【暑假提升】人教版2019英语高一（升高二）暑假选修1-专题08 Unit 3 V ing作主语 单元语法精讲+自我检测

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专题08 Unit 3 V-ing作主语-单元语法精讲+自我检测
【语法精讲】
V-ing形式
语态形式
时态形式
主动
被动
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done

1．动词-ing形式作主语(doing/being done作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)
(1)动名词短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数，但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。
Playing cellphone games is his favourite.
玩手机游戏是他的最爱。
Dancing and skating are my hobbies，and I also like to read short stories.
跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好，同时我也喜欢读短篇小说。
Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed.
当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。
(2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth.结构中。
It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person.
想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。
2．动词-ing形式作宾语(doing/being done作宾语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)
(1)动词-ing 形式可以作介词的宾语
I help Mum out by doing the housework that I can do.
我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。
注意：以下短语中to 都是介词
be used to doing习惯于　object to 反对　devote oneself to 致力于　stick to坚持　 pay attention to注意　look forward to期盼　adapt to适应　adjust to (使)适应于　owe...to归咎于　be addicted to对……上瘾
(2)动词-ing形式可以作某些及物动词的宾语，只跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词有：
mind(介意)，miss(错过)，mention(提到)，enjoy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，practise(练习)，postpone(推迟)，permit(允许)，suggest(建议)，stand(bear，tolerate)(忍受)，consider(考虑)，keep(保持)，avoid(避免)，admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allow(允许)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒险)，resist(抵制)，recommend(建议)，finish(完成)，forbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜欢)，delay(延迟)，quit(放弃)，deny(否认)
The thief kept running to avoid/escape being caught by the police.
小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。
小汤姆正考虑放弃练习拉小提琴，因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪音。前几天，她答应每周给汤姆10美元如果他放弃练琴的话。 汤姆想象着有很多钱，忍不住接受了她的建议。
3．动词-ing形式作表语
(1)doing作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。(此时doing 名词意义较强，doing/being done作表语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)
My hobby is reading books.
我的兴趣爱好是读书。
(2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，boring，confusing，disappointing，exciting，frightening 等等。
The news is surprising.
这则消息令人吃惊。
4．动词-ing形式作定语(当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系且动作正在进行时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done)
(1)单个的动词-ing 形式作定语，放在被修饰词之前。
falling leaves正在落下的树叶　a sleeping child睡着的孩子
a swimming pool游泳池　(动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能)
5．动词-ing形式作状语
Walking in the street，I came across an old friend.
走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。
已经排了两小时的队，这个老人变得不耐烦了。
6．动词-ing形式作宾补
现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt.＋sb./sth.＋doing...。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：“一感一抓一发现，二听四让和五看”(feel，catch，find，listen to/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/look at/observe/notice)
When I left school，I saw them playing basketball on the playground.
当我离开学校时，我看到他们在操场上打篮球。
【自我检测】
I.单项选择。
1. The bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday.
A. being robbed B. to have been robbed
C. robbed D. having been robbed
解析：答案是B 动词不定式完成时的用法有二一是表示过去完成的动作，二是表示与过去事实相反的动作。本题考查Sb is reported/said to do结构中完成时的用法。故选B。
2. He sat back on the chair, took a book and began to read, ___.
A. being looked at ease B. looked rather at ease
C. to look rather at ease D. looking rather at ease
解析：答案是D 本题考查-ing形式作伴随状语的用法。and放在began前表示sat、took与began是并列的，look发出的动作作伴随。故选D。
3. With online course Crazy English has over 20 million students all over China the class through the Internet .
A. attend B. attended C. attending D. to be attending
解析：答案是C 本题考查have sb do/doing；have sth done的用法区别。have sb do 让某人做某事，have sb doing，让某人处于某种状态，have sth done让别人做某事。故选C。
4. Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear                                 B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard                                D. to make herself heard
解析：D. 因为Hellen要使自己讲的话被别人听到，所以要用过去分词作宾补，即：make herself heard；又因为make herself heard是shout的目的，所以用不定式。
5. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form                   B. form          C. forming                D. having formed
解析： C. form表示“出现、产生”，是不及物动词，又因为pictures与form是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。
6.We saw new houses wherever we went on our visit.
A. built B. being built C. building D. to build
解析：答案是 B 本题考查非谓语动词充当宾语补足语的用法。过去分词表示被动和完成，-ing形式表示正在进行；在see 、watch、 make、 hear等词后的宾语补足语应用不带to的不定式，表示动作的全过程。本句句意为不管我们到哪儿参观，都看到新房子正在建设，且build与houses存在被动关系；故选B。
7.That gas pipeline project, in July 2002 and in 2005, will be China’s longest gas pipeline in history.
A. starting; completing B. started; to be completed
C. to start; completed D. starting; completed
解析：答案是B 本题考查非谓语动词充当定语的用法。start发生在过去，complete将发生在将来，且都与project存在着被动关系。故选B。
8. The man insisted ________ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find                        B. to find                  C. on finding               D. in finding
解析：C. 因为insist后要么接that从句，要么接on sth. 或on doing sth. ，没有别的接法，所以选C。insist on doing坚持要做某事。
9. He can’t make himself _______. His spoken English really needs ________.
A. understand, improving    B. understood, improving
C. understand, to improve   D. understood, to improve
解析：答案是B 前半句的意思是让自己被别人理解,所以要用understood,后面半句need后面是加ing形式表示被动的
10. The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work                  B. working        C. to have worked       D. having worked
解析：D. 因work abroad for twenty years发生在谓语动作(返回祖国)之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。
11. You were silly not ________ your car.
A. to lock                    B. to have locked       C. locking       D. having locked
解析： B. 因为现在分词作状语只能修饰谓语，而不定式作状语，既可修饰谓语又可修修饰形容词或副词，此处修饰形容词silly，要用不定式。又因为“没有锁车”发生在谓语之前，所以用完成式。
12. Comparison may make something appear more beautiful than it is when alone.
A. to see B. seeing C. is seen D. seen
解析：答案是D 本题可采用增元法。When it is_____alone(当单独看它时)。显然，D为最佳选项。
13.—What happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night ?
—I lost my way in complete darkness and , things worse , it began to pour .
A. making B. to make C. having made D. made
解析：答案是 B to make things worse/worse still/what’s worse更糟糕的是，是一固定短语，多充当插入成份。故选B。
14. It rained nonstop for ten days , completely our holiday.
A. to ruin B. ruined C. having ruined D. ruining
解析：答案是 D 本题的语言环境为雨连续下了10天，把我们的假期完全破坏了。动词的-ing形式在此作结果状语。故选D。
15. Don’t leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth.
A. run                         B. running                 C. being run                D. to run
解析：B. 因句中的the water与run是主动关系，故选B。leave sth doing sth 意为“使某物一直在做某事”。
16. I understand _______ to discuss the matter.
A. your not wanting           B. not your wanting
C. you not to want             D. you to not want
解析：答案是A 非谓语动词（动名词）wanting to discuss the matter做understand的宾语，如果是否定not放在动词之前，即放在wanting之前。
17. Don’t be late. No one would like ________.
A. to be kept waiting          B. being kept waiting
C. to be kept to wait           D. being kept to wait
解析：答案是A would like to do sth 喜欢做某事，想要做某事
18. David apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able　　　　　　　　 B. him not to be able
C. his not being able　　　　　　　　 D. him to he not able
解析：答案是 C 介词for后应用动词的-ing形式，排除B、D；所有非谓语动词的否定词not都应加在非谓语动词之前，即not to do ,not doing, not having done, not done,故选C。
19. At the seventh International Ballet Competitions , Fernando Bujones won the first gold medal ever to an American male dancer .
A. awarded B. to be award C. being awarded D. should be awarding
解析：答案是A 本题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法。award与修饰的名词medal存在着被动关系，且发生在主句动作won之前，故选A。
20. When flint ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing              B. introduced          C. introduce        D. being introduced
解析：B. 因为flint与introduce(引入)是被动关系，所以用过去分词。
21. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window.
A. looking                    B. to look                C. looked              D. having looked
解析：A. looking out of the window 为伴随状语。
22. Tom does speak Chinese well, but his reading and writing skills leave much _______.
A. to improve B. to be improved C. improving D. improved
解析：答案是 B improve与much之间存在被动关系，且还未发生；若用improved，则表示已完成。故选B。
23. To get an education, _______.
A. working hard is very important B. working hard is needed
C. one must work hard D. it is needed to work hard
解析：答案是C 非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语要和主句的主语保持一致。to get的逻辑主语应为one(人)。故选C。
24.—Where is our English teacher?
—She is in the classroom, _____ the exercises _________ the students have done at home.
A. explaining; / B. explaining; for
C. explained; to D. explained; from
解析：答案是A explain的逻辑主语是she，用explaining表伴随状语，the students have done at home为定语从句，省略了关系代词that/which。故选A。
25. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking           B. me taking          C. for me to take          D. me to take
解析：D. 因为在encourage, persuade, tell, ask, want, order, force等后要用不定式作宾补。encourage sb. to do sth. 意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
26. ________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait        B. Have waited           C. Having waited     D. To have waited
解析：C. 因“等了半个小时”发生在realized之前，故用现在分词的完成式。
27 . —I really appreciate to holiday with you on this nice island .
—It’s my pleasure .
A. have time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time
解析：答案是 B appreciate enjoy finish avoid动词后应用动词的-ing形式充当宾语。故选B。
28. ______ as the “First Lady of Speech”, Dr Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world’s leading experts on communication skills.
A. Knowing B. Having known C. Known D. To be known
解析：答案是 C know 与Dr Lillian Glass存在被动关系，应用过去分词。故选C。
29.At the computer operation test, one is supposed to stay at his own machine, keep his eyes on his screen, ______ to anyone.
A. and not to speak B. but could not speak
C. instead of speaking D. or rather speak
解析：答案是A not speak与to stay at his own machine，keep his eyes on his screen是并列关系，形式应一致。故选A。
30 .They really have a great time too , designing everything , drawing the blue prints , the angles and so on .
A. looking out B. taking out C. finding out D. figuring out
解析：答案是 D figure out 与design，draw是并列的，作状语，结构形式上也应一样。故选D。
31. Mr Smith dislikes ______ such clothes but his wife likes _____ them.
A. to wear, to wear          B. to wear, wearing
C. wearing, to wear          D. wearing, wear
解析：答案是C dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事 like to do sth（like doing sth） 喜欢做某事
32. _____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. Walk                          B. Walking
C. The walk                    D. To walk
解析：答案是B 动名词做主语，所以walk加ing，walking the walk偏向“散步这项运动”的意思，the一般都是特指
33. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, __ as 3M.
A. knowing                 B. known        C. being known            D. to be known
解析：B. 因为the…company与know是被动关系，所以用过去分词短语作定语，known as 3M = which was known as 3M。
34. With a lot of difficult problems ____, the manager felt worried all the time.
A. settled B. to be settled C. settling D. to settle
解析：答案是B 本题考察with+宾语复合结构的用法。用动词不定式to be settled作宾语补足语,表示动作还未发生。经理之所以这么焦急是因为有很多困难要处理。
35. ____ at a college or university in the USA, Chinese and other international students must demonstrate a strong ability in spoken and written English.
A. Having been accepted B. To be accepted
C. Being accepted D. Accepted
解析：答案是B 要想被美国的大学接受，外国留学生要有较好的口语和书面语的能力。动词不定式to be accepted在句中作目的状语。
36. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to ________ before the party.
A. get changed             B. get change            
C. get changing           D. get to change
解析：A. get changed 意为“换衣服”。比较：get paid(获得报酬)，get dressed(穿衣服)等。
37. ________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to stay another two days off the farm.
A. Attracting         B. Attracted        C. To be attracted        D. Having attracted
解析：B. 因为句子主语the girl与attract是被动关系，所以用过去分词短语作状语，表示原因。
38. What is the way George thought of enough money to buy the house?
A. to get B. getting C. having got D. being got
解析：答案是A 此题可采用减元法。 George thought of 是way 的定语从句，可以去掉，则该句变为What is the way_____ enough money to buy the house？way的定语可用to do或of doing。故选A。
39. —Henry doesn’t seem like the same person.
— so much in the war has made him more thoughtful.
A. For him to see B. His seeing C. Having seen D. To be seeing
解析：答案是B 很明显答语在结构上缺少主语。To do 与-ing都可充当主语，但 to do充当主语多表示某一具体的动作，且多表将来。故选B。
40. Please excuse me ______ your letter by mistake.
A. to open                        B. to have opened
C. for opening                  D. in opening
解析：答案是C excuse sb for doing sth 意为“原谅某人做了某事”。
41. Certainly I posted your letter — I remember ______ it.
A. posting                        B. to post
C. to be posting                D. have posted
解析：答案是A remember doing sth = 记住曾经做过的事，remember to do sth = 记住要做的事。
42. I don’t know whether you happen ________ , but I’m going to study in the U. S. A. this September.
A. to be heard              B. to be hearing          C. to hear      D. to have heard
解析：D. 因为happen后接动词不定式是表示“碰巧做某事”；又hear发生在谓语don’t know之前，所以要用不定式的完成式。句意是：我不知道你是否已经听说过了，今年九月我要去美国学习。
43. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ the film stars had left.
A. to tell                      B. to be told                C. telling                    D. told
解析：B. 因为only是提醒我们要用不定式表示结果的一个重要标志词；不定式表示结果，不定式的动作发生在谓语之后；又因为the news reporters与tell是被动关系，所以要用不定式的被动式。
44. If the car won’t start, ______ it.
A. try push                      B. try pushing
C. to try pushing              D. to try to push
解析：答案是B try doing 意为“试着做某事”,try to do 是“尽力,竭尽全力去做事情”的意思
45. When you’re learning to drive, _____ a good teacher makes a big difference.
A. have                           B. having
C. and have                     D. and having
解析：答案是B 这是动名词作主语
46. Which do you enjoy ______ your holiday, going abroad or staying at home?
A. spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend
解析：答案是B 此题极易受enjoy后接动词-ing形式的干扰，从而错选A或C。其实，enjoy的宾语是which，即在going abroad与staying at home作出选择；to spend your holiday是作目的状语的。故选B。
47. This problem is far from , so it has to be discussed again at tomorrow’s meeting.
A. settled B. settling C. being settled D. being settling
解析：答案是C 介词from后应用动词的-ing形式，且settle与problem之间存在着被动关系，故选C。
48. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.
A. pass           B. to pass                   C. passed                    D. passing
解析：D. 因为have a hard time doing sth. 与have difficulty doing sth. 相当，意为“在做某事方面有困难”。
49. ________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.
A. Compare        B. When comparing     C. Comparing           D. When compared
解析：D. 因为the biggest ocean与compare是被动关系，所以要用过去分词。When compared with…=When the biggest ocean is compared with…=When we compare the biggest ocean with…
50. ________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing                                          B. Not completed
C. Not having completed                                 D. Having not completed
解析：C. 首先，非谓语动词的否定式要将not, never等放在非谓语动词的前面，所以不能选D。其次，由于“没有完成”与“决定再呆两周”有先后关系，故用现在分词的完成式。
51. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ________ it—you’ve got some big bills coming.
A. forget                     B. forgot                    C. forgetting                  D. to forget
解析：A. 因为口语中you had better常被说成you’d better，甚至说成better，本句就属这种情况，其后要接不带to的不定式，即：动词原形。
II. 非谓语动词易错题型练习
1 (1)I regret ____ you that your mother is absent in Beijing.
⑵I don’t regret ____ her what I thought even if it might have upset her.
A. to tell B. to telling C. having told D. tell
2. ⑴We don’t allow _____ in the reading room. ⑵We don’t allow them _____ in the reading room.
A. to smoke B. smoking C. smoke D. smoked
3.(1)___hard and you’ll make rapid progress in your English learning.
⑵___hard, you’ll make rapid progress in your English learning.
A. Working B. To work C. Work D. Worked
4. ⑴_____ , we went for a swim in the river. ⑵_____, so we went for a swim in the river.
5. A. Being hot B. It being hot C. As it hot D. It was hot
5.⑴I can’t help ____ when I hear that terrible noise. A. laughing B. laughed C. laugh D. being laughed
(2)I can’t help ____ the room, for I am very busy now. A. clean B. cleaning C. have clean D. cleaned
6.⑴_____from the tower, Dalian looks more beautiful.
⑵_____ from the tower, we can see our beautiful city .
A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. Having seen
7. ⑴The sport meet ______ next week is of great importance.
⑵The sports meet ______ now is very important
⑶The sports meet ____ last week is of great importance.
A. holding B. being held C. to be held D. held
8.⑴He raised his voice in order to make us ___ him.
⑵He raised his voice in order to make himself _____.
A. heard B. hearing C. hear D. to be heard
9.(1)He stood there with his eyes _________ his mother．
(2) He stood there, _______his mother．
(3) A. staring at B. stared on C. fixing upon D. fixed upon
10.⑴Most of us went to see her, ____ some girls.
⑵Most of us went to see her, some girls ____.
A. include B. including C. included D. to include
11.⑴He was surprised to see some villagers ____ there.
⑵To his surprise, he saw some villagers _____ themselves.
A. seat B. seated C. seating D. to seat
12.⑴The man _____ Zhaosan used to live here.
⑵The man ____ himself Zhaosan used to lived here.
A. called B. calling C. to call D. call
13.⑴He had no choice but ________ at the bus-stop in the rain.
⑵He had nothing to do but ________ at the bus-stop in the rain.
A. to wait B. waiting C. wait D. should wait.
14.(1) I’m not free this evening because I have a lot of things ______.
(2) He was so lazy that he had all of his washing ______.
A. to do B. to be done C. doing D. done
15.(1)He often see them _______ football on the playground.
⑵The missing boys were last seen _____ near the river.
A. playing B. played C. play D. to play
16.(1) We are considering ___up a new factory here in this town．
(2) We are considering how__ up a new factory here in this town．
(3) The boy is considered ____a good example to his classmates．
A. setting B. to set C. to have set D. having set
17.(1) Mr Li is said ______ abroad? but I don’t know which country he studied in．
(2) Mr Li is said ______ abroad? but I don’t know which country he is studying in．
(3) Mr Li is said ______ abroad? but I don’t know which country he will study in.
A. to study B. to have studied C. to be studying D. having studied
18. (1)I insist that you ______ me my money back． (2)I insisted on your _____me my money back．
A. give B. to give C. giving D. would give
(3)The old man insisted that I ______ his wallet． A. has taken B. took C. should take D. had taken
19. (1)I don't enjoy _____ fun of others.
(2)I don't enjoy _____ fun of by others.
A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made
20.(1)If time _____, I'll go to see my friends tomorrow.
(2)Time _____, I'll go to see my friends tomorrow.
A. permitted B. permits C. permitting D. permit
21.(1)He had no choice but ____ aloud the text in the classroom..
(2)He did nothing but _____ aloud the text in the classroom..
A. reading B. to read C. read D. to be reading
22. (1)_____ a good writer, he has a lot of things to learn.
(2) ______ a good writer, he wrote a number of articles.
A. To be B. Being C. Having D. Done
23. (1) _____ his wallet ,he became very worried.
(2)______in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. to lose B. losing C. lost D. having been lost
24.(1) Having finished homework,______.
(2) Having been finished, _______.
A. the homework was handed in B. the teacher praised him
C. he went home with his classmates D. and he went home quickly
25. Finding her car stolen, ____.
A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everyone D. She hurried to a policeman for help
26. (1) The teacher came in,____ the Ss. (2) The teacher came in,____ by the Ss.
A. following B. followed C. having followed D. being followed
27.(1)_____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.
(2) _____ a hand to the poor, he felt very happy.
A. give B. given C. to give D. giving
28.(1) Look around when ____ the street.
(2) Look around before you ____ the street
A. cross B. crossing C. be crossing D. to be crossing
29. (1)I would like to _____ the holiday with you, so I am sure I will come.
(2)I would like to ____ the holiday with you, but I was really busy last week.
A. spend B. spending C. have spent D. having spent
30. (1) The girl ____ in a colorful skirt looks beautiful.
(2) The mother ___ her son must be late for the work.
A. dressed B. dressing C. dressed D. dress
答案：1 A C 2 B A 3 C A 4. BD 5 B A 6 B A 7 C B D 8 C A 9 D A 10 B C
11 B C 12 AB 13 A C 14.A D 15 C A 16 A B C 17 B C A 18 A CB
19 C D 20 B C 21 B C 22 AB 23 B C 24 CA 25.D 26 A B
27 B D 28 B A 29 A C 30 A B