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.

【答案】are removed

【解析】结合后面主句判断这里应用一般现在时的被动语态；同时主语是两个不同概念，复数意义。

5. (2016全国 II) Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __________(be) often acceptable.

【答案】 is

【解析】动名词短语Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 作主语，谓语用单数。

【过关检测】

1.Amy, as well as her brothers, _____________ (give) a welcome when returning to the village last week.

【答案】 was given

【解析】last week常与一般过去时连用；as well as her brothers表示“也，而且”，谓语与真正的主语Tom保持一致，单数意义，又是被动语态。故答案是was given。

2. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _____________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.

【答案】is regarded

【解析】Nowadays常与一般现在时连用；along with jogging and swimming是介词短语，真正主语是cycling，单数意义，又是被动含义。故答案是is regarded。

3. Not only I but also David and Iris _______ (be) fond of playing basketball.

【答案】are

【解析】not only…but also…表示“不但……而且……”，这里距离谓语最近的主语是David and Iris，复数意义。故答案是are。

4. The following _______ (be) some other examples for you to refer to.  

【答案】are

【解析】The following….属于倒装句，be动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。本句主语是some other examples，故答案是are。

5. There _______(be) millions of websites on the Internet and there _______(be) a lot of useful information on the websites.

【答案】are; is

【解析】There be…句型属于倒装句，be动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。两句主语分别是millions of websites和a lot of useful information，故答案是are; is。

6 Between the two rows of trees __________(stand) the newly built teaching building.

【答案】stands

【解析】本句是介词短语位于句首构成倒装句，真正的主语是the newly built teaching building，单数意义。故答案是stands。

7. Her family_________ (be) larger than mine and her family __________ (watch) TV now.

【答案】is；are watching

【解析】该句意为.他们家庭比我们家大，现在她的家人们正在看电视。第一空family指整体，单数；第二空指家庭成员，应用复数。故答案是is；are watching。

8. Every possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

【答案】has been tried

【解析】means用作名词，表示“方式；方法”，单复数同形。本句中means前边有限定词every,单数意义，故答案是has been tried。

9. Three years___________(pass) since they met last time, and for them, three years_____(be) really a long time.

【答案】has passed; is

【解析】前半句since应与现在完成时连用；时间、距离、金钱类名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数；第二空仍是单数意义，故答案是has passed; is。

10. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ___________(cause) hearing loss in some teenagers.

【答案】 has caused

【解析】动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数，结合语境应用现在完成时，故答案是has caused。

11. When and where to build the new factory ______________(not, decide) yet.

【答案】isn’t decided /hasn’t been decided

【解析】动词不定式短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数；结合语境应用被动语态，故答案是isn’t decided /hasn’t been decided。

12. What we need _______ (be) enough water, but what they need _______ (be) houses.

【答案】is; are

【解析】What引导主语从句且其解释作用，谓语动词应与be动词后面名词单复数保持一致，故答案是is; are。

13. One-third of the country__________(cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens _______ (be) black people.

【答案】is covered; are

【解析】分数作主语，谓语动词应与后面中心名词单复数保持一致，本句分数后面中心名词是the country，单数意义；be covered with是固定词组；the majority of…短语作主语，也与中心名词一致；这里是the citizens，应用复数。故答案是is covered; are。

14. 40% of the population in that country ________(be) young, and two thirds of them _________(not) know how to read and write.

【答案】 are; don’t

【解析】population作主语，谓语常用单数；若population被百分数、分数修饰谓语动词应用复数，故答案是are; don’t。

15. A poet and artist _______ (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature this afternoon.

【答案】is

【解析】A poet and artist表示“一位作家兼诗人”作主语，指一个人，谓语用单数，故答案是is。

16. Butter and bread ________(be) their daily food, but the bread and the butter __________(eat) up so far.

【答案】is; have been eaten

【解析】Butter and bread表示“黄油面包”，视为一个整体；第二空则指两件物品，应用复数，so far常与现在完成时连用，故答案是is; have been eaten。

17. Early to bed and early to rise __________(make) a man healthy, happy and wise.

【答案】makes

【解析】该句意为.早睡早起让人健康、快乐、明智。早睡早起都做到才算一个习惯，视为整体，故答案是makes。

18.In our country every boy and every girl ________(have) the right to receive education.

【答案】has

【解析】由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果有each, every时，其谓语要用单数形式，故答案是has。