专题01 冠词、名词:五年(2019-2023)高考英语真题分项汇编(解析版)
展开五年(2019-2023)年高考英语题组分项汇编
专题01 冠词、名词 (解析版)
第一题组 冠词
〖2023年高考题组〗
1.(2023新高考I卷)The meat should be fresh with 43 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
答案:a。
解析:考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,汤应该是热的,清澈的,美味的。a touch of “一点点;稍许”,常用搭配,touch“轻微;稍许”常用作单数。故填a。
2.(2023新高考II卷)Not the pandas, even though 39 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
答案:the。
解析:考查冠词。句意:不是熊猫,尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知,此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言,表特指,应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
3.(2023全国甲卷)In the evening, when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects becomes more meaningful to me.
答案:the改为a。
解析:考查冠词。句意:晚上,当我在学校的花园里散步时,昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。表示“散步”短语为take a walk。故the改为a。
4.(2023全国乙卷)Mom was sure same color would look great on her.
答案:same前加the。
解析:考查冠词。句意:妈妈确信同样的颜色在她身上会很好看。same前常加定冠词。故same前加the。
5.(2023浙江1月卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect culture of grassroots Beijingers.
答案:the。
解析:考查冠词。句意:与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比,胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处culture表示特指概念,应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
〖2022年高考题组〗
1.(2022新高考I卷)Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案:the
解析:考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
2.(2022新高考II卷)___________ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
答案:The
解析:考查冠词。句意:布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构,设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”,the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首,首字母应该大写。故填The。
3.(2022全国甲卷)____________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
答案:A
解析:考查冠词。句意:他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知,此处泛指“他的一个朋友”,应用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头,应用a,空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填A。
4.(2022全国乙卷)To celebrate ___________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
答案:the
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:为了庆祝这一节日,周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
5.(2022年浙江 1月题)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___________ time, they agreed.
答案:the
解析: 考查冠词。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。大约有四分之三的时间,他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内,故填the。
〖2021年高考题组〗
1.(2021新课标I卷)While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is must to visit!
答案:a
解析:句意为:你在中国的时候,一定要去黄山!泛指一件必须的事情,所以用不定冠词,故填a.
2.(2021全国甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all ___ ___ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
答案:the
解析:考查冠词。句意:我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直;完全地”可知短语为all the way,故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
3.(2021全国乙卷)Due to ___________ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
答案:the
解析:考查冠词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知,此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
4.(2021浙江卷)____________ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.
答案:The
解析:考查冠词。句意:林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层,以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知,此处意为“林肯一家”;根据设空后的Lincolns可知,此处考查“the+姓氏复数”,表示夫妇俩,或者一家人。设空处位于句首,所以首字母要大写。故填The。
〖2020年高考题组〗
1.(2020新课标II卷)The plum trees are ___________ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).
答案:the
解析:考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
2.(2020浙江卷)Then,with ___________ rise of science,changes began.
答案:the
解析:考查定冠词。句意:随着科学的崛起,事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
3.(2020年浙江 1月)A child born in the US today has _________very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
答案:a
解析:考查冠词。句意:今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上,因此需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词,此处表示泛指应用不定冠词,且very为辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
4.(2020新课标I卷)I waited patiently until the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.
答案:pan前the。
解析:句意:然后我把西红柿和打好的鸡蛋一起放进平底锅。此处特指上文提到的pan,所以其前应加定冠词the,故在pan前the。
5.(2020新课标I卷)For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.
答案:the改成a。
解析:泛指“一碗鸡蛋汤”,bowl以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a,所以the改成a。
〖2019年高考题组〗
1.(2019新课标I卷)Of ________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
答案:the
解析:考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。
2.(2019新课标II卷)When we got a call saying she was short-listed,we thought it was _______joke.
答案:a
解析:考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知,此处joke为泛指,故填a。
3.(2019浙江卷)Everybody wears ___________ same style of clothes.
答案:the
解析:考查冠词。句意:每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词,意思是“相同的”,常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
4.(2019新课标I卷)Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.
答案:football前加a。
解析:考查冠词。名词football为可数名词,前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现,故在football前加a。
第二题组 名词
〖2023年高考题组〗
1.(2023新高考II卷)Since June 2017, right before the 36 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
答案:arrival。
解析:考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。故填arrival。
2.(2023新高考II卷)They also need to be ready to give 41 (interview) in English with international journalists.
答案:interviews。
解析:考查名词的数。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知,空前是动词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,interview意为“采访”为可数名词,不止一段采访,应用复数形式。故填interviews。
3.(2023全国甲卷)The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty 69 (warn) about environmental destruction.
答案:warning。
解析:考查名词。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
4.(2023全国甲卷)The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautiful on the stamps.
答案:butterfly改为butterflies。
解析:考查名词的数。蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。句意:根据上文The bees可知,此处应用复数形式。故butterfly改为butterflies。
5.(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural 64 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
答案:wonders
解析:考查名词。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知,空处为名词形式;根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知,空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
6.(2023浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic (event).
答案:events。
解析:考查名词的数。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知,空格处需要填名词,且event为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填events。
〖2022年高考题组〗
1.(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___________ (population)and homes of giant pandas,
答案:populations
解析:考查名词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语,应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
2.(2022新高考II卷)He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
答案:son’s
解析:考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
3.(2022全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect).
答案:protection
解析:考查名词。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可数名词。故填protection。
4.(2022全国乙卷)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a ___ ___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
答案:responsibility
解析:考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
5.(2022全国乙卷)Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
答案:bicycle改为bicycles。
解析:考查名词。句意:如果用自行车代替汽车,我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle为可数名词,由句中的cars和句意可知,此处应用复数形式。故将bicycle改为bicycles。
6.(2021全国甲卷)Here are the results. Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other.
答案:friend改为friends。
解析:句意:许多同学说他们会和他们的朋友说或同学讲,因为他们是同龄人,能彼此理解。friend“朋友”为可数名词,结合句中their,所以此处要用复数。故friend改为friends。
6. (2022天津卷) When people are depressed, some experience a loss of________ while others can’t stop eating.
A. appetite B. power C. memory D. sight
答案:A
解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:当人们郁闷时,有些人会失去食欲,而有些人却忍不住暴饮暴食。A. appetite食欲;B. power权利;C. memory记忆;D. sight视力。结合后文while others can’t stop eating表示对比,可知,前文表意与暴饮暴食相反,即毫无食欲。A项符合句意。故选A项。
〖2021年高考题组〗
1.(2022年浙江 1月题组)When the answer, was no, she, declined the ___________ (invite).
答案:invitation
解析:考查名词。句意:当答案是否定的时候,她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语,故填invitation。
2.(2021新高考I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we_________(human) are.
答案:humans
解析:考查名词。句意为:一旦你到达山顶,你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。表示"人类",常用复数名词humans,此处作同位语,故填humans.
3.(2021新高考II卷)A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
答案:representative
解析:考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。
4.(2021全国甲卷) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and __________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people
答案:watchtowers
解析:考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知,此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念,应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
5.(2021全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educate about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _____________(develop)of the local areas.
答案:development
解析:考查名词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
6.(2021全国乙卷)___________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)
答案:Activities
解析:考查名词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知,空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填Activities。
7.(2021北京卷)Why do we dream?Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse________ (idea).
答案:ideas
解析:考查可数名词的数。句意:科学家们还不能完全确定,他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的,多种多样的”,形容词作定语,后接可数名词复数;idea想法,可数名词。故填ideas。
8.(2021浙江卷)In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
答案:marriage
解析:考查名词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
9.(2021浙江卷1月)It is calculated by dividing a ____38____ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
答案:person’s
解析:考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,person是修饰weight的,用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
10.(2021全国乙卷)I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.
答案:dish改为dishes。
解析:考查名词单复数。句意:饭后我总是帮助父母洗碗。固定短语“do the dishes”译为“洗餐具”。故将dish改为dishes。
〖2020年高考题组〗
1.(2020新课标I卷)The far side of the moon is of particular __________ (interesting) to scientists
答案:interest
解析:考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前形容词particular可知,空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb。意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
2.(2020新课标II卷)Chinese New Year is a ___________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
答案:celebration
解析:考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
3.(2020新课标III卷)Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
答案:curiosity
解析:考查名词。句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词,后跟名词curiosity作宾语,表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
4.(2020年北京卷)Now, lots of___ __(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.
答案:countries
解析:考查名词的数。句意:现在,许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子,以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数,故填countries。
5.(2020浙江卷)Later,they learned to work with the __________ (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
答案:seasons
解析:考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,提示词的词性为为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填seasons。
6.(2020浙江卷1月)For Japan, the__________(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.
答案:numbers
解析:考查名词的数。句意:对日本来说,这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁,今天是46岁,2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”,且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式,故填numbers。
7. (2020山东卷)Historical __________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
答案:accuracy
解析:考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
8.(2020新课标I卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
答案:chopstick改为chopsticks。
解析:句意:下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里,然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词,意为“筷子”,通常以复数形式出现,故将chopstick改为chopsticks。
9.(2020新课标II卷)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
答案:vacations改为vacation。
解析:vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词,后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。
〖2019年高考题组〗
1.(2019新课标I卷) Leading to a ________ (believe) that populations are increasing.
答案:belief
解析:考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知,空格处为名词形式,故填belief。
2.(2019新课标III卷)When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ________ (compete)to watch, together with the story behind it.
答案:competition
解析:考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
3.(2019浙江卷)Other American studies showed no __________(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
答案:connection/connections
解析:考查名词。句意:其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词,形容词修饰名词,位于名词前,名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词,“联系”的意思,因此,要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。
4.(2019北京卷)No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various __________(activity) on Earth Day.
答案:activities
解析:考查名词。句意:无论你喜欢做什么,有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知,此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
5.(2019新课标I卷)To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net.
答案:surprising改为surprise。
解析:考查固定搭配。“to one’s + 名词”在句中表示结果,“to one’s surprise”意思为“使某人惊讶的是…”。故将surprising改为surprise。
6.(2019新课标I卷)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.
答案:player改为players。
解析:考查名词的数。“player(运动员)”为可数名词,所以all(所有的)后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。
7.(2019新课标II卷)Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do.
答案:job改为jobs。
解析:考查名词的数。“job(工作;职业)”为可数名词,用different(不同的)修饰时意思为不同种类的工作,应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
8.(2019新课标II卷)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.
答案:city改为cities。
解析:考查名词单复数。many different后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。
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